Chapter 14 Chapter 13 Use of Postural Language in Debate

★Principles of using gesture language The use of gesture language should follow the principles of nature.Gesture is the external expression of an inner state, governed by emotions, feelings, interests, an inner expression, and it is a ridiculous idea to train it into a pattern.The more the true feelings are revealed, the more natural the movements and postures will be. The difference between natural and unnatural is like the difference between a bird song and a bird song imitated by a ventriloquist. You will only be moved by the latter, while the former can only make you happy for a while.If a man pretends to be rigorous and sharp, he will undoubtedly fail; if his words come from the bottom of his heart, even if he makes mistakes in rhetoric, he will not fail miserably.And to make the posture natural, one way is to regard yourself as a lecturer, imagine that you are explaining to a class of students, and imagine that other people's eyes are respecting your eyes.

Action and feeling happen at the same time, so we directly use the will to correct the action, that is, indirectly correct the feeling.When we feel brave, we become really brave.Using our whole will to achieve the goal is the best way to replace your fear with courage, but you must first prepare for all actions.If you want to say something, after thinking about it, you should come out quickly and take a deep breath to increase your courage. Here are the general principles you should follow: (1) Keep your posture natural (unless you are gossiping about others. Believe that habit becomes natural).

(2) Do not repeat poses (otherwise it can easily become boring). (3) Gestures should not only start from the elbow (otherwise it will make people feel that you are unnatural). (4) Do not end the pose too quickly (otherwise it will be dazzling). (5) The action should not be overdone (otherwise it will only make the audience pay attention to the action). ★Use of gaze language Psychological research shows that the eyes account for more than 80% of the total information that can be obtained by various sensory organs of a person. It is like a focusing mirror, condensing a person's charm and temperament.Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty said: "The vivid portrayal is all in the river." Tagore said it better: "Once you learn the language of the eyes, the changes in expressions will be endless."

In the debate, the use of eyes is rich and colorful.A successful debater must not only be able to use his own eyes well, but also be able to "read" the meaning of the opponent's eyes. Therefore, he must understand the language of eyes in various poses and with different expressions. Looking straight up means solemnity, squinting means contempt, looking up means thinking, looking down means shyness, staring closely means ordering, staring means hostility, looking up constantly means provocation, lowering eyebrows secretly means embarrassment, staring salute means respect, giving him a blank look means disgust, Open your eyes wide to express surprise, blink to express doubts, and squint to express happiness.

With the change of the eyebrows, the meaning of the eyebrows is wider.When happy, the eyebrows are open and smiling; when sad, the eyebrows are furrowed; when angry, the eyebrows are glaring; The most important thing about eye language is to emphasize the use of eyes.Generally speaking, different eyes express different emotions: clear eyes indicate open-mindedness; cunning eyes indicate evil intentions; bright eyes indicate spirit; eyes like beans indicate narrow-mindedness; persistent eyes indicate lofty ambitions; floating eyes indicate frivolity and shallowness; Wisdom in the eyes shows intelligence and alertness; dull eyes show preoccupation; firm eyes show self-improvement and self-confidence; sad eyes show self-abandonment.In addition, the mysterious eyes are a reflection of arrogance; the mysterious eyes are a reflection of cunning and adultery; The cold and dark eyes are the portrayal of evil and tricky.The eyes of the honest person are like a pool of clear springs, leisurely seeing the bottom; The eyes of the charming person are like the beginning of fragrance of spring flowers, and the first smile of summer plum;

Eye expressions are rich and colorful.The poet Gongmu once said: "The eyes are the windows of the soul, they will neither hide nor lie." Appropriate eye language will add luster to your argument. (1) Eyes: Watching means attention, ignoring means contempt, squinting means hostility, glaring means hatred, avoiding means guilty conscience. (2) Eyebrows: Squeezing eyebrows means joking, horizontal eyebrows mean contempt, vertical eyebrows mean anger, and lower eyebrows mean obedience. During the debate, look directly at the opponent with full attention, show a suspicious expression at the right time, and send a message to the opponent—I am listening carefully, and any loopholes and contradictions cannot escape my ears. Your speech has already caught me , I will immediately refute it—if the other party receives this kind of information, they may panic, and may even begin to suspect that they have made a mistake or missed something.When we speak, we must show full confidence and firm attitude.

