The 19th-century German novelist Theodor Storm (Theodor Storm, 1817-1888), according to the traditional view of literary history, was not as "outstanding" as Kleist and Keller before, and not as "outstanding" as Fonta later. Mann and Thomas Mann were "great," but Sturm was actually more popular than all of them.This situation is particularly evident in China: Sturm is undoubtedly one of the most beloved and influential foreign writers since the May Fourth Movement, while Kleist and other works have been little known for a long time.Even so, we only translate a lot for a writer like Sturm, and we can't talk about any in-depth research.What kind of writer is Sturm?What are the characteristics of his creation?Why are his works so popular in our country?This paper intends to conduct a preliminary exploration of these issues.

The period from 1840 to 1890 was the period of so-called Poetic Realism (Poetischer Realismus) in the history of German literature.Many German writers of this period, including Sturm, differed from the Romantics who focused on describing the "night side" of life in the past, and the Young Germans who flaunted their "inclination to literature". It is different from the naturalist who makes a trivial and mechanical description of social life.They are oriented toward life and reality, but due to the limitations of the slow development of German society and the weakness of bourgeois politics, most of them can only objectively reflect the part of the reality they come into contact with, intentionally or unintentionally avoiding major social and political themes, Trying to find out the so-called poetry from ordinary things, but lacks great vision and ambition.According to some theorists at the time, there were poetic elements or moments (einzelne Momentevonpoetischem Interesse) even in extremely poor daily life.It is up to the writer to limit and concentrate his attention on these factors and moments, thus reproducing a certain poetic aspect (einepoetische Seite) in banal social phenomena.

Writers of poetic realism have realized these propositions to varying degrees and created a large number of excellent works.Although most of these works avoid the major struggles of the times and society, and have relatively narrow contact with life, they do not all lack the depth of reflecting reality in some parts, and deliberately seek work in the art of writing, so they are full of great expressiveness and Strong appeal.Most of the writers in this period were good at writing lyric poems and short stories (Novelle), and the achievements of the latter were more prominent.In the history of the development of German short stories, an unprecedented peak was formed at this time.As a small branch of the trend of realism that rose in the whole of Europe at that time, German poetic realism had its own advantages and achievements that cannot be ignored, and produced some world-influential writers such as Keller, Sturm, and Fontana. .

Sturm is an outstanding representative of poetic realism. The strengths, strengths and weaknesses of this genre are clearly and concentratedly reflected in his creations.He began his creation by writing lyric poems, and published "Poems" in 1853.Most of his poems describe peaceful and harmonious family life, praise the beautiful nature of his hometown, and have a fresh, graceful and beautiful style full of folk songs.He was deeply influenced by Goethe, Heine, Eichendorf and Morik in his creation, and considered himself the "last lyric poet" who inherited the fine tradition of German poetry.Ten years after his death, Fontana also said: "As a lyric poet, he is at least among the three or four best after Goethe." Still in novels and short stories.During the forty years from 1847 to 1888, he wrote a total of 58 novels, which is not a large number, but there are many famous novels among them.Today, Sturm still enjoys a world reputation, mainly due to his popular novels and short stories such as "The Rider on the White Horse".

At this point, we will naturally ask questions: What are the specific characteristics of Sturm's novels?What are the reasons why they have become excellent works and have been loved by readers from all over the world for a long time? According to the changes of the writer's situation and the development of his thoughts, we generally divide his novel creation into three periods: early, middle and late.However, between the three periods, some common features are evident throughout. Let me talk about the ideological content of the work first.Like most poetic realist writers, Sturm intentionally or unintentionally avoids the major struggles of the times and society in his creation, and devotes himself to finding the so-called poetry from the ordinary life of ordinary people.Most of his novels are about love, marriage, and family life, and the protagonists are ordinary people such as citizens, college students, craftsmen, farmers, and small and medium-sized bourgeoisie in urban and rural areas.

