Chapter 331 Chapter Three Hundred and Thirty

Yuan Yingzong, also known as Emperor Gejian, named Shuode Bala, was the son of Renzong, his mother Zhuang Yi, Empress Cisheng, and Hongjila clan.Born in the seventh year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (AD 1303), he was killed in the third year of Zhizhi.21 years old.Reigned from 1320 to 1323 AD. Shuodebala was the direct son of Yuan Renzong's Aiyu Libalibada, who was born in Huaizhou Wangfu near Luoyang.That area is the hometown of Ercheng, the founder of the Song Dynasty, who lived a life of a landlord and scholar-bureaucrat since he was a child, and was influenced by his father who was more active in promoting the "Han Law". The culture is very different from the children of nobles who grew up on horseback in the Mongolian grasslands.In December of the fifth year after Renzong ascended the throne, that is, in the third year of Yanyou (AD 1316), 14-year-old Shuode Bala was established as the crown prince.Grant Jinbao, open the government and set up officials.In this way, Shudebaca became the target of Confucian officials inside and outside the court trying their best to exert influence.Zhao Jian, the censor Zhongcheng, supervisor Duan Fu, Ma Zuchang, the prince Zhan Shi Guo Guan and others, all played successively, asking for "near sages, choose masters", "recruit people with a wide range of elegance and knowledge", and strengthen Confucian orthodox education for the prince .

In October of the sixth year of Yanyou, Renzong bestowed the Shuode Baci Jade Book, ordering all the general affairs to be informed to the prince first, and then to hear about it.Shuode Baca warned the Minister of Zhongshu: "The Supreme Entrusts me with the affairs of the world. I am worried day and night, fearing that I will not be competent. You should wash your hearts and minds, be diligent in your duties, and make no mistakes, so as not to increase the worries of your father. "In the first month of the seventh year of Yanyou, Renzong felt unwell, and he burned incense and prayed.After Renzong's death, he slept on the ground in plain clothes, only drank a bowl of porridge every day, mourning and mourning.In March of this year, the 18-year-old Shuode Bacha took the throne of Emperor Yingzong in the Daming Hall, known as Yingzong.

Yingzong believed that the throne had been upright early, and it was a matter of course that he won the throne, so he reformed the Khan selection system followed by Mongolia, and only after he ascended the throne did he meet the kings in the Daming Palace.The Mongolian nobles were extremely dissatisfied with this practice of abolishing and reforming the "national ceremony".Yingzong quickly fell into complaints and isolation in the aristocratic group.After answering himself, he also found that the young emperor, "resolutely seen in color", was far from being so cowardly as he had thought, and couldn't help but uttered the regretful words of "I shouldn't have such a child".

Aji is the biological mother of Wuzong and Renzong, and she is obviously conservative in politics.On the 4th day after Renzong's death, before Yingzong ascended the throne, Daji removed Bo Dasha, the prime minister of Zhongshu at that time, and appointed Tiemu Dier as prime minister of the right.They colluded with each other and became a powerful force to divide the monarchy.Yingzong was very dissatisfied with this. The dictatorship of conservative forces such as Daji and Tiemu Dier had posed a direct threat to Yingzong. Yingzong felt that he was a weak and lonely family, and his position was also in jeopardy.In order to contain Temu Dier and consolidate his political status, Yingzong resolutely dismissed Prime Minister Zuo who was part of Temu Dier's party soon after he came to the throne, and dismissed Mu Huali's descendant, the grandson of An Tong, the prime minister of the ancestors. Bai Zhuli became the prime minister of the left, and he was cited as a confidant.

In the seventh year of Yanyou (AD 1320), A San, the political officer of Pingzhang in Lingbei Province, Heilu, the political officer of Zhongshu Pingzhang, Tuo Teha, the royal doctor, and the Huizheng envoy were also listed as the widow who was to be conspired. Shiba conspired to depose Shuodebala and make Shuodebala's younger brother An Wang Wudu Sibuhua Khan, and was accused.Yingzong guessed that the person behind the scenes was the Empress Dowager Xingsheng Daji.He summoned worshipers to live in the palace to make decisions, pre-emptively, and with lightning speed, led the guards in the palace to hunt and kill Asan, Toteha, Black Donkey, Shiliemen, and Yiliemiba.Yi Lie Shiba's son, Pingzhang Zhengshi of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, was also arrested for buying donkeys, and his home was ransacked.Mi Xuemi, the envoy of Huizhengyuan who participated in the plot to abolish the establishment, was exiled to Mount Kumgang, and the former prince Zhan Shichuanger was executed.Wudu Sibuhua, King An, was conferred the title of King Shunyang, and was also killed in November.Because of the protection of the Queen Mother, Tiemu Dier hid at home because of his illness, and no longer bothered Zhongshu to save trouble.