There are three ways to use eye contact when speaking. One is scanning, that is to use the sight to move slowly from left to right or from front to back, scan the audience (generally applicable to large occasions), and pay attention to various reactions on the scene. The second is to look at each other, that is, keep smiling, look at a certain object, and make eye contact with it, so that the other party feels respected and increases the interest in listening (the best time for direct contact between eyes and eyes is two or three seconds. When both parties are silent When you are speechless, stop looking at the other person’s eyes or face to avoid further embarrassment).

The third is virtual vision, that is, the eyes are scattered (usually scattered in the middle or back of the audience), and they are not concentrated on a certain point.The natural and appropriate use of false vision, saccade and eye contact can avoid dull eyes. Never look around the room when someone is speaking to you.Even if you're listening, don't appear bored or interested in what's going on around you.If your listener does this, you can stop and watch with him, as if you're curious about what he's discovering, and ask, "Oh, I'm interested in what you're looking at?" and continue the conversation.Therefore, our eyes must meet the active audience who can't stop nodding, fixate on someone for a few seconds, then turn to others, look around the whole crowd, and focus on the key figures in the crowd.

As a silent language, body language can enrich the vividness and authenticity of your conveyance, and sometimes it is more expressive and appealing than vocal language, adding infinite elegance to your argument.Whether you are talking with people in daily life or negotiating with people at work, if you only pay attention to expressing information with language and ignore body language, you will not only make yourself look too rigid, but also lose some meaning conveyed by body language. ingenious method. ★Use of emoticons Expressions are the screen of the human mind, which faithfully reflect the complex and changing inner activities of both sides of the debate.When speaking in a debate, you should pay attention to the clarity, sincerity, and measure of your own expression, and restrain the expression that affects the communication effect; state of mind or insincere words.Facial expressions include changes in facial muscles, eyebrows, and lips, among which smile is the basic form of facial expressions.Learning to smile sincerely will help achieve the purpose of the debate.

Carnegie, a famous American educator, said that Roosevelt's whole body was like a machine expressing emotions when he talked about Roosevelt's speeches, and his face was full of moving emotions.This makes his speech stronger, more courageous, more lively. Let's look at some common facial expressions: A protruding jaw indicates aggressive behavior; Tighten the jaw to express fear and tameness; Caressing the jaw expresses disquiet or confidence; When sad, the corners of the mouth are drawn down, when happy, the corners of the mouth are raised, when wronged, the mouth is pursed, when surprised, the tongue is open, when hatred is gnashed, and when the patient is patient, the lower lip is bitten;

