Chapter 284 Chapter 283 Lizong Zhao Yun

Song Lizong, named Yun, was originally named Yuju, and was later bestowed with honor and sincerity.He is the tenth grandson of Taizu, his father is Shanyin Weixi Wang Lu, and he is later named Rongwang, and his mother is Quanshi.Born in the first year of Kaixi (AD 1205) and died in the fifth year of Jingding (AD 1264).60 years old.Reigned from 1224 to 1264 AD. In the 17th year of Jiading (1224 A.D.) in the eighth month, Emperor Ningzong Zhao Kuo, who had ruled the Southern Song Dynasty for 30 years, suddenly fell ill, and a complicated struggle was launched in the court around the issue of succession.

Ningzong had no children all his life.In the fourth year of Qingyuan, Prime Minister Jing Tong saw that none of Ningzong's six palaces had children, so he asked to follow Gaozong's old rules and choose the clan as his adopted son.In the first year of Jiading, King Rong was established as the crown prince.Unexpectedly, in the thirteenth year of Jiading, the 29-year-old crown prince fell ill and died early, so Ningzong had to choose another crown prince.At this time, Ningzong was 53 years old, and he issued an edict to select the best among the children of the clan.As a result, Guihe was selected as the heir of the emperor, named King Yi, raised in the palace, and renamed Hong.He also selected Guicheng as Zhao Mian's successor.

Prince Zhao Mian has been dissatisfied with Shi Miyuan for a long time.Shi Miyuan was originally a treacherous villain, but relying on Empress Yang's connections, he managed to rise to the top and was promoted by leaps and bounds. Three years after Kaixi, Han Tuozhou was killed, and Empress Yang publicly interfered in the government. Many ministers came from Shi Miyuan's disciples.The prince hated Empress Yang and Shi Miyuan deeply.He once told people that Shi Miyuan should be dispatched eight thousand miles away.Shi Miyuan sent many treasures to the prince on the day of Qiqiao Festival on July 7th, but the prince was drunk and threw all these treasures to the ground.Knowing this, Shi Miyuan was terrified and determined to abolish Zhao Mian and replace him with Guicheng.

In order to cultivate your sincerity, Shi Miyuan specially invited Zheng Qingzhi, a professor of Guozixue, to concurrently serve as a professor of Yiwangfuxue.Guicheng read and practiced prose every day under the guidance of Zheng Qingzhi, and recited Gaozong Yushu specially bought.Every time Zheng Qingzhi paid a visit to Shi Miyuan, he would show his sincere poems and essays, full of praise.In the eighth month of the 17th year of Jiading, Ning Zong died suddenly at the age of 57.When he was dying, Shi Miyuan falsely summoned Guicheng into the palace and asked Zheng Qingzhi to tell him that he was going to make him the crown prince.Guicheng understands that he has no legal right to inherit, so he keeps silent.Regardless of whether Guicheng agreed or not, Shi Miyuan immediately announced that Guicheng was the prince, changed his name to Yun, and made him Cheng Guogong.Everything is done in secret.Not only did the prince know nothing about it, even Queen Yang didn't get the news. Five days later, Ningzong had just passed away, and Shi Miyuan persuaded Queen Yang to agree.Empress Yang wanted to summon Zhao Yun for her own benefit.

Zhao Yun was summoned and hurried into the palace. Empress Yang stroked his back and said, "You are my son now." Shi Miyuan led Zhao Yun to salute before Ning Zongling, and then called Zhao Mian.He was waiting anxiously at home, when he heard the call, he hurried into the palace.All the attendants were turned away, Zhao Mian thought it was just the rules in the palace, so he didn't mind.When he arrived in the palace, Shi Miyuan led him to pay respects in front of Ningzong's coffin, then took him out of the curtain, and ordered Xia Zhen, the commander-in-chief of the palace, to closely monitor him, and then called all the officials to the court to listen to the order.Xia Zhen led Zhao Mian, and was still standing where he used to stand in the court. Zhao Mian was stunned: "Today is the day when the new emperor ascends the throne, how can I still stand in the position of a minister?" Xia Zhen coaxed him and said: " Before reading the legacy, you should still stand here, and after reading the legacy, you should be allowed to take the throne." Zhao Mian thought about it carefully, and felt that it was not unreasonable, so he stopped insisting.After a while, I saw someone sitting on the throne in the shadow of the candle, and it turned out that Zhao Yun had already ascended the throne.After reading the relics, the ceremonial officer shouted loudly, and all the officials paid homage.Knowing that he had been betrayed, Zhao Mian was aggrieved and refused to bow down.Xia Zhen pressed his head and forced him to bow down.Then the will was read out, with Hong as the Kaifu Yitong Sansi, named the king of Jiyang County; respected Empress Yang as the empress dowager, and listened to the government with the new king under the curtain.

