Chapter 25 Chapter 25 "Switching" and stock identification

Some people say that the stock market is like a huge stage, and the protagonist is indispensable.But this protagonist may be an honest investor, and more likely a liar.Indeed, since the advent of stocks, this small piece of paper has become synonymous with wealth, attracting countless investors in the stock market.Among them, there are many people who get rich by legitimate means, but there are also many people who have bad intentions and play tricks.These people have no moral standards at all in their minds. In order to achieve their goals, in addition to using the despicable methods we have introduced to you, such as insider trading, stock price manipulation, and fraud for personal gain, there are even more despicable people who actually create fake stocks. Fake it, and defraud it of money. In March 1992, the "Dai Li stock" fraud case heard by the Chongqing Intermediate People's Court was once a sensation, making kind-hearted people dumbfounded.

The main culprits in this fraud case are farmers Jian Changwen and Yang Shaoqi from Jiangjin County, Sichuan Province.A 47-year-old, elementary school education, a 33-year-old, illiterate.When some peasants took the lead in becoming rich during the reform and opening up, the two also racked their brains to make a fortune day and night. At the end of 1983, after Jane and Yang met in a hotel in Jiangjin County, they hit it off because of similar smells. After secret talks, they decided to use fake stocks as bait to carry out fraudulent activities. A few days later, the two met again at a hotel in Chongqing.At this time, Jian Changwen had refined the fake stocks.Although Jane and Yang are almost illiterate, at this time, with the words "300 million US dollars, Citibank of America" ​​on the "stock" with half English and half Chinese on the pad, a sly and satisfied smile appeared on the corners of their mouths.After some hard thinking, the two named the "stock" as the "Dai Li stock" of Dai Li, the former KMT military spy chief, and the scam was born hastily.

In order to confuse people, Jian Changwen also claimed to be the son of Dai Li, who had the legal right to inherit the "stock".At the same time, it also forged the "People's Republic of China (88) No. 12 Document" that rewards those who have made great achievements in handling stocks, and the receipt and seal of the stocks received by the Unfreezing Assets Special Office of the General Office of the State Council.The seal of the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, the seal of the Special Office of the State Council of the Communist Party of China, and the "Reward Registration Form", etc.After everything was ready, Yang Shaoqi found his old friend Hao, and lied that Jian Changwen was Dai Li's son, and that he had a $300 million stock in Dai Li's Citibank. Hand it over to the Ministry of Finance for cash, and promise to donate 30% of Hao's "stock" after the event is completed.Hao Mou was very excited and determined to do a big job.

Inspired by Jian Changwen and Yang Shaoqi, Hao and others who participated in the fraud, went around day and night, advocating that Dai Li's son did have 300 million US dollars in stocks, and he raised funds for him to unfreeze. Document No. 12 of the People's Republic of China, granting 5 types of bonuses: special class, or first, second, third class and economic quota.A material award of 1 million to 2 million yuan will be issued respectively, and the whole family will be given treatment such as living in a big city, traveling abroad, and arranging employment for their children.After intensive preparations, the bait was finally thrown out, and it was just around the corner that the fish would hit the bait.

Since the advent of "Dai Li stock", all money worshipers have worshiped it. In addition to Jian Changwen, Yang Shaoqi and the people who worked for them, there are also many volunteer propagandists in the society.Friends and relatives make friends and relatives, all rushing to raise funds, hoping to reach a well-off level as soon as possible after winning the award.The workers took out their only savings, the farmers sold their grain, pigs and sheep, and the cadres and employees showed their talents.In Jian and Yang's fraud stronghold, it was full of people, and it was very lively. Some people compared with each other how much they invested in order to get a "reward quota", and some even spent money on entertainment and went through the back door.It can be said that endless financial resources flowed in. From May 1989 to August 1990, Jian Changwen and Yang Shaoqi personally or through Hao and Luo who worked for them successively worked in Guang'an, Sichuan Province. counties, Shizhong District, Qijiang County, Jiangjin County, Yongchuan City, Beijing and other places in Chongqing City, engaged in fraud crimes. More than 170 people were defrauded by him, defrauding more than 150,000 yuan and more than 1,000 U.S. dollars.How could the deceived workers, farmers, and cadres have thought that the hard-earned money they had accumulated by frugalizing themselves would be used by Jian Changwen, Yang Shaoqi and others for sightseeing, eating, drinking, and reckless squandering.

