Chapter 303 Chapter 302 Taizu Wanyan Aguda

Taizu was the founder of gold.His surname is Wanyan, his first name is Aguda, also known as Min.He is the second son of Shizu Libo, and his mother is Queen Nalan of Yijian.He was born in the fourth year of Liao Xianyong (1608 AD), and died in the seventh year of Jin Tianfu.Reigned from 1115 to 1123 AD. The Jurchens are an ethnic group with a long history in Northeast my country.At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the Khitan tribe rose up in northern China, and soon established the Liao regime, which was gradually controlled by the Jurchen tribe. In the middle of the 10th century A.D., when the ancestor of the Wanyan tribe, Suikai, was the leader of the tribal alliance, the Jurchens settled on the bank of the Hushui River (now the Ashi River near Acheng, Heilongjiang Province) and began to grow grains.At that time, the Jurchen tribe was divided into raw and mature Jurchen.Those who belong to Khitan nationality are mature Jurchen, which are in the south; those who do not belong to Khitan nationality are raw Jurchen, which are in the north.The Wanyan Department is the birth of Jurchen.By the time of Jingzu Wugunai, the Wanyan tribe was already very powerful. They bought ironware from neighboring countries, repaired bows and arrows, and made equipment.By the time of Mu Zongyingge, the various ministries of Shengjurchen were gradually unified and formed a powerful military tribal alliance.

Aguda was born in an upper-class aristocratic family of the Jurchen tribe.He cultivated the spirit of martial arts since he was a child. When he was a teenager, he was famous for being good at riding and shooting.Once, an envoy from the Liao Dynasty came to Wanyan’s mansion as a guest. When he saw Ah Guda holding a bow and arrow, he asked him to shoot birds in the sky with his arrows. Ah Guda shot three arrows in a row and hit all three shots. The Liao envoy was very surprised and praised Aguda repeatedly. For "odd man".Aguda is so powerful that the arrows he shoots can reach a distance of 320 steps, which is beyond the reach of Manduhe, who is most famous for shooting long distances in the clan.Aguda fought with his father and brother since he was 23 years old. He fought bravely and courageously. The various ministries of the unified birth of Jurchen have made great contributions.The ruler of the Liao Dynasty specially ordered Aguda to be careful.Before his death, Shizu Libo believed that only Aguda could free the Jurchens from the control of the Khitans.In the third year of Tianqing (1113 A.D.), Kangzong Wu Yashu died of illness, and Aguda succeeded him as Dubo Jilie.Since then, he made great efforts to govern, lived up to expectations, and took on the heavy responsibility of the struggle against Liao Dynasty.

Aguda sent envoys to the Liao Dynasty many times to carry out diplomatic activities and secretly spy on the military situation.He himself also met with the emperor of the Liao Dynasty many times, and he knew the defeat of the Liao Dynasty like the palm of his hand. After Aguda completed the unification of the Jurchen tribes, he began to strengthen the military strength of the Jurchen tribe, and encouraged tribe members to engage in agricultural production and save food.At the same time, build castles, repair military equipment, train troops and herd horses.In addition, Aguda continued to maintain his tribute to the Liao Emperor, and bribed the Khitan dignitaries from time to time to paralyze the Liao ruler.

In the spring of the second year of Tianqing, Emperor Tianzuo of Liao Dynasty came to the Huntong River (now Songhua River) for fishing and recreation.According to the old customs of Khitan, Emperor Tianzuo held a "head fish banquet", and at the same time hosted a banquet for the heads of various ministries of the Nuzhen tribe who came to pay tribute.When the wine was half drunk, Emperor Tianzuo ordered the chiefs to sing and dance one by one. When it was Aguda's turn, he stood upright and refused to accept Emperor Tianzuo's order because he could not sing and dance.Afterwards, Emperor Tianzuo said to Xiao Fengxian, the privy envoy: "At the banquet the day before yesterday, A Guda was very heroic. I think he is unusual. We should kill him for an excuse, otherwise there will be troubles." Xiao Fengxian replied: "A Guda is vulgar and vulgar. I don’t know the etiquette, and I’m afraid it’s inappropriate to kill him without any major fault.” The "head fish banquet incident" was the guiding stone for A Guda to reveal the rebellion against the Liao Dynasty, and its occurrence showed that the conflict between the two sides had become extremely acute.

