Chapter 40 7. Fan Zhongyan's proud official career

Many officials are well versed in this, and deliberately build up their image in order to promote their careers. However, Fan Zhongyan has a unique advantage and has established his own official image unconsciously.Fan Zhongyan, a native of Wu County, Suzhou (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), was two years old and had no father. , in the eighth year of Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (1015) Yimao Ke High School Jinshi, at the age of 27.Fan Zhongyan was after Fan Lubing, the prime minister during the reign of Wu Zetian. After hundreds of years, this business card has lost its halo, so Fan Zhongyan is a poor scholar.After becoming a Jinshi, Fan Zhongyan's story spread like wildfire, so he restored his original surname and adopted his mother, which led to a great reputation.Undoubtedly, he became the most concerned candidate in that class, and people's strong interest in him even surpassed that of the new champion.

After Fan Zhongyan became an official, he successively served as officials in Taizhou Xixi Salt Tax, Lisi Cheng, and Chuzhou Grain Institute. He encountered embarrassment in the officialdom during the rising stage of his official career.The good moral image that has just been established will suddenly collapse. Three years is not a long time in a long life, but it is a long process in the officialdom, because most people cannot predict what the political environment will look like three years from now.Strictly speaking, Fan Zhongyan has just established half of his image. In a society governed by morality, it is necessary for officials to set up moral models. A moral image is an essential image for officials. image of.It can be seen from his previous work that Fan Zhongyan's political achievements are average, and he is not as outstanding as Zeng Gongliang, Wang Anshi and others.Just having such an opportunity, Fan Zhongyan decided to take a slanted sword.

what chance?Yan Shu, the prefect of Yingtianfu, Nanjing, looked for lecturers for the local Yingtianfu College, and found Fan Zhongyan after three searches.He graduated from Yingtianfu Academy and was an official in the court. He is currently in mourning at home. It is a bit low to be a lecturer, but he is completely qualified to be a principal.Fan Zhongyan was very happy, so Yan Shu hired him as the principal of Yingtianfu Academy.Don't underestimate the principal of an academy, there is a very strong network of political connections. The composition of the official crony network is nothing more than several relationships such as classmates, colleagues, fellow villagers, same year, teachers and students, relatives, and aides, among which the relationship between teachers and students is the most intimate and extensive.This can be imagined, for example, classmates, there are only a few people in a class, not all of them can be admitted to Jinshi, so this relationship is acceptable.Not to mention fellow countrymen, there are a few sporadic people in a place who are officials in the same dynasty.Officials come from all corners of the country. It is impossible for one unit to come from Jiangxi and another unit to come from Shandong. It is precisely because there are relatively few officials from the same hometown, so officials usually have a nostalgic complex, and they will consider supporting fellow villagers whenever they have the opportunity.The same year is the same year, similar to today's college graduates in the same class, the relationship is relatively distant from classmates and fellow villagers, but they often support each other.Not to mention godfathers, they play tricks on every occasion, and I don’t know how many officials have committed crimes because of their "godfathers".

Fan Zhongyan accepted Yan Shu's invitation. On the one hand, he had nothing to worry about after three years of filial piety. On the other hand, Fan Zhongyan had a clear understanding of the situation and the value of an academic leader.The predecessor of Yingtianfu Academy is Nandu Xueshe, which is located in Suiyang District of Shangqiu City, so it is also called Suiyang Xueshe.At the beginning, the scale was small, only the size of a remedial class, and with the efforts of the second-generation principal Qi Tongwen, it was able to flourish.At that time, the Song Dynasty had just been established, and the court was in short supply of talents. There were as many as fifty or sixty students who had passed the Jinshi examinations from the Suiyang Academy, such as Xu Xiang, Minister of the Ministry of War, Chen Xiangyu, a doctor of Guanglu, and Teng She, a transit envoy from Hebei, etc. .Because the enrollment rate is very high, Suiyang Academy has become a sacred place in the hearts of students, and people who have traveled thousands of miles to study are flocking to it.With the death of Qi Tongwen, the Suiyang School was closed for a while. The local Cao Cheng generously donated money, invested 3 million yuan in the school, expanded 150 school buildings, and collected 1,500 volumes of books. Qi Wei and Cao Cheng are lecturers and recruit students widely.Cao Cheng reported the matter to the state government, and the official recognized it, and changed its name to Nanjing Yingtianfu Academy. During this period, Fan Zhongyan came to study.

There were four major academies in the Song Dynasty, which were the source of important political power in the later officialdom, because the differences in the academies gradually formed different academic schools, and thus formed different political factions.The four major academies are: Nanjing Yingtianfu Academy, where Fan Zhongyan advocated the revival of Confucianism, and the Gaoping School was formed here, the main representatives are Qi Tongwen, Xu Xiang, Chen Xiangyu, Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi, Zhang Fangping, Zhang Zai (Confucianism) The founder of "Guan Xue", Fan Chunyou, Fan Chunren, Li Gou, Ouyang Xiu, Zeng Gong, Zhou Dunyi (the originator of Neo Confucianism and the founder of Lianxi School), etc., among many people, they are all famous for a while; Songyang Academy , the school was established for a long time and has a long history. It was founded by Pang Shi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty. The main representatives include Sima Guang, Han Wei, Lu Hui, etc.; Yuelu Academy, the predecessor of today's Hunan University, produced the author of "On Song Dynasty", Mr. Wang Fuzhi, a famous thinker in the late Ming Dynasty; Bailudong Academy, where Zhu Xi, a master of Neo Confucianism, rebuilt his school to give lectures, and Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, graduated from here.In the Song Dynasty, most academies were privately run. In order to strengthen control, the imperial court changed the privately run academies into a semi-government form by allocating funds and granting quotas to the academies.The academy is like a school, no university can produce two big officials in frontiers, so this is a political force that should not be underestimated.

