Chapter 362 Chapter 361 Wen Zong Aixinjueluo·Yixining

Aixinjueluo Yijunning (AD 1831-1861), the seventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty since Emperor Shunzhi, was generally called Emperor Xianfeng because his reign name was Xianfeng after he ascended the throne. After Yi Yuning was born, he was deeply loved by his father and mother, and his life was naturally joyful and superior.In order to better educate Yi Yuning, Emperor Daoguang not only often personally supervised the education, but also made him start school at the age of 6 in accordance with the practice of cultivating young princes and princes.There are many courses to learn, in addition to learning Mongolian and Manchu languages, and practicing riding and archery skills according to Manchu customs, mainly learning Confucian classics, governance techniques of the past dynasties, hadiths, memoirs of dynasties, etc.

In the 20th year of Daoguang (AD 1840), Yi Yuning's biological mother, Empress Xiao Quancheng, suddenly died of illness. Yi Yuning was not yet 10 years old. The death of his mother brought him great pain and shock, leaving behind a happy childhood. There was a shadow.After the death of Empress Xiaoquancheng, Yi Yuning was raised by Concubine Jing.Fortunately, Concubine Jing saw that Xiao Yi Yuning had lost her mother's love prematurely, and loved him very much, so she treated him like her own son Yi?The same, care and care everywhere, can be said to be meticulous.Xiao Yi Yuning is also very sensible. Seeing that Concubine Jing is so kind to him, she is very grateful and respects Concubine Jing.Yi Yuning and Yi?The two brothers are similar in age, they study together in the study, practice martial arts together, they are childhood sweethearts, and the relationship is very harmonious.Although they are half-brothers with the same father, their personalities are quite different.Restless;Sensitive and alert; Yi Ning is humble and gentle, Yi?Competitive.In his later years, Emperor Daoguang spent a lot of brains and thoughts in order to establish the throne and pass on the throne.In Emperor Daoguang's view, the fourth son of the emperor, Yi Ning, and the sixth son of the emperor, Yi? , are very good talents, and I like them very much. Although the two have their own merits, they are both qualified to succeed.Yi Yuning was born to the empress of the main palace, and she was older. According to the general practice and tradition, Yi Yuning should succeed to the throne; and Yi Yuning was born smart and talented, especially his appearance and behavior were very similar to Emperor Daoguang. So even though he was a concubine and young, he was especially valued and favored by Emperor Daoguang.Although Emperor Daoguang wanted to set up a reserve position earlier to reduce one worry, he was hesitant and could not make up his mind, so the matter of setting up a reserve position was pending.

As they grow older, Yi Yuning and Yi?Gradually, I became sensible. Although the two grew up together and had a very close relationship, everyone hoped that they could inherit the throne. Since my father has not decided on this matter for a long time, it means that my father has not finally decided who is superior and who is inferior. As long as I work hard, I will There is hope of succession.So the two brothers began to compete with each other, either openly or secretly. The era of childhood sweethearts and sincere encounters is gone forever.Not only the two of them were like this, but their masters also participated in this matter, actively making suggestions for their students.In his later years, Emperor Daoguang gradually felt that his body was not as good as before, so he paid close attention to the conscious investigation of the two children in order to decide the issue of the crown prince.Once, Emperor Daoguang informed Yi Juning and Yi? , I want to test them myself.Yi Yuning and Yi?After knowing it, I knew that this matter was of great importance, so I hurried to ask my master.Yi?Zhuo Bingtian, his master, told him: "If the emperor has any inquiries, you must know everything, and you can talk endlessly." Yi Yuning's master Du Shoutian was different. Chen Shizheng, your talent and knowledge are by no means inferior to that of the sixth master. There is only one way, if the emperor says that he is old and sick and will soon be on the throne, you should cry on the ground to show your sincerity of filial piety." Yi Yuning followed his master's instructions, and sure enough It worked, and Emperor Daoguang thought that Yi Yuning was kind and filial, and was very happy in his heart.In the spring of another year, Emperor Daoguang went hunting in Nanyuan School, and ordered all the princes to follow him.In spring, everything is revived, and the spring is full of vitality. The royal forest garden is even more green, and the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.Emperor Daoguang and the princes were all in high spirits, full of interest, shooting bows and arrows, scrambling to be the first.At the end of the school hunt, Yi?Emperor Daoguang was naturally happy to hunt the most animals.Only then did he notice that his fourth son, Yi Yuning, hadn't shot an arrow. He was very puzzled, so he called Yi Yuning and asked him what was going on. It is breeding, and I can't bear to hurt the world's creatures." After hearing this, Emperor Daoguang was overjoyed, and said, "This is the words of Lord Daoming!" After several repeated inspections, Emperor Daoguang gradually believed that Yi Yuning was more suitable to inherit the throne , so the problem of storage position is decided.But he didn't want to wrong his sixth son, Yi? , So in the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang (AD 1846), Emperor Daoguang personally wrote Zhu Yu: "The fourth son of the emperor, Yixuan, is established as the crown prince, and the sixth son of the emperor, Yi? He is named prince, and hereditary will not replace him." And according to the Qing Dynasty's legislation, The laws of various families are hidden behind the Zhengda Guangming plaque in the Hall of Supreme Harmony.On the fourteenth day of the first lunar month in the thirtieth year of Daoguang, Emperor Daoguang died of illness, and the 20-year-old Yi Yuning officially ascended the throne. He changed the name to Xianfeng, and took the second year as the first year of Xianfeng.