Ashu is the chief of the Heshi Lie tribe.He wanted to use the power of the Liao rulers in an attempt to regain his own power.For this reason, the Wanyan family asked Emperor Liao to return Ah Shu several times, and the two sides had frequent negotiations, but there was no result.After Aguda succeeded Dubo Jilie, he was determined to solve this problem, and successively sent Pujianu, Xigunai, Wanyan Yinshuke, Puguici and others to the Liao Dynasty to ask for Ashu, but all failed.Aguda used this as an excuse to raise the banner of raising troops against Liao. In September of the fourth year of Tianqing (1114 A.D.), Aguda rebelled against the Liao Dynasty. He first marched into Ningjiang Prefecture, an important military town in the north of the Liao Dynasty (now Shitouchengzi, Fuyu, Jilin), and 2,500 Jurchen soldiers gathered in Lailiuhe (now Jilin and Heilongjiang) The west bank of the Lalin River at the junction.A Guda worshiped his ancestors and swore teachers here, and counted the crimes of the Liao rulers. The Jurchen soldiers bravely killed the enemy. The defense enabled the great pharmacist slave to win the first historic victory in the anti-Liao war.

After capturing Ningjiang Prefecture, the Jurchen army took advantage of the victory to attack, directly targeting Chuhedian, another important military town in the Liao Dynasty (now northwest of Zhaoyuan, Heilongjiang).In Chuhedian, there are 100,000 elite soldiers led by Xiao Sixian, the governor of the Liao Dynasty, and Ta Buye, the deputy commander of the Liao Dynasty.Aguda adopted a flexible strategy and tactics, dealt a surprise blow to the Liao army, and won the battle of Chuhedian again.The Battle of Chuhedian was a decisive battle in the early days of the Anti-Liao War. After the battle, the power of the Jurchen increased greatly, and the army grew to 10,000 people. , had to sit still.

With the changes in the balance of power between the Jurchen and Liao regimes, it was imperative to establish a unified Jurchen state.In the first month of the first year of receiving the country (1115 A.D.), Wu begged to buy, revoked and resigned, and all civil and military officials wrote a letter to Agudajian, proclaiming himself emperor.Aguda ordered the world and began to proclaim himself emperor.The name of the country was Jin, and when the country was established in Yuan Dynasty, Aguda became the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty, known as Jin Taizu. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, Taizu Aguda continued to carry out the war against Liao Dynasty.Started to attack the northern important area of ​​Liao, which belongs to the residence of Liao Jurchen.The troops were divided into three groups: one was led by A Guda to attack Bin (now Jilin Dehui North) and Xiangerzhou, which belonged to Huanglongfu Road; the other was led by Wulugu and Lou Shi to attack Xianzhou (now Jilin Kaiyuan); Along the way, Jiagu Sagai generals launched an attack on Baozhou and Kaizhou in the south.Its intention was to first sweep away the fortresses around Huanglong Mansion (now Jilin Nong'an) in order to cut off its foreign aid, and then concentrate its forces to attack Huanglong Mansion and seize the important military town where the rulers of the Liao Dynasty controlled the Jurchens, so as to achieve the liberation of the entire Jurchens. Truly unified.

In a short period of time, the Jin army quickly captured Binzhou and Xiangzhou, occupied Xianzhou, and realized the siege of Huanglong Mansion.Taizu dispatched Yan Loushi's army and launched the Daluzhan Campaign, which completely relieved the worries of besieging Huanglong Mansion.Then, Aguda ordered the Jin army to attack across the board to attack Huanglong Mansion.Unable to resist, the Liao army abandoned the city and fled, and the Jin army occupied Huanglong Mansion. When the news that the Jin army captured Huanglong Mansion came, Emperor Liao Tianzuo panicked and issued an imperial edict to personally lead an army of hundreds of thousands to enter Tuomen.At that time, the Jin Dynasty was first established, and it was in a disadvantageous state with few major generals.The enemy was at present, and the situation was very critical. In a hurry, Aguda moved out of the ancient custom. He cut his forehead with a knife, cried to the sky, and bid farewell to his followers.But all the soldiers said with one voice: "The matter has come to this, we will resolutely obey the order and fight to the death with the Khitan people." The morale of the Jin army was high and they were full of confidence that they would win.Aguda then personally led the army to meet the enemy. At this critical juncture, Yeluzhangnu, the governor of the Liao vanguard, launched a coup d'état, planning to support Yeluchun, the king of Yan, as emperor. West also.The Jin army took advantage of the momentum and pursued bravely, and the Liao army was defeated. Emperor Tianzuo traveled 500 miles a day and a night, fled to Guangpingdian Palace, and surrendered to Changchun Prefecture.

