Chapter 11 Chapter Eight The Murderer Will Have Speech Impairment

One day in 1980, I read a story in a local newspaper about an elderly woman who had been sexually raped and beaten by an unknown intruder and then discarded as dead, she Beside him lay two stabbed dogs.The police judged that the perpetrator seemed to have stayed at the scene for a long time.The entire community was in an uproar and outraged. Two or three months later, on my return from my teaching tour, I happened to ask Pam if there was any new development on the case.She told me no, and no major suspects have been identified.That was too bad, I remarked, because from what I read in the papers, it looked like a crackable case.The case was not within the purview of federal jurisdiction, and we hadn't been invited, but as a local resident, I was determined to see if I could do something.

I approached the police station, introduced myself, told the chief of police what I did, and asked if I could speak to the detectives on the case.He graciously accepted my offer. The host detective's name is Dean Martin.I don't remember refraining from some kind of Jerry Lewis joke, but I probably didn't.He showed me the case file, including photos of the crime scene.That woman was indeed beaten badly.As I researched the facts of the case, I gradually formed a clear picture in my mind of the murderer and his motives for committing the crime. "Okay," I said to the police officers who listened to me politely, though somewhat suspiciously, "that's what I think." This was a high school kid of sixteen or seventeen.Whenever we come across an older woman as the victim of a sexual assault, the search is for a young perpetrator, someone who is unsure of himself, inexperienced, or inexperienced at all.As long as the opponent is younger, stronger, and more difficult to deal with, he will not dare to attack rashly.The man looked disheveled and had curly hair that was not usually combed much.What happened that night was that his mother or father threw him out of the house and he had nowhere to go.In this case, he won't go very far.Instead, he looks for the most convenient place to stay nearby.He wasn't on good terms with any of the girls or any of his companions enough to run to their homes for a sleepover until the family storm subsided.Feeling self-pity, powerlessness and anger at the situation as he wandered outside, he came to the door of the old woman's house.He knew very well that she lived alone and that he had worked in her house before, or had done odd jobs.He knew she wasn't much of a threat.

So he broke down the door, and maybe she protested, maybe she yelled at him, maybe she was just petrified.Whatever she reacted to angered him and empowered him.He wanted to show himself and the world what a man he was.He tried to have sex with her, but couldn't.So he beat her up, and at a certain point decided it was best to keep going, because she could recognize him.He was not wearing a mask, and it was an impromptu crime, not a premeditated one.However, she has suffered great psychological trauma, and even if she survived, she would not be able to provide the police with any description of the perpetrator.

After the violence, he still had nowhere to go, and she certainly no longer posed any threat to him, and he knew that there would be no visitors at night.So he lingered, eating and drinking, already feeling hungry. I interrupted the narrative to tell them that there would be someone nearby who fit that description.If they can find this person, they've got the killer. The policemen looked at each other.One of them had a smile on his face. "Douglas, are you a wizard?" "No," I replied, "if it were, my job would be much easier." "Because we had a wizard called Beverly Newton a few weeks ago, and she told you exactly what you said."

There was indeed a person nearby who fit my description and was briefly suspected by the police.After this meeting, the police interviewed him again.There was not enough evidence to detain him, and they were unable to obtain his confession.Soon after, he left the area. The Chief of Police and the detectives wanted to know how I was able to tell such a specific case since I was not a wizard.Part of the answer is this: By this point, I've seen a lot of violent crimes, put together a lot of details about each case, and interviewed enough violent perpetrators to form a pattern in my mind that tells me what kind of person I am. What kind of crime will be committed.But if the situation were so clear, we could write manuals to teach profiling, or provide the police with a computer program that, given any set of data, would produce a list describing the characteristics of a suspect.The reality is that, while we use computers a lot in our work, and computers can do some things admirably, there are some more complex things they simply can't do, and probably never will.Profiling is like writing.You can give a computer all the rules of grammar, syntax, and style, and it still won't be able to write a book.

What I do when I solve a crime is to gather all the evidence necessary to do it — the case report, the crime scene photos and descriptions, the victim statement or the autopsy report — and then put myself in the role of the murderer mentally and emotionally.I try to think the way he thinks.How this practice came to be, I cannot be sure, any more than novelists such as Tom Harris, whom I have consulted for years, have not been able to explain how their characters are created.If there is some supernatural element involved, I will not deny it, although I think it belongs more to the category of creative thinking.

Wizards occasionally help in criminal investigations.I have experienced its magic with my own eyes.Some wizards have the ability to subconsciously focus on specific details of a scene and draw logical conclusions from them, as I try to do and train my subordinates to do so.However, I always advise investigators that seeking the help of a witch should be a last resort; if a witch is indeed sought, he or she should not be put in contact with officers or detectives who know the specifics of the case.Because high-level wizards are good at catching non-verbal clues, and can tell you some facts of the case that you already know, but they may not have any special insight into the facts that you don't know but are eager to discover. In this way, he will make you admire him and build trust.In the case of the Atlanta Child Killer, hundreds of wizards flocked to the city, offering their services to the police.The descriptions they came up with of the murderer and his methods were varied.As it turns out, not even a single individual's claim came close to the truth.