Raising the lower jaw and sticking out the nose is a sign of arrogance, arrogance and stubbornness; Touching your nose with your hands is suspicious of the other party; Touching the earlobe with the hand indicates self-indulgence; Some facial expressions are listed above.If they cooperate with each other and are used comprehensively, according to the content requirements of the debate, and according to the emotional control of the debater, it can produce emotional colors such as anger, fear, joy, jealousy, love, tension, pride, sadness, satisfaction, and sympathy. First look at the facial activity from the two extremes of emotion, "pleasant" and "unpleasant": Pleasure: ① mouth corners pulled back; ② smile muscles raised; ③ eyebrows flattened; ④ eyes narrowed; ⑤ pupils dilated.It is "eyebrows and beards closed in a pile". Unpleasant: ① drooping corners of the mouth; ② drooping cheeks; ③ furrowed eyebrows; ④ long face.It is "pull like a horse's face". Naturally, it can be more specific: 1. An expression that expresses interest, joy, joy, happiness, and excitement The eyebrows are thrown up, the corners of the mouth are down, the nostrils open and close normally, the mouth is open, and the pupils are open. 2. Expressions of contempt, ridicule, etc. The composition of the face: the angle of view is slanted, the eyebrows are flat or pinched, and the cheeks are raised. 3. Expressions of pain, crying, etc. The combination method is: frown, squint, wrinkle nose, open mouth, pull down the corners of the mouth, with vocal transmission. 4. An expression of anger and anger The combination method is: eyes wide open, eyebrows erect, mouth corners drawn, teeth clenched. 5. Expressions of astonishment and fear The combination method is: raise the eyebrows, open the eyes and mouth, and take a deep breath. The following emphasizes the expression of smiling during the debate.A smile is a benign facial expression that reflects a person's inner world, a sign of self-confidence, a sign of politeness, an externalization of self-cultivation, and a manifestation of emotion.Used in debates, it can symbolize cheerfulness and gentleness, establish a harmonious atmosphere, eliminate conflicting emotions, stimulate emotions, and alleviate conflicts.The smiling technique can be used in the following situations: (1) When expressing emotions such as praise and praise; (2) When paying attention to debaters, hosts and audiences; (3) When facing the opponent's question; (4) When expressing to the audience; (5) When expressing some feelings that are not contrary to a smile. Do not smile in the following situations: (1) When expressing negative emotions such as grief, thinking, pain, anger, disappointment, disgust, remorse, criticism, and debate; (2) You have completely let go, you don't feel tense, there is no need to use a smile to control your emotions, and you relax when you are tense. In short, facial expressions should be used in a timely, appropriate, appropriate, and appropriate manner, and should not be dull, insincere, obscure, and artificial. ★Use of sign language Gestures can constitute a rich and colorful main image of the debater, making the expression full of infectious power. In debates, especially in arena debates and court debates, the use of gestures can form a rich and colorful main image of the debater, making the expression full of infectious power.Natural and stable gestures can help the expresser explain the problem calmly; sharp and powerful gestures can help the expresser sublimate his feelings; steady and reserved gestures can help the expresser express his feelings. 1. Principles to be followed in using sign language There are certain principles to follow when using gestures.One is to make some open gestures instead of some closed gestures; the other is to imitate deliberately in order to get used to it. 2. How to use sign language There are certain ways to use sign language. Hand movements are an important part of gesture language.Some people say that hands are the second face.The meaning of gesture expression is quite rich, which can be roughly divided into the following four types. 1. Pointing gestures Pointing gestures are used to point out people, things, directions, etc., and there are often more than one gestures that express the same meaning.For the simplest gestures to indicate "I", there are those who lightly press their chests with their hands, those who point their index fingers to their noses, and those who point to themselves with their thumbs. 2. Symbolic gestures Symbolic gestures are used to express abstract concepts, and can be used in conjunction with spoken language to inspire the audience's thinking and arouse their associations.For example, when expressing "We are young people who are heading towards the 21st century. When Hong Kong returns to the motherland, we will use our lives together with our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to create the glory and prosperity of the future." bright future. 