When Lizong came to the throne, Shi Miyuan also served as his prime minister, and he was in charge of the government for another 9 years.Lizong was both grateful and afraid of Shi Miyuan.From the very beginning when he came to power, he worshiped the right prime minister and privy envoy as grand master, and was granted the title of Wei Guogong. His gratitude to Dade is self-evident.It's just that Shi Miyuan repeatedly declined 6 times because he thought the tree would attract the wind, but he didn't accept the order. In the first year of Baoqing (1225 A.D.), Shi Miyuan forced the king of Ji to death, Zhao Mian, and persuaded Lizong to pursue his prince, and was conferred the title of county magistrate.Wei Lioweng, the living man, and Zhen Dexiu, the servant of the Ministry of Rites, wrote letters to plead for the grievance of King Ji.Shi Miyuan was extremely annoyed, so he instigated Liang Chengda, Li Zhixiao, and Mo Ze to impeach Zhen and Wei.Liang, Li, and Mo are known as the "Three Evils", all of them are extremely vicious, especially Liang Chengda.In the summer of the first year of Baoqing, Empress Dowager Yang withdrew the curtain and returned to power, and the state affairs were handed over to Lizong.The three murderers wrote letters one after another, impeaching Zhendexiu and Wei Liaoweng, saying that they had selfishness with King Ji, that they were friends with each other, and endangered the country.Lizong understood that Shi Miyuan was the envoy, so he had to dismiss them both.Shi Miyuan appointed three murderers, and all the ministers who disagreed with him were attacked and resigned one after another. He firmly controlled the power of the court.

It was not until October of the sixth year of Shaoding (1233 A.D.) that Shi Miyuan died of illness that Song Lizong began to formally take charge of the government.Less than half a month after Shi Miyuan's death, he issued an edict announcing that the next year would be changed to the first year of Duanping to show the change of the Yuan.Lizong took care of all kinds of government affairs in person, and his teacher, Prime Minister You and Privy Envoy Zheng Qingzhi also took the world as his own responsibility. It seemed that the monarch and his ministers were going to do something. Officials who were dissatisfied with Shi Miyuan stepped forward to criticize those who attached to Shi Miyuan and acted evil without scruple.Liang Chengda was dismissed by Lizong on the charge of "corruption and harm". Li Zhixiao and Liang Chengda were also demoted and demoted under the impeachment of court officials.Xue Ji, Hu Ju, Nie Zishu, and Zhao Rushu, each with a tree on their names, known as "Simu", were all Shi Miyuan's best friends and were expelled from the court.The situation of Shi's dictatorship is over.

When the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty was in decline, the Mongolian people in the north were thriving. The Jin Dynasty, which ruled it originally, was under its violent impact. In the fourth year of Shaoding (AD 1231), the Mongolian army, under the personal command of the Great Khan Wo Kuotai, invaded Henan in three ways, and annihilated the main force of the Jin army at Sanfeng Mountain in Junzhou (now Yu County, Henan).The following year, Bianjing, the capital of the Jin Dynasty, was surrounded.Jin Aizong first fled to Guide (now Shangqiu, Henan), and then fled to Caizhou (now Runan, Henan).Marshal Cui Li, who guarded Bianjing in the Jin Dynasty, killed other ministers and surrendered to the Mongolian army.

