Chapter 356 Chapter 355 Ancestor Aixinjueluo Fulin

Aixinjueluo Fulin was the third monarch of the Qing Dynasty and the first emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. His ascension to the throne was the result of the struggle and compromise between the various factions of the Qing Dynasty. At dawn on August 14th in the eighth year of Chongde (1643 A.D.), there was a lot of hustle and bustle inside the Houjin Palace, and outside the gate, two elite soldiers of the Yellow Banner raised their bows and arrows, and fortified layers of defenses.Five days ago, Qing Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji suddenly died of illness. At this time, the kings and ministers were deadlocked over the succession of the throne.

The competition was mainly between Huang Taiji's eldest son, Prince Su Haoge, and Hong Taiji's younger brother, Prince Rui Dorgon. Hauge, who has the status of the eldest son of the emperor and is powerful, is aggressive and aggressive.It is certain to win. The three brothers Dorgon, Duofeng, and Azig have outstanding military exploits and have the strength of two banners. They take turns to fight without showing any weakness. A bloody conflict is about to happen.At this critical moment, Dorgon proposed that Fulin, the ninth son who supported Huang Taiji, should succeed to the throne, with Prince Zheng Jierhalang and himself assisting the state affairs.This move is really powerful. Choosing Fulin as the young master blocked the mouths of the two yellow-banner ministers who asked for a prince; proposed Jierhalang as an auxiliary government, and won the hearts of the Xianglan Banner people under his rule; Prince Li of the Two Red Flags had no intention of participating in the competition, so he naturally agreed with it.Dorgon's compromise plan was adopted by all parties.

In this way, Fulin was pushed to the throne.On the surface, his ascension to the throne is somewhat accidental.However, Dorgon naturally had his own considerations: only by establishing the young emperor can he truly grasp the auxiliary power. In this way, the eldest son Hauge, who has the ability to govern, and the older princes Ye Bushu and Shuo Sai are all excluded. outer.Among the several young princes, Fulin's biological mother, Concubine Zhuang of Yongfu Palace, was the most favored concubine of Huang Taiji in his later years. A son is more precious than his mother, and Fulin's succession to the throne should be the most suitable for the late emperor. The kings and ministers naturally agreed with this. no disagreement.

On August 26th of the eighth year of Chongde, Fulin officially ascended the throne in Shenyang, and changed Yuan to Shunzhi in the second year.At this time, just as the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng of the Ming Dynasty captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen ended his life in Jingshan with a rope.At this critical juncture in history, Fan Wencheng, a Han Chinese who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, wrote a letter to advise Dorgon, urging him to take advantage of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty and the unstable foothold of the Peasant Army to seize Beijing and replace the Ming Dynasty.Dorgon, who has always been quick and decisive in dealing with situations, also sensed that this was a golden opportunity, so he raised the banner of avenging Emperor Chongzhen, gathered a large number of troops within a few days, and marched to Shanhaiguan day and night.

Three days later, the marching Qing army met Wu Sangui, the general soldier of Shanhaiguan, and the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan smoothly.Soon, in the Shanhaiguan area of ​​the ancient Great Wall, Li Zicheng's peasant army fought a desperate struggle with the Qing army and Wu Sangui army led by Dorgon.Under the attack of the Qing soldiers and the Wu army, the peasant army was defeated and retreated to Beijing. Since the remaining troops were no longer able to hold on, they immediately withdrew in a hurry.The Dashun Army came and went in a hurry, and only stayed in Beijing for more than 40 days, leaving a thought-provoking tragedy on the historical stage.Since the biggest obstacle for the Qing army to occupy Beijing no longer existed, and the officials and gentry from all over the country looked down on the Qing army because of their hatred for the peasant army, Dorgon's brigade drove straight into the Forbidden City.

