Chapter 13 Twelfth Lecture: Examples of Dreams and Their Analysis

Do not be disappointed if I continue to tell you fragments of dream-interpretation and do not invite you to participate in the interpretation of long dreams.You would think that, after long preparations, I could always hope to interpret a long dream; or that after I had satisfactorily interpreted thousands of dreams, I should have given many good examples long ago to prove my understanding of dreams. Understanding of work and dream thoughts.This is of course correct, but to satisfy your wish, there are still many difficulties. First, I must confess that we never make dream-interpretation our main task.Under what circumstances, then, do we come to interpret dreams?Sometimes we may study a friend's dreams without a specific purpose, or study our own dreams for a long time, just as training for psychoanalytic work.We have mainly studied the dreams of neurotics undergoing psychoanalytic treatment.The richness of material provided by the dreams of these people is no less than that of ordinary people. However, the main purpose of interpreting their dreams is treatment. Once we can obtain things that are beneficial to treatment from these dreams, we will no longer explain them one by one. .Another layer is that many dreams in therapy are completely inexplicable, because they originate in unconscious material, of which we do not yet understand, and so there is no understanding of dreams until the full effect of therapy. possible.In order to discuss these dreams, it is necessary to reveal all the secrets of neurosis; this is impossible for us, because we only talk about dreams in order to prepare for the study of neurosis.

I now wish that you would voluntarily abandon this material and engage in the interpretation of dreams of ordinary people or of your own.However, the content of these dreams is not allowed to be interpreted.If the interpretation of dreams is thorough, then there will be no taboos, which neither you nor your friends will tolerate; because you already know that dreams often intrude into the most secret parts of the personality.In addition to this difficulty arising from the material of the dream, there is another difficulty concerning dream-telling.You must know that the dreamer himself seems to be surprised by the dream, and others who do not understand the personality of the dreamer will feel even more surprised.There is no lack of elaborate and detailed analysis of dreams in the works of psychoanalysis; there are also parts of the analysis that I have published that can be used to explain the course of pathological symptoms.Perhaps the best example of dream interpretation is that published by Ranke on the analysis of two related dreams of a young girl.The account of these dreams occupies about two pages, and the account of the analysis occupies seventy-six pages.To go into detail, I'm afraid it will take a whole semester.If we choose a long and disguised dream, we will have to interpret it multiple times, turn all this material into the form of associations and recollections, and bypass it for corroboration. In this way, one lecture will not be enough. Still less enough to have a clear overall idea of ​​the dream.I must ask you to take it easy, if I choose the easier method and sketch a few passages from the dreams of neurotics, in which this or that isolating feature can be discerned.Symbols are the easiest to point out, followed by a certain feature of the retrogression of dream representations.I will tell you why the following dreams are worth telling.

Once there was a dream consisting of only two sketches: the dreamer's uncle was smoking, even though it was a Saturday--a woman was stroking the dreamer as if he were a child. Regarding the first picture, the dreamer is a Jew and said that his uncle is a very devout Christian. He has never smoked on the Sabbath, and he will never do so in the future.The woman in the second picture only reminds the dreamer of his mother.The ideas of the two pictures are clearly related; but how?Since he made it clear that his uncle would never have actually been able to act in the dream, the word "if" was immediately introduced. "If my uncle, being such a pious man, also smoked on the Sabbath, then I might as well be hugged by my mother." is strictly prohibited.You will remember that I said that all the relations in the dream-thoughts are destroyed in the dream-work; the dream-thoughts are split into their raw material, and the dream-interpretation consists in making up these relations which have been deleted. enter.

2. My discussion of dreams has made me almost a public consultant of dreams in the society. Over the years, people from all walks of life have written about dreams and asked for my opinions.These people provided me with sufficient material to make it possible for me to interpret dreams, and sometimes they voluntarily proposed an interpretation, and I can only thank them of course.The following dream of a medical student in Munich, dated from 1910, falls into this category.I quote this dream in order to show you that it is difficult to understand the dream unless the dreamer tells all he knows.I think in your minds that the translation of symbols is the ideal method of interpreting dreams, and therefore prefer to abandon the method of free association, but I would like you to dispel this erroneous opinion.

