Chapter 20 Chapter Seventeen Anyone Can Be a Victim

On June 1, 1989, a fisherman spotted three "floaters" in Tampa Bay, Florida.He contacted the Coast Guard and St. Petersburg police, who pulled the decomposed bodies out of the water.The men, all women, were tied together with yellow plastic cords and plain white cords.All three had 50-pound cinder blocks hanging from their necks.These cinder blocks are not the usual three-hole type, but two-hole type.Their mouths were all covered with Sever brand tape. Judging from the condition of the bodies, they looked like they were blindfolded and thrown into the water.All three were wearing T-shirts and the top half of their bathing suits, with the bottom half missing.This shows that it is a sexual crime, but judging from the state of the corpse in the water, it is impossible to confirm it through an autopsy.

Police identified them as Joan Rogers, 38, and her two daughters, Michele, 17, and Christy, 15, based on a vehicle found not far offshore.They were from a farm in Ohio and were on vacation for the first time.They returned from Disneyland and temporarily stayed at the Days Inn in St. Petersburg.Mr. Rogers was too busy to leave his body, so he did not accompany his wife and daughter to go out. Based on the stomach autopsies of the three deceased and the questioning of the relevant staff of the Days Inn, the police presumed that the time of death was 48 hours ago.The only conclusive legal evidence is a scribbled note found in the car. The front of the note shows the route from the Days Inn to the place where the car was found. The route from St. Petersburg's bustling commercial street, Del Marbray Street, to the inn.

The case immediately became big news, with St. Petersburg and Tampa police and the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Department on their toes.The public has a strong sense of fear.It was thought that if three innocent tourists from Ohio were to die, anyone could be a victim. The police followed up the investigation from the paper and checked the handwriting of the inn staff and those who worked in the shops and offices near Del Marbray, because that was the starting point for asking directions.But they got nothing.However, this heinous murder with the characteristics of a sex crime speaks for itself.The Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office contacted the FBI's Tampa field station and said, "We may have a series of crimes." But joint investigations by police, law enforcement and the Bureau of Investigation have made little progress.

Jenna Monroe was a special agent at the Tampa Field Station, a policeman before the Bureau, and a homicide detective in California. In September of 1990, there was a vacancy to be filled at the station, and Jim Wright and I made an appointment with her and asked to be transferred to Quantico.Jenna has been coordinating criminal profiling at the station.The Rogers case was one of the first she had taken on since arriving at the station. Representatives of the St. Petersburg police flew to Quantico to brief Janna, Larry Ankrom, Steve Etter, Bill Hagemeier and Steve Madigian.Then they took out a criminal profile, saying that the person was a middle-aged man aged 35 to 45, a blue-collar worker, engaged in household equipment repair work; had a low level of education, and had a history of sexual and violent crimes, homicide There will be sudden tension ahead, leaving the area as soon as word of the investigation dies down, but like John Planty in the Kara Brown case, may return after a while.

The agents believed the profile, but failed to identify the suspect, and made little progress.They needed a more proactive approach, so Jenna appeared on "Mystery" TV.It was a nationally syndicated program that was instrumental in finding and identifying the perpetrators.After Jenna introduced the case on TV, they received hundreds of clues, but still no results. I often tell our people that if one method doesn't work, there are other methods to try, even methods that have never been used before.That's what Jenna does.It seemed that the scribbled note was the link between the victim and the murderer, but it never did much.Now that the case was well known in the Tampa-St. Petersburg community, she offered to enlarge the note and post it on a bulletin board to see if anyone would recognize the handwriting.People in law enforcement know that most people can only read the handwriting of their family members and close friends, but Jenna thinks there's a good chance someone will come, especially if the killer is an outlaw, or his spouse or partner wants to When looking for a reason to report him.

Several local business people offered space on the billboard, and the note was reproduced for all to see.Within days, three people who didn't know each other called the police and identified it as Oba Chandler's handwriting.Chandler was a white man of about forty-five, an unlicensed aluminum panel installer.All three have sued him because a partition he installed for them came loose after a heavy rain.They could all confirm the handwriting because they had copies of the defense the man had written to refute their allegations. In addition to age and occupation, Chandler fits our section's profile of a perpetrator in several other important ways.He has a history of robbery, assault and violent sex crimes.He left the area after the news, but has not yet felt compelled to leave the area.His stressful stimulus was that his wife had just given birth to a child, which he didn't want.