When the Mongolian army surrounded Bianjing, they sent envoys to negotiate with the Southern Song Dynasty to attack the Jin Dynasty, and promised to return the land in Henan occupied by the Jin Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty after the Jin Dynasty was destroyed.Song Lizong and most of the courtiers felt that this was a god-given opportunity, so they sent an envoy to Mongolia and agreed to attack the Jin Dynasty. In August of the sixth year of Shaoding, Mongolia sent envoys to Xiangyang to attack Caizhou.In October of this year, according to the agreement, Lizong ordered Meng Gong and Jiang Hai to lead 20,000 troops and transport 300,000 shi of rice to support the Mongolian army that was blocked from attacking Caizhou.The two armies joined together and besieged Caizhou. After a few months, the food and grass in the city were cut off.In the first month of the first year of Duanping (1234 A.D.), Meng Gong led the Song army to attack Caizhou City first, and the Mongolian and Song allied forces swarmed in. Jin Aizong hanged himself in despair, and the Jin Dynasty perished.

After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, Mongolia's promises were not fully fulfilled.Divided the originally promised Henan land into two, and only returned half of the south of Chenzhou and Caizhou in the Song Dynasty.The armies of both sides withdrew to their respective territories. In April, Jiangxi Anshi Shi Songzhi sent people to send the remains of Emperor Aizong of Jin and the Imperial Seal of the Jin Dynasty to the capital.For this reason, Song Lizong held a grand ceremony in the Taimiao to comfort the ancestors and ancestors under Jiuquan. He also took advantage of the excitement to give Meng Gong and Jiang Hai who had made great contributions to the destruction of gold.When everyone was drunk, only Hong Zikui, the supervisory censor, reminded Li Zong: "The current situation is that the enemy is a neighbor. It is really like embracing a tiger and resting on a dragon. Things are unpredictable. The demise of the Jin Dynasty is just because of people. How can it be worth celebrating!" Lizong couldn't listen to it, but he was still very happy, his words were arrogant, and his actions were irritable.