Around the same time I was in contact with the local police, the police department in the San Francisco Bay area called and asked me to participate in the investigation of the serial murders.The crime took place in a densely forested area on both sides of the outing route.They found a suspect by stringing together the murders.The media dubbed it the "Forest Trail Killer". It all started in August 1979 when Ada Kane, a 44-year-old athletic bank manager hiking alone, disappeared while climbing the eastern summit of Mount Tamalpais, the scenic mountain that overlooks Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco Bay, and is known far and wide by the nickname "Sleeping Lady".Kane still hadn't returned after dark, and her worried husband called the police.The search team's police dogs found her body the next afternoon, naked and wearing only one sock, in a kneeling position facing the ground, as if begging for mercy.After forensic identification, the cause of death was a bullet in the back of the head.No trace of sexual rape was found.The killer took three credit cards and $10 in cash, but left behind a wedding ring and other jewelry.

By March of the following year, the body of 23-year-old Barbara Schwartz was found in Mount Tamalpais Park.She was stabbed continuously in the chest. Obviously, she was also stabbed to death in a kneeling position. One day in October, 26-year-old Anne Alderson went for a jog in the park and didn't come back that night.Her body was found the next afternoon with a gunshot wound to the right side of the head.Unlike previous victims, Alderson was fully clothed and leaned face up against a rock, except for the gold earring missing from his right ear.John Henry, a ranger at Mount Tamalpais Park, recalled that on the morning of her death, he saw her sitting alone in the park's amphitheater, watching the sunrise.Two other witnesses saw Ida Kane less than half a mile from where her body was found.

Mark McDermand is the prime suspect.His bedridden mother and schizophrenic brother were found shot dead in their cabin on Mount Tamalpais.After 11 days on the run, McDermand surrendered to Marin County Deputy Inspector Robert Gandini.Detectives were able to link him to the murder of his own family.However, while he owned quite a few guns, none of them matched the .44 or .38 pistols used by the Trail Killer.Soon after, the homicides resumed. In November, Shauna May, 25, failed to join two climbing partners at Point Reyes Park, a few miles north of San Francisco.Two days later, searchers unearthed her body in a shallow grave.They also found a carrion nearby. The deceased was a New Yorker named Diana O'Connor, 22, who disappeared in the park a month ago.Both women were shot in the head and died.On the same day, two more bodies were found in the park. It was confirmed that they were 19-year-old Richard Storrs and his 18-year-old fiancee Cynthia Moran, both of whom disappeared in mid-October. .Investigators determined that they and Anne Alderson were killed on Columbus Day weekend.

The earlier murders had caused panic among hikers in the area, with authorities putting up signs warning people, especially women, not to enter the woodland alone.However, four bodies were discovered in one day, which brought unprecedented chaos to the local area.According to several eyewitness accounts collected by Marin County Sheriff Albert Hornstein Jr., the victim was seen with strangers before his death, but key clues, such as age and facial features, Their accounts are contradictory.Incidentally, this is not uncommon even for a single murder case, let alone a multiple murder case spanning months.A rare pair of bifocal glasses was found at the scene of Barbara Schwartz's murder and apparently belonged to the killer.Hornstein disclosed the situation about glasses and optometry to the outside world, and distributed small leaflets to all local optometrists.Spectacle frames were apparently made at the prison, so Deputy Inspector Gandini contacted the California Department of Justice to try to identify all recent releases with a history of sex crimes.Various judicial departments and agencies around the world, including the FBI's San Francisco Field Station, are actively involved in the investigation of the case. There was speculation in the press about the case that the "Woodpath Killer" might be