It often happens that every time you take action to solve a murder, another victim will come after hearing the details of the case.A woman and her girlfriend also met someone like Chandler who invited them to sail on his boat in Tampa Bay.Her girlfriend declined because she didn't like such things at all, so the woman went alone. When they got to sea, the man was going to rape her.When she tried to resist, he warned her, "Don't shout, or I'll tape your mouth shut, tie you up with cinder blocks and drown you." Oba Chandler was arrested, interrogated, and found guilty of killing Joan, Mitchell, and Christie, and sentenced to death.

His victims are ordinary, defenseless people—he chooses them almost at random.Sometimes the killer's choices are completely random, justifying the chilling assertion that "anyone can be a victim."Therefore, when solving cases like the Rogers case, proactive technology is very important. In the second half of 1982, some citizens in the Chicago area died violently for no reason.Before long, the Chicago police found some kind of connection between these deaths and found out the cause of death.The victims were given hydroxyacetamide capsules laced with cyanide.Once the capsule dissolves in the stomach, the person dies instantly.

Special Agent Ed Haggerty in charge in Chicago asked me to join the task force.I've never taken on a merchandise manipulation case to kill, but I think I can apply what I've learned from prison interviews with other types of criminals to these cases.The case became what the FBI code-named "Capsule Murder." The main problem facing investigators is the random nature of this poisoning crime.The poisoner was neither targeted nor present at the scene of the crime, and the analysis we usually perform doesn't directly reveal anything. Such killing is clearly without motive—that is, without a identifiable motive in the traditional sense, such as love, jealousy, greed, or revenge.The target of the poisoner could be Johnson & Johnson, the maker of the hydroxyacetamide capsules, or any store that sells the drug, or one or more victims, or society as a whole.

I think these poisoners are in the same category as people who plant random bombs or throw rocks from overpasses at cars below.In such cases, where the perpetrator never sees the victim, I think the perpetrator—in the same way that David Berkowitz shot a car with no lights on inside—was not so much aiming at a The particular victim is, rather, venting his own anger.If such a man were allowed to look into the face of his victim, he might reflect upon himself or show some kind of compassion. Compared with other random, timid crimes, I think I can understand the mentality of the perpetrator.Although we were dealing with a very different crime, many aspects of the perpetrator's personality were familiar to us.According to a survey, those who hide their presence and kill innocent people indiscriminately commit crimes often want to vent their anger.I believe this man had suffered from severe depression, was a mentally handicapped, accomplished person, a failure at school, at work, in relationships, and so on.

Statistically, the perpetrator may also fit the pattern of a killer—a white male in his mid-thirties who moves alone at night.He might visit a victim's home or visit a cemetery, leaving some important evidence there.I think he may have had a job associated with power and authority: ambulance driver, security guard, shoplifter, or auxiliary police officer.He might have been in the army, he might have been an Army soldier, he might have been a Marine. I think he may have had psychotherapy in the past and the medicines the doctor prescribed to manage his condition.His car was at least five years old and not well maintained, but it was a symbol of strength and power and was probably a Ford favored by the police.When the first poisoning was about to take place—September 28 or 29—he might have felt some sort of sudden nervous thrill.Generally speaking, he may resent the society very much, so he is very angry.After the incident, he would talk about it with people in bars or grocery stores, even with the police.The perpetrator boosted his self-image by demonstrating strength, suggesting he may have kept a diary or kept newspaper clippings reporting on the case. I told the police that he might also have written to someone in authority — the president, the FBI director, the governor, or the mayor — complaining about the injustice he was being treated.He may also have signed his own name on earlier letters.As time went on, and no one responded to his letters appropriately as he had hoped, he became angry that he was not taken seriously.His random killings are probably an attempt to get the attention of those who don't take him seriously. Finally, I warned them not to put too much energy on researching why the perpetrators chose hydroxyacetamide capsules.This is a primitive and ignorant modus operandi.Hydroxybenzamide capsules are common medicines, and opening the capsules is not difficult.At least it could be because he likes that packaging, or maybe he has a particular feud with Johnson & Johnson. In a big city like Chicago, there are many people who fit the profile of the perpetrators of the bombing and arson series.So, as in the Rogers case, it's especially important to employ proactive techniques.The police should put pressure on the perpetrator, but not make him feel confrontational.One strategy the police need to adopt is to only talk about positive things.I warned them not to call him crazy.Sadly, they already said that. Even more important than this, however, is encouraging newspapers to publish articles that portray victims as flesh and blood, since perpetrators tend to depersonalize their victims.I especially think that if he is forced to look at the face of a murdered 12-year-old girl, he might start to feel guilty and we might be able to get him to come clean. I think it's going to be different from what we did in the Yatong case and the Sally Smith case by proposing to put a night watch in some victim's cemetery because I think that the perpetrator might go to the cemetery.I think the perpetrators are probably in a bad mood, so I suggest that newspapers publish more articles reporting these crimes. I think we can encourage them to go to certain stores, just as we in Milwaukee and Detroit can "direct" bank robbers to rob one of our pre-set bank branches.For example, the police could reveal information about the measures a store is taking to protect customers.I think the guy might feel the need to go to that store to witness the impact of his actions.Another way is to publish an article about an arrogant big store manager who publicly declares that he is so confident in his store's security that capsule poisoners are unlikely to tamper with his shelves.Another approach is to have police and FBI agents respond to a “hotline tip” at a store and report it publicly.This "clue" is of course false.The police, on the other hand, publicly declared that they obtained intelligence so quickly and accurately that the perpetrators temporarily abandoned their plan to poison the store.This will be an indirect challenge to the perpetrator, and one that he cannot ignore. We can call in a therapist with a heavy heart.When he was interviewed by us, he had to admit that he sympathized with the perpetrator, and described the perpetrator as a victim of this society, so as to give him a step to save face.Presumably the perpetrator would call the doctor's office or drive past the doctor's office, and we would lay an ambush there and follow him. I think that if the authorities set up a special investigation team composed of volunteers from among the civilian population to help the police with all reporting calls, then there is a good chance that the perpetrators would volunteer to participate.I think if there had been a group like this in Atlanta, we might have seen Wayne Williams among the volunteers.Ted Bundy volunteered to a rape crisis center in Seattle. Law enforcement has historically been cautious about working closely with — or using — the media.I have encountered this situation many times. In the early 1980s, when criminal profiling was a relatively new concept, I was called to headquarters to explain to the CID and the bureau's legal committee what my proactive technique was all about. "John, you don't lie to the press, do you?" I gave them an example of a successful use of proactive technology with the assistance of the media at the time.The body of a woman with a dog collar and leash around her neck was found on a hill in the San Diego area and appeared to have been strangled and raped.Her car was found on a road.Apparently she got into the killer's car after running out of gas - the killer may have appeared as a helpful person or a violent person - and was taken to the crime scene