Fan Zhongyan taught again, and there were three very famous students, Hu Yuan, Sun Fu, and Shi Jie. These three people either studied or communicated at Yingtianfu Academy. In short, they had a lot of contact with Fan Zhongyan.These three people are the "Three Gentlemen of Neo Confucianism" who revived Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.For example, Hu Yuan is the head of the Anding School, whose representatives include Cheng Yi, Liu Yi, Chen Shunyu, Zhou Ying, Qian Gongfu, Yang Shi, etc.Sun Fu and Shi Jie are the chief leaders of the Taishan School, and the representatives include Wen Yanbo, Jiang Qian, Liang Tao, Chao Shuozhi, Zu Wuzai and so on.When the headmaster gave lectures to these students, he must have intentionally or unintentionally mentioned his tutor Fan Zhongyan.Fan Zhongyan indirectly publicized his image to the majority of students through the mouths of three people. In the future, when the students became officials, they happened to meet Principal Fan. Who wouldn't give him face!

Mr. Qian Mu mentioned in the "Outline of National History: Departments of the Song and Song Dynasties", "In the difficult situation of 'breaking the porridge', I feel a sense of taking the world as my own responsibility, which is obviously a kind of spiritual self-awareness. However, this is not Fan Zhongyan's personal spirit feeling this for no reason, it is already a spirit of the times, which has long been hidden in the hearts of contemporaries, and was formally called out by Fan Zhongyan." Fan Zhongyan's greatness lies in shouting out the slogan of the times, Carrying the banner of the revival of Confucianism, it is precisely here that the officialdom of the Song Dynasty formed the characteristics of "emphasis on principles and no methods".Shouting false slogans has gradually become one of the necessary acting skills for officials. When they speak, they are full of enthusiasm, but in fact they are not nutritious.

Fan Zhongyan returned to the imperial court after his mother's funeral, and soon discovered a loophole in the officialdom. This loophole is "suggestion", giving advice to the leader, saying what is useful, and saying what is useless. In short, there is only one purpose, to let the leader remember himself.Song Renzong was twelve years old when he came to the throne, and was regented by Empress Dowager Zhang Xian.This was proposed by Yan Shu. Yan Shu was afraid that the elders of the Zhenzong Dynasty would monopolize the power, so he came up with such an expedient strategy.It was Yan Shu's recommendation that Fan Zhongyan was able to return to the imperial court to serve as the school manager of the Mi Pavilion.When Empress Dowager Liu celebrated her birthday, Yan Shu urged the emperor to lead a hundred officials to present their birthdays in court in order to flatter the Empress Dowager.Fan Zhongyan was the only one in the court who opposed it. He said, "If you serve your relatives inside, you have your own family etiquette." The emperor naturally has family etiquette for the empress dowager's birthday.Hundreds of officials belong to the imperial court, and there should be court etiquette, which is two different things.Yan Shu scolded Fan Zhongyan severely, don't you know good and bad, don't you know how you came back to Beijing?I propose to celebrate the queen mother's birthday, and you tear it down for me, no one would do it without you!On the contrary, Fan Zhongyan said eloquently, I am sticking to the principle, and I am not afraid of offending you, but I am thinking of you, because you recommended me, and Yan Shu was too embarrassed to respond to the rebuttal ("Sushui Jiwen").From this point alone, it can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's judgment on the current situation is very accurate, but Yan Shu is still following the old path.At that time, the Empress Dowager Liu was proposed to be a regency to prevent the courtiers from monopolizing power. Now those officials in the Zhenzong Dynasty have died and demoted, completely changed their appearance, and Song Renzong has grown up and has the ability to govern. On the other hand, the Empress Dowager Liu She is seventy and eighty, maybe one day she will die, what will be the development of flattering her?So Fan Zhongyan went to the Shu and asked Empress Dowager Liu to return power to Song Renzong, and the result can be imagined.

Fan Zhongyan's son was not approved, and he took the initiative to seek a job in the local area. This is Fan Zhongyan's cleverness.Because Empress Dowager Liu is still very powerful, it is inevitable that she will be hacked if she stays in the capital. It is better to take the initiative to go down than to be punished.Fan Zhongyan passed the judgment of the Hezhong Mansion, and he still did not forget to get in touch with the future new king after he left the place.At that time, the wood was transported from Shaanxi for the construction of Hongfuyuan.Fan Zhongyan took a son, saying that this is not a "Government of Peace", and requested that the construction be stopped immediately.After Song Renzong read it, although Fan Zhongyan's suggestion was unrealistic, he "thought he was loyal". At this time, Song Renzong remembered Fan Zhongyan.So much so that during the Song-Xia War, Fan Zhongyan committed the crime of "collaborating with the enemy", and Renzong did not pursue it too much.After this, Fan Zhongyan often gave sons to the emperor. Whether it was feasible or not, the core content was nothing more than the country's major policies, giving advice to the leaders with a performance nature.This gave him a place in the hearts of the leaders, and when the leaders got back on their feet, his spring would come.

Sure enough, Empress Dowager Liu didn't keep everyone waiting too long. Song Renzong came to power and called Fan Zhongyan back to Beijing as the right secretary.This official position is not big, but its political status is special.You Sijian, the work unit belongs to Jianyuan.In the first year of Tiansheng Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1023), the Admonition Institute was set up on the basis of the admonition officials of the Zhenzong Dynasty, forming an independent department, "handling satire and admonishment, where the court is missing, major events are admonished, and small matters are discussed."The work of Jianyuan and Yushitai is similar, but the objects are different. Yushitai grasps the atmosphere of hundreds of officials, and Jianyuan is dedicated to giving advice to the emperor. It is similar to the exclusive consultant of the leader. The monthly salary is 30 guan, and spring and winter silk are 13 each match.