the "Zodiac Killer" of Los Angeles, a murderer at large who hadn't committed a crime since 1969.Perhaps the "Zodiac Killer" had spent years in prison on other charges before being released by officials who didn't know what was going on.But unlike the Zodiac Killer, the Trail Killer didn't feel the need to taunt or communicate with the police. Sheriff Howenstein brought in psychologist Dr. William Mathis from Napa County to help analyze the case.Dr. Mathis noted a ritualistic feature common to several of the cases, anticipating the killer's collection of mementos.He said any identified suspects should be followed for a week before being brought to justice, hoping he could lead police to the murder weapon or other incriminating evidence.As for his appearance and behavioral characteristics, Mathis's description is: a handsome man with a charming personality. On Mathis's advice, Hornstein and Gandini devised various proactive schemes, including having male park rangers dress up as female tourists, but to no avail.The public exerts enormous pressure on law enforcement authorities.The sheriff announced to the public that the murderer was dormant waiting for the victim to come to his door, and that he would traumatize them before committing the murder, possibly forcing them to beg for mercy. When the Bureau of Investigation's San Rafael permanent office asked for Quantico's solidarity, they first contacted Roy Hazelwood, our chief rape violence expert at Corey.Roy was a naturally sensitive, caring fellow, and this case touched him deeply.I remember him describing the case to me as we walked back from the building together to his office after teaching a National Academy course.I almost had the feeling that Roy felt personally responsible for the case, as if the FBI plus nearly a dozen local law enforcement agencies working together wasn't enough.It was up to him to solve the case and bring the killer to justice. Unlike me, Roy has full-time teaching responsibilities.At this time, I have already relieved most of the burden of classroom teaching, and I have become the only profiler in the Behavioral Science Department full-time to solve cases.Therefore, Roy proposed that I travel to San Francisco to provide the local police with some suggestions for handling cases on the spot. As noted earlier, Bureau of Investigation involvement often annoys local police.This situation was formed as early as the Hoover era.At that time, people often felt that as long as there were major cases, the Bureau of Investigation would send personnel to take over the investigation work.It is impossible for our department to intervene in a case unless it is invited—by the agency of the primary jurisdiction, the local police department, or even the FBI itself.But in the case of the Woodlands Killer, the Marin County Sheriff asked the Bureau to intervene early on, and with the hype in the media, I do feel they would welcome someone like me to intervene , to relieve their stress, at least temporarily. In the sheriff's office, I went through all the files and photos of the crime scene.I was particularly intrigued by Marin County Sheriff Rich Keaton's report, when he noted that the murders seemed to have occurred in wooded secluded areas where layers of foliage obscured much of the sky.Cars can't drive in that area, you can only enter on foot, and you have to walk at least a mile.The scene of Anne Alderson's murder is fairly close to a forest driveway, which is a shortcut to the park's amphitheatre.All this strongly suggested to me that the murderer was a local and knew the area like the back of his hand. I gave lectures in a large training room of the Marin County Sheriff's Department.The seats are arranged in a semicircle, much like a lecture theater in a medical school.About ten of the fifty or sixty people present in the room were Bureau of Investigation agents, and the rest were police officers or detectives.When I looked at the audience, some of them were gray-haired.Experienced retired police officers were also called in to assist in the hunt for the killer. The first thing I did was to question the conclusions I had reached.I don't think we're dealing with some charming, sophisticated, handsome killer.Repeated stabs and pounces from behind tell me we're dealing with a reclusive (though not necessarily antisocial) type of killer.The