3. Gestures of affection Affective gestures are mainly used to express the speaker's emotion.For example, Fang Ji highlighted Chairman Mao's gestures when he bid farewell to the soldiers and civilians in Yan'an in the article "Between Waving Hands".When the senders waved desperately to the plane, "the chairman also raised his hand, and lifted his dark gray helmet very slowly, as if he was lifting a very heavy thing bit by bit. , little by little, until it was raised above the top of the head, and suddenly with a strong wave, it stopped in the air and remained motionless." Between the raised hands, there was a deep feeling of farewell, pain and parting, and concern for the country and the people. 4. Pictographic gestures Pictographic gestures are used to describe and describe the appearance of specific things or people.Deaf-mute people often use image gestures when talking to visualize the content of expression, so that the other party can receive information through vision, complicate it in the mind, form the image of the original thing, and achieve the purpose of communication. In debates, according to the range of hand movements, the gestures are generally divided into three areas: the upper area is above the shoulders, which mostly express positive, exciting, affirmative, publicity and other meanings; the middle area is from the shoulders to the waist, expressing frankness and calmness , harmony and other narratives, explaining the neutral meaning; the lower area is below the waist, which mostly express derogatory meanings such as hatred, contempt, depression, and negation. The direction of gestures is up or down, forward or backward, inward or outward, and gestures The stereotypes and indeterminations of stereotypes can also have different meanings, and attention should be paid to choosing them according to the meanings commonly understood by the nation, and appropriately reflecting individual characteristics. In debates, especially in arena debates and family debates, the use of gestures can form a rich and colorful main image of the debater, making the expression contagious.Natural and stable gestures can help the expresser explain the problem calmly; sharp and powerful gestures can help the expresser sublimate his feelings; steady and reserved gestures can help the expresser express his feelings. Sign language is very rich, and there is no fixed pattern. To be an excellent debater, one must observe life carefully, train hard, and actively put it into debate practice. 3. The proper position of the hand If possible, forget about them and let them hang naturally on either side of the body.In case you feel cumbersome, you can also put them in your pocket or on your back.In short, you don't pay attention to whether your hands are in the way of your movements, and you don't have to worry about what audience will notice the position of your hands.When it's time to apply them, they can be lifted up immediately, or put down.However, you should not deliberately cross your hands on your chest, let alone forcefully support it on the podium, as this will prevent your body from moving freely.But to deliberately play with one's clothes with two hands will only appear foolish. ★Use of body language The body language here specifically refers to a person's sitting, standing and walking postures.These gestures are an important part of what people say and can express things that words cannot express.We should pay attention to the use of body language. ◎Basic methods of using body language 1. Standing posture Standing posture is one of the basic postures for speeches. It is generally divided into two forms: natural posture, where the feet are basically parallel and shoulder-width apart;Regardless of the standing posture, shoulders should be flat, waist straight, body upright, and standing firmly; the center of gravity of the body should be evenly distributed between the two feet, or fall on the front foot according to the needs of expression. The image of stalwart.Don't lean back with your upper body back, put your weight on your back feet, don't shake from side to side, don't tremble or shake your legs, so as not to give people a feeling of rashness, arrogance or panic. 2. Sitting posture The sitting posture is the basic posture for listening and speaking.Any kind of sitting posture unabashedly reflects a person's psychological state.For example, looking up, leaning on the seat, reflecting arrogance and disrespect; leaning the upper body slightly forward, with the head sideways to the speaker, is a posture of listening attentively; leaning back and putting feet on the tea table or table in front of you , is a manifestation of indulgence; sitting in a corner of a chair with a bow or sideways is a reflection of humility or restraint; a sitting posture with legs crossed and shaking from time to time shows that the obedient person is absent-minded; the obedient person changes his sitting posture to reveal tiredness, impatience or want to express opinions mentality. In debates, especially in some formal occasions, in order to fully demonstrate style and convey emotions, it is best to use a standing posture.There are many benefits to using standing posture. First, it is full of vigor and spirit, showing great enthusiasm for debate; second, it can ensure the smoothness of the resonance cavity, which is conducive to vocalization; third, it is conducive to the expression of gestures and clothing. . 