Chapter 18 18. Micro Common Sense

Constitution: Liang Shuming said: The modern constitution was first produced in Europe, first of all in Britain, and one of its important starting points was to limit the power of the king.In other words, it is too much to limit the power of individuals.With a constitution, everyone from the head of state to ordinary citizens must abide by it, and all are equal before the law. No one is allowed to be placed above the constitution...Comment: The constitution is to limit the harm of public power to the people, and the people Will not be unconstitutional. Guiqiu: In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Muan, a salt official, had just left the government office, and met an old woman who complained. It turned out that her husband married a concubine and drove her out of the house, so she came to cry.Zhang Mu'an said with a smile: I am a salt seller, I don't care about being jealous... I filed a wrong complaint and went to the wrong door. Young people make such mistakes because they lack knowledge. If they are old and ignorant, it is unforgivable.It is justifiable that this happened in the Qing Dynasty. If it still happens now, it would be too stupid.

Compromise: In ancient times, doctors never treated seriously ill patients, because if the treatment failed, the family members of the patients would demand compensation.This has led to the fact that patients who really need doctor's treatment are not treated and can only die.In the end, a compromise was reached between the doctor and the patient: the patient must allow the doctor to have incurable diseases, and the doctor no longer chooses the patient... Bureaucrats are just like doctors, they are just eating, don't expect them to solve the problem, you A compromise must be sought.

Talent: Confucius stayed in Weiguo in his later years, because his disciples Ran You and Fan Chi defeated Qi State’s invasion of Lu State, so Lu State sent three ministers, “holding thick coins”, that is, bringing a lot of money to welcome Please Confucius, the condition is to support Confucius with the best conditions.In addition, the king of the state of Lu also wanted to call Confucius Father, and he called him Nifu. This last condition moved Confucius.This story tells us: If you don't respect talents, sooner or later you will have to call them daddy. Strange: There is a strange country Portugal.Someone once went to find the reason why it once ruled the world, and was surprised to find that the founding of Portugal was not done by massacre, but by knights.The knights who advocated the independence of Portugal had three rounds of contests with the opponents. The former won, and the country became independent. Their politics is not conspiracy politics, but honesty and frankness. You get eternal trust and honor.

Zeng Guofan, who taught his younger brother Zeng Guoquan to read, chose three types of articles: one is a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, which is used to establish the values ​​​​of the educated, to clarify right from wrong, and not to be confused.The second is well-written argumentative essays, which are used to learn to analyze facts and improve critical thinking skills.The third is gorgeous little prose, which is used to improve people's taste and bring out some fun in life.Now education also follows this approach, but it is too trivial, and the fundamental purpose of learning is forgotten.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the West played the public law of all nations, while China played the vassal state. The rules of the two are completely different.The Japanese are Westernized in an all-round way, leaving Asia and going to Europe. They understand the rules of the West and the rules of China. In 1866, France and the United States both wanted to take down China's vassal state Korea, but they all failed, while Japan, which was far less powerful than France and the United States, succeeded.The weak who know the rules can play, and the strong who don't understand the rules can play to death.You can only win if you understand the opponent's style of play.

Speaking of history, we must distinguish it from politics.If you are afraid of mistaking politics for history, it will be difficult to have a dialogue.History rarely has a point of view, it is just a narrative of events, and events will contradict each other because people themselves are contradictory.Politics is all about labeling, drawing conclusions and ignoring events.For example, labeling Wu Xun, who is begging to run a school, as a bad person is called politics.And it is history to tell the process of Wu Xun using begging to promote Yixue. Wang Anshi reformed the law and enriched the treasury through state management.Sima Guang objected: Don't you just want to steal money from the common people?Wang Anshi: The imperial court can get money without robbing the common people.Sima Guang: The total economic output of a country is fixed. It is common sense that when money enters the treasury, it is not in the hands of the people.Wang Anshi: Your Majesty, Sima Guang is not in harmony, hurry up and let him silence... Sima Guang was banned, the Northern Song Dynasty was rich and the people were poor, and then the country was poor and the people were poor, the tragedy of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Zhao Jianzi said: Zhao has Dujia, Jin has Duoming, and Lu has Confucius, if you kill these three, I will be the most powerful person in the world.So he killed Dujia and Duoming first, and then greeted Confucius on the river with fat beef, intending to kill him.Confucius ate the fat beef, looked up to the sky and screamed: "I lost your mother, do you think I am short-hearted?"You have killed Du Jia and Duo Ming, they are sages in the world and my kind.Kill my kind, can I still go?After eating the beef, board the car and turn back. Liang Shuming said: First, the three armies can win the commander, but the common man cannot lose the ambition!Second, learning is to solve problems, and true learning is to solve one's own problems.Three, three stages of life: chasing seeking, disgusting, solemn.4. The more you see the truth clearly, the more you feel that you have nothing to say. It is better not to say anything.Fifth, don't become a few people's advanced studies, and should devote more efforts to popularization rather than improvement.Popularization, civilianization.6. Reconcile and maintain.