According to the student, on July 13, 1910, at dawn, he had the following dream: I was riding a bicycle on the street in Dubingen.Suddenly a dog came after me and bit my heel.I rode a few steps forward, got off the bike and sat on the stone steps.Because the dog was biting the heel tightly, I beat the dog to make it go.The dog bit me and the whole thing didn't please me either.At the same time, two old ladies were sitting opposite each other, staring at me.Then I woke up, and as I had dreamed before, I gradually woke up and the dream gradually became clear. Symbols are of no help to us in this case, but the dreamer goes on to say to us: "Recently I saw a woman in the street who fascinated me; but Kun has no means of introduction. I only wish I could get through her dog." I got acquainted with her for the sake of media; because I was originally a lover of animals, and because I knew she was the same, I was very moved." He also said that he was good at mediating when he saw dogs fighting several times, which aroused the joy of onlookers.We also know that the woman he admires often goes for walks with the dog.But in his manifest dream, he couldn't see the woman, only her dog.Maybe the old lady who was staring at him was the embodiment of woman, but what he said couldn't make it clear.As for riding a bicycle in the dream, it was just a direct portrayal of the situation he remembered, because every time he met the girl and her dog, it was when he was riding a bicycle.

3. After a loved one dies, we often have a special dream for a period of time, reconciling the fact that the person is dead with our own desire to bring him back to life.Sometimes the dead is alive in a dream, because the dreamer does not know that he is dead, it seems that he is really dead only after knowing; sometimes he seems half dead and half alive, and each situation has a special mark.These dreams cannot be said to be meaningless, for the resurrection is just as permissible in dreams as in fairy tales, and especially in fairy tales resurrection is a frequent occurrence.According to my analysis, there seems to be a reasonable explanation for the results of such dreams, but the wish to resurrect the dead often has the most bizarre manifestations.I would like to describe one of these dreams.This kind of dream sounds absurd indeed, and the results of its analysis can be used to illustrate the points pointed out in the above theory.The dreamer had just lost his father a few years ago, and his dream was as follows:

My father was dead, but he was exhumed again, and his face was sick.He continued to live, and I tried my best to prevent him from paying attention to..., and then dreamed about other things, and the dreams went further and further away. His father is dead, we know that for a fact; but the fact that he was not actually exhumed is not true.The dreamer also said that after returning from the funeral, one of his teeth began to ache.There is a Jewish adage that says, "Toothache, pull the tooth out." He wanted to follow the adage, so he went to the dentist.But the dentist said, this is not the way to cure teeth.Toothache is expensive to bear.The dentist also said, "I want to kill the nerve under the tooth with medicine. You come back in three days, and I will take out your dead nerve." ' is."

Is he right?In fact, the two events are not absolutely parallel; for it is not the tooth that is taken out, but only a dead part of the tooth.According to our experience, such omissions are possible in the dream-work.We must assume that the dreamer united the dead father with the dead teeth still in the mouth by compression.No wonder the manifest dream was so absurd, because everything said about Ya obviously didn't apply to his father.But what kind of common ratio is there between father and tooth? This kind of common ratio must exist, because the dreamer also said that he knew the common saying that losing teeth in a dream is a sign of death in the family.

We know that the explanation of this popular saying is wrong, or it is just a fallacy.It cannot but be all the more astonishing that we can discover the real meaning of the dream behind the rest of its content. We did not press further questions, but the dreamer began to detail his father's illness and death, and the relationship between father and son.The father has been ill for a long time, and the son's service and treatment of the patient is very expensive.But he endured it and didn't mind it.There was absolutely no desire for my father to die soon.He prided himself on not violating the Jewish concept of filial piety, and adhering to Jewish laws.Are there no contradictions in his dream-thoughts that astonish us?He once confused teeth with his father.On the one hand, he wants to deal with the diseased tooth according to the Jewish law, thinking that a toothache needs to be pulled out immediately; hated.Wouldn't the similarity of the two situations be more convincing if the dreamer had the same affection for the sick father as for the sick tooth, or in other words, if he hoped that his father's pain and expenses would be ended as soon as possible by his death? ?

I believe that this is indeed the dreamer's attitude towards his long-sick father, and I also believe that his filial piety is to prevent such thoughts from appearing.Under similar circumstances, people often cannot help but hope that the sick father will die soon, but on the surface they pretend to be well-intentioned.I thought "this is also a kind of happy liberation for my father." However, I want you to pay special attention to the fact that the barriers of hidden thoughts have been destroyed at this time.We can believe that the first part of his thoughts was unconscious only temporarily, in other words, only while the dream-work was going on; , can be traced back to childhood.This hidden thought may have sneaked into his consciousness in disguise during his father's illness.We can even more assert this with regard to the rest of the content of the dream.Although there is no expression of resentment towards the father in the dream, if we study the origin of the dreamer’s resentment towards his father in childhood, we can know that the reason why he was afraid of his father was that he had masturbation during childhood and adolescence, and his fathers often forbid it.Such is the relation of the dreamer to his father; his affection for his father is tinged with awe.The awe comes from the early sexual threat.