person is withdrawn, unsure of himself, incapable of speaking to his victims, and incapable of coaxing them to do what he wants them to do through rhetoric or coaxing.Travelers are all strong and strong.The lightning strike made it clear to me that the only way he could control his victim was by killing him off guard. The murderer did not know the victims.The fact that the crimes took place in remote locations, blocking the view of the outside world, meant that the killer actually had ample time to play out his fantasy drama on each of his victims.However, he still felt the need for a surprise attack.There was no rape, just corpses being manipulated; masturbation maybe, but no sexual intercourse.Victims were of all ages and sizes, and unlike those chosen by greasy, sophisticated murderers like Ted Bundy, they mostly belonged to the same image: pretty college girls with dark hair parted in the middle long hair. The Trail Killer has no preferences, waiting like a spider for a flying insect to throw itself into its web.I told the officers assembled there that I expected the guy to have a bad track record.I agree with Deputy Inspector Gandini: he's been in jail, and his convictions may include rape, or more likely attempted rape, but no murders prior to this string of murders.He may have had some sort of arousal-type catatonic stimulus before committing the crime.I concluded he was white because all the victims were white, and I assumed he had a blue-collar job like machine operation or factory labor.Given his efficiency and his success in eluding the police so far, I put his age in the mid-thirties to mid-thirties.I also thought the man was quite astute.Had he ever had an IQ test, his IQ would have been far above average.If we look into his background, there is a history of bedwetting, arson, and animal mutilation, or at least possession of two of them. "One more thing," I added after a short pause, "the murderer has a speech impediment." The facial expressions and body language of the audience are not difficult to read.They finally voiced what they might have been thinking all along: This guy is full of bullshit! "What prompted you to say that?" asked one officer sarcastically. "Do you think those wounds look like 'stuttering jabs'?" He grinned triumphantly. No, I explained, that I combined inductive and deductive reasoning, taking into account all the elements of the case, which I had already accounted for.The location was chosen to be secluded so that he was unlikely to run into other people.The fact that none of his victims had been approached or coaxed by him to go with him in a crowd; It all revealed to me that the person we were dealing with was embarrassed and ashamed of something about himself.Attacking a defenseless man, gaining dominion over him, is how he overcomes this obstacle. I acknowledge that this condition could be a disease or disability of some sort.From a psychological or behavioral point of view, this could be an unattractive person, someone with acne, polio, missing limbs, etc.But judging from the way he used the raid, we have to rule out the possibility of missing limbs or any serious defects.From the accounts of the eyewitnesses, and of all who visited the park before and after the murder, there was no mention of seeing a person with a serious physical defect.On the other hand, although the speech barrier makes the perpetrator easily feel ashamed and uncomfortable, which may limit his normal interpersonal communication, he will not "stand out" in the crowd.No one will know unless he opens his mouth to speak. It must have been an unnerving situation to face a roomful of battle-hardened police officers with such guidance on a case of such high stakes and with intense media and public attention.I hope to create this kind of atmosphere when interrogating prisoners, but I am afraid to avoid it at this time.However, you cannot completely avoid it.You can’t get rid of a thought that bothers you. The questioning of a police officer who was there that afternoon expressed the worry in my heart: "Douglas, what if you're wrong?" "I could be wrong about some things," I said as candidly as I could. "Maybe I'd be wrong about age. Maybe I'd be wrong about occupation or IQ. But he couldn't be wrong about having a blue-collar job. He had some kind of There's nothing wrong with the flaw, he's