Chapter 21 Carrying out the market economy under the conditions of socialism is the only correct choice of our generation

What do you think is the best way to solve these three problems? China is a large country with a large population and a weak foundation. Its development is extremely unbalanced. The influence of the small-scale peasant economy is very extensive and profound. spiritual, material and institutional difficulties and obstacles.Some people say that corruption, "three rural" issues, environmental protection issues, and the gap between rich and poor are all caused by reform and opening up, but I say no.These problems are not caused by advancing reform and opening up, but because reform and opening up have not yet been fully implemented.Specifically, it is the result of the old system's stubborn refusal to withdraw from the stage of history with the support of the old consciousness, and it is the result of the new system not yet established and perfect.In our country, the various powers of the planned economic system are still left, and enterprises and many social activities have been marketized, and the corruption of "power-for-money transactions" will inevitably occur.This kind of systemic corruption is fundamental corruption, and effective political system reform must be carried out to solve it.As for the "three rural" issues, the essence is that the thousands of years of small-scale farmers' production mode can no longer meet the requirements of modernization, that is, industrialization, and the system reform of the agricultural production mode must be carried out.Therefore, if we want to fundamentally solve the problem that the country's high fiscal revenue covers up the low income of the people, the prosperity of the cities covers up the backwardness of the vast rural areas, and the prosperity of some people covers up the poverty of others, we can only rely on further reform and opening up. .Only by speeding up reform and deepening reform, so as to accelerate development and develop in an all-round way, many problems can be easily solved.

Do you really believe that reform and opening up can solve problems?Are you sure that those problems "are not caused by advancing reform and opening up, but that reform and opening up have not yet been fully implemented"?Are you convinced that "institutional reform is the fundamental and huge driving force for economic development"?Why do you so persistently believe: "Reform the system, improve the economy, and continuously promote China's 'peaceful rise'"? China has practiced a planned economy for a long time, and the planned economy has a theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism.At most, we can criticize Stalin for treating Marxism-Leninism dogmatically, or prematurely ending the transition period, and implementing a planned economy beyond the stage, but we cannot accuse him of violating Marxism-Leninism and distorting socialism. The planned economy of the "Stalin model" provides us with at least three basic facts:

1. Under the siege and blockade of international capitalism, the socialist economy of the Soviet Union recovered rapidly in the 1920s, especially the rapid economic development of the Soviet Union in the 1930s, which formed a sharp contrast with the great crisis of the capitalist economy at that time. economic miracle".Moreover, its national power has increased, making the originally backward capitalist Tsarist Russia leap into a world power. 2. Withstood the severe test of the Second World War, the socialist Soviet Union became the main force to bury fascist imperialism and made immeasurable contributions to mankind.

3. Recovery and development after World War II are also most effective.Industrial and agricultural production was restored by self-reliance on the ruins of the war. The first new five-year plan was completed ahead of schedule by 1950. The total industrial output value increased by 73% compared with the pre-war level in 1940, and agricultural production also returned to the pre-war level. 200 million people quickly got food and clothing and moved towards a well-off level. In 1957, the Soviet man-made satellite was put into space, which made the prestige of socialism in the eyes of the people of the world reach its peak.

At that time, few people doubted the superiority of the planned economy.In our country, the only example that can be used for reference after the victory of the revolution is the Soviet Union. It is natural to learn from the Soviet Union and establish a planned economic system with its help.The great achievements of the first five-year plan also proved that the planned economy is very effective.In our country, the planned economy achieved considerable success before the 1960s. This is a historical fact. We must respect history and facts, and analyze problems from this historical fact. It was after the 1960s that the planned economy moved towards self-denial.The achievements of decades of planned economy have made the "Stalin model" an unchangeable and insurmountable basic attribute of socialism.