We can now explain the rest of the dream by the masturbation complex. "He has a sick face" actually alludes to another sentence of the dentist-"It's not good to have no teeth here"-but at the same time alludes to the youth's excessive sexual desire in adolescence, which reveals or is afraid of revealing "" Sickness".The dreamer's sickness in the manifest dream turned from himself to his father—this is one of the best tricks of the dream-work—and he was relieved mentally. "He continues to live." On the one hand, this sentence refers to the wish for the resurrection of the father, and it is also in line with the promise of the dentist that the tooth will not be pulled out. "I tried my best to prevent him from noticing" very cleverly leads us to complete this sentence with the words "he is dead", but the filling of the sentence can actually refer to the masturbation complex.Young people, of course, try to hide their sex life from their fathers.Finally, let me tell you that so-called "toothache dreams" often allude to masturbation and the punishment it entails. You can see from this how this uninterpretable dream is composed of three things: 1. a noticeable and misleading compression; 2. the complete deletion of all central ideas in the latent thoughts; Substitutes for the hidden ideas of the earliest origin. 4. Certain straightforward and ordinary dreams, in themselves in no way grotesque and absurd, raise the question: why at all do we dream of such trivialities?We have tried many times before to inquire about its causes, and we shall now cite a new example of this dream.In this case, there are three dreams, which occurred in one night and are related to each other. The dreamer is a young girl. 1 She was walking through the hall of her own house when her head hit the lampstand violently, causing her to bleed profusely.This has never happened in her real-world experience.Her explanation is intriguing: "You know my hair was really scary at that time. Yesterday, my mother said to me: 'Good boy, if this is the case, your head will be as bald as your butt soon'." Visible , the head is a substitute for the lower part of the body.As for the symbol of the lampstand, there is no need for the dreamer to explain, we can naturally understand that any object that can be stretched is a symbol of male genitalia.Therefore, the real meaning of the dream refers to the bleeding of the lower part of the body due to contact with the penis.The dream could have had other meanings; according to further associations of the dreamer, her dream was connected with the belief that her menstrual cramps were the result of coitus with a man.This is a common perception among teenage girls about sexual events. 2. The dreamer sees a deep hole in the vineyard, which she knows is the result of uprooted trees.About this she said, "The tree is gone," meaning that she had not seen a tree in her dream; .This dream concerns another childish notion of sex, namely that girls originally had the same genitals as boys, and that they were later castrated and uprooted, so they had different shapes. 3 The dreamer stands in front of the desk drawer, which is familiar to her, so if someone touches the drawer, she will know immediately.The desk drawer, like all chests of drawers, is a symbol of the female genitals.She knew that after copulation or, as she meant, any contact, the genitals showed signs of it, and that was something she had always been afraid of.I think that the main center of gravity of these three dreams is an idea of ​​"knowledge".She remembers exploring sexuality as a child and taking great pride in the knowledge she gained from that exploration. 5 Here is yet another example of symbolism.But this time I would like to give a brief description of the state of mind before the dream.A man and a woman fall in love and spend the night together; he says that the woman's quality is maternal, that whenever they embrace, she has a great desire to have children.However, when the two of them had a tryst, they had to try to prevent pregnancy.Waking up the next morning, the woman related a dream as follows: An officer in a red cap was chasing her in the street, and she tried to escape, running up the stairs, with him following her, and fled panting into the house, locking the door behind her.Through the keyhole, he was seen sitting on the stool outside the door and weeping. The chase of the officer in the red hat and the panting of the woman up the stairs are obviously symbols of copulation.As for the dreamer shutting the pursuer out, this is an example of the inversion effect that often occurs in dreams.Because it is the man who withdraws before the end of the copulation.In the same way, she transferred her grief to the man, because it was he who was crying in the dream, and his tears were also the representative of semen. You have often heard that psychoanalysis assumes that all dreams have a sexual meaning.You should know by now that this accusation is incorrect.You already know that there are wish-fulfilling dreams to satisfy the most salient needs—like hunger, freedom, etc.—and there are comfort dreams, anxiety dreams, and greed and selfish dreams.But you must remember that according to the results of psychoanalysis, dreams of conspicuous makeup are mostly expressions of sexual desire, but there are some exceptions. 