really struggling with it. Maybe it's not a speech impediment, but I think so." By the end of the lecture, I didn't know how influential I was or if my views were taken.But then a police officer came up to me and said, "John, I don't know if you're right or wrong, but at least you pointed the case in a direction." It's always comforting to hear that , although you often have to hold your breath and hold your breath until you see the final results of the investigation confirm your judgment before you dare to breathe a sigh of relief.I went back to Quantico, where the San Francisco Bay Area Sheriff's Department and the Police Department joined forces to solve the case. On March 29, the killer struck again, this time killing a young couple in Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park near Santa Cruz.When he told Ellen Marie Hanson, a 20-year-old sophomore at UC Davis, that he was going to rape her, she protested.Immediately afterwards, he killed her on the spot with a .38 caliber pistol, and at the same time severely wounded Steven Hattle, and then left thinking he was dead.But Heitl could only provide an incomplete description, pointing out that the killer had crooked yellow teeth.Based on this description and other witness accounts, the police were able to determine that the person was driving a new red foreign car, which was probably a Fiat, but this description was very different from the previous description.Heitl said the killer was about 50 or 60 years old and bald.The ballistic analysis report indicated that these shootings were connected to the previous "Bill Trail Killer" case. On May 1st, beautiful blonde Heather Roxanne disappeared.A 20-year-old student at a printing school in San Jose, she had talked about going out with an arts and crafts teacher at the school, according to her boyfriend, mother and roommates.The man, David Carpenter, had arranged for her to buy a car from a friend of his.Carpenter was in his mid-fifties, an unusual age for such a crime. From that moment on, it became clear that the French Open was tightening.Carpenter was driving a red Fiat with a dented exhaust pipe.This last detail is "reserved" information that has not been previously disclosed by the police. David Carpenter should have been recognized and captured long ago.In fact, he was unbelievably lucky, and the location of the crime involved the jurisdiction of multiple police departments, thus complicating the manhunt.He has a record of being incarcerated multiple times for sex crimes.Ironically, the reason he doesn't appear on the state's parole records as a sex offender is because he was released by California to serve a federal sentence, so while not in custody, technically Technically, he remains in federal custody.This took advantage of him.Another irony is the fact that Carpenter was ordered by the same optometrist as the second victim, Barbara Schwartz, and his glasses were found at the murder scene.Unfortunately, the optometrist hadn't read the bounty leaflets that were being circulated by the security authorities. Several more witnesses have come forward, including an elderly woman who recognized the composite portrait on television and identified the suspect as the purser on the liner she and her children traveled to Japan 20 years ago.The man's non-stop courtship to her daughter gave her "goosebumps". Peter Berest is the manager of the Glen Park branch of the Continental Savings and Credit Bank.According to his recollection, he had a part-time cashier, beautiful, alert and trustworthy, named Anna Kelly Menjiva, a high school student who disappeared at the end of December last year.Her body was also found in Mount Tamalpais Park, although she had not previously been linked to the "Woodpath Killer" case.Berest remembered Anna's gracious attitude towards the regular customer who stuttered badly.Berest later learned that he had been arrested at the Presidio in 1960 for assaulting a young woman.The Presidio is an Army installation in San Francisco's North Point. San Jose police and the Bureau of Investigation placed Carpenter under close surveillance and eventually brought him to justice.It turns out he had a mother who was overbearing and physically punished him and a father who was at least emotionally abusive.He was a child of extraordinary intelligence who was only teased by