Although the position is not high, we clearly know that this is temporary, and You Sijian is just the beginning of Fan Zhongyan's official career.Because of the construction of Hongfuyuan, Fan Zhongyan became a son, and Song Renzong gave him the evaluation of "loyalty". What does it have to do with loyalty to suggest that the court should not make large-scale construction projects?That's the problem.Gein Fan Zhongyan risked his official career being demoted to save face for his future boss.Of course it failed, no matter what the result was, Fan Zhongyan sacrificed his official career and left a brand of loyalty in the heart of the new boss.From the perspective of Song Renzong, we can know that when Empress Dowager Liu was in power, Song Renzong desperately hoped to have the final say when he grew up, but he couldn't take the initiative to raise it, and he didn't have that political power. Guan Jian said that Empress Dowager Liu returned to power as the legal heir of the empire, what would Song Renzong think?His heart must be very warm.Therefore, as soon as Song Renzong came to power, he recalled Fan Zhongyan, who was working in the local area, to the capital.Looking at Fan Zhongyan's official career throughout his life, his acting elements in the first half of his life were slightly less, or rather jerky, while in the second half of his life he was extremely slick. According to official practice, when the former ruler resigns, he will usually be smeared by the newcomer. It is good that the handover is smooth.After Song Renzong came to power, many officials in the court criticized the Empress Dowager Liu's various wrongdoings. I don't know whether it was to cater to the new emperor or for what purpose.Fan Zhongyan, who can accurately grasp the changes in the current situation, said that no matter what is wrong with the Empress Dowager Liu, after all, she has protected the official family for more than ten years, and she should "cover up her little stories, so as to benefit the future virtues."Song Renzong felt that it was reasonable, so he issued an imperial edict, from now on, officials and scholar-officials are not allowed to discuss current affairs of the Empress Dowager. Why did Song Renzong listen to Fan Zhongyan's opinion?The reason is that Fan Zhongyan hit the boss's psychology.You must know that no matter whether it is the emperor or the officials, they are all members of the officialdom, that is, politicians.A wise politician usually establishes an image to the outside world, which must conform to moral values ​​in a society governed by morality. Song Renzong is no exception.Fan Zhongyan accurately hit the boss's morality. Although Empress Dowager Liu is not Song Renzong's biological mother, she is also an adoptive mother after all (the mystery of Renzong's biological mother is the famous "civet cat for the prince" case), you are so filial to your own father, do you disagree with your adoptive mother? ?Even if Song Renzong had resentment in his heart living under the shadow of Empress Dowager Liu, on the surface it was acceptable. After all, "the dead are the greatest" is our consistent moral tradition.To destroy this is to destroy one's own image.In terms of inner feelings, Song Renzong was indeed dissatisfied with Queen Mother Liu, because she left behind a time bomb.In the posthumous edict of Empress Dowager Liu, the concubine Yang was the empress dowager to participate in military and state affairs.Tricky troubles came, Song Renzong always wanted to monopolize Chao Gang, and Empress Dowager Liu died and there was a problem. Is "resolving worries and problems" for the emperor a kind of acting?I thought it had to be counted.You should know that "resolving worries and problems for the emperor" does not mean that the emperor has real problems for you to solve. Then again, if you encounter real problems that the emperor can't solve by himself, can you still solve them?The odds of this are slim to none.The emperor's "difficulties" were those "difficult for face". He knew what to do, but he was too embarrassed to say it out of face, and had to be raised and resolved by his subordinates.The requirements of this play are very high. First of all, the two parties must have a tacit understanding.It may be a simple matter, but your meddling makes it more complicated.It is one of tacit cooperation to reach the state of tacit understanding.Second, the supporting roles in the play are very demanding. They must be able to grasp the process of the protagonist's psychological changes, and what they say and what they say are vivid and accurate, so as to achieve the artistic effect of two people's images becoming taller as soon as the lines are spoken.For example, the Empress Dowager Liu's posthumous edict incident can be resolved independently with Song Renzong's ability. If he does that, he may be charged with "disobedience and unfilial piety" and is extremely passive. Therefore, the supporting role Fan Zhongyan must appear in time.The difficulty of official acting is that there is no rehearsal process, it is completely improvised, and if the performance is not in place, there is no chance to start over.When the emperor was disturbed by the edict, Fan Zhongyan spoke again: "The queen mother, the title of mother, has never been established for childcare. Now that the queen mother has died, and another queen mother has been established, the world doubts that your majesty cannot live without the help of the queen mother." Hey." "Queen Mother" is just an official title of the mother, not the