One step beyond the threshold will be regarded as a new trend of class struggle, ranging from criticism to political persecution. If the "Stalin model" was still adhered to in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, then it was no longer the vigorous "Stalin model" back then, but the rigid "Stalin model".Many problems and many contradictions already existed in the early stage of economic development, that is, the stage of subsistence and clothing. They have been exposed to some extent, but they have not yet become prominent.The advantages of the planned economy at that time still outweighed the disadvantages.However, in the stage leading to a moderately prosperous and prosperous society, and in the tide of the new scientific and technological revolution, the contradictions of the planned economy and the ills caused by them have become more and more serious, and the development of productive forces has become more and more constrained, and it has become a shackle for economic development.These contradictions of the planned economy are inherent and closely related to its basic characteristics, so they are insurmountable.To make the socialist economy reach the stage of moderate prosperity and prosperity, and finally surpass capitalism, the planned economic system must be abandoned.

This is the conclusion of the practice test and theoretical research of socialist construction after the 1960s. The question is, does abandoning the planned economy violate Marxism?Against socialism?In my opinion, there are two basic principles of Marxism, one is to serve the people wholeheartedly, and the other is to seek truth from facts.Since the practice after the 1960s has proved more and more that the planned economy can no longer adapt to the changed world, can no longer create higher labor productivity than capitalism, and can no longer provide enough food and clothing for the people to become well-off and rich. guarantee; why, then, are true Marxists unable to sublate it decisively in time?

Why does "timely and decisive abandonment" of the planned economy mean that we must "accelerate the establishment" of a socialist market economic system? In fact, from the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, from the adoption of the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic System" at the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the adoption of the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic System" at the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The Decision on Some Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System” has been debated on the issue of the market economy.The problem is obvious. The planned economy was fine during the war period, and it was fine during the post-war economic recovery period. At that time, people's requirements were very low, as long as they had enough food and clothing.The planned economy can centrally allocate limited resources to meet the basic survival requirements of the people, which is effective.When it was first liberated, the per capita was only US$1. What is the situation now?Now it's $2,000 per person.People's needs are ever-changing, more and more diversified, more and more rapid growth, more and more difficult to meet, how can you engage in a planned economy?In the first five-year plan, only 100 million U.S. dollars was invested, and it is necessary to invest in any project. Planning is easy to do. Now, trillions of U.S. dollars are invested and tens of thousands of projects are invested. Who has the ability to plan correctly?

Regular things are often recognized by people more clearly through the continuous reciprocation of phenomena. It is precisely from this point that when we find that the practice after the 1960s proves more and more that the planned economy can no longer adapt to the changed world, cannot create higher labor productivity than capitalism, and cannot provide the people with food and clothing to Well-off and rich provide enough guarantees, we have to promptly and decisively sublate it.Deng Xiaoping's statement that "no reform will lead to a dead end" is a scientific conclusion, a conclusion that fully reflects the will of the party and the people.

Some people ask, can't we establish a planned economy that fully reflects market demand and the law of value?Regardless of the fact that this is technically impossible, if this is really done, isn't this planned economy equivalent to a market economy?That being the case, why don't we directly use the market economic mechanism and make it superfluous? !Others ask, can a commodity economy or a market economy last forever?Will communism not eliminate commodity economy or market economy?I think this question should be left to our descendants of more than ten or dozens of generations to answer.I believe that they will be smarter and more creative than us to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the social practice at that time and draw better conclusions.There is no need for us to take over and worry about it now.One generation manages the affairs of another generation.Each generation has its mission.In any case, implementing a market economy under conditions of socialism is the only correct choice for our generation.