others because of his severe stutter.As a child he was characterized by constant bedwetting and the mutilation of small animals.As an adult, his anger and frustration turned into inexplicable tantrums and seemingly insatiable sexual urges. His first prison sentence was for assaulting a woman with a knife and a hammer in the Presidio, at a time when his marriage was strained and his baby was just born.The victim reported that his horrific stutter was gone before and during the savage rape. FBI Director William Webster formally authorized behavioral science instructors to offer counseling in psychological profiling in 1978, following a flood of requests from graduates of colleges across the country.By the early 1980s, the service was extremely popular.I was a full-time caseworker, and instructors like Bob Lester and Roy Hazlewood consulted as and when they could.But while we feel good about what we're doing and what we think we're getting, no one at the top really understands whether it's an efficient use of Bureau resources and people.So in 1981, the FBI's Institutional Research and Development Branch -- then headed by Howard Turton, who was transferred from the Behavioral Sciences Branch -- conducted the first in-depth cost-benefit study of the performance of what was then simply known as the Psychological Profiling Program .It was Turton's informal consulting work that kicked off the project almost by accident, and now he's trying to figure out whether it's actually paying off and whether headquarters should let it go. They developed a questionnaire that was distributed to our clients, officers and detectives in all law enforcement agencies that had ever received our profiling services.These agencies include state, city, and county police departments, the Department of Justice, FBI field stations, the Highway Patrol, and state investigative agencies.While most of the questions asked for answers relate to murder cases, the Institutional Research and Development Section also collects data on the types of cases we advise on: rape, kidnapping, extortion, intimidation, child molestation, hostage incidents, accidental death and Confirmation of suicide. For many at the Bureau, profiling remains a nebulous, difficult-to-evaluate concept.Many see it as witchcraft or magic, others see it as window dressing.We are therefore well aware that unless strong, testable arguments are made, all non-teaching work done in the behavioral sciences may be for naught. When the research report arrived in December 1981, we were all relieved and relieved.Investigators across the country have given us rave reviews and encouraged us to continue the program.The last paragraph of the postscript to this research report is summarized as follows: Evaluations show that the program was actually more successful than any of us really realized.The Behavioral Sciences Section is well deserved to be commended for its outstanding performance. Detectives generally agree that we do the best job of narrowing down the suspects and sharpening the focus of the investigation.Let me give you an example.Francine Elfson was murdered in the Bronx in October 1979, not far from the area where David Berkowitz haunted.The modus operandi is very cruel and appalling.In fact, New York City police are very worried that there may be a "Son of Sam" admirer who is emulating his hero.We are currently using this case as a textbook here at Quantico, because it is a good example of how we can create a profile and how the police can use it to promote a puzzling and long-term crime. An investigation into an unsolved murder is at work. Francine Elfson, 26, is a teacher at a local day care center, responsible for tutoring children with disabilities.She weighed 90 pounds and was just under 5 feet tall.Her compassion and caring for her students is rare.She herself suffers from a mild disability known as kyphoscoliosis.Shy and unsociable, she lived with her parents in a flat on Pelham Park Lane. As usual, she leaves for work at 6:30am.At about 8:20 a 15-year-old boy who lived in the same apartment building found her purse in the stairwell between the third and fourth floors.Because he had to get to school on time, he didn't have time to deal with the wallet, so he kept it by his side, and he didn't hand it to his father until he went home for dinner at noon.The father