country's crown prince. After one dies, another will be established. This will create an image for the whole country that the government cannot do without the help of the mother. The subtext says that you want to be a man. So Song Renzong became a man with the cooperation of Fan Zhongyan and quickly resolved the incident. The game between monarch and subject emphasizes tacit understanding. Of course, this thing also has mistakes in coordination, and the price of mistakes is painful.After Song Renzong came to power, he was destined to undergo a big change of blood between the government and the opposition. He successively dismissed the cliques who were attached to the Queen Mother Liu, such as Lu Yijian, Xia Song, Fan Yong, Yan Shu and others.As Song Renzong continued to secure the throne of the emperor, the mystery of his life experience began to be slowly revealed, and the hapless Empress Guo became the focus of a new round of struggle.In short, when Song Renzong became an adult, Empress Dowager Liu chose a marriage for him. Although Song Renzong didn't like the Guo family, Empress Dowager Liu was too strong, so she had to submit.After the death of Empress Dowager Liu, Song Renzong targeted Empress Guo in order to get rid of her shadow.How could the young couple not quarrel, not to mention that Song Renzong had many concubines in the Sangong and Sixth Courtyards, Empress Guo took a strong stance and was stricter with Song Renzong.Once, in order to fight for favor, Empress Guo wanted to slap Shangmei, who was favored by Song Renzong, but accidentally slapped Song Renzong on the neck, scratching a few bloody marks. Cause the young couple to break up.The relationship between the two was okay before. Song Renzong once discussed political affairs with Queen Guo, and they talked about Lu Yijian, the prime minister of the dynasty.Queen Guo, who has no head, uttered nonsense to Lu Yijian, saying that he flattered and flattered people and was just good at opportunistic.Song Renzong thought about it too, that's all about Lu Yijian's phase. Lu Yijian has a close relationship with Yan Wenying, the servant, and he was very resentful when he learned that the Prime Minister was dismissed because of Queen Guo's words.Not long after, Song Renzong inspected the new minister and the old party for a period of time, and believed that Lu Yijian had to stand up for major national affairs, so he resumed.It just so happened that Empress Guo slapped Song Renzong across the face because of jealousy, Shang Meiren blew on the pillow, and Yan Wenying fanned the flames.Song Renzong was so excited that he called Prime Minister Lu Yijian for an interview.Lao Lu has been the prime minister for more than 20 years, so he naturally has his means. Lu Yijian immediately said that he would abolish Queen Guo.According to morality and ethics, ordinary wives cannot bully their husbands, let alone His Majesty is the Son of Heaven.After being persuaded by Shangmeiren, Yan Wenying, and Lu Yijian, and Song Renzong's knowledge of his life experience, after combining factors, Guo was deposed. On the grounds that Guo had no heirs, he "voluntarily" abdicated to practice Taoism and was named Yujing. Immortal Master Chongmiao, given the name Qingwu, lives in Changning Palace. As soon as the news of the abolition came out, Fan Zhongyan led the admonishers to argue hard, thinking it was impossible.After ups and downs, Fan Zhongyan has been in the officialdom for more than ten years. Since Renzong took office, he has shown the demeanor of admonishing officials and leaders.Fan Zhongyan made a wrong judgment on the situation. He thought that it was Lu Yijian's idea to abolish the empress, and it was in fact, but he didn't expect Song Renzong to support it.Fan Zhongyan suddenly understood that this time he was not even a supporting role, but a walk-on. In the end, his performance failed, and he was ordered to leave Zhimuzhou, and was transferred to Suzhou at the end of the year.Fan Zhongyan's departure does not mean that the emperor gave up on him, on the contrary, it is his experience. Fan Zhongyan went to the place and did some practical things.There was a flood in the local area, and the people's fields could not be cultivated. He began to dredge water conservancy, and channeled the flood into the East China Sea through Taihu Lake.The project has not yet been completed, and the new appointment of the court has arrived. The transfer envoy asked the court to ask Fan Zhongyan to finish the project before leaving.Fan Zhongyan did the job pretty well and completed the work smoothly.He also established Suzhou County School in Suzhou, which can be regarded as a return to employment.Fan Zhongyan served successively as magistrate of Runzhou, Yuezhou, etc., and the middle-aged old Fan has really summarized and planned his career since then, and a wonderful drama is about to be staged. Fan Zhongyan was fifty-one years old when he knew Yuezhou, which was a watershed for him to become an official.In the first half of his life, his official career was performed in a mess. He entered the officialdom and fought with the Empress Dowager Liu, cooperated with Song Renzong's personal administration, and competed with the prime minister Lu Yijian, etc. There were three ups and downs.Half-life career performances can be described as exhilarating, it seems that all the accumulation and preparations are for this moment of prosperity.After the ups and downs of the officialdom, Fan Zhongyan began to rise in front of the world. "Qingsuo Shihua" records that when Fan