6. I have given you many examples of dream symbols which have a special purpose.In the first lecture I said that it was indeed a difficult task to convince you of the findings of psychoanalysis, and now you can finally agree.But the various propositions of psycho-analysis are closely related to each other, so believing this will easily lead you to accept the other points of the whole theory.Or we can say that if you are willing to raise your little finger in favor of psychoanalysis, you will soon be able to raise your whole hand.If you admit that the explanation of negligence is satisfactory, you will never logically doubt the rest.The symbolism of dreams is another shortcut to this belief.I will now tell you another dream.This dream has been published before. The dreamer is a woman in a poor society, and her husband is a watchman.You may believe that such a woman never heard of dream symbolism and psychoanalysis.You can therefore judge whether or not the explanation we get from sexual symbols is nonsense.His dream is as follows: ... So someone broke into the house.She called out to the watchman in horror, but the watchman had already entered the church at that time.The companions are two homeless people.There are several stone steps in front of the church, and there is a high mountain behind it. On the high mountain is a forest.The watchman is wearing armor and has many brown beards.The two vagrants walked quietly with the watchman, wearing aprons shaped like bags around their waists.There is a small road from the church to the high mountain, with short grass and low trees growing on both sides, and the higher it is, the denser it becomes, and when it reaches the top of the mountain, it becomes a dense forest. The symbols used here are not difficult to recognize: the male genitals are represented by three persons, and the female genitals by mountains, dense forests, and holy places of churches.As for the symbol of sexual intercourse, it is still climbing.The part called "mountain" in the dream is also anatomically called the mons pubicum themonsveneris. VII I now wish to describe a dream which can also be interpreted symbolically.Although the dreamer has no theoretical knowledge, he can interpret all its symbols.Therefore, this dream has more value for attention and credit.Dreams are bizarre, and we have no definite idea of ​​the circumstances that cause them. He was walking with his father in what appeared to be a Viennese park when he saw a large rotunda.There is a small room in front of the hall, and there is a captive light balloon in the room, which looks very loose.The father asked him what the light balloon was for; the son wondered why his father had such a question, but explained it.They then walked into a patio covered with a large sheet of metal.His father tore off a large piece, but looked around first, so that no one would see it. He told his son that he only needed to talk to the manager, and he could take it directly.Go down from the patio and pass through several stone steps to reach a cave.There are cushions on both sides of the hole, like a leather chair. There is a long platform at the bottom of the hole, and there is another hole behind the platform. The following is the dreamer's own explanation: "The big round hall replaces my genitals, and the captive light balloon in front of the hall is a symbol of the penis, because I thought it was weak." A more detailed explanation can be as follows . "The big rotunda represents the buttocks. Children usually have the buttocks attached to the genitals, and the small room in front is the scrotum. In the dream, his father asked him what the genitals are used for or what function they have. This situation should obviously be reversed, and the son asks the question." Yes; since these questions have not actually been asked, we should translate the latent thought of the dream into a hypothetical wish: "Suppose I want to ask my father to explain . . . "The result of this hidden thought is not difficult for us to guess and know. The patio, paved with gold leaf, cannot be interpreted symbolically, but alludes to his father's place of business.Because of my scruples, I substituted gold leaf for his real business product.Furthermore, no changes have been made to the wording of the dream.The dreamer had studied his father’s career, and he was very disgusted with his father’s pure use of improper means to make money. Therefore, the above dream seemed to say: “If I ask him, he will also deceive me like a customer.” As for tearing off the gold foil, it was originally a symbol of business fraud, but the dreamer explained otherwise: he said that it was used to imply masturbation.Not only is this interpretation already familiar to us, but it also implicitly corresponds to the fact that private masturbation is expressed in the opposite sense, namely: "We can do it openly".Therefore, attributing this matter to his father is exactly the same as the questioning in the first scene of the dream, which is exactly what we expected.The dreamer also interpreted the crypt as a vagina because its walls are padded; we think that entering and exiting the crypt are symbols of sexual intercourse. Regarding the platform at the bottom of the first hole and the second hole after the platform, the dreamer explained it based on his own experience.Because he once had intercourse with a woman, he was too weak to do it freely, and now he hopes to recover his ability to do so with the help of treatment. There are two more dreams under eight.The dreamer was a foreigner with a pronounced tendency to polygamy, because from this two dreams, it can be confirmed that the dreamer himself appeared in the two dreams, even if there was a disguise in the content of the manifest dream, the skin in the dream Boxes are symbols of femininity. 