In September of the first year of Shunzhi (AD 1644), Shunzhi came to Beijing from Shenyang under the escort of Jierhalang.On the first day of October, a grand founding ceremony was held to celebrate the founding of the country.In the early morning, under the protection of the kings and civil and military officials, Shunzhi personally went to the Temple of Heaven to read the rites to heaven, officially announcing the rule of the Qing Dynasty over the whole country.Followed by Dafeng's founding hero, Shunzhi ordered Dorgon's great achievements in rejuvenating the country to be engraved on a stone tablet to pass on to future generations, and he was also named uncle regent.It can be said that although it was the young emperor Fulin who proclaimed the throne at the grand ceremony, it was the regent Dorgon who gained authority from this.

Dorgon clearly knew that Shunzhi's ascension to the throne in Beijing was far from the true peace of the Central Plains and national unification.At this time, the Dashun Army still had hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses, and the peasants' armed forces everywhere were even more unpredictable and unpredictable.In Nanjing, the Nanming Hongguang Regime established by Fengfu Wang Zhu Yousong, a survivor of the Ming Dynasty, was another force that threatened the Qing court.In order to get rid of his confidant's troubles, on October 19, Dorgon appointed Prince Azige of England as General Jingyuan and led his troops to conquer the Dashun Army.Immediately afterwards, he ordered the great general of the country, Prince Yu Duoduo, to send his troops south to conquer Nanming.Under the suppression of the Qing army, the Dashun army once launched a counterattack, but finally abandoned Xi'an and entered Hubei in February of the following year. Azig led the Qing army in hot pursuit.Since then, the Dashun Army that persisted in resisting the Qing Dynasty was gone.The Hongguang regime in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River in Pian'an has nothing but rich land and hundreds of thousands of horses left over from the Ming Dynasty.Doduo's army was almost bloodless, and approached Yangzhou, an important town in the south of the Yangtze River, in April of the second year of Shunzhi.After the fall of the city, facing the butcher's knives of foreigners, Shi Kefa, the supervisor of Yangzhou, shouted "I want to decide early, the city will die and die", and he died calmly.Due to the tenacious resistance of the city guards and common people inflicting heavy damage on the Qing army, Duoduo ordered the massacre of the city for 10 days as a show of revenge. By the second day of May, the "swords were sealed", the death toll of Yangzhou people exceeded 800,000, and blood flowed like rivers. .This is the bloody "Yangzhou Ten Days" in history.After conquering Yangzhou, the Qing army quickly captured Zhenjiang and approached the city of Nanjing.At this time, Emperor Hongguang had already left in a hurry, and many ministers of Nanming braved the rain to welcome the Qing army.Emperor Hongguang was captured a few days later and sent back to Nanjing amidst the reviling of the people.

The document of victory in pacifying the south of the Yangtze River was passed to the capital. At this time, the news of Li Zicheng's death in Jiugong Mountain came.Dorgon was obviously dazzled by the quick victory. He issued a "hair-shaving order" on the fifth day of June, ordering the soldiers and civilians everywhere in the south of the Yangtze River to shave their heads. The "hair shaving order" was like adding fuel to the fire, arousing the people in the south of the Yangtze River to fight against the Qing Dynasty. "The head can be broken, but the hair can't be lost!" People from all walks of life rose up one after another, calling for the restoration of the Ming Dynasty.Large-scale anti-hair-shaving struggles broke out in Jiangyin and Jiading successively. The citizens and peasants of the four townships were outraged and defended the city against the Qing.The ethnic repressive policy of the Manchu rulers aroused the anti-hair-shaving struggle, which in turn ignited the anti-Qing struggle throughout the country. This was indeed unexpected by Dorgon and the Manchu nobles.

Until Dorgon's death, the unification of the world he expected did not appear.But since then, the first contribution of the Qing Dynasty to the Central Plains and the initial determination of the world is indeed none other than him.As his status became more and more respected, he also became more arbitrarily powerful and confident.He unscrupulously ruled out dissidents: Hauge was finally put to death on the charge of Luo Zhi, and Jierhalang was deprived of the power of assistant government because of "preparing for great things".All government orders come from the hands of Dorgon, and he even put Ouchi's "letter symbol" in his own mansion.Whenever he entered the court, all the ministers knelt down and saluted. Dorgon was the de facto emperor of the Qing Dynasty, which had become known to the court and the public at that time.But Fulin was nothing more than "only handing over his hands for sacrifice". There are even records that in order to preserve his son's throne, Shunzhi's mother, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, married Dorgon.Although this point is still in doubt, it is certain that Dorgon was named the emperor's father and regent.