When we commented on Sturm in the past, almost without exception, we judged his works as "mostly confined to the scope of personal life and family, and did not touch the major social and political issues at that time" as the writer's shortcoming, and used this as a According to the basis, it is hasty to draw the conclusion that Shi Jiamu's works are not deep enough and not classic enough.Numerous examples in the history of Chinese and foreign literature prove that this is not correct; it should be known that whether a work is profound and classic does not depend on what the writer writes, but on how he writes it.After a more serious study of Sturm's main works and their circulation, the author believes that he mostly writes about love, marriage, and family life, which may be the reason why he is loved by many readers.Although such subjects are ordinary, they are familiar to readers, so it is not easy to write well; but as long as they are well written, they can touch the hearts of thousands of readers from all ages and different nationalities, because love, marriage and family problems are undeniably important. The universal significance of transcending the era and crossing national boundaries is easy for readers to understand and accept.On the whole, Sturm's creation is undoubtedly successful, and has reached a considerable depth in reflecting social life.The author has the following two reasons for saying this: first, Sturm uses love, marriage and family themes to write about social changes, reflecting the style of the times.This is very true in those masterpieces with a broader social life background, such as "In the University", "Poller the Puppeteer", "Kirsch and Son", "The Man with Two Shadows" and "The Rider on the White Horse". clearly.They either reflect the transformation of human relations during the transition from feudal patriarchal society to capitalist society, or they write about the struggle between old and new ideas.It is precisely because of this that we paid more attention to such works in the past.Second, even in some works that seem to only write about personal life and family relationships, Sturm also discusses issues such as ethics, morality, the meaning of life, and family education, giving the works richer connotations.Such works, such as "Late Blooming Rose", "Swallow Language", "Three-Colored Stepmother Flower", "A Silent Musician" and so on, also have profound meaning.In addition to the above two types of novels, Sturm has indeed written some short stories that can only be regarded as sketches of life scenes.But on the whole, his creations really reflect the German society in the second half of the nineteenth century, especially the social outlook in some remote areas; Wonderful landscape paintings of the period of disintegration under the impact of communism.In the past, we often thought that their sentiments were low and gloomy, but this was inevitably caused by the era and environment in which the author lived, and it just reflected the social reality and the psychological state of ordinary intellectuals after the failure of the revolution in 1848.We have no reason to judge German writers who lived in the nineteenth century harshly by today's standards.

However, the reason why Sturm's novelettes and short stories are widely circulated and loved by thousands of readers of different ages and different nationalities, and why we still pay attention to them today is mainly due to his outstanding artistic achievements. It also lies in his distinctive, unique and beautiful artistic style. In terms of style, we can roughly use 1870 as the boundary to divide Sturm's novel creation into two periods.The early works are representative, focusing on the creation of artistic conception, the rendering of atmosphere and the expression of lingering emotions, but often lack of coherent and vivid plots, rigorous and tight structures, and intense and tense conflicts.For example, it only uses fragments of the protagonist’s memories that are not directly related to tell us about his unfortunate love experience. It is quite different from the line structure of traditional novels, but somewhat similar to the montage technique of fast-paced modern movies. However, the expression of emotion is both subtle and strong.Other early works, such as "Marthe and Her Clock", "A Green Leaf" and "Late Roses", also don't have many plots, but are just lyrical sketches with profound artistic conception and deep emotion. The first thought-provoking and touching lyric poems.The later works are represented by "The Rider on the White Horse", which focuses on the portrayal of the characters' personalities, with a rigorous and dramatic structure, a plot with twists and turns, and euphemistic and moving details.However, whether it is the early stage or the late stage, almost all of Sturm's successful works have a common feature, that is, they are always covered with a layer of light mist that is often seen on the shore of the North Sea, the author's hometown, permeated with a kind of desolation and softness. poetic.The difference is that the former is more like a lyric poem, and the latter is more like a narrative poem.For example, the late "Twin Shadow Man" (1886) narrated the unfortunate life of an unemployed man with affectionate pen. The forest officer in the novel couldn't help sighing after hearing it: "It's really a poem. Ah." Another example is the great Russian novelist Turgenev, who wrote to the author after reading "She Came From the Other Side of the Ocean" (1865): "Your novel is really delicate and beautiful to the extreme, and it revolves around the character of Jenny. , filled with a very special poetic fragrance, writing the fragment of the night when I saw the statue of Venus, can be regarded as a small masterpiece." The great German novelist Hai Ze, commenting on his entire creation: "In order to characterize Theodor Sturm's novels simply and clearly, I know of no better way than to call them the novels of a lyric poet." statement."

How could Sturm write novels so poetic? In addition to the fact that he is a lyric poet with a poetic talent, so his writing often reveals abundant and warm emotions, the author thinks there are the following reasons: First of all, Sturm often writes about his own experience, that is, the part of reality that he can touch.For example, Elizabeth in Dreams and Jenny in She Comes from the Other Side of the Ocean are both the incarnations of a girl named Bertha whom he loved passionately when he was young; Musician", in the words of Sturm himself, "is born in the most sacred depths of my own heart, and this silent musician is my beloved son..." Moreover, most of the places where the stories take place are in On the coast of the North Sea, many novels (such as "Swallow Language" and "Two Shadows") are full of nostalgia for hometown, which is a reflection of the state of mind of Sturm, who loves his homeland and has been living in other places for a long time.Emotion is the life of poetry; all of Sturm's successful works are written with deep emotion, and poetic flavor emerges spontaneously.