Some people say that the planned economy comes from Marx. What Marx advocated is: "Industrial production will not be led by competing factory owners, but by the whole society according to the determined plan and the needs of all members of the society." "The national concentration of the means of production will be the national foundation of a society composed of associations of free and equal producers, who will engage in social labor consciously and according to a common rational plan." It is precisely according to the theory of Marxism that Soviet Russia once practiced "wartime communism" in an attempt to realize communism in one step.However, practice gave a ruthless answer.As a true Marxist, Lenin promptly proceeded from reality and changed to the famous "New Economic Policy" to save the newly born socialist country.If Lenin was dogmatic at that time and insisted on building "communism" according to the books of Marx and Engels, then socialism might have died in the cradle long ago.But let's not deify Lenin either.If we examine Lenin's theoretical views and the implementation of the "New Economic Policy" in an all-round way, it is clear that the "New Economic Policy" is only a change in strategy, not a revision or breakthrough of the planned economic theory.Lenin's views on the socialist economic system completely follow Marxism, and first clearly put forward the concepts of "commodity economy", "product production" and "planned economy".In "State and Revolution", Lenin even conceived specifically that the entire social production operates like a trust.Even under the circumstances of implementing the "New Economic Policy", Lenin did not abandon the planned economy.Lenin's views on the planned economy are not only consistent, but also implemented in specific organizations.The Planning Commission, Economic Commission, and Professional Management Bureau for implementing the planned economy were all established during Lenin's lifetime. However, in your article "From a Planned Economy to a Market Economy", you specifically said that "after the development of the socialist economy has reached the stage of subsistence and clothing from the subsistence stage, it is necessary to replace the product economy, that is, planning, with the commodity economy, or market economy, in a timely manner." Economics—this is the logical conclusion of Marxism". Here is a question that must be answered: how to understand the theoretical conclusion of Marxism-Leninism that socialism must eliminate commodity production and exchange.What Marx studied was commodity production under capitalist private ownership, so he naturally came to the conclusion that commodity production and exchange must be eliminated while eliminating capitalist private ownership.Marx did not experience the practice of production and exchange under socialist public ownership, so naturally he cannot expect him to prepare all the conclusions for us 100 years ago.If you can't draw the Marxist conclusions of your own time based on the basic principles of Marxism and your own practice, then what kind of Marxist are you?What future does Marxism have?What is intriguing is that it was Stalin, the founder of the "Stalinist Model" planned economy, who first revised the conclusion of Marxism's elimination of commodity production and exchange.In the book "Soviet Socialist Economic Problems" written before his death, he has partially acknowledged the necessity of commodity production and exchange under socialist public ownership.He once wrote: "Commodity production and commodity circulation are still necessary things in our country at present, just like when Lenin announced that it was necessary to expand commodity circulation with all his strength about thirty years ago." Here, Stalin is worthy of Marxism. Activists.It is a pity that Stalin did not continue to explore after the beginning. Therefore, we say that if Marx was alive, he would also say that the planned economy does not conform to the laws of history, and he would also think that the market economy can bring infinite productivity.Because it has been proved from practice to theory that it is of course a market economy to develop to a high level of productivity.If you want to modernize, you must develop a market economy, and you must vigorously develop the tertiary industry.The primary industry is agriculture and mining, the secondary industry is the processing industry, and the tertiary industry is the service industry.When the tertiary industry becomes the main industry, of course "white-collar workers" account for the majority, and mental workers account for the majority.The market economy requires science and education to rejuvenate the country and promote the continuous development of the primary productive forces of modern science and technology.Once the primary industry is reduced, there will be fewer and fewer farmers.The secondary industry is also related to farmers.In the past, it was the relationship between farmers and landlords.Landlords exploited peasants, which was a basic feature of feudal society. Peasants rebelled, rebelled, revolted, and changed dynasties, but it was impossible to produce new production relations and a new society.The reason why the feudal society lasted so long was because the old landlords were overthrown and new landlords emerged.The bourgeoisie overthrew the regime of the landlord class. At the same time, through the barbaric "enclosure movement" and "liberation of black slaves" through wars, the peasants were driven out of their homes and turned into cheap free labor.At that time, if a company had a lot of cheap labor, the cost of production would be low, and the company would be competitive and develop.At that time, industrial development depended on cheap free labor.Early capitalism did two things. The first was to overthrow the feudal dynasty and eliminate the landlord class; the second was to cruelly eliminate the peasant class and complete the capitalist system.Many landowners were transformed into capitalists, and all peasants into workers. 3% to 5% of the original farmers stayed to engage in agriculture, but agriculture is also a large-scale social production with division of labor and cooperation, and they are not farmers in essence but agricultural workers.How can we realize socialism if we do not deepen reforms and rely on the market economic system to turn peasants into workers?I am afraid that even capitalism cannot be established, and industrialization cannot be completed.