In August, Tiemu Dier photographed the Taiwei and acted in accordance with the jade book.Because Zhao Shiyan had impeached him for his traitor, he accused him of disrespect, asked to kill him, and investigated the ministers of the province and Taiwan.Yingzong knew that Zhao Shiyan was loyal and good, so he flatly rejected Timudier's request.In November, Tiemu Dier excused Prime Minister Gao Fang and other officials with an excuse, but was rejected again.At this time, the relationship between Yingzong and Baizhu became closer, while Tiemu Dier was gradually alienated. However, in the early days of Yingzong, due to the faction of Daji and Temudieer being very powerful, although there was a confrontation between the two forces, the conflict was not made public.

In order to realize the prosperity of the country and the prosperity of the people, Yingzong broke through the resistance and implemented a series of reforms.In terms of economy, in order to get rid of difficulties and save expenses, Yingzong boldly reduced officials and lowered official ranks.After ascending the throne, Yingzong immediately ordered the elimination of the 5 left-behind members of the left-behind division of Shangdu.Send down the Taichang Ritual Institute, Tongzhengyuan, Duhufu, Chongfusi, and from the second grade; Mongolian Guozijian, Dushuijian, Shangcheng Temple, Guanglu Temple, and from the third grade; to Shizhong, Lanyijian, Shang Shesi, Sitianjian, and the four ranks; their official positions are all descended to the first rank.In addition, institutions such as the Shaofu Supervisor, Huihui Guozijian, and the Executive Yuan were abolished.The post of prime minister of Xing Zhongshu Province was cut off.For the refugees from all over the country, Yingzong rewarded a large amount of food and horses to appease them.Implement alcohol prohibition and tax relief in famine areas.In order to reduce the burden on farmers, Yingzong also reduced or exempted corvee collection and payment many times.

Yingzong also implemented some measures to strengthen the centralization of power.It is expressly forbidden for religious people to communicate with the kings, and those who master the five subjects of Yin and Yang are not allowed to disclose their occupations. Yingzong attached great importance to learning the culture of the Han nationality.In December of the seventh year of Yanyou (1320 A.D.), Kudu Luduer, a scholar of the Imperial Academy, presented his translation of "University Yanyi" written by Song Confucian Zhendexiu to Yingzong, and was awarded 50,000 guan.Yingzong then presented the printed version of "University Yanyi" to the officials.He also ordered to save the poor descendants of the Confucian family to show respect for Confucianism.In May of the first year of Zhizhi (AD 1321), he ordered the children of the aristocratic family to study in Guoxue.He twice ordered the Hanlin National History Academy to compile the "Records of Renzong" and the biographies of concubines and heroes.In February of the third year of Zhizhi, the "Records of Renzong" was completed.

Yingzong was good at accepting advice. He once appointed the eunuch Boluotai as Taichang's order. The Taichang official believed that criminals should not participate in sacrifices, so Yingzong dismissed Boluotai.Zhongshu Shengchen proposed to control the rewards, and Yingzong also adopted them.In the same year, the Taishi Academy requested to ban the cultivation of earth gongs for the next year, and Yingzong also accepted it.Yingzong once wanted to be in Zhangdeng Palace on New Year's Day, and Zhang Yanghao, a member of the Zhongshu Provincial Committee, wrote a letter to dissuade him, and he immediately ordered to stop.He was very concerned about government affairs, and ordered all officials to work hard on government affairs every day without slack.A close minister was entrusted by others to present seven treasure belts. Yingzong said: "I ascended the throne, but I didn't see you recommending talents, but I was brought in by others. This is to lure me. Return it quickly." Unable to explain the reason, Yingzong said: "It's all because I have not governed properly and you are not dedicated to your duties. We should be diligent in all our duties so that the people will not suffer another disaster."He attached great importance to the selection and appointment of officials, and sent envoys to various provinces to select officials.