In April of the second year of receiving the country (AD 1116), Jin Taizu ordered Wulu to lead the internal and external armies, together with Pucha and Digunai, together with Xianzhou Road Capital, to lead the army to attack Gao Yongchang.The Jin army quickly occupied Liaoyang Fucheng, and then began to manage the prefectures, states, and counties of Tokyo Province, and seized the residence of Liao Jurchen in Tokyo Province.So far, at the same time as the anti-Liao war, Aguda finally realized the unification of the entire Jurchen tribe. After that, Aguda continued to fight. In the spring of the first year of Tianfu (AD 1117), the Jin army learned that Liao had no military defenses in Changchun Prefecture and Taizhou on the Shangjing Road, so Aguda ordered Gao to lead Zongxiong, Zonggan, Lou Shi and other generals. Wan attacked Changchun Prefecture, the Liao army collapsed without a fight, and the Jin army took advantage of the momentum to capture Taizhou.

In April of the fourth year of Tianfu, Aguda personally led an army to attack Liao again, and occupied Linhuang Mansion in Shangjing in May.In the second year, Jin Taizu took Hulubo Jiliegao as the commander of the internal and external armies, and Yu, Zonghan, Zonggan, Zongwang, Zongpan, etc. as deputy, continued to attack in four directions, and successively captured Zhongjing University. Dingfu, Xijing Datong Mansion and Yanjing Xijin Mansion.The Liao Dynasty was on the verge of final extinction. With the victory of the war against the Liao Dynasty, more and more people from all ethnic groups surrendered. In order to implement an ethnic policy that treats them equally, Aguda issued many edicts to favor those who surrendered.In the second year of Tianfu, Aguda issued an edict again, all the newly surrendered people of all ethnic groups should be appeased and given official food so that they can live and work in peace and contentment without disturbing or harassing them.