by the killer. I suggest that the police follow certain steps to release certain information to the press.First, they should describe the case and introduce our analysis of the case.Second, they should stress that the FBI, with the support of state and local authorities, is working at full capacity and say, "Even if it takes 20 years, the real killer will be brought to justice." Third, on a busy highway like that, When a young woman's car breaks down, someone is bound to see it.I want to imply through this third point that we have received some reports about suspicious people and suspicious things before and after she was abducted, and the police hope that the public will provide information. My reasoning is that if the perpetrator thinks he might have been seen somewhere (which is possible), then he feels the need to speak out to the police and explain how he was there.He would tell the police: "I drove by and saw her car broke down. I stopped the car and asked her if she wanted help. She said it was okay and I walked away." Now the police have indeed been appealing to the public to help through the media, but they often fail to think of proactive technology.I wonder how many deliveries slip through their fingers because they don't know how to identify them.By the way, I hope that the real witnesses will not be swayed by my words when they come to provide information.You won't be a suspect, but it's entirely possible to help find the real murderer. In the San Diego case, the technique worked as I said it would.The perpetrator took the initiative to drill into the investigation network and was captured by the police. "Okay, Douglas, we see what you mean," the FBI headquarters staff responded reluctantly. "Anytime you want to use this technology, please let us know in advance." To bureaucratic officials For me, anything new and original is scary. I hope the press will somehow help us catch the killers of the hydrax capsule poisoning.Bob Green, a prominent columnist for the Chicago Tribune, interviewed the police and the FBI before writing a moving piece about victim Mary Kellerman, 21, as the killer The youngest victim killed was the only daughter of a couple who were no longer able to have children.By the time the article was published, police and Bureau of Investigation agents had placed surveillance on Mary's home and cemetery.I think most of the people involved in solving this case would think that this is absurd, and they think that a murderer who is haunted and complacent (or only one of those emotions) will not go to the graveyard.I asked them to wait a week. I was in Chicago while the police were watching the cemetery.I knew that if they got nothing, they would throw a tantrum at me.Even in the most comfortable of settings, surveillance can be a boring, annoying job.Not to mention surveillance in cemeteries at night. Nothing happened the first night.It was all right and quiet.But the monitoring team noticed the movement the next day.They moved towards the cemetery, taking care not to be seen.They heard the voice of a man of similar age to the one described in the profile. The man was tearful and seemed about to sob. "I'm sorry," he begged, "I didn't mean to. It was an accident!" He begged the dead girl to forgive him. They thought they were damn right in telling Douglas.They jumped on him. But wait!The name he said was not Mary. The guy was scared out of his wits.When the police finally saw his face clearly, they found that he was standing in front of the grave next to Mary's tomb! Buried next to Mary Kellerman is the victim of an unsolved car accident in which the perpetrator drove and fled.This person is the perpetrator, who has come to repent. Four or five years later, the Chicago police used this method when investigating a murder mystery.Led by FBI training coordinator Bob Sagowski, they took advantage of the time around the anniversary of the murders to leak information to the press.When the police arrested the murderer in the cemetery, he only said: "I really don't understand how it took you so long." We failed to catch the person who poisoned the capsule this way.We didn't get the killer, we did arrest a suspect, but there wasn't enough evidence to convict him of murder, and charged him with blackmail in connection with the murder.He fit the criminal profile, but he wasn't in the Chicago area when the police conducted the cemetery surveillance.However, since he was