According to reports from the masses, public security officers arrested Jane and Yang. They were sentenced to 15 and 10 years in prison for fraud.During the court investigation, the presiding judge deliberately read out the real situation verified by the public security organs in the Ministry of Finance, "Our Ministry has never received Dai Li's 300 million US dollars in stock and receipt certificates and lists, the receipts are purely forged, and the Ministry of Finance has never issued Documents related to remuneration after the assets are unfrozen.” The deceived never imagined that what they got for their hard work and a lot of money was just a piece of 16-carat waste paper.They became the victims of Jane and Yang's despicable trick of "stealing the beam and changing the post".

"Stealing beams and changing pillars" is the first strategy in the fifth set of battle strategies in "Thirty-six Strategies". Army combat, the array is divided into east, west, south, north azimuth arrangement.The front and back parts of the array are called beams, and the central part of the array is called columns. Elite soldiers are generally arranged in the direction of beams and columns.When fighting the enemy with the allied forces, change the lineup of the allied forces many times, secretly change its main force, and make it fail, so you can take the opportunity to control or annex it.If it is said that it is too insidious to plot against the Allies, then another interpretation of the plan is to secretly replace the enemy's beams with our army's beams, just like pulling the wheels, you can control the operation of the vehicle, remove the beams, Just like a house will collapse by itself, when fighting a strong enemy, you should first use various methods to mobilize and disperse the enemy's strength, so as to turn the strong into weak, and then you can win.

At the beginning of the Warring States period, the Jin State was jointly ruled by the four doctors of Zhi, Zhao, Han, and Wei.Among them, Zhishi is the most powerful.Its leader, Zhi Boyao, was arrogant and domineering, and asked the other three families to cede land to him, but Zhao Xiangzi firmly opposed it.This angered Zhi Boyao. In 451 BC, he joined forces with the Han and Wei families to attack the Zhao family. Zhi Boyao's three families besieged Jinyang City, Zhao's old nest, and failed to win for two years. Some of his subordinates offered advice: "Jinyang City is low-lying, we can dig Jin to flood the city, and Zhao's will not last long." Zhi Boyao immediately ordered The soldiers dug Jinshui and watched Jinyang being flooded. He proudly said: "Today we know that water can also subjugate the country, Jinshui can flood Jinyang, and the lands of Han and Wei also have Jiang and Fen waters that can be decisively irrigated." Han After hearing this, Ergong Wei couldn't help secretly chilling, and gradually had anti-intellectual thoughts.

At this time, in Jinyang City, the counselor Zhang Yutan also offered advice to Zhao Xiangzi: "Han and Wei are forced to follow #, if you can persuade the two to fight against wisdom, you can secretly replace Han and Wei as our army." Liang Zhu, the Zhi clan will surely collapse." Zhao Xiangzi immediately sent Zhang Yutan to sneak into the camps of Han and Wei, and persuaded the two princes: "Uncle Zhi is greedy, after the destruction of Zhao, he will definitely attack Han and Wei, and our three families should form an alliance. Let's destroy the Zhi clan together." The second prince immediately agreed, and immediately sent people to touch the embankment at night, and dug another water hole, so that the Jin water could flow back into the Zhi clan's barracks. , Zhi Boyao was killed, and the Zhi family's fief was divided among the three families.