Zhongyan was in office in Yuezhou, an official surnamed grandson in the household department died, leaving behind a young wife and two young sons.Fan Zhongyan donated generously and donated 100 yuan of his salary.At the same time, Lao Fan also suggested other officials to donate money and goods to Sun's widow, and the money they got was a lot.There is a problem involved here. Although the Song Dynasty was in a peaceful era and the country was thriving, the transportation was inconvenient and the public security problem had always been a hidden danger of social unrest.Orphans and widows bring a boatload of belongings back to their hometown, what if someone stops and robs them on the way?Fan Zhongyan knew better that the scissors were not as vicious as officials extorting money, so in order to ensure that Sun's widow returned to her hometown safely, Lao Fan specially wrote a poem and told the officials to stick to the boat when they crossed the border of Yuezhou. I will see who dares to move.The poem said: "A light sail sails across the giant river. When it comes, it is warm and goes to cool weather. If Guanjin wants to be famous, this is the boat for orphans and widows." Needless to say, it is naturally the governor of Yuezhou Fan Xiwen Zhongyan Gong. The brilliance of this story is that Fan Zhongyan indirectly promoted himself with the high-sounding reason of protecting orphans and widowed mothers.The question is does it work?The answer is yes, anyone who wants to move the property on the boat has to weigh it carefully, because everyone knows that Fan Zhongyan is a ruthless person.He has set up a moral model, served as the principal of Yingtianfu Academy, the leader of the revival of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, the boss who was unanimously respected by the ruling and opposition officials, established a school in Suzhou, etc., successively entangled with the empress dowager Liu, Lu Yijian and other big bosses, and won Song Renzong Trust, recommended Ding Jun, Deng Zi, Xu Zhizhong, Wei Qi, Lu Ge, Li Shuo and others during the work.On the one hand, the recommender was considering the imperial court, and on the other hand, he was also considering himself. Fan Zhongyan attacked the prime minister in the "Picture of the Promotion Sequence of Hundred Officials", and Lu Yijian countered that he was a crony.Such an official is like a knight with great influence in the rivers and lakes, who can take both black and white, regardless of the level of martial arts, any hero will not give a little face when he hears Fan Zhongyan's name.Without these two brushes, Fan Zhongyan's more than 20 years of official career would have been in vain. In March of the following year, Fan Zhongyan returned to the capital at the recommendation of Han Qi, the deputy envoy of Shaanxi Economic Strategy and Appeasement, and served as a waiter at Tianzhang Pavilion and learned about Yongxing Army.After working for just one month, he was promoted again to be Wailang, a member of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, a transfer envoy of Shaanxi Province, and directly promoted to a provincial official.Another three months later, he moved to Longtuge as a direct bachelor, and was appointed as the Deputy Envoy of Shaanxi Economic Strategy and Appeasement together with Han Qi.Not only to manage government affairs all the way, but now the military and government are in charge. Why did Fan Zhongyan get promoted so quickly?There are three reasons.First, Xixia Li Yuanhao gave Fan Zhongyan a chance.Li Yuanhao became independent and launched an attack on the original suzerain state. The situation on the front line was extremely tense. In the battle of Sanchuankou, the Song army was defeated.The court dismissed Fan Yong and others, and reorganized the leadership team.Second, Song Renzong was 30 years old at the time and had been in power for seven years. He had completely got rid of the shackles of the remnants of Empress Dowager Liu and needed to establish his own leadership team.Fan Zhongyan fought for the power for him back then, and the two monarchs and ministers cooperated well. Lao Fan has worked in the local area for many years, so he is fully qualified to be a key member of the new leadership team.Song Renzong considered the younger officials who went to defend against the enemy this time compared to Xia Song, Lu Yijian and other veterans, such as Han Qi, Fan Zhongyan, Wang Su, Pang Ji, Yin Zhu and others. When they entered the hall.Li Yuanhao was too fierce, which Song Renzong didn't expect.The third is the result of the struggle between Fan Zhongyan and Lu Yijian. "Song History Fan Zhongyan's Biography" records that Song Renzong asked the two of them to come to a general to reconcile, Fan Zhongyan said that I am not right about people, and that I am arguing about national affairs, and Yu Yijian has no regrets!Then the two shook hands and made peace.We must know that there are very few such glamorous situations in the officialdom, especially with political enemies for many years, it is difficult to achieve a harmonious state.Lu Yijian also has his Xiaojiujiu, the front line needs generals to fight, that's it, Xiaofan, you go!If we win, we give each other high fives, but if we lose, it's a big deal!Lu Yijian is very familiar with the military history of the Song Dynasty. He knows very well that the elite generation of the founding of the country will never return. Since ancient times, literati leading troops have rarely won victory.What's more, Fan Zhongyan has a good way of making