Second, but equally important, is that Sturm tried hard to discover poetry in the ordinary reality, and firmly believed that as long as the writer has enough skills, he can also create "the highest poetry" in the form of novels and short stories. .Therefore, he devoted his life to the creation of medium and short stories, but declined the persuasion of his friends and did not write any novels.In his works, he often writes about kind people, ordinary and ordinary people; he often writes about their beautiful emotions, such as love, friendship, longing and love for their hometown and homeland, etc., but because of the ordinary , Ordinary, we feel familiar and friendly when we read it; just because of kindness and beauty, we will unknowingly resonate and be infected. Then there will be the feeling of being slightly forward and even intoxicated after reading a good poem.

Finally, it cannot be ignored that Sturm has a profound artistic attainment and strives for perfection.His language is simple and beautiful, and his descriptions of scenery are vivid and natural. He is especially good at setting off the atmosphere with scenery and creating artistic conception.His descriptions of night, sea, and forest are best.He is accustomed to using flowers, trees, birds and birds as symbols of thoughts and feelings. For example, "Mug Dream Lake" uses white water lilies to symbolize happiness that is elusive, and "Man with Two Shadows" uses honeysuckle flowers that are not afraid of frost to symbolize loyalty. Love, and the melody of the swallows in "Swallows" vividly renders the protagonist's longing for his hometown and relatives.In addition, Sturm often adopts the method of writing flashbacks, allowing the protagonist to face the readers and express his feelings directly.He is also accustomed and good at embedding folk songs and passionate verses full of North German local flavor in the stories, such as "According to my mother's wish / I have chosen another husband / Everything I loved before / Now I get Forget everything/I really don't want to", and "When I return/When I return/Everything is empty..." at the end of "Swallow Language".This not only plays a finishing touch to the theme of the novel, but also adds a poetic atmosphere.

All of the above make Sturm's successful works full of poetic and poetic flavor.In short, Sturm is worthy of being an outstanding representative of the so-called poetic realism unique to German literature; his works can indeed be called poetic fiction.In German, short stories, and even in the forest of short stories in the world, Sturm's works have their own distinctive personality and characteristics; because of these characteristics, they have been circulated in the past and are still valued today. In our country, Sturm has long been loved by a wide range of readers, and its enthusiasm has even surprised some German friends.The issue of Sturm's acceptance in China naturally attracted the attention of many scholars in China and Germany; and to clarify this issue, it is best to start with his representative works. How much do you know about translations! In the past, the number of translations was generally estimated at between six and seven.In fact, including Taiwan Province and Hong Kong, the total number of translations I know has reached 22, and there may be omissions.The number of translations of "The Sorrows of Young Werther", which is well known to all people in our country and has far-reaching influence, is no more than that.Coincidentally, its first translation, like "The Sorrows of Young Werther", was also written by Guo Moruo.The difference is that it was a joint translation, but it came out one year earlier than "The Sorrows of Young Werther", that is, it was first published by the Shanghai Taidong Bureau on June 1, 1921. It can be regarded as the life of the great translator Guo Moruo. The first important achievement of translation activities.There is also a preface by Yu Dafu before the translation.This book was subsequently republished by different publishing houses. The "Taidong" family alone had printed as many as fourteen editions by November 1931, which shows how popular it is.Regarding the situation of translating this book, Guo Moruo made a vivid memory in "Ten Years of Creation·Student Times". After Guo's translation, Tang Xingtian (1922), Zhu Xie (1927), Zhang Yousong (1930), Sun Xihong (1932), Wang Xiang (193 3), retranslations of Shi Ying (1936), Liang Yuchun (1940) and Ba Jin (1943), etc., also had a certain influence.Ba Jin’s translation is included in the book "The Roses That Bloom Lately" published by Cultural Life Publishing House. In September 1943, he wrote in the postscript to this book: When I was studying German ten years ago, I recited Theodor Storm's (Theodor Storm, 1816-1888) "Late Blooming Rose", and later read his "Lake of Bees". The Chinese translation of "Bee Lake" (that is, Mr. Guo Moruo's translation) was read in my hometown twenty years ago. I can't write Sturm's articles, but I like his writing style.When I was in Shanghai the year before last, I bought a complete set of his works.It is very precious to me, and I take it out and read it when I have time.Although I haven't read German well yet, in order to learn to read German books, I have also translated several Stum's novels. This year, I borrowed a copy of Sturm's "Summer