came to the Elfson home around 3 p.m. that day and returned the wallet to Francine's mother.She then called the daycare to reassure Francine that the wallet had been found.Elfson Sr. was told that her daughter did not show up for work that day.Shocked by the news, she joined another daughter and a neighbor in a search of the apartment building. On the roof platform of the well, they witnessed an extremely terrifying scene.Francine was naked, and her whole body was covered with marks of blunt force blows. The force of the attack was very strong. After forensic examination, it was found that her jaw, nose and cheeks were broken, and several teeth had been knocked out.Her limbs were separated and her wrists and ankles were bound with her own belt and nylon stockings, but the medical examiner confirmed that she was dead when bound.After she died, her nipples were cut off and placed on her breast.Her panties were removed and placed over her head, covering her face, and she had bite marks on her thighs and knees.The few stab wounds on the body were not very deep, suggesting that the killer used a pocket knife.Her earrings are placed on the ground on either side of her head in a symmetrical fashion.It was determined that the victim was choked to death by the killer using the straps of the victim's handbag.The killer wrote on her thigh: "You can't stop me."He also wrote the words "fuck you" on her belly.Another important feature of the scene is that the murderer defecated beside the body and covered the feces with some of Francine's clothes. Mrs. Elfson informed the police of a situation.Gone is the gold pendant that Francine used to wear around her neck, modeled after a Hebrew letter for good luck.When Francine's mother traced the shape of the gold pendant, the detectives realized that the ritual posture of the body was mimicking that shape. Police found semen on the body, but DNA classification assays were unknown to the forensic community as early as 1979.There were no self-defense wounds on the deceased's hands, and there was no blood or skin fragments between the nails, which indicated that the deceased did not struggle before death.The only conclusive evidence was a black hair found on the body during the autopsy. In examining the scene and establishing known facts, detectives investigating the homicide determined that the attack occurred as Francine was walking down the stairs.After she was beaten unconscious, she was carried to the roof terrace.An autopsy revealed she had not been raped. Because the case was appalling, it generated unprecedented public attention and media coverage.Police formed a task force of 26 detectives, interviewed more than 2,000 potential witnesses and suspects, and reviewed all known sex offenders in the New York metropolitan area.However, a month later, the investigation appears to be going nowhere. Thinking it wouldn't hurt to hear someone else's opinion, NYHA agents Tom Foley and Lieutenant Joe D'Amico got in touch with us in Quantico.They came to Quantico with case files and reports, photos of the crime scene, and autopsy reports.I met with Roy Hazlewood, Dick Alter, and Tony Ryder (who would later head the Behavioral Science Division) in the corporate cafeteria. I came up with a profile after reviewing all the evidence and case materials and putting myself in the shoes of the victim and the attacker.I suggested that the police search for a plain-looking white male, aged between twenty-five and thirty-five, probably in his mid-thirties.The individual was a disorganized, unemployed, primarily nocturnal individual who lived within a half-mile radius of the apartment building where the incident occurred, with his parents or an elderly female relative.He is single, has no relationships with women, has no close friends, dropped out of high school or college, has not served in the military, has low self-esteem, does not own a car or driver's license, and is or has been in a psychiatric hospital Treatment, attempted suicide by strangulation or suffocation, no drugs, no alcohol, extensive collection of pornographic material reflecting slavery and sexual sadism and masochism.这是他的首次谋杀，事实上是他犯下的首次重罪，但不会是他最后一次作案，除非被缉拿归案。 “你们不必跑老远去搜寻这个凶手，”我告诉办案人员，“你们已经与这个家伙谈过话。”他们可能早已约见过他及其家人，因为他们就住在那一地区。警察会发现他挺合作，可能过于合作。他甚至还会主动去找警察，让自己介入调查工作，以确保不会查到自己头上。 对于许多不熟悉我们办案技巧的人来说，这一切如同是在变魔术。