suggestions and suggestions. He has never led troops to fight in his work experience. "Summer Recorded Words" records that when Fan Zhongyan died, Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world, wrote him a Shinto stele, which is a stone stele standing in the tomb passage to record the deeds of the tomb owner's life.At that time, Fan Chunren, the second son of Fan Zhongyan, was very upset when he saw this sentence, and said that my father had never reconciled with Lu Gong.Ouyang Xiu said that you were still young at that time, and you didn't know the specific situation at all.You must know that Fan Chunren's official position was definitely not based on his father's nepotism. When Fan Zhongyan died, Fan Chunren was only 25 years old and had just passed the Jinshi examination.Moreover, Fan Chunren was the right servant of the Shangshu and the assistant minister of the Zhongshu in the Zhezong Dynasty. His father only managed political affairs in the Renzong Dynasty.Fan Chunren's official IQ is much higher than that of Ouyang Xiu, who has a serious literati complex. Although he was young at the time, after he became the prime minister, he must have understood the struggle between his father and the prime minister through speculation, so he insisted on changing the sentence just now, so angry Ouyang Xiu swears that there is nothing left to write on the epitaph! Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi and other young officials went to the front line to defend against the enemy under the leadership of the veteran Xia Song.There are three fires for a new official to take office. Who doesn't want to make contributions to the front line? The commander-in-chief Xia Song is based in the safe area behind, and his main job is to drink flowers and wine in the barracks.Fan Zhongyan advocated the establishment of military strongholds, formed fortifications with fortresses, gradually expanded, regained lost ground, and recruited the Qiang tribes to weaken Li Yuanhao's power, starting from both military and political aspects.At that time, Lao Fan led his eldest son Fan Chunyou, who was only 18 years old, in a bloody battle on the battlefield and won several small-scale victories.Han Qi is not the case. He thinks that the Xia army is devoted to the whole country with just a few people, and there is no need to be afraid of them. He advocates going deep into the Xia land and fighting decisively with them.Under Han Qi's command, Ren Fu successfully attacked White Leopard City at night, which was the biggest victory against Xia.As a result of the battle, seven Xia Bing leaders and more than 600 soldiers were beheaded, more than 70 people were captured, and countless people were burned to death. , cattle, sheep, camels more than 7,000 heads.Song Jun killed one person and wounded more than a hundred people.In the Song and Xia Sanchuankou battles, the Xia army had a strength of 100,000. In the early stage of the war, Xia's army suffered many casualties. In the end, the two armies of Liu Ping and Shi Yuansun were wiped out. The exact number of casualties is unclear.If it wasn't for the difficulty of marching due to the heavy snow at that time, it is estimated that Fan Yong's defenders would have to join in. The newcomers really made a difference when they took office, so there was a ballad circulating on the front line: "There is a Korean in the army, and the western thieves feel cold when they hear it. There is a fan in the army, and the western thieves are frightened when they hear it." This song is very Interestingly, through the analysis of its source, content, and author, it will come to a result of "Yan Ran is not reined in, and there is no plan". Let me talk about the source of the ballad first, it must have come from the Song army.The reason is simple. Folk songs are a form of public opinion propaganda, especially the slogans of front-line combat. The content is usually mixed with praise and criticism, and belittling one party is to elevate the other.The worst curses in ancient China were nothing more than "male thief and female prostitute". There are often slurs such as "straight mother thief" and "thief supporting the army". It can be seen that calling someone a "thief" is the greatest insult to the enemy.It is impossible for Xia Jun to compose a song to boost the morale of the enemy army and destroy his prestige when he is full.Knowing the source, and looking at the content of the ballad, it praised the leadership of the two military generals on the front line and established a glorious image of the two.The Xixia army was "chilled" and "terrified" when they saw them. The two leaders were too powerful.It is worth noting that in the ballad, Han Qi is in the front and Fan Zhongyan is in the back. Why are they arranged in this way?In terms of age, Fan Zhongyan is nine years older than Han Qi, and in terms of becoming an official, Fan Zhongyan was thirteen years earlier. In terms of seniority, Han Qi is far less profound than Fan Zhongyan. He is in the front row because under his leadership, he won the night attack on the White Leopard City, while Fan Zhongyan's results were not outstanding. .If the order is reversed: "There is Fan in the army, and the western thieves are frightened when they hear it. There is Han in the army, and the western thieves are heartbroken when they hear it." The soldiers saw that the fool did not do this, and their faces were as big as lanterns. Gao Hang, can you make it a little more fake?Regardless of seniority or age on the battlefield, what is discussed is