A few years passed, and Fulin became a teenager.He is not only skilled in riding and archery, but also cares about the way of governing the country and using soldiers.However, Dorgon, Shunzhi's uncle and regent, had no intention of returning to power.History is often rewritten by accidental events.In November of the seventh year of Shunzhi (AD 1650), Dorgon fell off his horse and was injured while hunting.After this injury, he was bedridden and died in Kara City on the 9th of December at the age of 39.Although Dorgon died young in his middle age, he was richer than the emperor before his death. After his death, he was kind and righteous, honored and mourned.However, the situation soon took an unexpected turn for the worse.Two months after Dorgon's death, Sukesaha and Zhan Dai first sued Dorgon for "seeking to usurp the throne".The kings and ministers headed by Prince Zheng Jierhalang also played a series of crimes such as Dorgon's monopoly on authority, hijacking the emperor, forcing Haug to death, and accepting his concubine.Emperor Shunzhi issued an edict to deprive Dorgon of his title, confiscated his property, and ordered the destruction of his mausoleum.His body was dug up, beaten with sticks and whipped, and then his head was beheaded, and his body was exposed to the public.Through these dispositions, Shunzhi felt a sigh of relief. He vented all the unhappiness he had accumulated over the years because of tolerating Dorgon's arrogance.At the same time, it appeases the anger of the kings and ministers, and gives a hint to those kings and ministers who want to continue to pre-government: if you want to covet the throne and bully the emperor, there will be no good end!

At the age of 14, Shunzhi became the real lord of a country at this time.On the twelfth day of the first lunar month in the eighth year of Shunzhi, he was in charge of the Palace of Imperial Harmony. Due to the good learning conditions in the court, Shunzhi became very interested in reading when he was 6 years old. In order to learn the ways of governing the country and self-cultivation of the Chinese emperors in the past dynasties to improve his own level, Shunzhi studied even more after taking office.With the enthusiasm and diligence unique to young people, he read a large number of Chinese books, including Zuo Shi Zhuangsao, pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties, and Song and Yuan writings.Later, he also recalled this period of study life and said that at that time, apart from dealing with military and state affairs, he was studying, but because he was still stubborn at the time, he couldn't remember many things, so he got up at five o'clock to read again, and he could read it by dawn. recited.Diligent reading made him get rid of the reckless spirit of nomads of his predecessors, and he was quite a literati, which had a very profound impact on his policies.From then on, he no longer relied solely on "martial arts" to govern the world like his predecessors, but turned to "culture and education" as the foundation of governing the country. Aiming at some bad policies implemented during Dorgon's regency, after repeated discussions with ministers, Shunzhi decided to first take some measures to ease ethnic conflicts. In terms of military affairs, he decided to first adopt a policy of pacification and a strategy of pacification first and then southeast. measure.At that time, Zheng Chenggong's naval forces in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong were infested, and most of Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Guizhou were divided by Li Dingguo, the king of Xining in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and the Qing army was exhausted and exhausted.Therefore, concentrating forces in one corner and changing the passive situation of fighting on two battlefields at the same time is the best policy to end the war as soon as possible and rebuild unity.The Eight Banners are good at riding and shooting, and they are accustomed to land warfare.More than 3,000 ships commanded by Zheng Chenggong gathered at the mouth of the harbor near Xiamen, making the Qing soldiers daunting.Therefore, it is only appropriate to adopt the strategy of first southwest and then southeast.In order to achieve this strategic deployment, Shunzhi took two measures: on the one hand, he tried his best to appease Zheng Chenggong so that he could concentrate his forces to deal with the southwest battlefield;He also ordered the Ministry of War to arm small groups of peasants from all over the country. Regardless of the number of people or the size of their crimes, as long as they can sincerely repent and voluntarily surrender, all their crimes will be pardoned and resettled by the local government.Order