In order to concentrate on dealing with the Liao nobles, Aguda adopted a friendly attitude towards Goryeo, Xixia, and the Northern Song Dynasty, and has always maintained peaceful and friendly relations with them.In the second year of Tianfu, Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty sent Mazheng envoy Jin, and in the second year Jin Taizu sent Nian Muhe and others back to the Northern Song Dynasty to discuss the issue of joint attack on Liao Dynasty.In the fourth year of Tianfu, Song sent Zhao Liangsi and other envoys to Jin, and finally agreed: Song and Jin jointly attacked Liao, Song took Liao's Yanjing Xijin Mansion, and Jin took Liao's Zhongjing Dading Mansion. The old coins lost to Liao in the past were transferred to Jin; Jin returned the Han land in Yanjing, which was ceded to Liao at the time of Shi Jingtang in the Later Jin Dynasty, to the Song Dynasty. This is the famous "Sea Alliance" between Song and Jin in history. After the two parties vowed to make an alliance, the Jin army quickly attacked and captured Zhongjing and Xijing successively; while the Northern Song army, under the leadership of Tong Guan and Zhong Shidao, besieged Yanjing twice without breaking the city.In April of the sixth year of Tianfu, the Jin army captured Yanjing with the cooperation of the Song army.Since then, for the ownership of the Yanjing area, Song and Jin have negotiated many times.In the end, the Jin Dynasty only returned Yanjing and its six prefectures of Ji, Jing, Zhuo, Shun, Tan, and Yi to the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition to losing all the old coins sent to the Liao in the past to the Jin Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty had to pay the Jin Dynasty every year. Pay 1 million yuan of Yanjing tax money. After Aguda proclaimed himself emperor, he started the regime construction of the slave-owner aristocrats of the Jin Dynasty. In the policy program, Aguda basically did not change the old customs, and developed the slave system in accordance with the country's system and based on agriculture. In order to establish a new slavery possession relationship, Aguda first established the imperial power, that is, developed Dubojin, Guoxiang, and Bojin into the highest authority of the central government—the Bojilie System. "Bo Jin" is a Jurchen language, and it is the title of a tribal chief. "Du Bo Jin" refers to the leader of a tribal alliance.Aguda's unification of Jurchen ministries was based on conquest by force. In order not to overly stimulate the nerves of the Jurchen ministries of the old alliance and to maintain unity, Aguda allowed the chiefs of the tribes to use the name of Bo Jin, retaining the Bo Jin system, and at the same time, endowed Its new meaning develops into a new vigorous system.Under the Bojilie system, Dubojilie, the supreme military leader of the original tribal alliance, was renamed the emperor, and he was in the highest ruling position in the country, and various Bojilie were set up below.In July of the first year of receiving the country (AD 1115), Aguda began to combine the state system with the Bojin system, established the official titles of the central ruling body, and formally set up various Bojilie. After A Guda succeeded Du Bo Jilie, he first perfected Meng'an Mouk as a military establishment.After the Battle of Ningjiang Prefecture, according to the actual needs of the anti-Liao war, Aguda reorganized the inherent army and ordered 300 households to form a Mouk, and every 10 Mouks formed a Meng'an, and Mouk and Meng'an were centurions respectively. , Commander.In each campaign, combat teams were formed according to the "Shiwu system", which greatly enhanced the mobility and organizational discipline of the army.Menganmouke developed into a local administrative organization, which was widely implemented in the newly occupied areas, which was extremely beneficial to the rulers of the Jin Dynasty to consolidate their rule and strengthen the centralization of power. After Aguda became emperor, he actively reformed the bad governance of the society. In terms of law, he established a new legal system, stipulating that there is no distinction between high and low in front of laws and regulations, and retained some equal things from the clan period, aiming to prevent common people from going bankrupt and becoming slaves. As a result, the source of national military strength was reduced and weakened; it was also stipulated that prisoners should be punished and redeemed in parallel.In order to improve the national quality of the Jurchens and get rid of the original marriage customs, in May of the first year of Tianfu (1117 A.D.), Agu issued an edict to strictly prohibit the Jurchens from marrying with the same surname. Anyone who married with the same surname after the Ningjiang Prefecture Campaign ended must be divorced. Aguda attached great importance to cultural undertakings, and he ordered the creation of the first Jurchen script.Before the founding of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchens did not have written words. They used "letter cards" to record events and pass orders. During combat, there were special people who were engaged in verbal transmission of orders, which was called "gate stabs", which was very inconvenient.After the founding of the country, Aguda immediately ordered Wanyan Xiyi to create characters.Wanyan Xiyi is the son of Huandu. He imitated the block letters of the Han people, combined with his own language, and created the Jurchen script. In August of the third year of Tianfu, the script was completed, and Aguda ordered it to be promulgated throughout the country. Jurchen big characters".Aguda also paid attention to learning the advanced culture of the Han nationality and reused Han intellectuals.In the second year of Tianfu, an edict was issued that all Han intellectuals who were erudite and talented would be sent to the capital.Aguda also paid attention to collecting various books. In the fifth year of Tianfu, on the eve of Wanyan Gao and others attacking Liaozhongjing, Aguda instructed them that if they conquered Zhongjing, all the rites, music, ceremonial guards, books, and literature they got would be transported to the capital. During Aguda's reign, he also paid attention to the development of production and adopted many measures to develop the economy, which made positive contributions to the development of the Northeast region and the social progress of the Jurchens. In order to protect and develop production, during the anti-Liao war, Aguda strictly prohibited soldiers from plundering; more subsidies were given to those who surrendered from all directions, and their taxes were reduced to achieve the purpose of stabilizing people's hearts and developing production. Aguda also implemented an immigration policy.In the sixth year of Tianfu, after the Jin army captured the states of Shanxi, Aguda ordered some Han and Khitan people to relocate in Shanxi to enrich the interior. Under the supervision of the emperor's younger brother Wanyan Ang, he ordered Yelu Foding to lead the troops to escort the immigrants to Hunhe Road (now Liaoning) Qingyuan East), let them choose their own place of residence. At the same time, Aguda also forced the Jurchens to move out from the interior to farm.In the fifth year of Tianfu, Aguda selected more than 10,000 Jurchens Meng'an Mouke households, and Poluhuo commanded them to station in Taizhou. Aguda also gave Poluhuo 50 cattle. In order to ensure the country's tax revenue and military resources, Aguda also took various measures to limit the development of slavery and strictly forbid turning civilians into slaves.In the second year of taking over the country, Agu issued an imperial edict saying: "In recent years, the grain harvest has not been harvested, and the people are extremely poor. Many people are attached to the wealthy people and become slaves. Some are forced to be slaves because of breaking the law. From now on, you are not allowed to force people into slavery privately. " In August of the seventh year of Tianfu, Aguda died of illness at the age of 56 on his way back to Beijing from Yanjing.After Jin Taizong came to the throne, he respected him as "Emperor Wuyuan" and the temple name "Taizu".The body was buried in Heling Mausoleum, which was later reburied in Dafangshan Ruiling Mausoleum.During the Huangtong period, Jin Xizong added his posthumous posthumous title to "Emperor Wuyuan, Yinggan Xingyun Zhaode Dinggong Ruishen Zhuang Xiaorenming Great Sage".