military achievements, just like salesmen, what is relied on is performance, and nothing else is useless.Through the analysis of the content, we further concluded that the ballad should come from Fan Zhongyan's department.To sum up, the author of the ballad is likely to be Fan Zhongyan, even if it is not him, it is a public opinion propaganda completed under his suggestion. Once the slogan is shouted, it has four functions.The first is to calm people's hearts. No matter what the purpose of the slogan is, at least we can see the role of this aspect.The frontline soldiers and civilians had just experienced the defeat at the Battle of Sanchuankou, and they were living in the shadows. At this time, the imperial court needed to encourage them and give them the confidence to build a life.In the chaos, this is the work that officials must do. This alone must admit that Fan Zhongyan is a qualified official.Second, it serves as a diplomatic deterrent to many ethnic minority tribes living on the front line. The Qiangs are not stupid. Watching the two groups woo back and forth, they will hang out with whoever is strong.When Cao Wei was in charge of the Northwest military administration, he beat Li Jiqian hard, and the Qiangs obeyed.Now the situation has changed rapidly, and the balance of victory is tilted towards Xixia. The Qiangs saw the wind and ran away one after another.At this time, Song Fang needs to come out to do work to win over, not to mention becoming an enemy, at least don't help Li Yuanhao beat us.Third, the ballad has an encouraging effect on the soldiers of the Song army. The Song army was newly defeated, the people were angry, and the morale of the soldiers was low. The shouting of the ballad achieved the effect of boosting morale.Fourth, make friends with Han Qi.Fan Zhongyan was able to become a general on the Northwest Front, thanks to Han Qi's recommendation.The so-called reciprocating love means being decent in terms of favors, and the officialdom pays more attention to these things.Han Qi must be very happy when the song spread to his side, as the so-called good words warm the winter.In the end, it was a gesture for the imperial court. The sneak attack under the leadership of Han Qi was successful, and the imperial court rewarded them. In private, everyone will talk about who is good and who is not.Fan Zhongyan's cleverness is to use the light of Han Qi's victory to promote himself, which is called "hugging thighs" in today's words.A message was conveyed to the imperial court, and the literati opened their eyes to see clearly that Han Qi was not the only one working alone. I, Lao Fan, did not drink flowers and wine like the commander-in-chief. see that?This lethality is by no means lower than using a big knife! The ballad propaganda Fan Zhongyan did on the side was popular with many front-line soldiers and civilians. As for the scholar-officials in the ruling and opposition parties, he also did public opinion work. Fan Zhongyan has a brilliant literary talent, which is several grades higher than Han Qi.Han Qi is more pragmatic. Except for being a little confused in his later years, he has been adhering to the spirit of a man of action throughout his life.The reason why he is not as famous as Fan Zhongyan is because he doesn't know how to shout slogans. He learned it later, but he is not as brilliant as old Fan Zhongyan.Needless to say, Fan Zhongyan's literary attainments are second only to the Six Schools of the Song Dynasty. The famous "Fisherman's Proud Saixiaqiulai" was created when he was on the Northwest Front.The poem said: "The scenery is different in the fall of Saixia. The geese in Hengyang go without paying attention, and the sound is heard from all sides. Thousands of miles away, the long smoke sets and the city is closed. The ground is full of frost. People can’t sleep, and the general has white hair and tears.” This word describes the hardships of the border soldiers’ life, and has always been considered to express the author’s determination to defeat the enemy and make contributions and the ambivalence of missing his hometown. In terms of literature, "Fisherman's Pride" is indeed a rare masterpiece of Song Ci.When it was passed to the imperial court, Ouyang Xiu commented that he was a "poor Sailor", meaning that the words of the chiefs of ethnic minorities contained derogatory and sarcastic meanings.Ouyang Xiu, who eats and drinks in the rear, cannot understand the work and life of the generals at the front. He must have a reason for saying so.Later, when Wang Su went out to guard Pingliang, Ouyang Xiu also wrote the first "Fisherman's Pride" as a gift. The fragmented sentence reads: "Fei Jie plays when you return from victory, congratulates you with wine, and presents Nanshan longevity on jade steps." Ouyang Xiu said to Wang Su, This is what a real marshal should do, not as miserable and depressing as Fan Zhongyan's "Sai Xia Qiu Lai" ("Dong Xuan Transcript").Ouyang Xiu represented the opinions of some officials. Generals must defend their homes and country in front-line battles. Only by triumphant victory can they achieve the goal of defending their homes and country. What effect can it play by just complaining about how hard life is and how difficult it is?Ouyang Xiu is more of a one-hole theory, because most government and opposition officials sympathize with Lao Fan in this poem.In addition, Fan Zhongyan did not forget to recommend and make friends. At that time, the scholar Zhang Zai came to join the army, and Lao Fan said that you should go home and study