可是，如果你有条不紊地照此办理，就能逐步了解我们是如何得出这些印象从而提出建议的。 我们首先确定的一点是：这不是蓄意谋杀，而是一起突发的事件。弗朗辛的父母告诉我们，她下楼有时是乘坐电梯，有时是步行。你无从推测在某个特定的早晨她的选择会是什么。如果凶手是埋伏在楼井处等候她的，就可能根本见不到她，而且不管怎样，还有可能在见到弗朗辛之前撞见其他人。 攻击时用的提包带以及受害者尸体上的所有东西都属于受害者。凶手没有携带任何凶器来到现场，只有那把袖珍折刀可能除外。他没有武器，没有强暴用具。他并未跟踪她，或者并未抱有犯罪意图来到现场。 这就引导我们得出下一个结论。假如作案者来到公寓楼时并未抱有犯罪意图，那么必定另有原因。在早晨7点钟之前到达那里并且在楼井处碰上弗朗辛的人要么就住在大楼里，要么在大楼里工作，要么对大楼的情况了如指掌。这可能意味着他是一名邮差，或者是电话公司或联合爱迪生电力公司的一名工人。不过我认为那不大可能，因为我们没有得到任何目击者的报告，而且从事这种工作的人显然不可能像他那样花上那么多时间与她呆在一起。实施最初袭击之后，他晓得可以把她转移到房顶平台处而不必担心被人打搅。再有，既然大楼里没有人发现过异常现象和异常人员，那么他肯定对那里的环境很熟悉。弗朗辛没有大声尖叫或者奋力挣扎，可见她可能认得他，起码是面熟。没有人发现那天早晨有什么陌生人或者不怀好意的人进出过大楼。 由于这次攻击具有性攻击的性质，我们相信我们要对付的人与她年龄相仿。我们指出年龄范围在25至35岁之间，很可能就在三十岁上下。单单根据这一条，我就可排除那个发现钱包的15岁小男孩(以及他那位45岁的父亲)作案的可能性。凭借以往的经验，我无法设想一个这么小年纪的人会那么野蛮地处置尸体。即便是蒙特·里塞尔，一个极端“早熟的”系列杀人犯，也没有用这种手段作过案。如此高级的性幻想是需要若干年时间加以培育的。还有，这个15岁小男孩是个黑人。 尽管验尸时采集到了黑人的毛发，我相信我们要对付的是一个白人凶手。我们很少发现这类横跨种族界线的犯罪；如果确有发现，通常还有其他案发缘由。本案没有这类证据。黑人作案者没有这样分尸的。即使说有，也是极个别的。大楼的前任黑人门房一直没有交还钥匙，被认为是重大嫌疑人，可我并不这么看。从行为科学的角度考虑他不会是凶手，而且如果他出现，肯定会被某些住户注意到。 那根毛发把犯罪与一名黑人作案者连在了一起，我对此如何解释呢？警察们都想知道。我解释不出，这多少使我有些不大自在，可我依然坚持自己的见解。 这次犯罪是“高风险”的，而受害者是“低风险”的。她没有男朋友，既不是妓女、瘾君子、抛头露面的漂亮女孩，也不是远离家庭、住在环境不好的地区。这栋公寓楼50％为黑人住户，40％为白人住户，10％为墨西哥裔美国人住户。大楼里以及附近一带没有过其他类似的犯罪报告。任何攻击者都会挑选一个更加“安全”的地方进行性犯罪。这一点，再加上缺乏准备的作案方式，皆把搜寻目标指向了一个盲目行动的凶手。 综合其他因素一并分析，我便得出了一幅更加清晰的图像，弄清了杀害弗朗辛·埃尔夫森的凶手属于什么类型。凶手曾经令人发指地对尸体做了性器官分解，并在尸体上行了手淫，但没有性交行为。非常明显，我们所寻找的这个成年男子缺乏安全感，性事方面不成熟，且功能低下。手淫是他对幻想了一段时间的某种仪式的表演。那粗暴的捆绑和性虐待的色情读物会激发有关手淫的幻想，这种手淫行为也标志着他是一个性功能低下的男子。请记住，他是在她昏迷或者死亡以后才将她的四肢捆绑起来的。他挑选的是一名小个子的文弱女子，还得实施闪电式袭击使其无法抵抗和非个性化，然后才将自己的幻想变为现实，这些只能更加证实了我心中的图像。假设他虐待的是一个活生生的、有意识的人，那么他的个性就会完全不同。实际上，他在与女性交往方面是困难重重的。如果他曾经约会过——我对此表示怀疑，他会去找更年轻的女性，那样他就更有机会进行支配和控制。 当类似弗朗辛的其他人出门上班时，他却在公寓楼周围转悠，这个事实告诉我，他没有一份有报酬的全日制工作。如果说有工作，那也是在打零工，很可能他是在晚间工作，不会赚很多钱。 我从中得出结论，他无法养活自己。这家伙不像许多油腔滑调的作案者，他无法对同龄人完全掩饰自己的古怪性格，这意味着他朋友不多，不会与他人同住一室。他可能习惯于晚间活动，因而不大在乎外表如何。既然不会同朋友住在一起，又没有独立生活的经济能力，他就会与父母住在一起，而我感觉可能性更大的是，他与单身父母或者诸如姐姐或姑妈一类的年长的女性亲属住在一起。他买不起汽车，这意味着他要么乘坐公共交通工具来到公寓楼，要么步行赶到那里，要么就住在大楼里。我认为他不会一大清早搭乘公共汽车来到那里的，他应该是住在大楼里，或者住在比如说方圆半英里的范围之内。 还有各种物品的仪式性摆放的问题，像割下的乳头、耳环、尸体的摆放等。此类强制行为告诉我，我要追捕的对象有着某些严重的心理问题和精神问题。我猜想他正在接受，或者起码接受过某种形式的医嘱治疗。这一点以及在清晨发案这一事实均表明，酒精不是促使他作案的一个因素。不管他的精神有什么毛病，他的情况正在恶化，身边的人应当有所察觉。很有可能，他以前曾自杀未遂，很可能使用的是窒息手段，即杀害弗朗辛所使用的手段。我敢打赌，他要么正在，要么曾经在精神病医院接受治疗。正因为如此，我排除了他服过兵役的可能性，并且认为他或者是中学退学生，或者是大学退学生，有过一段壮志未酬的历史。我有理由肯定，这家伙是初次作案，不过如果逍遥法外，这就不会是他的最后一次作案。我认为他不会再度出击。这次犯罪足以让他歇息几个星期甚至几个月。然而，当情况变得顺利时或受害者有机会再度送上门时，他还是会出手的。这便是他在尸体上留下的讯息。 他把尸体摆放成有辱人格、代表某种仪式的姿势，这一点告诉我，他对所犯罪行没有什么悔过之意。要是尸体被掩盖上了，我就会认为把她的内裤蒙在她脸上这一行为是一种迹象，表明他多少还是有歉意的，并且希望给她留下某些尊严，然而尸体被暴露无遗则推翻了这一点。所以，脸部被蒙上，更多的是要使她非个性化，使她备受侮辱，而不是表示什么关心。 有趣的是，他确实用了她的衣物掩盖自己的粪便。假如他在现场排便后任其暴露，那就可被解释为是他仪式幻想的一部分，或者解释为他进一步蔑视受害者个体或女性总体的表现。但是他将其盖上了，这个事实表明，要么他在现场停留了很久，没有其他地方可去，要么他无法控制住自己的神经，要么二者兼而有之。根据以往的办案经验，我认为他忍不住要在现场排便有可能是服药治疗的结果。 警方接到这个侧写后，重新审查了数目众多的嫌疑人以及被约见人名单。他们从中挖出了一个有性犯罪前科的嫌疑人，此人现已结婚并有了小孩。最初筛选出的名单上有22人，其中一人因十分符合侧写特征而引起了关注。 此人名叫卡迈因·卡拉布罗，32岁，失业的白人演员，与已丧妻的父亲住在埃尔夫森一家住的那座公寓楼，而且也住在四楼。他没有结婚，据称与女人交往有障碍。他在上高中时退了学，没有当兵的经历。当警察搜查他的房间时，发现了他收藏的大批反映性奴役和性施虐及性受虐的色情读物。他确实有过上吊和窒息之类自杀未遂的历史，有两次发生在埃尔夫森谋杀案之前及之后。 但是他有不在犯罪现场的证据。如我所推测的，警方曾经约见过他的父亲，如同约见过大楼里所有住户那样。卡拉布罗先生告诉他们，卡迈因是当地一家精神病院的常住病号，正在接受抑郁症治疗。于是警方很早就将他排除在嫌疑人之外。 有了侧写作指导，警方立即对他进行了复查，很快就发现精神病院的门卫制度极为松散。至此他们可以得出结论，卡迈因在弗朗辛·埃尔夫森被害的前一天晚上未经请假就擅自外出，他简直就是大摇大摆地走出去的。 谋杀案发生13个月后，卡迈因·卡拉布罗被拘捕，警方获得了他的牙齿印模。后经三名牙科法医证实，他的牙印与弗朗辛尸体上的咬痕完全吻合。这便成为法庭审判时的关键罪证，尽管卡迈因在审讯过程中声称自己是无罪的。最终他的谋杀罪名成立，被判处无期徒刑。 顺便说一下，结果发现那根黑人毛发与本案无关。验尸官办公室非常仔细地审查了全部程序，发现将弗朗辛·埃尔夫森的尸体运至停尸房所用的运尸袋先前曾用来装运过一个黑人男性受害者，再次使用之前未能进行彻底清洗。这一情况说明，法医证据本身也能误导人，如果它不符合调查人员对案件的总体印象，在接受其为证据之前警方应当认认真真加以核实。 这个案子的侦破使我们感到非常得意，我们更为得意的是在纽约与我们共事的许多人成为了我们的信徒，而这批人可谓是执法圈子里最敏锐、最老成的人士。在1983年4月的一期《今日心理学》上刊载的一篇论及侧写计划的文章中，达米科中尉写道：“他们把他描写得如此准确，以致我问过联邦调查局，他们为什么不把他的电话号码也一并告诉我们。” 文章发表以后，卡迈因从纽约州丹尼莫拉的克林顿教养院写信给我们，尽管文章中根本没有提及他和埃尔夫森的姓名。在这封杂乱无章、到处是语法和拼写错误的信中，他大致说了一些恭维联邦调查局和纽约市警察局的话，重申他是无辜的，并把自己与戴维·贝科威茨以及疯狂爆炸案中的乔治·梅特斯基归为一类人。他这样写道：“我并不是要反驳你们对本案凶手的侧写，事实上，我真的相信有两点你们是正确的。” 他接下去问道，我们有没有被告知尸体上有一根黑人的毛发，他认为他会因此被开脱罪责(这是我的用词，不是他说的)。接着，奇怪的是，他继续询问我们是何时得出侧写的，以及是否掌握了全部罪证。假如我们掌握了全部罪证，他就打算就此罢休；如果我们没有的话，他还会给我们写信。 我认为应该抓住这个机会，把卡迈因列入我们的研究对象。于是在1983年7月，比尔·哈格梅尔和罗莎娜·拉索一同前往克林顿教养院访谈了卡迈因。罗莎娜·拉索是任职于行为科学科的首批女性特工之一。根据他们的叙述，他神情紧张，不过挺有礼貌并愿意合作，诚如他先前对待警察那样。他大谈特谈自己的无辜以及即将进行上诉，申明他因咬痕证据而被定罪是不公正的。他已把牙齿拔了个精光——这样“他们就不能再指控我了”，他不无自豪地展示了空无一齿的口腔。除此之外，他只是重复了一遍他在信里说的话，不过哈格梅尔和拉索认为，他似乎对他们所从事的工作很感兴趣，不肯让他们离去。就是待在监狱里，他一直还是个孤独者。 卡迈因·卡拉布罗在心理方面严重错乱，对此我不表示任何怀疑。他的案子，他的背景，以及我们对他的访谈，无不显示出他没有任何接近于正常状态的地方。同时我依然相信，他像大多数心理错乱的人那样是能够明辨是非界限的。内心产生这些怪诞错乱的幻想并不是犯罪，而选择实施这些幻想且危及他人性命则肯定是犯罪。

---

Notes: