Chapter 22 Chapter 20 When will the "feast" of the central enterprise giants end

Democratic equality is a universal value standard, a civilization achievement shared by mankind, and not exclusive to a certain country, nation or political party. The extravagance of some state-owned enterprises makes people question the benefits obtained from the assets and monopoly positions of the whole people. Due to the serious lack of a fair distribution mechanism, they are exclusively enjoyed by a very small number of people. "Our boss's office decoration cost 200,000 yuan!" An accountant of a central enterprise in Beijing told the reporter what she had seen and heard in the unit with surprise. "The office is all high-end office equipment, and it is equipped with a spacious and luxurious bathroom and rest room."

In recent years, the "generosity" of the bosses of some central enterprises, as well as the high income and high benefits of their employees, have always been in the "eye of the storm" of public opinion.The reporter learned that these enterprises are mainly petroleum and petrochemical, metallurgy, communications, coal, transportation and power systems. Relevant experts believe that under the background of monopoly, the huge profit balance of central enterprises is all controlled by themselves, and the lack of scientific distribution system and supervision mechanism has led to excessive consumption and rapid income growth of some central enterprises, further widening the gap with ordinary industries.

Objectively speaking, with the deepening of reforms and the continuous improvement of market mechanisms, ordinary employees in banking, securities, insurance and other industries are gradually fading out of the "double high" halo of high income and high benefits, but monopoly industries such as electricity, telecommunications, tobacco and energy The high income of central enterprises is still widely questioned by the society. The "luxury" feature of some state-owned enterprises is that, on the one hand, they report national losses, and on the other hand, they spend money lavishly.

On August 22, 2006, China Southern Airlines officially launched the fourth set of stewardess uniforms, and nearly 6,000 stewardesses uniformly changed into new clothes.According to reports, the cost of each stewardess' complete "outfit" is nearly 10,000 yuan.The new clothes adopt the design plan of the famous French fashion designer. The production uses high-grade imported fabrics, and the accessories and accessories also use world-renowned brands. "Laierdan" and "Zhenmeishi" brands, socks are "Langsha" brand, and so on. The 6,000 stewardesses will spend about 60 million yuan on a rough calculation.

In the first ten days of the same month, according to the semi-annual bulletin issued by China Southern Airlines, the total loss of China Southern Airlines in the first half of 2006 reached 835 million yuan. Prior to this, on April 10, 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Civil Aviation Administration approved the airline's application again, allowing domestic air ticket fuel surcharges to increase by 50%. This way of spending without considering the cost is heard from time to time. In March 2006, China Unicom made a big move to change the company logo. For a large national company like Unicom with business outlets all over the country, according to industry insiders: "China Unicom has invested hundreds of millions in this change of company logo!"

The high salaries of senior executives in central enterprises, high job consumption, and high income and high benefits for employees have also been questioned by the society.According to conservative estimates by industry insiders, the average annual salary of the heads of some state-owned enterprises is 13.5 times that of employees. If you add in job consumption, public fund consumption, and free cars and other consumption parts, it will be a huge "black hole"!An insider of a central enterprise revealed to the reporter: "It is common for our boss to treat guests with public funds, and a table can cost 10,000 yuan."

In addition to the top executives of central enterprises, ordinary employees also earn high incomes that are higher than the general level of society.The data shows that among the 169 state-owned enterprises under the supervision of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the income of internal employees is significantly higher than that of employees in other industries. 10 times the regional average wage level. The reporter learned that some central enterprises not only overpaid wages, but also overpaid employee benefits. On August 15, 2006, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission announced the performance evaluation results of 166 central enterprises in 2005. Four central enterprises paid high housing subsidies to their employees due to violations of regulations. show punishment.

"It's not that the unit has no money to send out, but it's because it's worried about not being able to find a name." At a friend gathering, a friend who worked in a central enterprise gave an "impromptu speech" while drinking, which opened the eyes of the people present , "Our employees have a monthly reimbursement task, that is, 1,500 yuan for supermarket shopping and 1,000 yuan for car fuel tickets. Completing the task is equivalent to reimbursement of 2,500 yuan. Supermarket receipts are easy to get, but fuel tickets are for employees who do not drive. I said, it’s not so easy to handle. So the leader often criticizes, saying that you don’t even know how to spend money, what are you capable of? I give you 2,500 yuan a month for free and you just work hard. If you really have nowhere to spend, you try to find a friend to find it. Acquaintances get some tickets to make up the number."

Many employees of the central enterprise system also enjoy certain industry privileges, such as free rides for railway employees and free phone calls for employees in the telecommunications industry. Even a subway company in a southern city also offers free tickets for the families of its employees. Why do some central enterprises show such "generosity" everywhere?Some experts said frankly that the key lies in the fact that central enterprises enjoy exclusive access to state-owned capital income, lack of restraint mechanism, and the concept of "only comparing salary, not level" prevails.

According to the information released by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, from January to June 2006, central enterprises realized profits of 351.65 billion yuan, an increase of 16%. For such data, most people are not so excited.Mr. Wu, who works in a private company, told reporters: "They earn so much money, do they give themselves benefits, and it doesn't have much practical significance for ordinary people." The reporter learned that according to the current policy, the after-tax profits of central enterprises belong to them.That is to say, all central enterprises are nominally owned by the whole people, but the public does not enjoy the right to income. No matter how much money a central enterprise makes, it can only become its own "family feast" to a large extent.

"The extravagance of some state-owned enterprises is prevalent, mainly because the current state-owned assets management lacks the necessary monitoring methods." Relevant experts told reporters, "These central enterprises have to be compensated by the state for losses, and use them for themselves. Millions, or even tens of millions." "Many central enterprises rely on state-owned assets and the monopoly of state power, not only occupying the state's land, assets, machinery and equipment, but also occupying the state's monopoly power over product management, pricing power, import rights, and huge profit distribution rights. "Professor Li Chengyan, a doctoral supervisor at the School of Government and Administration of Peking University, believes, "Due to the long-term lack of regulatory systems, the job consumption items of some heads of state-owned enterprises are messy, random expenditures, and management are out of control. In addition, the job-related consumption of heads of state-owned enterprises includes business entertainment, There is also a common problem of 'black box operation' in business travel, equipment and use of official vehicles." The reporter's investigation found that some monopoly enterprises occupy a huge amount of social resources, but maintain a low efficiency.A certain waterworks was preparing to raise the water price due to continuous losses, but the "boss" of the waterworks received an annual salary of 200,000 yuan.High wages, high benefits, eating and drinking with public funds, traveling abroad, private use of public vehicles, etc. are all included in the cost, so the cost will naturally jump up.So, loss-price increase-loss again-price increase again, some monopoly enterprises entered into a terrible "vortex". “Some heads of state-owned enterprises ‘salary increases, and contributions are compared downwards’.” A civil servant in Beijing believes that it should not be “only compared with salary, not with level.” Their own "high salary" policy does not look at other people's economic benefits, advanced management techniques and management concepts. Studies have shown that my country's current Gini coefficient is 0.46, and income distribution is already quite uneven. For this, the monopoly of central enterprises cannot be blamed. "There are many reasons for the unfair distribution of income, but the unequal opportunity caused by monopoly is undoubtedly one of the important reasons. The high income of monopoly industries such as telecommunications, oil, and finance has directly widened the income gap among residents in the whole society." A person unwilling An anonymous expert believes that "high wages and high benefits under monopoly are not conducive to social harmony." To solve this problem, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) needs to perform the duties of an investor on behalf of the whole people. "The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission should earnestly fulfill the rights and obligations of state-owned assets investors, supervise the entire process of state-owned assets, constantly improve the management system, and take effective measures to collect and balance the high profits of monopoly central enterprises, so as to enrich the treasury and use it for the foundation. The construction of facilities and the reform of the national economic system have transformed the private interests of one central enterprise into the welfare of the whole society." Du Liyuan, a lawyer from Beijing Zhongsheng Law Firm, believes that "lax supervision will lead to the loss of state-owned assets, breed corruption, and lead to excessive income gaps , intensify social contradictions, and is not conducive to the harmonious and stable development of society.” "In the absence of a collection system for state-owned capital gains, enterprises have the right to freely dispose of state-owned capital gains." Peng Jianguo, deputy director of the Research Center of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, pointed out, "The income of employees in enterprises with good benefits is constantly expanding, while