officials at all levels to spread the proclamation all over the main roads, so that it is well known to everyone. In May of the tenth year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou took the post of governor of the five provinces of Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou, governor of military affairs, and also in charge of food and payment.Shunzhi gave him the power to control the promotion of local civil and military officials and decide the timing of the army, and specially ordered him to "do things cheaply and then notify" in case of emergency.This kind of practice of knowing people well and unifying tasks and powers is conducive to the commander's active and flexible capture of fighter opportunities, and provides an important guarantee for the fundamental change of the Southwest War situation.Hong Chengchou naturally understood the emperor's intentions. He had a deep strategy and was very familiar with the mountains and rivers in the Southwest.He first controlled Huguang, and when the time was ripe for going south, it happened that Sun Kewang, the king of Qin who was named by Nanming, was driven by the desire for power and attacked Li Dingguo.Sun Kewang "listed the opportunistic situation in Yunnan and Guizhou" as a gift for his visit, so that Hong Chengchou could fully understand the inside information of the rebel army, so he marched southwestward in a large scale.The Qing army successively conquered Guiyang, Chongqing, Zunyi and other places, and entered Yunnan in January of the 16th year of Shunzhi (AD 1659), annihilating the main force of Li Dingguo in the area of ​​Mopan Mountain in Yongchang, and Zhu Youlang, king of Gui, fled to Burma.So far, the Nanming regime, the last to maintain the hearts of the Ming Dynasty adherents, has existed in name only. After the situation in the southwest has fundamentally improved, Zheng Chenggong in the southeast still insists on resisting the Qing Dynasty and refuses to be appeased.At this time, Shunzhi's attitude began to harden.In March of the 14th year of Shunzhi, he ordered that Zheng Chenggong should be "dedicated to arrest and suppress, and not to be treated again." One month later, his father Zheng Zhilong, his relatives and children, etc., "were all exiled to Ningguta, and their family property was lost."Under Shunzhi's appeasement, Zheng's tribe's generals Huang Wu, Shi Lang, and Su Ming surrendered to the Qing Dynasty one after another, and the anti-Qing situation tended to ebb.Under such circumstances, Zheng Chenggong led his troops to the east, expelled the Dutch colonists, and recovered Taiwan.The large-scale armed anti-Qing struggle that lasted for nearly 20 years is coming to an end, and a unified multi-ethnic feudal dynasty has finally been created in the shadow of swords and swords. Shunzhi knew very well that "the emperor must put the national economy and the people's livelihood as the top priority when he is in the world." In order to quickly change the situation of the country's poor and poor people, he attached great importance to restoring the normal social and economic order.In the tenth year of Shunzhi, he adopted the suggestions of Fan Wencheng and others, set up Xingtun Taoist Office, and carried out land reclamation in the north.In Sichuan and other places, an encouraging policy was implemented that the government would lend money to cattle and breed silver for soldiers and civilians to cultivate.Due to the financial difficulties of the Qing government at that time, it was unable to raise a large amount of silver for cattle breeding, so the effect was not great, and it could not be implemented nationwide.Since then, he has successively promulgated the regulations on the supervision and punishment of wasteland reclamation and the regulations on the success of officials in reclamation of wasteland, etc., to encourage wasteland reclamation.In the 14th year of Shunzhi, the Qing government took the amount of tax and service in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty as the standard, and exempted the heavy miscellaneous schools in the Tianqi and Chongzhen years, and soon compiled the "Complete Book of Taxes and Services" and issued it to the world.The government also issued "easy-to-know slips" to taxpayers as proof of payment of taxes to prevent additional collection and private distribution by officials at all levels.In the second year, Jia Han, the governor of Henan Province, made a report on the inventory of more than 90,000 hectares of reclaimed land, and the annual increase in income of more than 408,000 thousand taels.The measures to encourage wasteland reclamation were effective, which made Shunzhi very happy. He praised Jia Hanfu and immediately promoted