Among the many brothers, Emperor Xianfeng and Prince Gong Yi?The relationship is the closest, so the successor should be named according to Daoguang's edict?For Prince Gong.Emperor Xianfeng also knew his talent.Therefore, in November of the first year of Xianfeng (AD 1851), he was appointed as the Minister of Military Aircraft, and soon he was the head of the Military Aircraft Department as a prince.Emperor Xianfeng also summoned him from time to time to discuss matters together.But Yi?He is not satisfied with this, he is proud of his talents, and he was originally dissatisfied with Xianfeng's succession to the throne, so he sometimes behaved domineering and deviant in front of Emperor Xianfeng.In this way, Emperor Xianfeng gradually had an opinion on Prince Gong, and he was not as trusting and enthusiastic as before.As a result, the relationship between the brothers became more and more cold, and eventually they even became suspicious of each other.In the end, it was made public because of Concubine Jing's concubine being named Empress Dowager.

Imperial Concubine Jing is Prince Gong's biological mother, Imperial Concubine Jing.When she first entered the palace, she was named a nobleman, and later promoted to Concubine Jing and Concubine Jing.On November 21, the twelfth year of Daoguang, she gave birth to the sixth son of the emperor, Yi? , and was promoted to Concubine Jing.After the death of Emperor Xianfeng's biological mother, Empress Xiaoquancheng, she was promoted to imperial concubine and managed the affairs of the six palaces.At that time, Emperor Daoguang had secretly designated the reserve and made Xianfeng the crown prince, so he could no longer canonize Concubine Jing as the queen.After Emperor Xianfeng came to the throne, he honored her as Empress Kangci and respected her very much.However, Concubine Jing was not satisfied with her current title. She thought: I raised Xianfeng, and now that Xianfeng is the emperor, I deserve the title of Empress Dowager.Yi Yuning also wanted to win the title of empress dowager for her biological mother so as to improve her status, so she was also very active in this matter.Emperor Xianfeng was reluctant to this matter, thinking that there was no precedent in the previous dynasty for the concubine of the first emperor to be honored as empress dowager by the heir emperor.So although Yi?The mother and son mentioned it many times, but Emperor Xianfeng did not agree, so the title of Empress Dowager, Yi Yuning's mother, could not be finalized for a long time.

In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), the imperial concubine was critically ill.One day, Emperor Xianfeng came to the imperial concubine's bedroom and was about to go in for a visit, when Prince Gong happened to come out.Emperor Xianfeng asked the concubine how her condition was, Yi?Immediately knelt down, cried and said: "I am already critically ill. According to the concubine's meaning, I can only rest in peace if I get a title." I didn't know how to answer, so I just responded casually: "Oh, oh!" Yi?He thought that Emperor Xianfeng had agreed to give the imperial concubine the title of empress dowager, and was very happy, so he hurried to the military plane to convey Emperor Xianfeng's will, and immediately made the canonization ceremony.Did Emperor Xianfeng see Yi after his visit?Waiting for the others to finish the matter of the empress dowager title, they were very surprised and annoyed in their hearts, thinking that he was deliberately intimidating him, but it was a done deal and it was not easy to change it.Emperor Xianfeng had no choice but to deliver an edict on July 1st, respecting the noble concubine Kangci as Empress Dowager Kangci.Afterwards, the more Emperor Xianfeng thought about it, the more angry he became, against Yi?Very dissatisfied.After the death of Empress Dowager Kangci, Emperor Xianfeng ordered to reduce the funeral ceremony of the empress dowager, instead of following the empress dowager's specifications.

Not only that, Emperor Xianfeng wanted to take this opportunity to kill Yi?Because of his prestige and vigor, he issued an imperial decree, dismissing Prince Gong from his position as Minister of Military Aircraft on the grounds that he "had many negligence in all etiquette". He was not allowed to attend the funeral of Empress Dowager Kangci respectfully.And warn Yi? In the future, we must "know yourself and be cautious, and don't make mistakes."Later, although Emperor Xianfeng also played against Yi?There is some care, but until Emperor Xianfeng died, Yi?is never reused.

After Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, the Qing Dynasty presented to him was political chaos, lack of finances, the defeat of the army, and the depression of the people. enterprising spirit.He took a series of measures to adjust the internal and external policies, rectify the administration of officials, manage finances, appoint talents and use talents, and carried out a comprehensive revision of the ruling policy of the Qing Dynasty. The first is to dismiss mediocrity and rectify the administration of officials.When Emperor Xianfeng came to the throne, the officialdom of the Qing Dynasty had become extremely corrupt, with overstaffed organizations and overstaffed people;Emperor Xianfeng was clear about this. He knew that the corrupt officialdom had greatly reduced the function of the government and was not conducive to his own rule. This situation must be changed.

In order to rectify the administration of officials, it is necessary to dismiss fatuous officials as an example to others.For this reason, Emperor Xianfeng first attacked Mu Zhang'a, Minister of Military Aircraft.Mu Zhang'a, a Manchurian inlaid blue bannerman.He has successively served as Minister of the Interior, Commander of the Infantry, Minister of the Ministry of War, Minister of the Ministry of Officials, and a bachelor.He won the trust and favor of Emperor Daoguang, and served as Minister of Military Aircraft for more than 20 years.He forms cliques for personal gain, excludes dissidents, suppresses his colleagues, and commits all kinds of evil.After Emperor Xianfeng came to power, he was in power, so he took Mu Zhang'a as his first goal for rectifying the administration of officials.Ten months after Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, he personally wrote Zhu Yu, announcing Mu Zhang'a's crimes.After describing Mu Zhang'a's crimes, he was given the punishment of dismissal and never to be used again.Another great scholar, Qiying, who was a general of Guangzhou who signed the Treaty of Nanjing, was demoted first and then executed because of his collusion with Mu Zhang'a.

In order to further reverse the situation of official corruption, Emperor Xianfeng, while dismissing mediocre officials, selected a group of people he thought were talented.Among them are Mu Yin, Sushun, Kuang Yuan, Du Han, Prince Yi Zaiheng, Prince Zheng Duanhua, etc.In particular, Sushun is considered an outstanding leader among the imperial clan of the Qing Dynasty.He is cheerful, talented, diligent, and admires legalist governance, and advocates strictness in politics.He believes that only severe punishments can save the decadence and stabilize the rule of the Qing Dynasty.These are very in line with Emperor Xianfeng's thoughts, so Sushun gradually gained the favor of Emperor Xianfeng, and the speed of promotion was astonishing, especially later, Emperor Xianfeng conspired with Sushun in everything, and Sushun also relied on Emperor Xianfeng. Forces, do whatever they want, and monopolize the big politics.

These important officials appointed and promoted by Emperor Xianfeng after he came to power were indeed talented and assisted Emperor Xianfeng in handling a series of major military and political affairs, but this was far from being able to reverse the current situation of the entire Qing Dynasty.Moreover, Sushun and others leapfrogged their ranks and took over all the great powers, creating new dictatorships, which also created new contradictions and struggles within the Qing court. After Emperor Xianfeng came to the throne, while adjusting the ruling team, he also strengthened the governance of social corruption.The imperial examination is an important way for feudal literati to ascend to the dominant position, and it is also an important method for the ruler to select talents.However, with the corruption of the social atmosphere, the malpractices in the exams are becoming more and more serious, full of loopholes, and incidents of bribery and bribery often occur.In the early years of Xianfeng, the practice of handing notes to examiners was very popular in the examination room, and it was not taboo before the public, reaching the level of openness.Some people who are good at speculation, although ignorant and incompetent, are often listed on the gold list, while those who are upright and simple, even though they are full of knowledge, often lose their names.Faced with this filthy and corrupt imperial examination situation, Emperor Xianfeng was very resentful and worried. He worried that this situation would endanger his rule, so he had the idea of ​​rectifying it from time to time.In the eighth year of Xianfeng (AD 1858), in the Shuntianfu Township Examination, Bai Ling, Minister of Military Aircraft and a cabinet scholar, was the chief examiner, and the deputy examiners were Zhu Fengbiao, Shangshu of the Ministry of Households, and Cheng Tinggui, the censor of Zuodu.After the list was published, people found that among the top 10 in the pilot test, there was an uneducated uncle Ping Ling, because he usually likes to sing operas and once performed on stage, so the public opinion in the capital was in an uproar, and people whispered: "Actors can also perform on stage." I'm in high school." People's discussions attracted the attention of the censor, and some people went to court for impeachment.Emperor Xianfeng immediately issued an order to investigate and deal with it seriously.First of all, all the examiners who were implicated were dismissed pending review, and it was soon found out that there was fraud.Bai Ling, Zhu Fengbiao, Cheng Tinggui and others were dismissed and sent to prison.Emperor Xianfeng felt that Bai Yan was an important minister of the central government, and he was unwilling to impose severe punishment on him.Sushun and others said: "The selection of scholars is very important, and the law must be strictly enforced to punish accumulated habits." Pu'an, the same examiner, Pingling and Luo Hongze, the candidates for the pilot test, Li Heling, the principal, and Cheng Bingcai, the eldest son of Cheng Tinggui, were ordered to be executed.Cheng Tinggui was sent to the military station to serve, Zhu Fengbiao was dismissed, and dozens of others were dismissed, dismissed, demoted, and transferred because of their involvement. Not long after Sushun presided over the investigation of the Mint corruption case, Xianfeng ordered the investigation. As a result, Weng Xincun, a senior scholar in charge of finance, and Zhou Zupei, a co-organizer, were punished in different ways. More than a dozen household officials were killed and their family properties were lost. In addition, dozens of businessmen and subordinate officials were also confiscated. In this case, hundreds of people were punished. Emperor Xianfeng reused Sushun and others, and used severe punishments to rectify the government, cracked down on corrupt officials, and tried to save the corrupt world. It intensified the division and struggle within the Qing Dynasty. On the eve of Emperor Xianfeng's enthronement, there were sporadic peasant uprisings everywhere in the southwestern border of the Qing Dynasty, especially Hong Xiuquan and others in Zijing Mountain, Guangxi, were also planning large-scale anti-Qing activities.Regarding this, the young and vigorous Emperor Xianfeng didn't take it seriously, thinking that it was just a few bandits, and it would be over to send troops to wipe them out.However, things are not as simple as he imagined.Just 10 months after Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, that is, on the tenth day of December in the 30th year of Daoguang (AD 1850), Hong Xiuquan and others revolted in Jintian, established the name of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and called it the king of heaven.Emperor Xianfeng was shocked and annoyed by this, and immediately dispatched troops to suppress the Taiping Army in a hurry.However, to Emperor Xianfeng's disappointment, although the Qing army had a large number of people and pursued them relentlessly, they failed to realize Emperor Xianfeng's plan of encircling and annihilating them on the spot. On the contrary, the Taiping Army led by Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan and Eastern King Yang Xiuqing Using ingenious and flexible tactics, they got rid of the encirclement and interception of the Qing army, went out of Guangxi, entered Hunan, and entered Hubei. In the middle of November in the second year of Xianfeng (AD 1852), they even conquered Hanyang, Hankou, and Wuchang in Hubei.Soon, the Taiping army went down the river and occupied Nanjing on February 10, the third year of Xianfeng.After the Taiping Army occupied Nanjing, they changed Nanjing to Tianjing, established political power, and promulgated social policies and programs.In this way, Emperor Xianfeng's rule faced a direct threat and challenge from a new regime. In the case of successive failures, Emperor Xianfeng realized that relying on the original Green Battalion and Eight Banners soldiers was useless, and it was necessary to further enhance the combat effectiveness of the Qing army and improve the quality of the Qing army.Emperor Xianfeng accepted the suggestions of other ministers and resumed the ancient form of organizing group training.This policy of Emperor Xianfeng has indeed achieved results, and the regiment training played a key role in the process of suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.Among them, Zeng Guofan's Hunan Army is the most famous. Zeng Guofan, courtesy name Bohan, nicknamed Disheng, was born in Xiangxiang, Hunan, from a landlord family.In the eighteenth year of Daoguang (AD 1838), he was a Jinshi, and later became an official to the Minister of the Ministry of Rites.In the autumn of the second year of Xianfeng, he returned to his hometown to guard the system because of his mother's death.In November, Emperor Xianfeng ordered him to go to Changsha to help the governor of Hunan in handling regiment training as an assistant minister of regiment training.Zeng Guofan established a new battalion system and various regulations based on a part of the original Xiangyong in Hunan. After a period of training, he formed a new type of army, the Hunan Army.The organization of the Hunan Army is very special and strict. It is practiced that the commander selects the sentry officer, the battalion officer selects the post chief, the post chief selects the chief, and the chief selects the brave Ding.Most of the soldiers recruited are simple and honest peasants, and they need to take bondage. After entering the army, they are instilled with feudal ethics to strengthen ideological control.Therefore, the Hunan Army is well-organized, internally stable, and its soldiers are generals. The whole army is under the jurisdiction of Zeng Guofan, with strong combat effectiveness, and has become the mortal enemy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Since the Manchu nobles were afraid of Han landlords taking military power, Emperor Xianfeng was very conflicted about Zeng Guofan's Hunan army, and he wanted to use it but dared not let it go.This ambivalence led him to take double-handed precautions.First of all, Emperor Xianfeng pinned his hopes on the Jiangbei and Jiangnan camps composed of Eight Banners soldiers and Green Battalions, especially the Jiangbei camp, so whether it was firearms or food and salaries, priority was given to supply.Secondly, while commending Zeng Guofan, Emperor Xianfeng appointed Manchu aristocratic officials as governor of Huguang and imperial envoy to take charge of all the military and political power in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and appointed Manchu generals such as Taqibu, Duxing'a, Duolong'a, etc. as generals. Join the Hunan Army, or lead the Eight Banners and Green Battalion soldiers to cooperate with the Hunan Army to supervise and control the power of Zeng Guofan's group.As for Zeng Guofan personally, Emperor Xianfeng only gave verbal praise and asked him to work hard for himself, but did not give him actual power.Although Zeng Guofan made great efforts for the Qing Dynasty, even in 1858, Zeng Guofan's official position was still the original Minister of Rites.In the seventh year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan returned home due to his father's death. Hu Linyi, the governor of Hubei, asked Emperor Xianfeng to appoint Zeng Guofan to lead the army. Li Henian also asked Emperor Xianfeng to reuse Zeng Guofan, but Emperor Xianfeng refused. However, in the tenth year of Xianfeng, Emperor Xianfeng's wishful thinking of relying on the Eight Banners was completely defeated.In the process of fighting the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Eight Banners soldiers and the Green Battalion soldiers were severely hit, and the Jiangbei and Jiangnan battalions were vulnerable.In the sixth year of Xianfeng, the Jiangbei and Jiangnan camps were defeated, the imperial envoy Xiang Rong was killed, and another imperial envoy Tuo Ming'a was dismissed and investigated.In the same year, the Tianjing Incident occurred within the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the Qing army took the opportunity to rebuild the Jiangbei and Jiangnan camps.However, in the eighth year of Xianfeng, the Jiangbei camp was defeated by Chen Yucheng of the Taiping Army, and its commander, Dexing A, was dismissed; He fell into the water and died.On the contrary, under the deliberate management of Zeng Guofan and others, the Hunan Army gradually increased in strength and became the most powerful armed force for the Qing government to deal with the Taiping Army.Faced with such harsh facts, Emperor Xianfeng had to re-evaluate the strength and role of the Hunan Army. Sushun and others strongly recommended