Jiang Jingguo ruled southern Jiangxi when he was young.Someone passed by his apartment and found many rickshaws parked outside his door. People who saw it felt strange and thought to Xiao Jiang, why all his guests came in rickshaws, and no one came by car?Go in and take a look, hey, it turns out that Chiang Ching-kuo's guests are all rickshaw drivers... People at the time commented: Chiang Ching-kuo's good governance is due to his closeness to the grassroots.If you bite the root of the vegetable, you can do everything. Yang Xingfo is two years younger than Hu Shi, but Hu Shi gave him lectures, and the two have a teacher-student friendship.Later, Yang Xingfo became Sun Wen's secretary. Out of political reasons, Yang Xingfo publicly scolded Hu Shi, but privately apologized to Hu Shi.Scolding the teacher for profit made Hu Shi have nothing to do with him.But Yang Xingfo forgot that the teacher is not his enemy.Later, Yang Xingfo was killed by Dai Li, the reason was to kill him to remind others... People who don't cherish their reputation will inevitably be despised.

In the late Qing Dynasty, education was established, enterprises were established, and public opinion was banned, but they still perished. Why?There is a saying that Chinese people are clumsy at reform and fond of violence.In fact, this is not the case, but the reform must seize the opportunity, and slowly release the violent factor in power while you are still taking the initiative.However, all rulers have a strange problem of pushing back and forth. Before one foot is in the coffin, they will die and refuse to budge.The result is always a missed opportunity for reform. Liang Qichao once warned Liang Sicheng, who had been studying in the United States for three years, to spend some time studying common sense, especially literature or humanities, and a little more effort would yield great gains.I am deeply afraid that because you are too single-minded in what you study, you will make your colorful life dull. If your life is too monotonous, you will easily get bored, and being bored will become a trouble in your life. This is the root of being tired of learning... Book It is suitable for miscellaneous reading, and it is suitable for fine drilling.

Hu Shi said: What is the meaning of life?In fact, this question is the easiest to answer.The meaning of life is all found and created by each person himself: noble, base, noble, filthy, useful, and useless, all depend on his own actions.In short, life has no meaning, whatever meaning you can give it, it will have meaning.Instead of meditating on the meaning of life all day long, it is better to try this life and do something meaningful... Orphan of the Zhao family: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhao Dun, a famous official of the Jin State, tried his best to keep Jin Linggong from ascending to power. The babies of the Dun family will not be spared... The ancients said: Great kindness becomes hatred, the more you give to the other party, the harder it is to get something back from the other party.To make friends, you must make friends with people who are willing to give. People who are not willing to give will not know how to cherish friendship.