3. Walking posture The posture is the prelude to the debate and gives the audience a first impression.The correct way to walk is that when you start, put your left foot forward about 75 cm and land on the ground, move your body forward, and follow this method with your right foot; keep your upper body upright and lean forward slightly; Stick it on the second joint of the index finger; swing the arms back and forth naturally. When swinging forward, bend the elbows, close the forearms naturally inward, and turn the palms inward slightly downward. At the same height, about 25 cm away from the body; when swinging backwards, the arms should be straight, and the front side of the wrist should be about 30 cm away from the trouser seam. The walking speed should be 116 to 120 steps per minute.When walking, keep your head upright, your neck straight, your chest up and your abdomen in, and your eyes look straight ahead. Don't look around, shake your head, or bend your back. Don't hook your shoulders, don't put your hands behind your back, intervene, or hold your hands; there must be a clear sense of rhythm, and don't be sloppy.It is better for men to walk in big steps, and for women to walk in broken steps. ◎Use of body language in different expressive environments 1. Body language in conversation Most of our conversations choose to sit.There are many different ways to sit. Some people like to sit in the middle of the crowd, some like to sit in the corner of the venue, and some like to sit on the periphery of the audience.Of course, it is best to sit facing the audience, and the body should be naturally upright, and you must not lean on the chair, cross your legs, or put your arms on the back of the chair, so that the audience feels that you have despised you, and finally despised you. 2. Body Language in Speech/Debate Speeches (including debates) mostly choose standing postures.The feet are the chassis of the human body and should stand upright and steady.There are two suitable standing postures: one is the "half-split style", that is, the feet are shoulder-width apart, the center of gravity is equally divided on the two feet, and the toes are facing forward; With the feet behind, the center of gravity is mainly on the back feet, so that the two feet can be switched to rest and reduce fatigue.It should be noted that you can't scratch your head, and you can't maintain a single posture. Before speaking or debating, you should observe the arrangement of seats, and then purposefully express and introduce in different places, so that everyone can keep the same distance from you, which will further enhance your enthusiasm with every audience and intimacy.Moving blindly will only give away your nervousness and give your opponent an opportunity to take advantage of it. Walking can achieve three effects: one is to approach the audience and mobilize their participation; the other is to keep each audience at an equal distance from you; the third is to attract the attention of the audience, emphasize the key points, and change the rhythm or mood. ◎The meaning of different gestures ① Slight shaking of legs or feet indicates nervousness; ② When it comes to excitement, some people like to put one foot on the other; ③The pointing degree of the toe is related to the emotion of the expresser towards the debater, if it is too biased, it will give people a feeling of "not too enthusiastic"; ④Frequently inserting the hands into the pockets gives a nervous expression, especially the outward appearance of the thumbs is even more unsightly, and inserting the thumbs of both hands in an inverted figure-eight shape gives a sense of majesty; ⑤ Straight waist reflects high spirits and full of self-confidence. If it is overdone, it will give people a arrogant attitude; ⑥ The recoiler gives people a sense of sincerity; ⑦ Protruding abdomen means self-confidence and satisfaction, deliberately showing a sense of arrogance; ⑧ If it is not because of the weather, unbuttoning the jacket means that you are calm; ⑨ Pat yourself on the abdomen to show that you are graceful and magnanimous; ⑩Shrug your shoulders or demonstrate to scare the other party, and cooperate with shaking your head or moving your hands to express that you don't understand or can't do anything. Also note: Raise your head to express reverie, arrogance, etc., nod to express agreement, joy, salute, affirmation, recognition, thanks, promise, satisfaction, recognition, understanding, obedience; shake your head to express negation; tilt your head to express doubts; tilt your head to salute to express innocence; hold A head expresses disapproval; walking with the head down expresses a lot of preoccupations, and a quicker and more relaxed pace expresses "splendoured in the spring breeze". When debating, especially in some formal occasions, in order to fully demonstrate style and convey emotion, it is best to use a standing posture.There are many advantages to using standing posture. Firstly, it is full of vigor and spirit, showing great enthusiasm for debate; secondly, it can ensure the smooth flow of the resonance cavity, which is conducive to vocalization; thirdly, it is