imprisoned, there has been no poisoning incident. Of course, because there is no trial, we cannot be sure from a legal point of view that he is the person we want to arrest.However, it is clear that many of the perpetrators of the unsolved serial murders have been caught, but the police officers and detectives investigating these cases do not know it.If an active murderer suddenly ceases activity, there are three plausible explanations beyond the simple reason of his own decision not to do it.The first is that he committed suicide, which is what people with certain personality traits do.The second is that he left the area and went to work elsewhere.With the FBI's database of violent criminal arrest records, we can make it relatively easy for thousands of police agencies across the country to share data to prevent these types of incidents from happening.A third explanation is that the perpetrator had already been arrested for other wrongdoing - usually for theft, robbery or violent assault - and was jailed on a lesser charge, and the authorities did not associate him with those more serious crimes. related. After the capsule poisoning case, vicious incidents of tampering with commodities emerged one after another, but most of the perpetrators were motivated by traditional motives, such as murdering spouses due to family disputes.In assessing such cases, the police should consider the number of reports received, whether the incidents are concentrated in one area or scattered in different areas, whether the apparently tampered goods have been used, and whether the What is the relationship of the victim.As with other personally motivated murders, they should investigate the history of the conflict, gathering as much information as possible about the suspect's behavior before and after the crime. On the surface, a crime may appear to have no specific victim, but in fact it has a specific target.A crime that appears to have been committed by the perpetrator out of anger or frustration actually has traditional motives, such as wanting to get out of the marriage altogether, to get some insurance money, or to inherit a fortune.After the capsule poisoning case was announced, a woman poisoned her husband with cyanide-laced hydroxyacetamide capsules, thinking she could put the blame on the original perpetrator.The scene of the crime has been arranged, and the details before and after the crime are completely different from the original case, so no one can be fooled.In such cases, forensic evidence is often linked to the perpetrators.For example, laboratories can analyze the source of cyanide or other poisons. If someone tampers with a product in order to get damages for damages, such as putting a dead mouse in a can of macaroni sauce, a rat in a soda can, or a needle in a fast food bag, investigators use The same analysis method is easier to identify.The company often hopes to settle the matter as soon as possible, so as not to make publicity and damage the reputation, and also avoid going to court.Now that the forensics science has been greatly developed, if the company suspects that someone has tampered with the product, refuses to adopt the method of making a major event into a small one, and submits the case to the FBI, the person who did the tampering is likely to be found out. charged.Likewise, a good investigator can also identify a deliberate act of heroism—an act of deception created by someone to stage a show in front of peers or the public. Capsule poisoning is scary, but it's an anomaly.Its main purpose does not appear to be blackmail.For a blackmailer to succeed, he must first demonstrate his ability to do what he threatens to do.Therefore, a blackmailer who threatens to tamper with a product will specifically tamper with a bottle or a package, put some kind of mark on it, and then call or leave a note to warn.However, the capsule poisoner did not make threats.He immediately opened the killing ring. He wasn't sophisticated by blackmailer standards.Manipulating merchandise is primitive (after such murders, Johnson & Johnson spent a fortune developing effective tamper-evident packaging).I know this guy is not thinking clearly.Our guiding principles for analyzing such cases of blackmail can also be applied to analyzing political blackmail to determine whether the blackmailer is dangerous and capable of doing what he threatens to do. The same goes for bombers.If someone threatened to drop