Stories" from a friend. When I was tired of writing articles in the evening, I took it out to read aloud at will, and sometimes translated a few paragraphs with my pen. Bee Lake" has been translated, and several shorter works have also been translated. Now I have selected three articles including "Bee Lake" and compiled them into a small collection.I don't want to introduce him to the general readership.But for some weary souls, this beautiful writing style, simple structure, and pure feelings may be able to give a little comfort. In this quotation, Ba Jin not only talked about the situation before and after the translation, but also reviewed the various relationships he had with Sturm (this issue will be discussed in detail later).Ba Jin's translation was published relatively late, but it had a great influence. Not only was it reprinted many times before liberation, but it was also rearranged in Hong Kong Nanhua Bookstore in 1966; it was included in Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House in 1978. In the three-volume printed "Foreign Short Stories", China won a large number of readers in China, which was still suffering from spiritual famine not long after the "Gang of Four" was defeated.The year before last, as the last and youngest translator so far, I was asked to re-translate.In the course of my work, I still got a lot of inspiration from Balao’s old translation from forty years ago. In our China, is there any foreign short story that is translated repeatedly like this, and at the same time has such famous translators as Guo Moruo, Ba Jin, Liang Yuchun, etc.?With the author's ignorance, I really don't know. If there are too many translations, translators will inevitably have differences on the understanding of the original text, the expression of the translated text, and maintaining the style of the original work. Generally speaking, the re-translator always thinks that he is better than the previous translator. It caused controversy.A short article titled "Mushroom Dream Lake" in Tang's translation of "Shuhua·Yanlu of Yishu Jingyan" can give us a glimpse of the bustling scene of the year, and the excerpt is hereafter: Guo Moruo is proficient in German, and once translated a volume of the original work of German Sturm with Qian Junxu... It is well-known in the world. When I read it in my early years, I was deeply moved and impressed, no less than "The Sorrows of Young Werther". There are many translations of this book; Tang Xingtian's translation is available in the Commercial Press, titled "Yimen Lake"; (Zhu Quanqi) pointed out in the preface that the Tang translation was sluggish and difficult to read, and it was actually inferior to Guo's translation.But Guo Yi also made mistakes, and pointed out that there are 15 articles that can be discussed.Finally, Beixin Bookstore has an English-Chinese bilingual version, which was translated by Luo Mu. In the preface, it attacks Guo Qianhexuan's translation, calling it unreliable.Early translators often held this attitude, but in fact they were based on different original texts, and Luo's translation was both English and Chinese.Translated according to the English version, it is difficult to believe it as history. When it comes to the reasons for differences and disputes, Mr. Tang Tao's point is of course correct.However, in addition to this, the more important thing is that the translation standards held by the translators are different, and sometimes there are even differences between literati and mutual envy; the influence of the habits of the times.For example, Zhu Xie’s translation is also based on the German text, but the author listed in the preface that Guo’s translation has “fifteen things that can be discussed”. Deeper, more correct, more natural and smooth expression. The controversy that surrounded that year was, on the bright side.It also reflects the active thinking in the literary world, and there are no or few situations where celebrities can only be praised but not criticized.Furthermore, regarding Guo Moruo's translation of "Mushroom Dream Lake" and Tang Xingtian's translation of "Yimen Lake" and the title of the book, Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu of the Creation Society, and Shen Yanbing and Zheng Zhenduo of the Literary Research Association, etc. There was a heated debate among the generals, which is even more meaningful in literary history from today's perspective.On June 22, 1922, Guo Mo wrote a criticism of "The Translation of "Yimen Lake" and Others" (published in the second issue of the first volume of "Creation Quarterly"). On September 1 of the same year, Shen Yanbing published it in " The Supplementary Journal of Current Affairs "Literary Xunkan" refuted it with "Half a Catty Eight Liang", and then Guo Moruo published "The Repercussion of Response" (included in Guo Moruo's "On Literature and Art") in the third issue of the first volume of "Creation Quarterly", so you Come and go, lasted for a while.Today, we absolutely do not need to judge the merits of this debate.It’s just that Guo’s translation is better than Tang’s translation, which seems to be true; Zhu Xie also said in the preface to his translation of Yiming Lake that Tang’s translation has “sluggish sentences...in fact, it’s inferior to Guo’s translation; Profound and long, it can be said to be a rare article in the