him. Minister, supervises the military affairs in the south of the Yangtze River, and all armies in the north and south of the river are under his control.So far, after many setbacks and blows, Emperor Xianfeng was finally forced to break the traditional ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty to suppress the Han people, and really began to reuse Zeng Guofan and give him real power. War needs a solid material foundation to back it up, and the strength of material power largely affects the outcome of the war.Emperor Xianfeng was clear about this.In order to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Emperor Xianfeng spared no expense at all. He said: "I don't spare tens of millions of money, and I just need to do my best to suppress it." However, on the eve of the rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing Dynasty's finances were already very difficult. It is getting bigger and bigger, military supplies are increasing, and the finances of the Qing Dynasty are even more stretched and difficult to deal with. Therefore, solving financial difficulties has become an important and urgent problem before Emperor Xianfeng.Before the rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the fiscal revenue of the Qing government mainly depended on land, salt tax, and tariffs.In order to solve the military needs, Emperor Xianfeng first started from the original financial resources and carried out some rectification and modification to further expand the income.But this is far from meeting the rapidly increasing military expenditure.Therefore, with the help and planning of his subordinates, Emperor Xianfeng took a series of measures to expand financial resources, mainly including donations, casting big money, issuing banknotes, collecting likin, etc., among which lijin was the most important.The so-called lijin is a new commercial tax created by the Qing government.Lijin is divided into two types, namely, the transit tax and the business tax.In the third year of Xianfeng (1853 A.D.), he assisted Lei Yicheng in Yangzhou military affairs and adopted the suggestion of Muke Qianjiang. He collected more than 20,000 guan in half a year from the rice line in Yangzhou Fairy Temple and other places.After receiving the report, Emperor Xianfeng thought this method was wonderful, and approved it to be widely implemented in prefectures and counties such as Henan and Jiangsu in the fourth year of Xianfeng.Later, under the advice of the ministers, Emperor Xianfeng gradually expanded the scope of drawing, and implemented it in all provinces of the country in the seventh year of Xianfeng.In this way, lijin became a common and lasting financial source, which played a great role in solving the financial difficulties of the Qing government, and of course increased the burden on the people. When Emperor Xianfeng exhausted himself to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, in late September of the sixth year of Xianfeng, Britain used the "Yarrow Incident" as an excuse to invade Guangzhou, and France also used the "Ma Priest Incident" as an excuse to fight The British acted in collusion and invaded China together, provoking the Second Opium War.In the face of the aggression of the great powers, as the king of a country, Emperor Xianfeng certainly did not want the great powers to plunder his rights and interests.However, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement greatly restrained his energy, so that he did not dare to let go to deal with foreign invaders.Facing two kinds of pressure from inside and outside, Emperor Xianfeng felt powerless, and from the bottom of his heart, he felt a dilemma.Therefore, he adopted a policy with great flexibility, that is, to use both soft and hard methods, and to use both grace and power.The Second Opium War had just broken out in Guangdong, and Emperor Xianfeng ordered Ye Mingchen, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, to say: "The victory of this quarrel is worrying, and it is also detrimental to the country's dignity; if it wins, the foreigners will come to revenge and go to various mouths to complain. Now There is no peace in China, how can there be another disturbance along the coast?" According to this idea, Emperor Xianfeng ordered Ye Mingchen to be flexible, and if the British repented and came to their senses, they should try to control it so as to eliminate troubles; if they still bully others, We must not arbitrarily accommodate the peace talks.One year later, that is, in November of the seventh year of Xianfeng, the British and French allied forces invaded Guangzhou, and Ye Mingchen, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, was also taken away.After receiving the report, Emperor Xianfeng was very shocked and annoyed, especially when Ye Mingchen was taken into captivity, which made him feel that the Qing Dynasty had been greatly insulted.He immediately gave orders to General Mukdena of Guangzhou, Bai Gui, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and others, asking them to enlighten the British and French first with reason. If the British and French troops withdrew from Guangzhou City and still requested trade, they could make preparations as a sign of peace; If Britain and France refuse to withdraw from the city of Guangzhou, they must mobilize soldiers and drive them out of the city with force.Emperor Xianfeng also