Lizong's emotions infected the courtiers. The minister Zhao Fan and his younger brother Zhao Kui, who had been opposed to the Mongolian extermination of gold, suddenly proposed to take advantage of the retreat of the main force of the Mongolian army to send troops to recover the three capitals (referring to Luoyang in Xijing, Kaifeng in Tokyo, and Kaifeng in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty). Nanjing Yingtianfu), occupying the Yellow River and Tongguan.This suggestion was strongly supported by Prime Minister Zheng Qingzhi, and it also touched Lizong's heart. The laurel crown of "Lord of Zhongxing" tempted him, and he immediately ordered Zhao Fan to move the commander's mansion to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei), ready to send troops.Lizong disregarded the warnings issued by some courtiers based on the historical lessons of the Northern Song Dynasty's alliance with the Jin Dynasty to destroy the Liao Dynasty. , from Sizhou to Biantong Quanzi will be a teacher.At this time, Li Boyuan and others, the general of the Jin Dynasty in Bianjing, were dissatisfied with Cui Li, who had surrendered to Meng from Xiancheng, and contacted Quan Zicai to kill Cui Li to meet the Song soldiers. Quan Zicai won without a fight and occupied Bianjing.Zhao Kui arrived later, regardless of the fact that the food and grass had not been collected, he repeatedly urged Quan Zicai to enter Luoyang and occupy Tongguan, so Quan Zicai had to order his troops to march towards Luoyang.In July, 200 people from the vanguard of the Southern Song Dynasty arrived at the city, but there was no movement in the city.At night, more than 300 civilians boarded the city wall to declare their surrender, and the Song army occupied the undefended city.This is the "Duanping Entering Luo" in the history of the Song Dynasty. When Mongolia learned of the war in the Southern Song Dynasty, it immediately sent troops south. "Duanping Entering Luo" was originally a military speculation of Lizong's monarchs and ministers, and there was no serious preparation in advance. The soldiers' grain bags were empty the day after the forward arrived in Luoyang, and the follow-up troops were ambushed by the Mongolian army on the way to Luoyang. Hastily responded to the battle and suffered a disastrous defeat.In August, the Mongol soldiers entered the city of Luoyang and fought hard against the Song army defending the city.A few days later, the Song army ran out of food and had to kill their horses to satisfy their hunger. The general had to order the withdrawal of troops.In Bianjing, the prefectures and counties occupied by Quan Zicai and Zhao Kui had already been looted by Mongolian soldiers, and the army had no food to eat.The Mongolian army decided to flood the Song army with the water of the Yellow River, and the Song army drowned countless people. "Duanping into Luo" ended with the defeat of the Song army. The war failed, and Lizong's dream of recovering Sanjing came to naught.In December, the Mongolian Great Khan Wo Kuotai sent an envoy angrily to accuse Lizong of not keeping his faith and taking the lead in losing the alliance.Lizong was very embarrassed and sent his minister Zou Shenzhi to apologize.In order to show his sincerity, he also issued an edict to dismiss Zhao Kui and Quan Zicai.In June of the second year of Duanping, the Mongolian Great Khan Wokuotai split his troops and invaded the Song Dynasty on a large scale. The Mongolia-Song War that lasted for 40 years kicked off. The large-scale offensive launched by Wokuotai Khan from the second year of Duanping was mainly aimed at looting wealth, and had no plan to eliminate the Southern Song Dynasty.Lizong also wanted to seek peace with Mongolia by means of negotiating peace with Jin, and sent "Mongolian Tonghao envoys" to negotiate with the Mongolian army.In the first year of Chunyou (AD 1241), the Mongolian Great Khan Wo Kuotai died of illness, the peace negotiations between Mongolia and Song Dynasty came to a halt, and the war temporarily came to an end. In the eleventh year of Chunyou (1251 A.D.), Mengge took the throne of Khan, and all edicts were drafted by himself, revised repeatedly, and then issued, so the power was unified and the territory was ruled.The interior is stable, and there is no need to worry about the future, so he actively prepares to destroy the Song Dynasty. Meng Ge's younger brother Kublai Khan had long been ordered to open a government office in Jinlianchuan to unify the area south of the desert.Recruit talents and actively implement the strategy of destroying the Southern Song Dynasty.He first sent his general Chahan and others to garrison Xiang, Deng and Shukou areas to spy on Huai and Shu.In the first year of Baoyou (AD 1253), Kublai Khan sent Wulianghatai to lead an expedition to Yunnan to encircle the Southern Song Dynasty. The Mongolian army was staring at them, but Lizong was still drunk and dreaming of death.He has been on the throne for nearly 30 years. He is in his sixtieth year, and most of the courtiers do not agree with him. There is a lack of talents around him, and no one can share his worries and work for him. In the harem, Concubine Yan Gui received great favor.The servant Dong Songchen was strongly recommended to Lizong by Concubine Yan for his meritorious service in introducing Concubine Yan.In the third year of Baoyou (1255 A.D.), Lizong appointed him to supervise the construction of Yousheng Temple. Dong Songchen took the opportunity to cater to Lizong, built Meitang, Furong Pavilion, and