the employees of difficult enterprises are The decline in income has led to the disadvantages of chaotic distribution within the enterprise, leading to unfair social distribution, and it is hard to get back." More importantly, the high profits and high benefits of monopolizing central enterprises are prone to two economic costs: one is low return on investment and low production efficiency.Such as refining and chemical projects, the more losses, the more production and more investment, resulting in extensive investment growth.As a result, when the enterprise loses money, the state pays the bill and subsidizes it; when the enterprise makes a profit, the enterprise pays high wages and benefits. Some experts pointed out that as early as in the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country proposed to formulate laws and regulations, establish the central government and local governments to perform the duties of investors on behalf of the country, enjoy the rights and interests of owners, and unify rights, obligations and responsibilities, and manage assets and manage assets. A state-owned asset management system that combines people and management.But in practice, the corresponding decision-making is still too slow. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, which performs the duties of investors on behalf of the state, has continuously issued state-owned asset management policies in the past three years. In 2003 and 2004, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission issued the "Interim Measures for the Performance Evaluation of Persons in Charge of Central Enterprises", the "Interim Measures for the Audit Management of Central Enterprises' Economic Responsibility", and the "Interim Measures for the Management of Internal Audit of Central Enterprises". On June 22, 2006, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission announced the "Guiding Opinions on Regulating the Job Consumption of Persons in Charge of Central Enterprises", requiring central enterprises to establish a system and regulations for regulating job consumption by the end of 2006, and strictly implement them from 2007. However, "the biggest right of the SASAC has not been implemented, which is the right to benefit." At the end of 2005, Li Rongrong, director of the SASAC, pointed out at a press conference, "Because the most important right of the investor is the right to benefit." It is reported that the Ministry of Finance and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission have reached an agreement that the Ministry of Finance will be responsible for preparing the overall state-owned capital operation budget, and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission will be responsible for preparing the state-owned capital operation budget for 166 central enterprises. "This will enable central enterprises to no longer be able to enjoy a profit of more than 600 billion yuan a year, but to start handing over the proceeds to the state as the investor." Peng Jianguo believes, "Independent preparation of the state-owned capital operation budget is conducive to the separation of the government as a public managers and as owners of state assets." At the same time, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance recently issued notices requiring enterprises with excessive wage growth and high wage levels to strictly review their linked economic benefit base and total wage base, and lower their floating ratio from 0.75 to 0.6 The following, and strictly implement the method of accruing and accruing wages for new benefits.This notice was dubbed a "salary limit order" by the media. In fact, various reform measures have been put forward a long time ago, but little implementation has been done. According to industry experts, many monopoly companies not only firmly deny their monopoly, but also complain about huge losses and ask the state for preferential policies or financial support. After suffering a series of social accusations about industry monopoly, central enterprises including CNOOC, the Ministry of Railways, China Telecom, etc. have launched a variety of "public relations wars" against all Chinese people. First, launch a "salary cut storm".Under various pressures, the power industry took the lead in shouting the slogan of "salary cuts".It is reported that the power sector will set off a storm of salary cuts, ranging from 30% to 50%, in order to ease the dissatisfaction caused by the excessive income of monopoly industries. However, some experts doubt that when the profits of state-owned enterprises have not been distributed to the state, the storm of "salary cuts" is just a gesture - it will neither move the cheese of monopoly enterprises nor increase the rights and interests of consumers. Second, charitable donations. On October 30, 2006, on the occasion of the 17th anniversary of Project Hope, a central enterprise donated RMB 120 million to the China Youth Development Foundation.It is reported that this is the largest sum of money donated by a state-owned enterprise to Project Hope in the past 17 years. Just on October 25, 2006, the same state-owned enterprise also donated 60 million yuan to the China Disabled Persons Welfare Foundation to fund the foundation's public welfare projects serving the disabled. In just six days, this central enterprise donated 180 million yuan to the society! "A large part of the purpose of such a 'big donation' is related to the eagerness to improve its corporate image." The person concerned made such a positive evaluation, "60 million yuan is used to help the disabled, and 120 million yuan is used for the Hope Project. It’s also an amazing piece of work.” "Under the conditions of a market economy, the distribution of corporate income is entirely a corporate behavior, and the outside world cannot interfere." A civil servant in Beijing was skeptical about this, "The profits obtained by central enterprises are obtained through monopoly and price advantages, and should be turned over to the government. The state treasury is generous to the country’s wealth to build its own image, which cannot be justified by law or reason.” In the subsequent interview with the reporter, 80% of the interviewees had the same opinion as this civil servant. Third, release image advertisements.In the golden desert, in the uninhabited wilderness, an employee stands under the fiery red gas station hall, enthusiastically waiting for every passer-by who may pass by here... In March 2006, this road was "not only focused on corporate interests" The image advertisements with the theme frequently appeared in the prime time after CCTV's "News Network" at 7:00 p.m. "In the past, this was usually a battleground for fiercely competitive daily consumer goods and private entrepreneurs." Associate Professor Yang Zhonghong of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology believes that "state-owned enterprises should not spend huge sums of money on image advertising here. Part of the profit is at the expense of the welfare of consumers. In other words, how can ordinary people foot the bill for part of the huge advertising fees it paid to CCTV?" Fourth, prepare a social responsibility report.It is understood that CNOOC is compiling the 2005 social responsibility report, which will be released to the whole society soon.Prior to this, the State Grid Corporation of China has taken the lead in releasing a social responsibility report, and this is the first time that a large state-owned enterprise has issued a special report on social responsibility. The reporter learned that social responsibility is a framework and concept involving multiple actors such as enterprises, the public, and the community. The formulation of its standards and performance evaluation are naturally inseparable from the joint participation of these subjects. Otherwise, the "self-assessment" Reports are difficult to be objective and truthful. For this reason, many people believe that it is a good thing that relevant companies have launched social responsibility reports one after another, but if it is just a kind of "self-entertainment", it will deviate from the image of state-owned enterprises.In the absence of macro laws and regulations and administrative supervision, the primary problem for large monopoly state-owned enterprises is to solve the bottleneck of long-term development of state-owned enterprises, the restructuring of the management system. The latest "2006 Corporate Social Responsibility Evaluation" ranking released by the US "Fortune" magazine comprehensively considers the performance of 64 world-class companies in terms of management and social responsibility.The ranking shows that Sinopec Group ranks 57th; the second-to-last and the first in the list are both Chinese state-owned enterprises. Whether it's salary cuts, image advertisements, donations to charity, or publication of social responsibility reports, can these measures restore the image of state-owned enterprises?During the reporter's interviews, most interviewees believed that it seemed inappropriate for an enterprise to be busy in the "trend" of brand building and social responsibility if it did not work hard on advanced governance concepts and management systems and achieve results. "The most fundamental thing is to break the monopoly and introduce a competitive mechanism." Zhang Zhuoyuan, a researcher at the Economic Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that "only in this way can we limit the problem of excessive income in monopoly industries from the source." "Profit-seeking is a common feature of enterprises, so don't have illusions about the self-consciousness of monopoly central enterprises. When necessary, the government should split up monopoly central enterprises, introduce competition mechanisms, weaken their monopoly advantages in terms of capital and industry policies, and force them to continue Improve service quality and production efficiency." Du Liyuan believes, "The central government should also speed up the pace of legislation to promote the early promulgation of the "Anti-Monopoly Law", which will fundamentally eliminate the legal possibility of monopoly by some large central enterprises, and make all enterprises equal and orderly. Competition can be guaranteed at the legal level." It is understood that the central government has accelerated the legislative process of the Anti-Monopoly Law. At the end of June 2006, the "Anti-Monopoly Law" (draft) was submitted to the National People's Congress for review, and the State Administration of Taxation also issued the "Measures for Self-declaration of Individual Income Tax (Trial)" on November 6 to strictly monitor high-income earners.Among them, the "Anti-Monopoly Law" (draft) and the "Individual Income Tax Self-declaration Measures" (trial implementation), whether the central enterprises can find a way to break the high wages of monopoly industries is one of the most concerned issues of the people.