him. Enclosure, this was a big malpractice during Dorgon's regency.During this period, two large-scale enclosures were carried out.At the beginning, they claimed that they only encircled the unowned wasteland and the land of the nobles of the Ming Dynasty and distributed it to the Manchu officers and soldiers. In fact, they arbitrarily referred to the civilian land as the official village, and insisted that the private cultivated land was the unowned wasteland. Later, they simply ignored the land. Always occupy.Once a field is enclosed, the owner of the land will be expelled immediately, and all property in the family will be taken.Many people were ruined and had no means of living.Only a small amount of the encircled land was allocated to the Eight Banners, and most of it fell into the hands of the royal princes and Eight Banners officials.Due to the heavy military service, Qiding's land was often left uncultivated and unable to be cultivated, which caused great damage to production.In view of the serious consequences caused by the enclosure, Shunzhi issued a decree strictly prohibiting the enclosure after he took office.He believes that the peasants in the field all depend on the land for their livelihood.Hearing that all places are occupying land as a round-trip residence for hunting and falconry, they quickly ordered the local officials to return all the previously enclosed land to the original owner, so that they could seize the opportunity to cultivate.Later, he reiterated again and again that private houses and land should never be enclosed.Later, although sporadic land occupations occurred from time to time, there were no large-scale land enclosures during the Shunzhi period, and this nuisance that endangered thousands of households was finally temporarily suspended. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Dorgon took an indulgent attitude towards the burning, killing, looting, embezzlement and bribery of civil and military officials, resulting in official corruption.These people raped and plundered, stripped people's property, bought and sold by force, seized property and extorted food, accepted people's words privately, and disregarded human life.The astonishing corruption of officials threatened the consolidation and stability of the Qing regime, and also affected the success or failure of the military struggle with Nanming.Shunzhi understood the seriousness of this problem very well. He said that to govern the country and appease the people, the first task of the court is to punish corrupt officials.He issued an order to punish corrupt officials, expressly to his subordinates.The governor was ordered to strictly screen the officials under his command, and to impeach those officials who disturbed the people.He also sent powerful supervisory officials to inspect various places and asked them to correct the violating governors, governors, and general soldiers.Before leaving, Shunzhi personally summoned them and gave them instructions on the precautions.Soon, Wu Weihua, Governor of Water Transport, Tu Guobao, Governor of Jiangning, Lin Tianqing, Governor of Yunnan, and others were dismissed for corruption and lawlessness.The inspector censor Gu Ren violated the law by enforcing the law, "accepting stolen goods against the order" and was executed immediately.According to records, more than 200 corrupt officials were dismissed in the ninth year of Shunzhi alone. Although these efforts of Shunzhi did not fundamentally eradicate the ills of the feudal bureaucracy, they did have an effect on stabilizing the rule of the early Qing Dynasty, making it occupy an advantageous position in the battle with Nanming. Shunzhi knew very well that in order to speed up the process of unifying China and consolidate the Qing Dynasty, he must rely on Han officials.After he came to power, the status and role of Han officials in the Qing court changed significantly.It turns out that the Qing court had an old rule that Han officials could not hold their seals in the yamen, that is, the head of the family could not be the master.Soon after Shunzhi pro-government, it was stipulated that whoever has the highest official title will have the palm seal.In August of the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655 A.D.), Gushan Ezhenzhuoluo, the political affairs officer of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, was ordered to go to the expedition, and Shunzhi ordered Gong Dingzi, the Han official Chengzheng, to be in charge of the seal of the Ministry.After Gong Dingzi heard the order, he was terrified and terrified, and refused to resign with the handprint of the full ministers.But Shunzhi still insisted on letting him print.From then on, the Han official palm seal was formally established as a system.At first, the Manchus were the first rank, and the Han people were only the second rank. In the 15th year of Shunzhi, they were all the first rank.At first, the six ministers were first-rank for Manchus and second-rank for Han people. In the 16th year of Shunzhi, they were all changed to second-rank. Hong Chengchou, Fan Wencheng, Jin Zhijun and other scholars of the Han nationality are not only familiar with the laws and regulations, but also sophisticated and rich in political struggle experience.Shunzhi trusted and reused them all.Soon after taking office, he appointed Fan Wencheng as the minister of state affairs who was originally all Manchurians, which gave him the favor that the Han people had never received.He and Fan Wencheng often discuss how to govern the country together.Fan Wencheng told him that the policies implemented by the ruler should be in line with the people's will and the trend, and he proposed important suggestions such as promoting farming, recruiting refugees, and recruiting talents regardless of Manchu and Han relatives, regardless of qualifications, and not avoiding relatives and grievances. adoption.He had a close relationship with Fan Wencheng, and he often "visited the three courts" with him, "going in and out of time", and the inner courtyard of the palace almost became Fan's "living place", and even some Han officials in the court were dissatisfied with it , Shunzhi didn't care.Fan Wencheng was repeatedly promoted to the rank of official under him. When Fan Wencheng was old and frail and begged for a rest, Shunzhi was still reluctant to part with him, and ordered him to be called again after he recovered from his illness. Shunzhi reused and favored Han officials in order to "seek good governance" and make the Qing Dynasty long-term.However, deep in his heart, there is still a kind of instinctive suspicion of the Manchu nobles towards the Han people.He is most worried about Han officials forming a party, so he always takes precautions.In April of the tenth year of Shunzhi, 27 Han officials, including the scholar Chen Mingxia, the secretary of the household department Chen Zhilin, and the censor of Zuodu Jin Zhijun, jointly signed a letter to Shangshu, demanding that Ren Zhen, the chief soldier who killed his wife and concubine, be reorganized.Shunzhi immediately became vigilant, thinking that Chen Mingxia and others were part of the same party and attacking dissidents, so he ordered officials of the seventh rank and above from all ministries to gather outside the Meridian Gate to discuss crimes against Chen Mingxia and others.Later, University scholar Ning Wanwo impeached Chen Mingxia on charges of hating haircuts, despising Manchu clothes, forming a party for personal gain, and harboring evil intentions, and he was eventually executed.Similar suspicions, precautions, and even harming Han officials happened from time to time, but in general, Shunzhi still trusted and reused Han officials, and it was these people who helped him during his reign, enabling the young emperor to be able to make a difference. In the eighth year of Shunzhi, Fulin and Tang Ruowang were introduced by the scholar Fan Wencheng. This 59-year-old foreign missionary with profound knowledge quickly won the favor and admiration of the young emperor.In this year, Tang Ruowang was granted the title of Tongyi doctor, his father and grandfather were granted the title of Tongfeng doctor, his mother and grandmother were granted the title of second-rank wife, and the imperial silk scroll was sent to Germany.Soon he was granted the title of Minister of Taipusi, and then changed to Minister of Taichang Temple.In March of the tenth year of Shunzhi, he was also named "Teacher Tongxuan".Emperor Shunzhi not only honored and honored him during his lifetime, but also planned for his afterlife.In March of the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654), Tang Ruowang was given the land next to Matteo Ricci's cemetery outside Fucheng Gate as his tomb a hundred years later.Later, Shunzhi wrote "Tongwei Jiajing" in his own hand and gave it to him to hang in the church inside Xuanwumen.Under the favor of Shunzhi, Tang Ruowang was truly honored and honored.Because Shunzhi's mother, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, recognized Tang Ruowang as his adoptive father, he honored Tang Ruowang as Mafa according to the Manchu custom, that is, the grandfather in Chinese. What is the reason for Shunzhi's unusual favor to Tang Ruowang?He once said to the left and right ministers: "Ru Cao only said that I am ambitious and vain, but Ruo Wang is not the case. His memorials and words are all kind, and I don't feel tears when I read it." He also said: "Mafa is an incomparable