Xianglan Pavilion, recruited power and bribed him, and did all kinds of crimes. A troupe of entertainers was led into the palace, which made Li Zong only know how to play. With the support of Concubine Yan, the eunuchs Dong Songchen and Lu Yunsheng became more and more powerful. When any official from Yushitai wrote a letter to impeach them, Lizong ordered him to be dismissed. Over time, this decree became fixed. The title is called "Jie Tie".They also colluded internally and externally, and the villains from the external court flattered and flattered them, so they were reused.Ding Daquan colluded with Dong and Lu and bribed Yan Guifei, and gradually became a celebrity in Lizong's eyes. Ding Daquan is from Zhenjiang, he is wretched, and he is good at making tricks.He was originally the son-in-law of a maidservant of a noble relative's family. He got an official position by bribing noble relatives, and because of bribing Concubine Yan, he was favored by Lizong. Li Zongchong appointed Dong Songchen and Ding Daquan, and the power fell, and the government was in chaos.At this time, Mongolia was ready and launched a war against Song Dynasty again. In February of the sixth year of Baoyou, Mengge Khan sent his prince Ali Buge to stay in Helin, led an army to attack Shu himself, and sent his brother Kublai Khan to attack Ezhou. Wuliang Hatai in Yunnan was also ordered to rush to Ezhou to fight against Kublai. Strong meeting. The Mongolian army attacked aggressively, but Ding Daquan beside Lizong was actively seeking to win the position.In April, Ding Daquan got his wish, and Lizong appointed him Prime Minister You and Privy Envoy. Li Zong sometimes heard about the critical border defense, but when asked about the military situation, Ding Daquan coaxed that the three sides were prepared and there was no need to worry.The war continued to worsen. The southern line of Wulianghatai Road, towards Kejie, arrived in Tanzhou, Hunan (now Changsha) in the first month of the first year of Kaiqing (AD 1259).Although Yu Jie, a famous general in Sichuan, had a good record in governing Shu, but due to the ineffective supervision of the imperial court, the Mongolian army was still able to advance step by step, and parts of western Sichuan, northern Sichuan and eastern Sichuan fell one after another. Although the heart of the Southern Song Dynasty was rotten and sick, under the hard work of the border guards, the Southern Song Dynasty also achieved some victories occasionally.The lives of the soldiers prevented Mongolia's iron hoof from going south, allowing Lizong, who was supposed to be the king of subjugation, to escape. In February of the first year of Kaiqing, the Mongolian army arrived in Hezhou. Wang Jian, the guard of Hezhou, was originally a subordinate of Yu Jie. Meng Ge sent Jin Guobao to Diaoyu City to persuade him to surrender. Wang Jian took Jin Guobao to the training ground and beheaded him for public display.Persuading the surrender failed, Meng Ge personally led an army to attack Diaoyu City, and the two armies fought a big battle.During February and March, the Mongolian army continuously attacked the castles around Diaoyu City, but they were all repelled by the Song army.In April, the Mongolian army once attacked the outer city, but Wang Jian led the army to defend to death, and sent troops to attack the Mongolian army camp, smashing the Mongolian army's attack again.The Mongolian army launched a fierce attack on Diaoyu City in July, but Diaoyu City remained motionless. Instead, Mengge Khan was hit by artillery stones and died in the army after returning to camp.The Mongolian army lost its commander and could no longer fight. The kings and ministers in the army left Sichuan with Mengge's body on a donkey.The defense of Hezhou, which lasted for half a year, achieved a great victory.After Mengge Khan's death, Mongolia was busy fighting for the position of Khan, and the war against Song Dynasty could no longer be fought. Kublai Khan's army attacking Ezhou was originally charged with the mission of going straight to Hangzhou. When the news of Mengge Khan's death came, Kublai Khan had not captured Ezhou.His subordinates advised him to return to the north as soon as possible. He said: "I was ordered to come south, how can I return without success!" He ordered to continue marching.In September of the first year of Kaiqing (AD 1259), he crossed the Yangtze River and surrounded Ezhou.At that time, everyone in Lin'an knew that the Mongolian army was approaching, but Lizong was kept in the dark.Ding Daquan saw that he couldn't hide it, so he had to declare the military situation to Lizong and asked to retire.When Lizong learned the truth, he didn't blame him too much. He just dismissed him and changed him to be a scholar of Guanwendian and the governor of Zhenjiang Prefecture.The speech officials successively impeached Ding Daquan for blocking the way of speech, persecuting talents, exhausting people's resources, and delaying border defense, etc., asking to pursue his official title and exile far away.Lizong could no longer protect him.Had to dismiss him again.In November of the third year of Jingding (1262 A.D.), Lizong exiled him to Xinzhou again.On the way to escort, Jia Sidao, a treacherous minister in power, sent someone to kill him in order to win people's hearts. After Ding Daquan was dismissed, Kublai Khan's offensive was still fierce, and Lizong panicked.The eunuch Dong Songchen asked Li Zong to move the capital to avoid the sharp edge of the Yuan army. Under the persuasion of Prime