translation."As for the title of the book, it is far better than "Yimen Lake".The three characters of Yinmenghu can arouse people's associations, are full of poetic flavor, and completely conform to the interest and style of the original work. It is no wonder that they can stand the test of time and become the official translation half a century later, and will be translated later. handed down with the work itself.Although there is no such thing as Yinmeng Lake in real life, since the "May 4th Movement", it has been rippling in the dreams of thousands of infatuated men and women in our country from time to time. To "In the Woods" This novel is divided into ten sections, each section has a subtitle, and the title of the third section is "In the Forest".In 1925 Zhou Quanping, a writer from the Creation Society, published a novella also titled "In the Forest" (included in "Smile in a Dream").Is there any connection between "In the Forest" and "In the Forest"?Definite answer: yes.Moreover, this connection is not limited to the similarity of the two titles, but also exists between the content, form and even the mood of the two novels. Zhou Quanping’s novels are also divided into short paragraphs, but there are only two more paragraphs. The titles and content of each paragraph are as follows: In the forest: the description of lake, mountain and forest, a scene of late autumn. Twilight: An old man who was poor and sick sat by the tomb in the forest and recalled the past, "At that time, his absent-minded eyes gradually shot to the desolate tomb. Suddenly, a dying ray of light came out from the dry eyes... ...a beautiful and interesting game of fate unfolds in the forest on a bleak, sad autumn night." When they were children, Xian Zhou and Lu Ping were childhood sweethearts, "we get together every day, and we are already as intimate as a young couple". Aunt's house: Lu Ping broke up with Xianzhou when she was twelve, and reunited with Xianzhou when she was eighteen. She was already a "delicate" girl, but was betrothed by her stepmother to her rich cousin Li. By the lake: Xianzhou and Luping complained to each other. Qiu Yu: Lu Ping made a complaint: "The newcomer, the senior brother of Mr. Li's family, has punctured my fantasy... The magnificent rich man took everything from me under the mask of ethics. Ah! Cruel Etiquette took everything from me." A foreign land: During the Lantern Festival, Xian Zhou, who was wandering in a foreign land, received a letter from his cousin, telling him that Lu Ping had married into the Li family. Festival: In the club, the singing girl was bullied by the nobleman, and Xianzhou complained. Moonlit night: Xianzhou meets a woman who sings a song, listen to her sing: There is no man, a thousand suns are red / Flowers have no hundred days. / Be a monk for a day and hit the clock for a day / The clock hits the void... Aunt's House: Reunited with Lu Ping, who was abandoned by her body. Smile: Farewell, with heart.The singing of Shannong came from afar... Dusk: The old man sits alone in the forest, recalling the past. Anyone who has some knowledge of this novel can easily find that Zhou Quanping's "In the Forest" is very similar to it.This is not only manifested in major aspects such as the theme, storyline, technique of expression, chapter structure, etc., but also the subtitle and many details; China, therefore, added some characteristics of China and the times.However, the theme of opposing arranged marriages and feudal ethics is directly uttered by the protagonist, and the whole atmosphere is more melancholy, and the Lantern Festival is used instead of Christmas, the club is used instead of the cellar hotel of the city hall, and the song girl is used instead of the gypsy girl. Replace the singing of the shepherd boy with the singing of the mountain farmer, and replace "Ah today, today / I am So beautiful/Ming Dynasty, alas, Ming Dynasty/Everything will pass away..." Such changes and differences cannot conceal but more clearly reveal a fact: Zhou Quanping's "In the Forest" is indeed an imitation . From to "In the Woods", this outstanding example further proves the huge and far-reaching influence of Sturm in our country: it not only has many translations, but is loved by readers, and is not only favored by some founders of new literature in our country. It has left records in the history of modern literature, and specifically and directly affected the creation of writers. Why is Shijiamu so popular in China? Besides, Sturm's other masterpieces "The Rider on the White Horse", "The Drowned Man", "Paul the Puppeteer", "In the University", "The Man with Two Shadows" and "Swallow Language", etc., have also long been popular in our country. There are many translations, which are also loved by thousands of readers in different periods.Moreover, Zhou Quanping is probably not the only Chinese writer who had a relationship with Sturm and was inspired by him in thought and creation.Let’s just talk about Ba Jin. He read Guo Moruo’s translation before 1923; ten years later, when he was studying German, he read the original text and recited “Late Blooming Roses”; in 1940, he bought a copy in Shanghai The complete works of Sturm, "It is very precious", "Take it out and read it when you have time"; in 1943, I translated "The Late Blooming Rose" and other works I particularly liked, and compiled