hard, and study "The Doctrine of the Mean".Zhang Zai went back to study very obediently, and became the founder of Song Confucianism "Guan Xue".Fan Zhongyan also recommended a famous person, the young Wen Yanbo who had outstanding performance in the battle against Xia.Whether it is writing lyrics for songs or recommending friends with celebrities, from the perspective of officialdom, it is a means of publicity for officials themselves.However, with the development of the situation, the glamorous slogans of public opinion gradually turned into satire. The "Border Ballad" created by Fan Zhongyan's department had a deterrent effect on the enemy, and Li Yuanhao wrote to Fan Zhongyan to seek peace.Lao Fan was relieved, the ballads were not written in vain, literary works have their functions.Fan Zhongyan wrote back to Li Yuanhao, offering to make an appointment.Unexpectedly, in February of the second year of Song Renzong Qingliyuan (1041), Li Yuanhao led an army of 100,000 to attack Song Dynasty.The information was transmitted to the Song Army headquarters, and the responses were mixed.Han Qi insisted on fighting with him. Xixia is small and narrow, there are only two people in total, why are you afraid of him?Besides, we already had one victory, and Li Yuanhao was only mediocre.The generals unanimously agreed to this decision, and Yin Zhu, the general judge and economic strategy judge of Qinzhou, went to Fan Zhongyan's department in Gyeongju and agreed to jointly march.Fan Zhongyan resolutely opposed, we have already lost the battle of Sanchuankou, how can we go deep now, we must observe the situation now, and then talk about defeating the enemy.Yin Zhu sighed and said, you are not as courageous as Han Gong. Han Gong once said that "the use of troops should be independent of victory and defeat", and you are too conservative as a leader.范仲淹说大军一动，万命所悬，怎么能把胜负置之度外？两人最后不欢而散。宋、夏之间发生了最为惨烈的好水川之战，主将任福战死，宋军全军覆没，死伤十万余人。韩琦丢盔弃甲从战场回来，士兵家属上千人拦住马匹，哭嚎不止，哀恸声震天动地。韩琦不胜悲愤掩泣，驻马不能前。范仲淹得知后，叹曰这就是“用兵当置胜负于度外”的结果（《东轩笔录》）。 消息传到京城，朝野震恐，惊得宋仁宗好几天吃不下饭，确定战报之后，龙颜震怒。朝廷开始讨论善后抚恤，追究相关责任人。前线总指挥夏竦为责任人，韩琦率军作战失败负主要责任，范仲淹按兵不动不去支援负次要责任。正当节骨眼上，范仲淹与李元昊通书信的猛料被曝光了。好水川战败之后，李元昊给范仲淹的信言辞颇为傲慢，老范一怒之下，当着来使的面烧了书信。这个情节非常严重了，大有毁灭证据之嫌疑。宰相吕夷简、参知政事宋庠以“人臣无外交”为由，要求力斩范仲淹，以正视听。前线将领犯这么大错误，无组织无纪律，不杀怎么对得起死去的将士们？这段前文已叙，再一商量吕夷简不吱声了，把得罪人的活推给了宋庠。国防部部长、枢密使杜衍力言不可，杜衍是个明白人，范仲淹虽然带军打仗过于保守，但在前线做了很多工作，诸如修建堡垒、安抚诸羌等。如果杀掉范仲淹，换了另一个人去估计还没他干得好。朝廷里为老范喊冤的大有人在，如王尧臣为其鸣不平。胜败乃兵家常事，因为一场战役的失败就杀掉了一位矬子中拔大个的将领不值得。宋仁宗征求吕夷简意见，吭哧了半晌他才说，杜衍言之有理。建议一出，朝野哗然，被吕夷简出卖的滋味不好受（《续资治通鉴长编》）。 从宋仁宗自己的角度来看，范仲淹不能杀，他算是皇帝的心腹。范仲淹水平再差也比前任范雍强。大家都看清楚了，范仲淹中了李元昊的稳兵之计，给他写信目的就是稳住他，不让他发援兵，西夏从容取得了好水川之战的胜利。范仲淹代表皇帝的利益，他为前线将领是仁宗的意思，如今失误了，皇帝面子过不去。假如果然一刀了断，损失了一个人才不说，关键是仁宗没有挽回面子的可能了，留着范仲淹只为了他能够找回丢的份儿。最后夏竦被罢免，朝廷象征性处理了韩琦、范仲淹，过了几个月又恢复了职位，不过范仲淹很长脸，很快把面子争回来了。 这里面我们能够清楚地看到，宋仁宗是大哥，范仲淹是小弟，小弟犯了事儿，大哥必须给兜着。自古未有权臣在内而大将能立功于外者。这是范仲淹一手造成的，致使宋、夏第三次战役失利。生活在前线战区的诸羌是属墙头草的，谁强就倒向谁。范仲淹跟他们约法三章，算是稳定了，并且提议朝廷使用蕃兵。宋军由禁军（中央军）、厢军（地方军）、乡兵（民兵预备役）和蕃兵（少数民族部队）组成。仁宗庆历年间禁军多达120万，军费开支1200万贯，竭尽国力去养兵，结果养了一群废物。西北战事吃紧，范仲淹来了一招“以夷制夷”，兵源主要是西北地区的羌人、吐蕃以及党项等。蕃兵工资低，劳动力相对廉价，但宋廷对待蕃兵有着本质上的歧视。这就造成了蕃兵积极性不高，他们也不傻，拿工资混口饭吃，真正到战场上谁跟你玩？宋廷自以为手段高明，结果在宋、夏定川寨之战中该隐患影响了战事走向。 简言之，韩、范被贬后，朝廷分秦凤、泾原、环庆、鄜延为四路，以韩琦知秦州，王沿知渭州，范仲淹知庆州，庞籍知延州。庆历二年（1042年）闰九月，李元昊又来了。渭州知州王沿派遣大将葛怀敏会合诸路军马大约一万人去阻击夏军，结果被围困在定川寨。战事非常诡异，宋军由于此次出战多数为蕃兵，与夏军同宗同源，一家人不打一家人，内部产生哗变，葛怀敏等十六位将领战死，其他宋军投降了。葛怀敏的儿子当时也被围困在定川寨，竟然神奇地从前线跑到了后方。然后，李元昊的四路大军长驱直入，直抵渭州。当时渭州空城一座，王沿让所有民众站城墙上摇旗呐喊虚张声势，最后李元昊围着城转了三圈撤退了。李元昊是一位名将，他不可能轻易撤退，原因在于另一路夏军遭遇原州知州景泰的顽强阻击，死伤较大。此外，宋境鄜延路屯兵六万八千、环庆路五万、泾原路七万、秦凤路二万七千，共计二十余万。庆州的范仲淹率领六千人马前来支援，其他援兵克日即到。李元昊这次出来没占到什么便宜，看老范的架势要跟他拼命，要与宋军死磕家底容易打光，所以撤退了。 当时战报送到朝廷，宋仁宗指着地图对大臣们说，如果范仲淹出兵援助，吾无忧矣。果然前线战报，范仲淹出兵吓退了李元昊。《宋史·范仲淹传》载，帝大喜曰：“吾固知仲淹可用也。”看一下他的情绪，是“大喜”，文言文中“大喜”是人高兴的最大程度，比“大笑”、“大悦”等要高出一个层次，打心眼儿里往外那么高兴。可见范仲淹代表了皇帝的利益，前面他跌份儿，如今找了回来，给领导争足了面子。甭管使用蕃兵是谁提的意见，那都不重要，重要的是你要长脸。你给领导争面子，领导一定给你面子，宋仁宗特诏范仲淹为枢密直学士、右谏议大夫。 范仲淹又开始演戏了，不行啊，我毫无贡献不可胜任，以军出无功，辞不敢受命。演员最大的毛病，就是一旦拉开架势很难收住。《渑水燕谈录》载，范仲淹有效治理番邦诸羌，当地人管他叫“龙图老子”或者“小范老子”，前任领导范雍叫“大范老子”。范仲淹有一黄金铸的笺筒，里面装着朝廷给的各种奖状，后来不知道怎么个情况被一老卒盗去。范仲淹的表现值得玩味，“公知不究”，明明知道是谁偷的而不去追查，那么他的目的是什么？很简单，假借老卒之口宣传他的神圣典型。果然后世有人在他遗像上题了一首诗，曰：“甲兵十万在胸中，赫赫英名震犬戎，宽恕可成天下事，从他老卒盗金筒。”这位仁兄完全道听途说，如果研究了历史，他会认清一个真实的范仲淹。 夏、宋经过了三次大规模战役，双方疲惫不堪，最后达成了庆历和议，双方停火。大宋获得了三四十年的和平，得以开始进行富国强兵的两次全面改革。第一次是范仲淹主持的庆历新政，第二次是王安石主持的熙宁变法。议和之后，范仲淹升枢密副使、参知政事，为庆历新政主力。改革期间范仲淹不忘老本行，又演了一把，当时西北不知怎么地传出了一首歌谣，内容是“小范老子胸中有数万甲兵，不像大范老子好欺”，据说是从西夏方面传出来的，借敌人之口肯定了他在前线的工作，或者是为了当副宰相做舆论资本。别人不懂，韩琦应该明白，估计他听到后会找个旮旯狂呕。 实际上，庆历新政是由宋仁宗发起的，他比任何人都迫切。范仲淹的态度是“用我至矣。然事有后先，且革弊于久安，非朝夕可能也”，士人贪图安逸，国家积弊已久，政治改革这事儿不好整！宋仁宗两次逼迫，范仲淹才拿出了改革意见。宋代每驾崩一个皇帝建立一个阁，储藏图书、符瑞、宝玩之物及宗室名籍等，绝对的庄严之地。老范提出的十条改革政策，其中有七条由韩琦提出，他只是换了个名称而已，山寨了一下。糊弄了一年零四个月，遭到保守派的强烈反击。范仲淹一见事情不妙，赶紧撂挑子，主动辞职，寻求下地方工作。《碧云》中有条史料值得注意，说范仲淹提出的十条改革意见，宋仁宗看了评价不高，老生常谈了，然后范仲淹主动辞职。《碧云》是魏泰假托梅尧臣之名义撰写的史料，魏泰是吕夷简方面的人，存在诬陷范仲淹之嫌疑。这点姑且不论，事实上的确有这种嫌疑。君臣二人联袂出演的各种戏剧不知多少场，这是最后一次。宋仁宗看清了范仲淹的真实面目，对他心灰意冷，从此各自单飞。明哲保身是最高明的演技，一看不行了赶紧跑路，因为只有跑得快才能保留全尸。出来混早晚要还的，其实每一位官员都不怕死，就怕死了没人埋。 范仲淹先后知邓州、杭州、青州，于庆历六年（1046年）九月十五日写下了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》，著名之句“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”。这其实是一句带有表演性质的口号。还有一句著名的口号据说也是他喊的，“不为良相，便为良医”，这个史无定论，还有说是诸葛亮说的。不管谁说的，总之放在范仲淹身上这是一句空话。从相位退下来没见他去当医生，当然我们理解这是一种比喻，写下了《岳阳楼记》旨在给天下读书人疗病，可惜沉疴未愈，反而弥坚。纵观中国历史，文人士大夫中喊口号最响亮的莫过范仲淹，实际上没有多大作为。 晚年他在地方干了些什么呢？“置田数千亩为义庄”，买了上千亩地，美其名曰“义庄”，用来接济亲族。这岂非偏离了你最初的信念？“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”寄托了伟大的情结，要把国家、民族的利益摆在首位，为国家的前途命运抛头颅洒热血，敢为天下先。然而实际情况令人大失所望，还不是一亩三分地老婆孩子热炕头。此外，范仲淹规劝过的张载也会喊口号，喊得也很响亮：“为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平。”他们喊出了那个时代的最强音，可只是喊一喊而已，并未落到实处。千古一相王安石是明白人，早年对范仲淹比较崇拜，在《祭范颍州文》中说：“呜呼我公，一世之师。由初迄终，名节无疵。”后来王安石洞烛他的本来面目，也有了能力去公正地评价范仲淹：“好广名誉，结游士，以为党助，甚坏风俗。”