took the trouble to instruct Mukhdena and others: "In handling this matter, it is true that you must not be too rigid or too soft, so that foreigners will despise China. This is the most important thing." After the British and French allied forces occupied Guangzhou, they did not achieve their expected goals. In order to further force the Qing government to submit, the British and French allied forces marched northward, and the envoys of Britain, France, Russia and the United States also went with the army.In March of the eighth year of Xianfeng, the British and French invaders captured Dagukou and approached the gate of Tianjin.On April 16, Emperor Xianfeng hurriedly sent Guiliang, a scholar, and Huashana, a minister of the Ministry of official affairs, to Tianjin to negotiate peace with the envoys of Britain, France and other countries, and gave them the power to "act cheaply".Under the force of force from Britain, France and other countries, Guiliang, Huashana signed the "Tianjin Treaty" with Britain and France. If he is not willing to let it go, the war will start again, so it is better to ratify the treaty first to save the urgent need, so he approved the "Tianjin Treaty" with the fluke mentality that "an alliance has been expedient since ancient times". After the signing of the Treaty of Tianjin, the British and French allied forces returned to the south, and the military crisis was temporarily lifted.At this time, Emperor Xianfeng felt more and more that the "Tianjin Treaty" he personally approved was inappropriate.On June 5th in the eighth year of Xianfeng (AD 1858), Guiliang and Huashana were ordered to go to Shanghai to negotiate with Britain and France. When the two bid farewell to Emperor Xianfeng, Emperor Xianfeng ordered them to announce to Britain and France: " China is willing to exempt the import tax of foreign goods, and please foreign countries to invalidate the original "Tianjin Treaty." Later, the negotiations failed, and Emperor Xianfeng had to take a step back, thinking that other sections could be implemented according to the original agreement, except for the foreign ministers stationed in Beijing. , the most harmful, it is absolutely impossible to allow it.Even so, Britain and France did not agree, and Emperor Xianfeng's attempt to cancel the "Tianjin Treaty" through negotiations failed.This made Emperor Xianfeng even more annoyed and determined to find an opportunity to retaliate. He ordered Seng Gelinqin to build the Dagu Fort, and ordered: "When foreigners come from the north, our army must fire first." Emperor Xianfeng issued an edict: Envoys sent to Beijing must follow the customs of tributary countries when entering Beijing, they cannot ride in sedan chairs, and they must kneel three times and kowtow nine times to see the emperor.He also specified that British, French and other envoys must land from Beitang and go to Beijing via Tianjin.However, the British and French envoys categorically refused to enter Beijing according to the designated route, and demanded to remove the barriers at the Dagu Port. The Qing government firmly refused.On May 25th, the British, French and American fleets bombarded the Dagu Fort. As Seng Gelinqin was well prepared, he fought back and repelled the British and French allied forces.After the victory of the Dagu War, Emperor Xianfeng was very excited, thinking that the great powers had no skills, so his attitude became even harder and he announced the complete cancellation of the "Tianjin Treaty" On June 13th in the tenth year of Xianfeng, dozens of warships of the British and French allied forces broke into Bohai Bay again, determined to avenge the shame of last year's defeat in Dagu.Due to the Qing army's backward combat readiness and strategic mistakes, it failed again and again. In less than a month, Beitang and Dagu fell, Tianjin fell, and emergency documents flew to the capital like snowflakes, shaking Beijing.Under such circumstances, Emperor Xianfeng was really at a loss and was at a loss, so he had to deploy troops to prevent blockage, just in case.On the other hand, ministers for peace were sent one after another to seek a peaceful solution.But peace talks with Britain and France were unsuccessful.The British and French allied forces drove straight in, approaching the capital.Emperor Xianfeng knew that the situation was irretrievable, so he decided to flee in the name of patrolling.On August 7th, Emperor Xianfeng ordered Prince Gong to be the peace negotiator and plenipotentiary minister, and quickly negotiated peace with the British and French ministers, while he led a group of trusted ministers and concubines to flee to Rehe in a hurry.Due to the deadly threat of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the successive attacks by foreign powers for more than ten years, Xianfeng had been worried for a long time.On the way to escape, he was very embarrassed.Therefore, after arriving in Rehe, Emperor Xianfeng obviously felt exhausted, his health deteriorated, and he often vomited blood.But under the indulgence of Sushun and others, he still spends his days drinking and drinking, drunk and dreaming, and enjoys drinking and sex.On July 7th, the 11th year of Xianfeng, Emperor Xianfeng died in worry and lust. He was buried in Dingling at the age of 31, ending his troubled life.His posthumous title is "Emperor Xian", and his temple name is "Wenzong".