person. But when he becomes an official because of benefits, he always asks for favors; I often order Mafa to beg for favors, and he is only satisfied with favors and relatives. This is the so-called person who does not love benefits and benefits, but loves the king and relatives!" Tang Ruowang was overwhelmed with gratitude for the emperor's kindness.Therefore, he often speaks bluntly, advises and advises Shunzhi to govern, and acts as a confidant adviser.When Emperor Shunzhi was dying, he discussed the establishment of an heir, specifically seeking Tang Ruowang's opinion.Tang Ruowang advocated that Xuanye be the heir to the throne on the grounds that Xuanye had suffered from smallpox, and Shunzhi followed his opinion for the last time. Shunzhi favored Tang Ruowang, which made Catholicism popular in China.Tang Ruowang built a bridge between China and Western missionaries, allowing a large number of missionaries to flow into China and gain the freedom to preach.In the more than ten years from Shunzhi's pro-government to the early years of Kangxi, at least 100,000 people were baptized and converted to religion across the country. In the 70 years before that, there were only 150,000 people in total. If it is said that Shunzhi's interest in Catholicism is mainly due to his respect and favor for Tang Ruowang, the "Mafa", then Shunzhi's admiration for Buddhist affairs is indeed a yearning for it. In the early Qing Dynasty, Yulin Wangxiu, a famous Zen monk of Linji Sect, became the abbot of Huzhou Baoen Temple at the age of only 23. This is rare in Zen sect, so it is valued by Buddhists.After Shunzhi heard about Yulin Wangxiu's name, he invited him to Beijing to speak.Unexpectedly, Yulin Wang Xiu put on a lofty air. After receiving the edict, he was bedridden at first, and then politely declined on the excuse that his mother had not been buried.Until the second year, after several urgings, he finally set off for Beijing, but he didn't know he was sick when he arrived in Tianjin.It wasn't until Shunzhi agreed that he would send him back immediately after asking, that Yulin Wang Xiucai finally arrived in Beijing, where he was treated very favorably by Shunzhi.Shunzhi treated him as a Zen master and asked him to name himself "Xingzhi" and called himself a disciple. He often visited Wangxiu's house in Yulin to ask for advice on Buddhism.Yulin Wang Xiu also tried his best to influence Shunzhi with Buddhism. He often said that the emperor was very happy, so he awarded him yellow clothes, purple reins, silver seals, and gold seals. title of Zen master.Both parties have their own intentions in their exchanges. The purpose of Yulin Wangxiu is to enhance his prestige and expand the power of his sect with the help of imperial power, while Shunzhi found some kind of idea of ​​comforting his soul from Buddhism.Although their purposes are different, they lead to the same goal. The emperor and Zen monks are closely linked by Buddhism. When Shunzhi was just 14 years old, the Empress Dowager chose Borzigit, the daughter of Wu Keshan, Prince of Horqin Zhuoliketu, as the queen according to the wishes of the then regent Dorgon.In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), a grand wedding was held on August 13 to welcome the queen into the palace.On this day, there was a scene of thousands of people celebrating together inside and outside the capital.All the royal roads in the palace are paved with red felt, and the characters of Double Happiness hang high above the gates of each palace.However, the grand and lively wedding did not bring a happy marriage to the emperor.The queen was born beautiful, well-behaved and intelligent, but shortly after marriage, she had a rift with the emperor.Shunzhi soon became intolerable to the queen.Two years later, she was deposed and reduced to Concubine Jing, who lived in a side room.Why was Borzigit cast aside?Shunzhi himself thought that she was mischievous, very cruel, and very jealous. When she saw someone with a slightly outstanding appearance, she hated her very much and wanted to put her to death.She guessed every move of the emperor, so that the emperor had to live in another place and not meet him.The emperor always loved simplicity, but she was fond of extravagance. The clothes she wore were all embellished with pearls and jade, and she didn't know how to cherish them. When eating, she was very upset if there was a utensil that was not made of gold.The emperor couldn't bear what she had done, and became ill from depression.After the empress dowager learned of the reason, she let him decide as appropriate, and the emperor decided to depose the empress.However, the abolition of the latter was not all smooth sailing.Although Shunzhi is the king of a country, he