Chapter 60 1. The first foreign visit of the leader of the People's Republic of China

On December 6, 1949, a heavy snowfall fell in Beijing, and it was covered in silver.The red flag was flying at Beijing Railway Station, and the atmosphere was warm. Chairman Mao Zedong was wearing a silver-gray Chinese tunic suit, a fedora hat, and an overcoat. He smiled and shook hands with the people who saw him off. With a long whistle, the special train slowly drove out of the platform and headed for the distant northern country—the Soviet Union. This was the first time that the Communist Party of China and senior Chinese leaders visited abroad after the founding of New China, and it was also the first time in Mao Zedong's life that he went abroad.

The purpose of Mao Zedong's trip to the Soviet Union was to celebrate Stalin's 70th birthday, and to visit and visit the Soviet Union. The negotiations on the treaty and agreement between the two parties and the two countries of China and the Soviet Union will be handled by Zhou Enlai, Premier and Foreign Minister. In fact, starting from 1948, Mao Zedong conveyed his desire to visit the Soviet Union to the Soviet side many times, but until the founding of New China, the leaders of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, including Stalin, were not very clear about the situation in China, especially the Chinese Communist Party. Some policies different from those of the Soviet Communist Party were skeptical, so Mao Zedong's visit to the Soviet Union was delayed.In view of the international situation and the objective needs of China's revolution and construction, Mao Zedong judged the situation and made a decisive decision. When the new China was proclaimed and the new government was facing a lot of troubles, he put the development and establishment of a brand-new Sino-Soviet relationship in an important position. He also did the work himself, and finally decided on the schedule of his visit to the Soviet Union.

At 6 pm on the day Mao Zedong arrived in Moscow, Stalin met with Mao Zedong in the Kremlin.The meeting went smoothly and the atmosphere was harmonious.Stalin cautiously asked Mao Zedong while talking and laughing: "You have come from a long distance this time, and you can't go back empty-handed. Should we make something?" In fact, before Mao Zedong came to Moscow, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had already prepared to sign a new Sino-Soviet agreement The idea of ​​the treaty was also the most important date of Mao Zedong's visit to the Soviet Union, but Mao Zedong was unwilling to directly raise this issue.After hearing Stalin's proposal, Mao Zedong looked at the people around him and said, "This time I came here to accomplish a certain task. I should produce something. It must be both beautiful and delicious!"

Shi Zhe, who served as Mao Zedong's translator, understood what the chairman meant.As a translator, he must be faithful to the original meaning as much as possible, but the Soviet side will definitely not understand the literal translation.In desperation, Shi Zhe had no choice but to explain: "Looking good means that the form is good-looking and high-sounding; delicious means that the content is tasty and real." But the Soviets were still baffled.Mao Zedong said that he planned to invite Zhou En to come to Moscow.But Stalin asked back in puzzlement: "If we are not sure what to accomplish, what can Zhou Enlai do?" Mao Zedong believed that Stalin understood his thoughts and needs, and was willing to discuss the treaty issue. The Chinese revolution should take the initiative to propose the content of help. If you don’t mention it, you will lack the sincerity to help. Why should you humbly beg others?

For several days after that, Mao Zedong stayed in the villa sullenly, uneasy physically and mentally, and his mood was very unstable.Seeing that the new year was coming, on this day, Mao Zedong called Kovalev and said loudly to him: "You called me to Moscow without doing anything, why did I come? Do you come here just to eat, shit, and sleep every day?" Kovalev immediately reported the situation to Stalin.At the same time, since Mao Zedong had not reported any public activities in Moscow for many days, various speculations began to appear in international public opinion. A Western news agency even fabricated news that Stalin had put Mao Zedong under house arrest.In view of this situation, Stalin had to reconsider Mao Zedong's request to sign a new Sino-Soviet treaty.

On January 20, 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China arrived in Moscow. On January 22, after careful preparations, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai held talks with Stalin.During the talks, Mao Zedong talked about his considerations for the New Treaty, and believed that the friendly relations between China and the Soviet Union should be fixed by means of treaties and agreements, the content of ensuring the prosperity of the two countries should be fixed, and it should be stipulated that Japan must be prevented from aggression again. The atmosphere of the talks was harmonious, and both Mao Zedong and Stalin tried their best to show the sincerity of friendship and cooperation.

Under the historical conditions at that time, the signing of the new treaty and other agreements between China and the Soviet Union played a vital role in ensuring the security of both China and the Soviet Union, maintaining peace in the Far East and the world, strengthening the friendship between the people of China and the Soviet Union and promoting the cause of socialist construction in both countries. Significance.