Although "stealing the beam and changing the pillar" is a clever strategy in the military, it is synonymous with deceiving the superior and the subordinate and stealing the political power in life.It is despised by a gentleman.Broadly speaking, anyone who uses despicable means to exchange original things and deceive people with fake goods is called "swap", and using fake stocks to defraud people of money is a veritable "swap". In the history of U.S. stocks, there has also been a person who is famous for "stealing the beam and changing the post". This person is called Daniel Drew, and he worked as a cattle dealer in the countryside in his early years.In order to get a good price for his scrawny cows, he fed them with salt and did not let them drink water.When he drove the cattle to the meat market to sell, he gave them water to drink. The smoking cattle could drink 50 pounds of water, and instantly became fat and strong.Drew made a fortune by "salt irrigation".

Later, Drew marched into Wall Street and became a man of the day in the American transportation industry. In the fight against his opponents, he repeatedly succeeded. In particular, he used "water-mixed stocks" to make the millionaire Vanderbilt It almost went bankrupt. To deal with Drew, Vanderbilt planned to take control of the Erie Railroad and drive Drew off the board.To this end, Vanderbilt declared that he would spend millions of dollars on every share of Erie stock he could get his hands on until it was enough to take control of the company.Drew is not a fuel-efficient lamp, he is determined to outsmart Vanderbilt. To fight a financial war, of course money must be used as a weapon.It is generally believed that Vanderbilt's weapon is also the dollar.But Drew's weapon is the printing press.He rented a remote printing workshop, and in a short period of time, he printed 7 million US dollars of brand-new stocks.Without hesitation, Vanderbilt bought them right away.How did he know that these stocks are actually piles of waste paper. The flood of Yili stocks caused a sharp drop in the stock market, and the stock exchange panicked, but Drew made millions of dollars from it.Vanderbilt was furious when he discovered that the stock he had bought was tainted with a lot of "moisture." He bribed the judge to issue many orders to arrest Drew.The inventor of "watered stocks" was forced into hiding.A few months later, a confidant of Drew's son made a secret deal with Vanderbilt, returning all the money defrauded by "water-mixed stocks" to him. As a condition, Vanderbilt promised not to intervene with Yili again. .Drew was left aside and had no choice but to leave Erie in despair. Drew's fate once again eloquently proves that the law is ruthless. Those outlaws who succeeded for a while by "stealing the beam and changing the pillar", such as Jian Changwen and Yang Shaoqi, cannot escape the shameful end after all.For the majority of stockholders, while believing in the fairness of the law, they should also have a comprehensive and clear understanding of the stock and its recorded items, so as to improve their ability to distinguish the true from the false, so as not to be fooled. A stock is a certificate of ownership that represents the holder's ownership stake in the company that issued the stock.Therefore, the content on the face of the stock must indicate the basic situation of the joint-stock company and the capital situation of the issued stock, so that investors can have a clear understanding of it.There is no uniform regulation on the matters recorded on the stock certificates. Some matters recorded on the stock certificates are relatively simple and only contain some brief descriptions of ownership, while others are more complicated.Generally speaking, the facts recorded on the stock should include the following: The front of the stock should be printed with: the name of the company; the domicile of the company; where the company is registered according to the law and where it is registered and the date of incorporation; the name of the financial management agency, the document number and date of approval for issuance; Type, common stock or preferred stock; the total number of shares of the company, the number of shares issued this time and the amount per share; the name of the shareholder and the issue number of the stock; the date of issue of the stock, the name of the bank or trust company responsible for registering the transfer of the stock, the company The signatures of the chairman, the chief financial officer and the person in charge of the transfer agency and the company's official seal, etc. On the back of the stock, there should be some descriptions of the company issuing the stock, and the explanation and meaning of some abbreviations.There are also columns for signatures when transferring shares.When the holder of the stock decides to transfer the equity, he must sign his name and address in this column, and the transferee must also sign his name and address.Stocks are valuable certificates kept by shareholders for a long time. In order to prevent damage, fraud and forgery, the face value of the stock should not be too small. Better paper should be used for printing, and there should be watermarks or anti-counterfeiting secret marks. We hope that joint-stock companies should strictly follow the above-mentioned regulations when issuing stocks, and shareholders should also be aware of the items recorded in the stocks, so that those "stealers" will have no opportunity to take advantage of it. interests can also be protected.