them into a collection publishing.After more than 20 years of dealing with each other, and being so "precious" and loved, can it be possible not to be influenced by subtle influences?Although my understanding of Ba Jin is very superficial, I also vaguely feel that there are some similarities between his own creations and Sturm's creations. If relevant experts do in-depth research, they will definitely find something.In short, on the whole, Sturm is undoubtedly one of the most popular foreign writers in our country. The question now is how this German novelist who lived and created in the last century can win our modern Chinese readers and even writers. Where is your heart? To answer this question, first let us take a look at the evaluation of Sturm by several senior writers; Yu Dafu admired Sturm's novels very much, and translated an article "Maldai and Her Bell". He called Sturm a first-class "immortal writer". (See "Idle Books", "Charle's Centennial Birthday") Tang Xingtian praised Shi Dumu's writing style as "concise and old-fashioned, without the smell of deliberately seeking work, but describing the scene, lifelike, really reaching the natural and wonderful realm". (Preface to translation of "Yimen Lake") Li Shu believes that "Two Shadows" "describes the life of the worker John, with precision and vividness, and it describes the anguish of life, love and social environment, which can be regarded as a specimen of beautiful art." ("Love and Society. Preface") Ba Jin called Sturm's novels "elegant" in writing, "simple" in structure, and "pure in emotion," saying they could comfort "a weary soul." (Postscript to "The Rose That Blooms Late") Zhu Xie said, "Being good at the description of 'outside' can make up for the shortcomings of the former (referring to Chinese novels) in terms of nature and scenery; but the depth of emotion and the superb thinking can keep pace with it, and it is even worse." (Preface to the translation of "Yiming Lake") Except for the far-fetched exaggeration of Zhu Xie's exaggeration, the above-mentioned predecessors' comments on Shi Dumu are quite pertinent, especially Ba Jin's three points of clear writing, simple structure, and pure emotion are very accurate.What they have in common lies in emphasizing the high artistic achievement of Sturm, which just confirms the author's argument in the first part of this article, that is, "The reason why Sturm is Sturm is the reason why Sturm's novels and short stories are so extensive. In order to spread, it is loved by thousands of readers of different ages and different nationalities", the main reason is his "clear, unique and beautiful artistic style".In fact, many readers in our country are particularly obsessed with Sturm because of the unique artistic beauty and poetic flavor. In addition, there is another important reason, that is, in terms of subject matter and theme, Sturm’s creation mainly reflects the disintegration of feudal patriarchal society and the transition to capitalist society, while my country’s “May 4th "In the future, it will be almost the same stage.Whether it is family ethics or social, economic and political issues that Sturm raises in his novels, they are also the practical issues in our country, and are particularly easy to be concerned and understood by our readers.For example, his anti-arranged marriage as the theme just expresses the aspirations of a generation of young men and women who yearn for freedom in love under the oppression of feudal ethics, so it can be widely circulated and has won a great reputation for his works in our country.In the past, when we talked about the limitations of Schehem, we often said that most of his novels are romantic and romantic, with a heavy petty bourgeois sentiment, and this is undoubtedly true.It can be further pointed out here that it is this sentiment that has attracted a considerable number of readers, especially readers before liberation.Because the reading circles in our country before liberation were obviously dominated by petty bourgeois intellectuals.It can also be considered that our entire spiritual temperament and ideological taste, that is, what Westerners call Mentalitat, as well as our cultural level (these are of course determined by our country's historical traditions and social development), all make it easy for us to accept and accept I like Sturm, and writers like Sturm. Today, the reason why we still pay attention to Sturm's novels is mainly because it has some features that are rare in the forest of short stories in the world, mainly because of its rich poetic flavor and artistic beauty.Such features are worthy of careful study and reference by our writers, and such artistic beauty can be savored and appreciated by our readers. Twelve years ago, Jiangsu People's Publishing House published the author's translation of "Selected Poetic Novels of Shidumu", which was well received by experts and welcomed by the reading circle.Now, two representative masterpieces such as "The Rider on the White Horse" have been added to form the current collection.When translating, the author tried to maintain the characteristics of Sturm's novels, and thought that my own writing style also conformed to the author's style, but the actual effect may not be ideal. I sincerely hope to receive advice and criticism from experts and readers at home and abroad.