In 979 AD, Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi held a meeting to discuss whether to eliminate the Liao Kingdom.At the meeting, there were two factions: the main battle and the main peace.The main combatants are all civil servants, and they shouted: winning a battle is easy, just like turning over pancakes, go and fight.The host and faction are all military generals, saying: You dare to love and you don't go to the battlefield, it's so easy to say.In the end, the main battle faction won the quarrel, and the main battle faction went to the battlefield to fight. The battle of Gaoliang River was defeated. Taizong Zhao Guangyi got an arrow in the leg, stole the people's donkeys and fled back. Beiyang Cao Kun put Gu Weijun in charge of diplomacy.Cao Kun had a close friend named Wu who approached Gu Weijun to arrange for his relatives and friends, but Gu Weijun refused.Wu's cronies were furious, so they went to Cao Kun to complain.Cao Kun said: I asked Mr. Gu to come because I don't understand diplomacy. Why do you interfere?Wu's cronies had a bad nose.People at the time commented on Beiyang, they lack knowledge and ability, but they have self-knowledge, and they can delegate power to professionals for government affairs that they are not good at. In the late Qing Dynasty, Yihequan was a big issue, and the court's attitude was ambiguous, so Yuan Shikai didn't know which way to go.Zhang Renjun advised him (roughly): Don't think about the imperial court. The imperial court can make mistakes, but you can't.If the court makes a mistake, you have to pay the price, and if you make a mistake, you still have to pay the price.Yuan Shikai understood, and immediately set about killing the boxers... This is the way of the world, the big man makes a mistake, and the little man pays.If the little man makes a mistake, he still pays the bill, so the little man cannot be wrong. The philosopher Russell said: You don't advocate things that you think will be beneficial if people believe it, you just need to know the truth, the facts.We often model our lives and live according to the concepts taught to us by others or books, ranging from politics to dealing with people, and are unwilling to accept things that are different from our own imagination.You can only recognize the true colors of the world if you shake off the concepts solidified like cement in your mind. Hu Shi does not support the concept of the weak eating the strong, he approves of the story in "Liezi": it is said that Qi Guotian's banquet, there are fish and geese at the banquet.Tian said: Human beings are so happy. God has given us so many good things to eat.Everyone said: Yes, yes, human beings are so happy.At this time, a child stood up and said: You can't say this. Animals are not for people to eat, and people are not for feeding more ferocious tigers and leopards, nor are they for feeding mosquitoes. There is no high or low in the world. Tell a story about Yan Xishan.Yan Xishan wanted to buy a set of coking equipment for Taiyuan Steel Plant, and foreign companies bid one after another.There were three companies with the lowest quotations, so Yan Xishan took the business managers of these three companies to his villa and locked them up. They had good tea, good food and entertainment, and let the foreigners fight among themselves.In the end, the price quoted became lower and lower, and Yan Xishan bought the best equipment at the lowest price...Using competitors to lower the price is the only way in business. Children, let's be public knowledge.Public knowledge is not a saint, they have faults and flaws, they just like to think more than ordinary people, and they are unique in the professional field.When we were young, our parents warned us to study hard and achieve success in learning. Not all those who have achieved success in learning will become public knowledge, but public knowledge must be people who have achieved success in learning.Those who scold the public intellectuals are out of their minds, and he certainly doesn't want his children to become illiterate.A society that scolds the public is a society that is worthless. Common sense: Power can influence people, so anyone is a slave to power.People can control knowledge, so anyone is the master of knowledge.People who are slavish to the bone will instinctively pursue power. They are slaves to them and masters to them.Those who are self-reliant and self-reliant will pursue knowledge and ideas.A seeker is independent from everyone else, seeing himself as equal to everyone else.Therefore, people who are slavish to the bone hate public knowledge the most. Literature allows you to see the reflection of poplar trees in the water; philosophy enables you to recognize the stars in the maze of thought, so that you have the possibility to get out of the maze; what about history?The history is to let you know that the desert rose has its specific starting point, and no phenomenon is isolated. ——Long Yingtai on literature, philosophy and history. Externally hired capable executives are most afraid of falling into criticism from within the organization, and success or failure will come to naught.For example, in the early days of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai discovered Cai E, a talented soldier, so he transferred Cai E to Beijing and established the President's Office. Army Chief Duan Qirui was only a clerk in the office, but he planned to let Cai E be the director of the office and take over Beiyang.The old Beiyang soldiers were not angry, so they secretly played tricks, making it impossible for Cai E to gain a foothold.Cai E was so angry that he fled and raised his troops. As a result, he killed the boss Yuan Shikai. Achievement: Ibsen said: "Your greatest responsibility is to cast your material into a tool." Darwin was sick all his life, and he could only work for one hour a day and read ten pages of useful books.You can read more than 3,600 pages of books every year; you can read 110,000 pages of books in 30 years.Read 110,000 pages, and Darwin has already become a scholar—it only takes one hour a day, and you can become a scholar. It can be seen that success in life is very simple, just one hour a day. System: Chen Qingfan wrote: The system determines the destiny of the country.Whether the system is dynamic depends on whether it conforms to human nature; second, whether there is a repair mechanism.If a system is not in line with human nature and has no repair mechanism, it means that the system is dead. Learning: Hu Shi gave a sentence to the graduates: don't abandon learning.He said: In the past, maybe it was done for the graduation diploma as a last resort, but in the future, I can freely study according to my own wishes.While you are in the prime of life, try to do a specialized knowledge.Knowledge will never disappoint people.If you eat without seeking knowledge, after three to five years, you will all be eliminated by the later youth.At that time, if you want to do some learning to remedy it, it may be too late. King: The gunshots of Xinhai led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.Seeing that there were no more mantras, the Qing Dynasty hastily launched their 22 peace agreements.Article 1: The Qing Empire was changed to the Federal Republic of China... Article 9: The king of the Federation of China is hereditary, and the president has a four-year term... Article 14: Except for the president, all citizens are subjects... But too It's too late, the Empire is stupid to not do what they should do when they are in the initiative, and to lose the opportunity to be forced to compromise. Adding trouble: Shen Gongbao, Jiang Ziya’s junior, Jiang Ziya shouldn’t have talked to him, but it aroused Shen Gongbao’s arrogance. After that, Shen Gongbao kept making troubles with Jiang Ziya. In the end, Shen Gongbao was stuffed into Haiyan, satisfying him to others The desire to add to the block - be careful of Shen Gongbao in life, they have no goals in life, they just blindly point fingers at others.Be careful of the Shen Gongbao complex in your heart, ignore others, and do your own thing well. Bodhisattva: Rabe, a member of the German Nazi Party, went to China to discuss business, when the Japanese captured Nanjing and massacred it.In order to protect Chinese refugees, Rabe established an international safe zone and called Hitler, hoping to stop the Japanese atrocities.The Japanese restrained themselves, but demanded that Rabe be recalled.After returning home, the war was over and Rabe was imprisoned. Survivors in Nanjing collected 2,000 US dollars to clear Rabe of his charges and hoped that he would come to China to settle down.Rabe, however, became seriously ill and died shortly thereafter. Protection: During World War II, French peasant woman Mel Montgobe hid British soldier Fowler in a cabinet at home for 3 years and 9 months to protect the soldier from being captured by the Germans.After the war, the British and French governments awarded Mermongo Bay an honorary title and a generous bonus.The British army specially made a silver plaque, engraved with the deeds of Mel Montgoby's hiding British soldiers, and hung it in her room.The village where Mel Montgobe lives has become a tourist attraction in France, and the cabinet where she hides Fowler has become the most famous attraction in the village.