Chapter 21 The third chapter is that the Fangning nation is not self-reliant, so how can we talk about "globalization"?

From the middle and late 1980s to the present, Professor Fang Ning's walk in the world is different.A scholar who knew Fang Ning very well once said: “In the 1980s, when Chinese people cheered the West one after another, Fang Ning was one of the few who questioned the West and criticized the world with sharp eyes. Fang Ning’s uncompromising and indomitable spirit made him the first Chinese scholar to systematically study and criticize globalization from a non-Western standpoint. The trend of thought laid the theoretical foundation." Fang Ning has always refused to accept all kinds of decorations added to his name by the outside world. He is famous for his low-key and non-flashy style.However, from the 1995 shock caused by the results of his "Chinese Youth Seeing the World" poll, to his 1999 book "China's Road Under the Shadow of Globalization" he predicted that globalization would bring about a "trap of development", In 2003, when he elaborated on the "new imperialist era", all these actions were connected with the awakening and development of the Chinese people's national consciousness and patriotism.Many researchers at home and abroad have always regarded him as one of the outstanding thinkers with distinctive features in China, while relevant departments in the United States have paid attention to him as a leader of contemporary Chinese nationalism.

Fang Ning was born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine in Beijing. In 1977, at the age of 20, he was admitted to Beijing Normal University as a political teacher, and stayed there to teach after graduation. In 1987, he got the opportunity to go to the United States as a visiting scholar.That is, this trip to the United States gave him an insight into the prosperity of the West from the outside to the inside, which brought about profound changes in his thinking. Under the envious eyes of colleagues and family members, he flew to the other side of the ocean with excitement and curiosity.However, as a social science scholar, Fang Ning did not immerse himself in the dream of prosperity in the United States, but carefully observed and understood American society with a sense of responsibility as a scholar.He had the opportunity to visit many states in the United States and extensively contacted people from all walks of life.

Once an American asked Fang Ning: What is your deepest impression of America?Fang Ning said: America is rich.The man asked again: Do you know why America is rich?Fang Ning replied with a self-deprecating: I study political science, and I don't know much about economics.But the man said: This is not a great academic question at all. This is a simple truth that we Americans all know. We in the United States take money from the pockets of people all over the world and put it in our pockets. All right. This seemingly joking conversation had a big shock to Fang Ning.He began to notice the things behind the prosperity and prosperity of the United States, and this may be the beginning of his ability to get out of some consciousness that was common among most intellectuals in China in the 1980s.Starting from this, Fang Ning began to tell us another American story.With its monopoly advantages in capital, technology, and information, the United States occupies the high end of the international economic division of labor. It takes advantage of globalization to earn excess profits from every corner of the world.When the huge economic surplus flowed back to the United States, Americans enjoyed a happy life to the fullest.Thus, an alternative description of globalization "capital flows all over the world, profits flow to the West" has entered the discourse of contemporary China.

The one-year study tour in the United States changed Fang Ning's thinking, and he became heavy.Facing the turbulent tide of globalization, he felt the tremendous pressure that China would encounter.After returning to China, he began to seriously study the development theory of modern capitalism, trying to find a countermeasure for China's socialism. In the mid-1990s, Fang Ning wrote his first academic book "Introduction to the Development of Modern Capitalism". Today, many of his views on globalization and some concepts that have become popular in the Chinese context can be found in Find their prototypes in that book.

Some people say that although "Introduction to the Development of Modern Capitalism" is a treatise on contemporary capitalism, in fact this book reveals his care and thinking on China's issues and China's road from beginning to end.Like all of Fang Ning’s works published in the 20th century, he hardly ever used the word “nationalism”, but his thought is actually the theoretical origin of the nationalist trend of thought in contemporary China. If it is said that the nationalist thought in "Introduction to the Development of Modern Capitalism" is still in its infancy, then in the same year he and Wang Xiaodong and others planned the "Chinese Youth Seeing the World" poll, which is their understanding of the thoughts that were still hidden in the young generation back then. An open excavation and publicity of the nationalist trend of thought in China.

In the 1980s, a kind of what Wang Xiaodong called "reverse racism" emerged in Chinese society. This trend of thought brought deep confusion to that generation.In the 1990s, Chinese people deepened their understanding of the outside world and globalization during the process of opening up, coupled with changes in China's economic and political environment, the social trend of thought gradually changed.Fang Ning, who was originally at odds with the mainstream of Chinese thought circles in the 1980s, and Wang Xiaodong, another scholar who was also thinking hard about the way out of China, were keenly aware of this change in wind direction.They know that it is the youth and the thoughts of the young generation that are decisive for the future, so they thought of conducting a public opinion survey for the youth in order to understand the true views of the contemporary Chinese youth on the world and on China, so as to appeal to the youth and appeal to the youth. The future, in order to cheer up the national spirit of the people. "China Youth Daily" reporter Ma Mingjie agreed with their ideas.

On May 30, 1995, the questionnaire for "Chinese Youth Seeing the World" planned by Fang Ning, Wang Xiaodong and Ma Mingjie was published in China Youth Daily.This is the first large-scale social survey publicly conducted by the Chinese people through newspapers, and it is also the first survey of Chinese citizens' views on international issues, which has received strong responses from the society.Readers responded to the questionnaire on the day it was published. A month later, 120,000 copies of the questionnaire were returned, exceeding 15% of the China Youth Daily’s circulation that year. It was also completely beyond the expectations of Fang Ning and others.

In this survey, among the many questions set by the planners, three questions attracted the most attention: "Which country do you think is the most unfriendly to China?" "Which country do you think has the greatest influence on China?" ?” “Which country do you dislike the most?” The result was unexpected: 75% of the people answered the above three questions with the United States. Because this survey represented the real ideological dynamics of Chinese youth in the 1990s, it caused an uproar in the world. In the report, part of the content of the questionnaire was also reposted, and a special analysis article was used to conduct an in-depth perspective on the survey.These media generally believe that this unexpected public opinion survey in China heralds the awakening of contemporary Chinese national consciousness and an upcoming upsurge of patriotism.

In the continuous bombardment of news, although Fang Ning, one of the main planners, has always refused to accept interviews, he still attracts attention at home and abroad as a news figure.After learning about Fang Ning's experience, some scholars in the United States said with emotion that the experience of the United States did not cultivate Fang Ning into a pro-American scholar, but instead created a Chinese nationalist, which is unpredictable.Someone jokingly said: The United States gave China a nationalist.