conducive to the expression of gestures and clothing. . The standard stance specifications are as follows: ①Standing up the chest, tightening the abdomen, being full of energy, sinking the breath; ②Shoulders are relaxed, and the center of gravity is mainly supported on the soles and heels of the feet; ③The spine and back are straight, and the chest is slightly forward and upward; ④ Legs should be stretched straight to stabilize the center of gravity. ★How to dress and dress up before the debate A debater must have a beautiful voice, a beautiful passion, a beautiful skill, and a beautiful appearance.According to one's own body shape, personality and hobbies, age and occupation, charm cultivation and expression theme, be decent, generous, well-proportioned and harmonious. ◎How to match clothes How, so far as the debater is concerned, can produce the best effect of beauty?Here are a few color matching methods: Similar colors match.Such as dark red with light red, cyan with sky blue, brown with orange, dark green with light green, etc., this collocation looks soft, harmonious and elegant. Close color matching.For example, red and orange match, yellow and grass green match, white and beige match, etc., so that it looks soft and elegant. Strong color match.Such as white with black, red envelopes with turquoise, yellow with purple, etc., it looks gorgeous and bright. Of course, when color matching, you must fully consider your age, skin color, temperament, personality, professional characteristics and the environment you live in, so as to obtain satisfactory results. ◎Basic ways to dress up 1. Travel light and remove items such as watches, bracelets Try to wear as few ornaments as possible during the debate. On some warm and solemn occasions, wear fewer but more refined ornaments. Necklaces, rings, boutonnieres, earrings, etc. should not be eye-catching in color or style. 2. Facial makeup should be understated to show an ordinary and natural beauty The face should be clean, the hair combed neatly, and the beard trimmed.To keep teeth white, no foreign matter between teeth.Men's hair should not be too long, and women's hairstyles should be simple, smooth and natural.In some places where the venue is slightly wider, in the face of strong light, light makeup can be applied, but it should not be too dramatic. 3. You should choose clothing styles and colors according to your body shape to make your image more attractive The style should be generous, decent and coordinated.For short and fat contestants, the dress code should be low-necked, loose, dark, and soft.Short and thin debaters should not wear too large and large plaid tops. They can choose to wear light gray, light yellow, brown and other colors with a sense of expansion.A tall, thin debater is suitable for wearing a loose jacket with a large shawl with a shoulder pad. A jacket is suitable for this type of man.When wearing a suit, you must choose a high-quality one. A poor suit will damage your image. In terms of color matching, it is not suitable to dress in a single tone, but to pursue changes on the basis of a certain basic tone.The color matching should not be complicated, generally no more than three colors, and do not use the same proportion of color matching.If the debate is held at night, the color matching of the clothes should take into account the color of the lights in the venue, and it is best to choose clothes under the lights. ◎Choose the right outfit You should choose clothing styles and colors according to your body shape to make your image more attractive. The style should be generous, decent and coordinated. Chunky type: The dress code is low collar, loose, dark, light and soft. Short and thin type: You can’t wear too large and large plaid tops, you can choose to wear light gray, light yellow, brown and other clothes with swelling colors, and wear straight pants to cover slightly higher heels. Tall, long and thin type: It is advisable to wear a loose top with a large shawl with shoulders. This type of man wears a jacket very well.To choose a sense of expansion of the color. When wearing a suit, you must choose a high-quality suit. A poor suit will damage your demeanor and make you look like a wretch. A dark suit should be matched with a white shirt, black shoes and black socks.Men can choose to wear a separate suit top, which can be worn flexibly underneath. When wearing a suit, you should also pay attention to the matching of ties. Silk and rayon ties are suitable for solemn suits, and floral suits are suitable for all kinds of ties. In terms of color, it is not advisable to dress in a single tone, but to seek changes based on a certain basic tone.Don't be too complicated when color matching, generally no more than three colors, and don't use the same proportion of color matching.If the debate is held at night, the color matching of the clothes should take into account the color of the lights in the venue.In light, all colors take on some yellow tinge.Yellows look almost white, oranges turn yellow, light blues turn green, dark blues turn black, violets turn red, bright greens turn dull...so the debate if it's at night, choosing clothing is best in light color matching.