1. The dreamer is on a long-distance journey, and his luggage is delivered to the station by a carriage.His suitcases are numerous and overlap each other.Among them were two black suitcases that seemed to be used by merchant travelers.He reassured someone, "You know those suitcases as long as they get to the station." In fact, he did travel with many pieces of luggage.During the examination, he told many stories about women.Those two black suitcases represent two black women.These two black women were occupying important positions in the history of his life at that time.One wanted to go to Vienna with him, but because of my advice, he sent an electric signal to stop her. 2 The scene in the customs——another traveler opened the suitcase, smoked, and said nonchalantly: "There is no contraband in the suitcase." The customs officer seemed to believe him, but when he searched again, he suddenly found that 1. Seriously Prohibited Items.The traveler then conceded and said: "This can't be helped." The traveler is the dreamer's substitute, and the customs officer is me.He was very straightforward with me, but he recently had a relationship with a certain woman and decided not to tell me because he was afraid that I would know her.He pushed the shameful situation of being discovered on a stranger, and he seemed not to have dreamed at all. 9 Here is another instance of symbolism, which I have not pointed out before: The dreamer met his younger sister walking with two friends. The two friends were a sister and a sister.He shook hands with the two sisters, but not with his own sister. In fact, he couldn't remember it ever happening.However, because of this, I recalled that I once expressed surprise at the slow development of a woman's breasts.Therefore, the two sisters really represent two breasts; if this is not his sister, he would have to reach out and touch it. 10 Here is an example of a symbol of death in a dream.The dreamer was crossing a very high and steep iron bridge. He knew the names of the two companions, but he had forgotten them when he woke up.The two of them suddenly disappeared, and what he saw was a ghost-like man in a cap and trousers.He asked the man if he sent the telegram? ... The man said, "No." He asked again, is he a coachman?The man said again, "No." The dreamer continued dreaming.I felt terrible in my dream.When he woke up, he recalled in his fantasy that the iron bridge suddenly broke, and he fell into the deep valley. If the dreamer makes a special statement that the characters in the dream are not known to him, or their names have been forgotten, in fact, they must have a very close relationship with the dreamer.In this case, the dreamer has three brothers; if he is afraid of the death of the other two, it is an expression that he wishes them to die.Regarding the section on the telegrapher, he said that telegrams often bring bad news.From his uniform he appeared to be a lampkeeper who could put out a lamp as death quenches the fire of life.From the coachman, he thought of Uland's poem about King Karl's voyage, and also thought of the danger of the storm on the lake; the two were traveling together, and he regarded himself as King Karl in the poem.From the iron bridge, he remembered a recent incident and a common saying: "Life is a suspension bridge." Below Eleven can also be seen as another example of a death dream: a black-edged card is left to the dreamer by an unknown gentleman. Twelve There is another dream which may interest you in several ways; but this dream is partly caused by the dreamer's neurotic state. He was in the train, parked in the wilderness, and he thought something unexpected was about to happen and he had to try to escape.So he walked through the rooms and killed everyone he met, including drivers, security personnel and others. The dream reminded him of a story told to him by a former friend.On a certain railway line in Italy, a madman was being escorted to sit in a small room on the train.Due to some kind of mistake, let an ordinary passenger share a room with him.The madman killed the traveler.Therefore, the dreamer regarded himself as a madman at that time, because he often had an "obsessive idea", thinking that he should wipe out everyone who knew his secret one by one.Then he cited a better cause of the dream.The day before, he saw a woman in the theater. He wanted to marry her, but because of jealousy, he abandoned her.He knew he was so jealous that he would be crazy to marry her.That is to say, since he thought her unreliable, his jealousy might lead him to kill all his competitors.As for passing through multiple rooms, we already know that the symbol of marriage signifies monogamy in the opposite sense. Regarding the car parked in the wilderness and the fear of accidents, he told us the following story: Once, when the train stopped suddenly on the route outside the station, a woman in the car said that she had better raise her legs for fear of an accident. The words "legs raised" reminded him that he and the above-mentioned woman had visited here many times when they were most in love with each other in the past, and he had a new argument to support this conclusion: that is, to marry her now Crazy; in fact, as far as I know, he still has this crazy desire to marry her.