Minister Wu Qian, Yu Shi Zhu Pisun and Empress Xie, Li Zong did not move the capital to stabilize the people.In the first year of Jingding, Lizong reluctantly moved Dong Songchen out of the palace due to the public opinion of the government and the public.After Dong Songchen left the palace, Lu Yunsheng single-handedly lost his power.In addition, after the death of Concubine Yan Gui, the eunuchs had no support and could no longer interfere in the government affairs.But Lizong was not awakened. During the Jingding period, Jia Sidao, whom he favored, was in power, causing even more disasters, and the government became more and more corrupt. When Jia Sidao was in Lizong, because his sister entered the palace as a noble concubine, Jia Sidao made great progress and was deeply favored by Lizong.The power was handed over to Jia Sidao, so Lizong enjoyed himself with peace of mind.Since Jingding, age has gradually become unforgiving, but the number of concubines sleeping in the harem has not decreased.There is a need for entertainment in the palace, so it is rare for the government to intervene. Lizong resigned from the government, but the treacherous minister Jia Sidao was pushing the country to destruction step by step. The war against Mongolia made Lizong's life more and more difficult.Due to the defeat in the war, most of Sichuan has been occupied, and one-third of the government's fiscal revenue and military rations have not been obtained. Dongchuan, which is still in the hands of the Southern Song Dynasty, still depends on the supply of military rations from the Jinghu area.The land in the southeastern region is concentrated in the hands of the royal family, nobles, foreign relatives, big bureaucrats, and military commanders. These people are powerful and have no relationship with taxation.Lizong could only follow his ancestors' ingenious plan of "harmony purchase method", that is, the government paid for the purchase of grain from the people.The government has no money to buy food, slaps swollen faces to pretend to be fat, and prints a large number of banknotes (Chu coins) to solve the crisis.Paper money was issued indiscriminately, prices were high, and the army was forced to eat their own food. The government of the Southern Song Dynasty under Lizong's rule fell into many crises. In February of the fourth year of Jingding (AD 1263), Liu Lianggui, the magistrate of Lin'an, and Wu Shiqing, the transshipment envoy from western Zhejiang, took the opportunity to flatter Jia Sidao to implement the "law of buying public land".The method is to occupy land quotas according to official regulations, and take one-third of the land exceeding the quotas in Zhejiang, Zhejiang, East and West, etc., to be bought back by the government and leased out as public land.If you buy 10 million mu of land, you can collect six to seven million shi of rice per year in rent, which is more than enough for military rations.In this way, reconciliation can be avoided, the army can be paid, the production of Chu coins can be stopped, prices can be stabilized, rich households can be stabilized, and five benefits can be achieved by doing one thing.Lizong immediately issued an edict to set up an official land office, and Liu Lianggui was responsible for buying the land.Many ministers objected to this, but Lizong ignored it, just because the spring plowing was busy, and he ordered it to be implemented after autumn. Stop and buy, buy public land, and solve the military salary supply, in fact, it also solves the long-standing problem of cheap money and expensive goods.In the early days of Lizong's accession to the throne, more than 300 million coins were issued, and in the sixth year of Chunyou (AD 1246), the number soared to 650 million coins.A total of eighteen circles were issued.It has been set for four years, and 150,000 guan are printed every day.A large number of banknotes were issued, and there was no copper coin as a reserve. The value of the currency was getting lower and lower, and the price of goods was soaring.What's even more frightening is that Chu underestimates the value of goods and directly threatens the lives of soldiers. The "public land law" has troubled the officials and the common people.In September of the fifth year of Jingding (1264 A.D.), Jia Sidao asked to implement the "Jingjie promotion method" to make great efforts to amass money.Li Zong had already become the "Emperor Nuonuo", and Jia Sidao listened to all requests and agreed.The land was re-cleared in various places. As a result, land in the south of the Yangtze River was taxed, and the power of the people was even more exhausted. When Li Zong's monarchs and ministers buried their heads in measuring the country, Kublai Khan, the new Mongolian Khan, had quelled the civil strife.He moved the capital to Yanjing, mobilized horses and soldiers, and prepared to advance to the south of the Yangtze River. The demise of the Song Dynasty was just around the corner. In October of the fifth year of Jingding, Lizong became seriously ill due to excessive indulgence, and the great doctors were helpless, so they had to offer rewards to high officials and generous salaries to recruit famous doctors from all over the country.A few days later, Lizong's condition worsened, but no one answered the call.That month, Lizong died.It was buried in Yongmu Mausoleum, with the posthumous title of "Emperor Li Zong, who made great contributions to building Taoism and prepared virtue, revived martyrs, Wen Renwu, sage Ming Anxiao", and the temple name was "Lizong".