a bomb, the threat was always taken seriously quickly, lest there be chaos.Authorities must decide whether the threat is real.Both bombers and blackmailers love to use the word "we" to show that there are many eyes watching in the dark.In fact, most of these people are suspicious loners who don't trust others. Bombers tend to come in three types.One is the type who is attracted by the power of destruction and motivated by the display of strength.One is the mission type attracted by the joy of designing, building and planting explosive devices.There is also a technical type, who is intoxicated by the ingenuity they have shown in design and manufacture.From the perspective of motives, some are for blackmail, some for labor disputes, some for revenge, and some even for suicide. We have found more and more characteristics of this type of criminal from our research on bombers.They are usually white males and their age varies depending on the victim or target.Although their achievements are mediocre, their intelligence is at least up to, and often above, the level of ordinary people.They are capable, methodical, and love to make meticulous and thoughtful plans.They do not engage in confrontation, are not physically strong, are cautious, and have great personality flaws.Their profiling is based on an assessment of their targets and victims or an assessment of the explosive device they used (say, was it more explosive or flammable), much like we base our crime scene Traces evaluate serial killers.We consider the risk factors associated with the victim and the perpetrator, whether the victim's choice was random or deliberate, how easy it is to approach him or her, what time of day the attack occurred, and the method of bomb delivery (such as by letter), and the unusual character and style of the bomb's components and workmanship. Early in my profiling career, I produced my first profile of the "college bomber."The nickname, which is now well known, was derived from an FBI operation code name for the man who targeted colleges and university professors. As for the bombers, we mainly get to know them through their communications. The "University Bomber" wrote a letter to the newspaper to announce his long-winded manifesto to the public. He revealed that he had caused 3 deaths and 23 injuries by creating bombings in 17 years.His claimed feats include successfully delaying an entire commercial flight when he falsely claimed to have planted a bomb at Los Angeles International Airport. Like all bombers, he said his terror was being carried out by a group called the Freedom Club.Still, he was unquestionably what I would call a loner. Now that this profile has been widely circulated, I see no reason to alter my judgment.Regrettably, despite Dr. Brussels' groundbreaking work on Metersky's "Mad Bomber" case, law enforcement was not using our analysis the way it is now at the time of the "University Bomber"'s first crime.In the early stages of criminal activity, most of these people are likely to be caught.First-time and second-time crimes are the most important to our understanding of crime behavior, location, and targets because they have not yet improved the technique of the crime and have not moved the crime location.After several years, their thinking has also developed, and the motive for committing crimes is no longer the original and simple dissatisfaction with society.I think if we had the profiling methods we have now in 1979, the "University Bomber" might have been caught years ago. Many times, someone will blackmail an individual or a specific group by falsely claiming to have dropped a bomb. In the mid-1970s, someone made threatening phone calls to the president of a bank in Texas. The caller made a tirade, saying that the technicians sent by Southwest Bell to the bank a few days ago were actually his staff.They had planted a bomb that he could detonate with a microwave remote control, though he would not detonate it if the President granted his request. And then he said the scariest thing, that he had the president's wife, Louise, that she was driving a Cadillac, that she passed somewhere in the morning, and went somewhere, and so on and so on.The president was shocked and asked the secretary to use another phone to contact his home, because he knew that his wife should be at home at this moment.But no one answered the phone.Now he believed it. Then the caller made a demand for money: old