is bound by etiquette and laws, and cannot easily abolish and establish a queen.After the plan of abolishing the empress became known to the ministers, the academicians Feng Quan, Chen Mingxia and others successively played, asking the emperor to think carefully and act carefully.They believe that the queen has not made any obvious mistakes since she took the throne, so she can be easily deposed like this, which can neither satisfy the queen's heart nor the world's future generations.If the queen is really not in line with the emperor's wishes, the old system can be followed to select the East and West Palaces.But Shunzhi had made up his mind and it was difficult to change it. After some twists and turns, the queen was finally abolished.Judging from the memorials of the ministers at that time, the queen may not be as vicious and heartless as Shunzhi reprimanded. Perhaps it is what people often say, the two have no fate. Shunzhi had a total of 19 concubines in his life, but Dong E's family was probably his favorite.It is said that Dong E was originally the wife of Shunzhi's half-brother, Prince Xiang Bomuboguoer, but she was fanatically loved by Shunzhi.For this, Bomu Boguoer reprimanded Dong Eshi.After Shunzhi heard about this, he slapped his younger brother.Soon, Bomubogor died in anger at the age of 16.When Dong E's 27-day mourning period expired, Shunzhi made her a virtuous concubine. It was the thirteenth year of Shunzhi, when the emperor was 13 years old and Dong E's was 18 years old.A month later, she was promoted to imperial concubine and issued an imperial edict to the world.In the Qing Dynasty, the canonized concubines did not issue edicts to the world. Shunzhi's exception is enough to prove his love for Dong E's family.The father of the imperial concubine was also very favored. He was promoted to three ranks in a row and received a lot of rewards. After his death, he was posthumously named a marquis. The Dong E family once gave birth to a son for Shunzhi, namely the fourth son of the emperor. Because of his mother's nobleness, the son was said to have been prepared by the emperor to make him the crown prince.But unfortunately, he died three months after he was born before he was named.Not long after the incident, the imperial concubine who favored the harem also passed away due to excessive sorrow. It was the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (AD 1660).She only accompanied Shunzhi for 4 years before leaving in a hurry.The death of Dong E's family plunged Shunzhi into an inescapable pain.After the death of the imperial concubine, the emperor used the blue pen to approve the book for more than 4 months, while the Qing Dynasty custom, the funeral of the emperor and the empress dowager, the blue pen approval is only limited to 27 days.Since Shunzhi could not share eternal years with his beloved imperial concubine, he had no choice but to use these special encounters to express and entrust his infinite love and nostalgia for her.He personally wrote thousands of words for Concubine Dong E's "Concubine Dong's Journey", reminiscing about the love and love between the two of them day and night.In order to appease Shunzhi, the queen mother agreed to posthumously designate Dong E as queen, that is, empress filial piety. Although Shunzhi treated his dead favorite concubine with various special treatment, it did not comfort his grief.Since then, his mood has become increasingly depressed, and his already weak body has become more and more unable to support him. On the second day of the first month of the 18th year of Shunzhi, Shunzhi went to Minzhong Temple to watch the shaving ceremony of his trusted eunuch Wu Liangfu. After returning to the palace, he was bedridden and was diagnosed with the terrible smallpox.Establishing an heir immediately became a top priority.Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang Wen has always deliberately cultivated the third son of the emperor Xuanye, placed high hopes on him, and insisted on making him the crown prince.Shunzhi sent someone to consult Tang Ruowang's opinion, and his opinion was the same as that of the Queen Mother. Shunzhi, who wanted to establish his second son Fuquan, had no choice but to agree to this opinion.Knowing that his death was approaching, Shunzhi summoned the kings Baylor and his ministers to announce the edict. In the edict, he announced that the 8-year-old Xuan Ye would inherit the throne, and four heroes with different surnames, Soni, Sukesaha, Ebilong, and Aobai. co-government. After the edict was read, Shunzhi also died at the age of 24. He reigned for 18 years and was in charge for 11 years.Shunzhi, who was quite individual, was posthumously titled "Emperor Zhang" and his temple name was "Shizu".