In the second year of Zhizhi, Tiemu Dier and Daji died of illness one after another, which basically freed Yingzong from the restraint of conservative forces and provided an opportunity for the implementation of reforms.In October, Yingzong regarded Baizhu as the right prime minister of Zhongshu, and did not appoint another prime minister left in order to express his trust.In the "Extraordinary Order of the Right Prime Minister", Yingzong expressed his determination to strive for governance and reform government affairs.In the next few months, Yingzong carried out a series of reforms. The contents of the New Deal include the following aspects: 1. Large-scale employment of Han landlord bureaucrats and Confucian officials; Fourth, the reduction of corvee; fifth, the approval and promulgation of "Dayuan Tongzhi".

The reforms carried out by Yingzong violated the interests of most conservative Mongolian Semu nobles and aroused their opposition and resistance.Yingzong's reduction and dismissal of redundant officials also greatly touched the privileged class of the aristocrats who lived in rich and poor jobs.In order to change the long-standing bad habits, Emperor Yingzong warned his officials: "Qing and others occupy a high position and have a good salary, so you should try your best to repay it." However, the dissatisfaction and resistance of the conservative nobles hindered the implementation of the New Deal. In the third year of Zhizhi (1323 A.D.), Yingzong went to Shangdu to spend the summer. wealth.This aroused the dissatisfaction and fear of Tie Shi, Tie Mu Dier's confidant.Tie Shi's father is Chang Wang Ah Shi, his mother is Princess Gaili Haiya, and his younger sister is Su Ge Ba La, the queen of Yingzong.When he was in Renzong, he was an official in the Imperial Academy, and he was an envoy of the Xuanhui Academy.After Yingzong ascended the throne, he also served as the envoy of the Taiyuan Hospital and the commander of Weiwei in Zhongdu (in the first year of Zhizhi, it was renamed as the commander of Zhongyi's bodyguard and pro-army).In March of the first year of Zhizhi, Guanyinbao, the supervisory censor, was killed, leaving the censor platform empty, and Tiemu Dier took the opportunity to recommend him as the doctor censor.Since then, his status has become more and more noble, and he has been in charge of the imperial guards and left and right Asowei.Tie Shi is greedy for money and goods, and has a mean character. He worships Tie Mu Dier as his adoptive father and regards himself as his adopted son.In December of the second year of Zhizhi, Bali Jisi, the envoy of Xuanzhengyuan, the son of Tiemu Diier, was exposed by worshipers, and Liu Kui pretended to offer land to be punished, and he belonged to his family.In February of the following year, Liu Kui and his colleague, Xuanzheng Yuan Shi Nang Jiatai, who participated in the fraudulent land donation case, were also executed.Seeing that the situation was becoming more and more unfavorable to him, Tie Shi and his henchmen conspired to plan a bloody coup in the palace. In the third year of Zhizhi, Tie Shiwei launched a palace coup, looking for a new backer.He and the confidant of King Jin's Sun Tiemu'er, Shi Dao Shasha in the palace, "know each other deeply".On August 2, Tie Shi dispatched an envoy to Yesun Timur to inform him of his plan to launch a coup d'état, and said that after the event was completed, Yesun Timur would be promoted as emperor. On the 5th, Yingzong's car drove south from Shangdu, and camped at Nanpodian, 30 miles away from Shangdu, at night.While Yingzong was sleeping in the middle of the night, 16 people including Tie Shi and Tie Mu'er, who knew the affairs of the Privy Council, broke into the emperor's camp. With the guards as the internal response, they first killed Baizhu, and then Tie Shi killed Yingzong on the bed.On September 4th, Tie Mu'er, the king of Jin who had long coveted the throne, took the throne in Longjuhe (that is, Qilulianhe), and was named Emperor Taiding.Yingzong was buried in the tombs of the emperors.In February of the first year of Taiding (AD 1324), the posthumous title was "Emperor Ruisheng Wenxiao", and the temple name was "Yingzong".