bills, in denominations ranging from $10 to $100.Don't call the police, we can easily spot unmarked police cars.Tell your secretary that you are leaving the bank for 45 minutes.Do not contact anyone.Before leaving the office, turn the lights inside on and off three times in a row.My men will watch for this signal.Put your money in your car, park it on the side of a road in a busy area, leave your engine on and your taillights on. In this particular case, the blackmailer was a consummate liar.He neither planted a bomb nor kidnapped anyone, but directed the finger at the most likely victims.Every scene in this play is planned.The crook had chosen the time when the phone company had sent men to the bank, so he said they were the men who planted the bomb for him.As we all know, the technical work of the telephone company is something that people don't understand and don't pay much attention to, so people from the telephone company may be regarded as liars. The blackmailer knew that the president would call his wife at home, so he called her first in the morning, claiming to be from the Southwestern Bell Telephone Company, saying that they had recently received complaints from some people near where she lived, saying that someone was harassing her Telephone.They were trying to track the caller - so from 12:00 noon to 12:45 that day, even if the phone rang, she didn't answer it - they were going to set a trap to track the man. Getting the governor to leave the money in the car with the lights on and the engine on may be the trickiest move in the scheme.The governor thought the headlights were part of the signal, when in fact they were a way for the caller to get out.Although he warned the governor not to contact the police, he knew the victim might do so.The greatest danger for a perpetrator is always when withdrawing money because he believes the police will be watching.In this scene, if he was lucky enough to get caught by the police, he could say he was walking down this busy road and saw a car with its lights on and on and thought it was an opportunity to do good , so turned off the lights.If the police caught him on the spot, they would have little evidence.Even though he was holding the money bag when the police caught him, his earlier statement gave him a legitimate reason.He could say he found the bag on the seat and was going to hand it over to the police. It's been a mixed game for the crook.He makes a rough draft first, and then adds details as needed.If the target he expected today is not fooled, he will look for a new target the next day.After all, someone will fall for it one day, and he can easily make a lot of money without kidnapping or blowing up anyone.In these cases, what he wrote was generally good evidence, and the criminal tended to keep it because he knew it would still be useful in the future.One thing he knew was that anyone could be his victim with a few simple arrangements in advance. The authorities eventually saw through his ruse, arrested him, tried him, and convicted him.It turned out that he was the person in charge of putting records in a nightclub, and he wanted to make some extra money in a short period of time with his eloquent tongue. What is the difference between this kind of person and the person who really engages in kidnapping?They all want to extort money, and they will not reveal their identities to the victims unless it is absolutely necessary, because their purpose is not to kill people.They are very different.The person who really engages in kidnapping generally needs someone to help him complete his plan, while the person who engages in deceit is fundamentally a liar who sings a one-man show.The person who engages in kidnapping is anti-social. Although it was not his intention to kill the victim, he is always ready to tear up the victim in order to achieve his goal. Steve Madijian participated in the detection of the kidnapping of the Exxon vice president.The vice president was kidnapped outside his home in New Jersey and held hostage for ransom.Unexpectedly, his arm was hit by a bullet during the fight.The kidnappers were a security guard and his wife who had been employed by the company.Instead of stopping there, they put the wounded VP (who was not seriously injured) in a box, which resulted in his death.The kidnapper uses the box—or something similar—to minimize contact with the abductee as a specific person.In this case, the kidnappers expressed remorse for what had happened, acknowledging the sense of desperation that drove them to commit the crime in the first place.But they still made the case and carried out their plan step by step without hesitation.They are willing to kill people for their own purposes, which is a manifestation of anti-social behavior. Kidnapping, while horrific, differs from some other serious crimes because it is difficult for the kidnapper to get away.Investigators should really scrutinize it with rigor, doing victim studies and pre-crime behavior studies.Furthermore, while investigators acknowledge that anyone can be a victim, they should be able to answer the question: Why was this particular victim? One night two years ago, I received an emergency call at home.A police detective in Oregon told me about a young woman in his state who was followed on her way to school.The woman did not identify the stalker, nor did anyone else.她看见跟踪者在树林子里，可是等她父亲或者她男朋友出去找时，那人已没了踪影。那人会给她家打电话，可是她家有其他人在的时候却从来不打。这个女子处于完全无助的境地。像这样心惊肉跳地过了几个星期之后，她和男友在一家餐馆就餐。她离开餐桌去上厕所，就在从厕所出来的时候，她被人抓住并很快被拖到外面的停车场。袭击者粗暴地把枪管伸进她的阴道，威胁说，如果她报警，就要她的命，接着又把她放了。她的心灵受到极大的伤害，无法提供一个比较确切的描述。 从表面上看，她是在一天晚上离开图书馆后遭到绑架的。在停车场发现了她的车。没有任何有关她的消息，看来情况不妙。 我让警探把受害者的情况说给我听听。她是个很漂亮的姑娘，在学校成绩一向很好。可是去年她却生下了一个孩子，和家里人，尤其是和她父亲在孩子抚养问题上产生了矛盾。她的成绩近来一落千丈，尤其是在跟踪案发生之后。 我说暂时什么也不要告诉她父亲，以防我的判断有误，要了这个年轻女子的命。不过我看她没说实话。谁会跟踪她？她有个关系比较牢靠的男友，最近关系并没有破裂。一般说来，一个非知名人士被人跟踪，跟踪者一定认识这个人。跟踪者的行为并非那么天衣无缝或者小心谨慎。如果她看见了跟踪者，她父亲和男友就不会一次也没见过。其他人都没有接到过电话。警方设置陷阱对电话进行跟踪时，电话突然中断了。再者，绑架恰好发生在期末考试之前——这不是偶然的。 我提出，采取前摄的做法让媒体对她父亲进行采访，强调他们关系的积极方面，说他如何如何爱他女儿，希望她回到自己身边并恳求绑架者把她放了。如果我说得不错，那么过一两天她就会出现，而且会显得形容憔悴、邋里邋遢，会说起她如何被绑架，如何受凌辱，如何被人从车上扔到街边等等。 后来的事实是，她的确显得形容憔悴，身上脏兮兮的，还诉说了被绑架的故事。我指出，审讯——此案中的审讯是以询问的方式进行的——应当侧重于我们推测会发生的事情上。不要采用指责的口吻，但要指出她跟父母亲之间有很多麻烦事，承受着很大的压力，心灵上受到了创伤，对考试产生恐惧，需要有个能保全面子的解脱。应当告诉她，她不必受到惩罚，她所需要的是别人的忠告和理解，这样她就会明白的。把这样的话挑明之后，她承认那是一个骗局。 不过，这也是一桩让你担惊受怕的案子。如果你的判断错误，后果会不堪设想。因为如果跟踪是别有用心的，那就可能是非常可怕，而且往往是严重的犯罪。 谈起跟踪，无论是对名人或者是对普通人，跟踪的原因大多出于爱恋或者仰慕。约翰·欣克利“爱恋”着朱迪·福斯特，希望她能够回报他的爱。可是她是个上了耶鲁大学的漂亮影星，而他则是个想吃天鹅肉的癞蛤蟆。他认为自己要做出某些举动来摆平一下，从而给她留下印象。还有什么能比刺杀美国总统这种历史性行动更能“给人留下深刻印象”呢？在头脑比较清醒的时候，他肯定意识到，今后和她一起幸福生活的梦想不可能成真。可是通过他的行动，他的确达到了一个目的：他出了名，而且在公众的心目中，他以精神病的形象永远和福斯特联系在了一起。 与这类案件中大多数情况类似的是，欣克利也有个直接的紧张性刺激。在他向里根总统开枪前不久，他父亲向他下了最后通牒，让他赶紧找一份工作来养活自己。 秘密特工肯·贝克到监狱里对杀害约翰·伦南的凶手马克·戴维·查普曼进行了一次访谈。查普曼认为自己非常崇拜原披头士乐队的伦南，于是从肤浅的层次上去模仿他。他把伦南的歌曲尽数收集起来，甚至模仿伦南与小野洋子的婚姻，与许多亚洲姑娘厮混。可是他也和其他许多人一样，终究不能与他的偶像同日而语。他意识到自己永远无法填补和偶像之间的差距，于是只好动手杀了他。令人震惊的是，查普曼竟在某种程度上促成了欣克利的犯罪并名扬天下(用臭名远扬这个词也许更加合适)。 我对阿瑟·布雷默做过访谈。他先是跟踪亚拉巴马州州长乔治·华莱士，继而在他竞选总统期间在马里兰州行刺他，致使州长终身瘫痪，苦不堪言。布雷默与华莱士往日无冤，近日无仇，在向华莱士开枪之前，曾经跟踪过尼克松总统几个星期，可是根本无法靠近。他开始铤而走险，想做出一些举动向世人表明他的价值。华莱士比较容易接近，但从根本上来说，他是在错误的时间出现在错误的地点的另一个受害者。 由跟踪转变为暗杀的案件数量大得惊人。在那些涉及政界人物的案件中，总有一个带有政治性的杀人的动机，尽管实际上作案者常常是一个原本无能，却想出人头地的无名鼠辈。而在涉及像约翰·伦南这样的名人或者影星时，那样的杀人动机就说不通了。这类受害者中最惨的莫过于1989年在洛杉矶自己公寓里遇害的21岁的丽贝卡·谢夫勒。这位光彩照人、才华出众的女演员是因在电视连续剧《我妹妹萨姆》中扮演帕姆·道波尔的小妹妹而一举成名的。她听见有人敲前门，刚把门打开就被人打了一枪。开枪的人是个来自图森的19岁失业青年罗伯特·约翰·巴尔多，此人失业前在玩偶匣俱乐部当门卫。巴尔多也像查普曼一样，起初是她的崇拜者，对她爱慕得如醉如痴，既然不能与她建立“正常”关系，他就决定以另一种方式“占有”她。 我们现在都已知道，跟踪对象并不仅仅局限于名人。经常有人遭到以前的配偶或者旧情人的跟踪。一旦跟踪者最后有了“如果我得不到她(或者他)，其他人也别想得到”的想法，那么情况就严重了。不过，吉姆·赖特——我们科里在处理跟踪案方面经验最丰富的专家，也是执法部门在这方面的一流专家——指出，那种与公众打交道的人，尤其是与女性，很容易受到跟踪。换句话说，跟踪者心目中的对象未必就是电视或者电影上的人。她可能就是一个街区开外的一家餐馆的女招待，或者是当地银行的一名柜员。她甚至可能是与他同在一个商店或者企业中的人。 在蒙大拿州米苏拉的康兰斯家具公司工作的年轻女子克里斯·韦尔斯就遇到过这样的事。克里斯工作成绩显著，深受别人尊重，逐步被提升为销售部经理，1985年升任主管经理。 克里斯在任期间，在大型零售商店里有一名叫韦恩·南斯的工作人员。此人不大与人交往，但对克里斯似乎情有独钟，而她对他也总是很客气，很友善。可是，韦恩是个反复无常的人，她发觉了他性格的另一面，觉得很可怕。不过，对韦恩的工作态度，谁也没有提出过非议。日复一日，他一直在努力地工作，干得比店里任何人都起劲。 韦恩·南斯迷恋着克里斯，可是克里斯和她丈夫道格·韦尔斯(他在当地经营一家枪支商店)却一无所知。南斯一直在观察她。他有一纸箱的纪念品，有她的快照，有她在办公室里写的纸条以及所有曾经属于她的东西。 还有一点也是韦尔斯夫妇和米苏拉警方所不知的，那就是，韦恩·南斯是个系列杀手。1974年，他猥亵了一个五岁小女孩并把她刺死。后来发现他还捆绑、猥亵、射杀过几个成年妇女，其中包括他好友的母亲。令人震惊的是，这些都发生在他所在县附近的几个县里。遗憾的是，即使在人口稀少的蒙大拿州，一个县的警察局并不知晓别的县的犯罪情况。 有一天夜里，南斯闯入克里斯和道格在市郊的家中。克里斯·韦尔斯根本不了解南斯的历史。他们家养了一条金毛猎犬，可是那狗没有阻拦他。南斯带了一枝手枪，朝道格开了一枪，把他捆到地下室里，然后强迫克里斯上楼进入卧室，把她绑在床上准备强奸。显然她是认识他的，而他也没有试图掩盖自己的身份。 与此同时，在地下室的道格从捆绑他的绳索中挣脱。他十分虚弱，疼痛与失血使他几乎昏厥。他跌跌撞撞地走到一张桌子旁边。那桌子上架着店里的一台装弹器。他勉强装上一发子弹，然后慢慢地、艰难地顺着地下室楼梯向上爬。等他悄悄地爬到二楼，到了走廊上的时候，他的眼睛看东西开始模糊了。他用只装了一发子弹的枪瞄准了南斯。 他得在南斯发现他之前把他干掉，不能等他拿起枪来，因为南斯没有受伤，而且枪里有好几发子弹，道格将不是他的对手。 道格抠动扳机，击中了南斯，把他打了个仰面朝天。可是南斯又爬起来，朝他扑过来。那一枪没有打中要害部位，南斯朝他所在的楼梯方向扑来。没有退路了。道格不能丢下克里斯不管，他只有一拼了。他朝南斯冲过去，把没有子弹的步枪当成棍子，不断用枪朝身强力壮的南斯身上砸，直到克里斯得以挣脱绳索前来助他一臂之力。 时至今日，韦尔斯一案仍然是很难得的案例。这件事真像个奇迹，因为他们是一个系列杀手意向中的攻击目标，但却能以自卫的方式回击并杀死袭击者。我们几次把他们请到匡蒂科给警官们讲课。这一对了不起的夫妇能从受害者变成英雄，这给予我们宝贵的启迪。经过了这次从地狱里逃出来的经历，他们显得异乎寻常地待人热情，心思敏锐，镇定自若。 有一次他们在匡蒂科讲完课之后，班上一名警官问他们：“如果韦恩·南斯仍然与你们一起生活在这个地球上，你们会不会还像现在这样毫无心理负担呢？”他们转身相互对视，无声地达成一致意见。“肯定不会。”道格·韦尔斯答道。