Chapter 39 Chapter 38: Great Emperor Sun Quan

Sun Quan, courtesy name Zhongmou, was born in Fuchun, Wujun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang).His father, Sun Jian, was named Marquis of Wucheng and General Polu at the end of the Han Dynasty; his elder brother, Sun Ce, was conferred by Cao Cao as General of Rebellion and Marquis of Wu. Sun Quan was the second son of Sun Jian. When he was born, he had a big mouth and piercing eyes. Sun Jian was very surprised, thinking that he had a dignitary, and he was very fond of him. Sun Quan traveled to the north and south with his father and brother when he was young, and he was well-informed.He also likes reading very much. He not only read Confucian classics such as "Shangshu", "Book of Rites" and "Zuo Zhuan", but also browsed many books on history and state affairs. At the age of 10, Sun Jian was killed by an arrow for helping Yuan Shu fight for Jingzhou.From then on, Sun Quan lived in the army with his eldest brother Sun Ce and began his life in the military camp.Rich life experience and systematic cultural accomplishment enabled Sun Quan to grow up quickly.

Although Sun Quan was young, he had a cheerful personality, a broad mind, a grand scale, a heroic supporter, benevolent and decisive, so his reputation quickly caught up with his father and brother.When Sun Ce sent troops to Jiangdong, Sun Quan often helped him with advice. Sun Ce was very surprised, thinking that his own resourcefulness could not catch up with his younger brother.Therefore, every time he entertained guests, Sun Ce always said to Sun Quan: "All the advisers and generals here will become your subordinates in the future." Sun Ce saw that Sun Quan was indeed talented, so he appointed him as the county magistrate of Yangxian (now Yixing, Jiangsu).At this time, Sun Quan was only 15 years old.Soon he took up the military post second only to general.

In the fifth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 200), Sun Ce was assassinated by the vengeful Wujun prefect Xu Gongmenke. Before he died, he summoned his important ministers Zhang Zhao and Sun Quan to his bed, and said to Zhang Zhao and others: "Now the world is in chaos. , If you have the people of Wu and Yue, and you have the solidity of the three rivers, you can sit back and watch the success or failure, and then take over the world. Please take good care of my younger brother! If Zhongmou does not make progress, the public can take power for themselves." Sun Ce's The meaning is to use these words to calm the hearts of Zhang Zhao and others, and to stabilize their intention to assist.Ce also granted the official seal to Sun Quan, and said to Sun Quan: "If you talk about leading the people in Jiangdong, charge into battle, and compete with the heroes of the world, you are not as good as me; if you are talking about appointing talents and making everyone work together to keep Jiangdong, I am not as good as you. You should do good for yourself!" That night, Sun Ce died at the age of 26.

When Sun Quan inherited the business of his father and brother, although he already possessed Kuaiji, Danyang, Wujun, Yuzhang, Luling, and Lujiang six counties, these places were newly occupied not long ago, and the people's hearts were not subdued, and the rule was not stable.Soldiers newly lost their commanders, seeing that the successor was young, they were worried.Many Jiangdong heroes and people living in the north also linger and wait and see. Some even want to change their family and vote for a new owner.At this critical moment, Zhou Yu, a well-known scholar from the east of the Yangtze River, led the army from Baqiu, stabilized the morale of the army, persuaded everyone with Zhang Zhao to help the young master, and publicized that Sun Quan had the appearance of an emperor, and they could achieve great things together.As a result, Jiangdong's heart gradually became more peaceful.

Cao Cao, who had already occupied most of the north, had long had the ambition to unify the world. Seeing Sun Ce's new funeral in Jiangdong, his people's hearts were unstable, so he wanted to take the opportunity to attack Wu.Shi Yushi and Sun Ce's former minister Zhang Fu dissuaded him: "Taking advantage of people's death to enter the army is not in line with the ancient principles, and it is suspected of being inhumane. If the conquest is unfavorable, it will turn friends into enemies. It is better to use this opportunity to treat him kindly, Sun I must be grateful to you." Cao Cao obeyed his words, and asked Sun Quan to be the general who seeks captives and the prefect of Kuaiji.

Therefore, Sun Quan exercised his power in a legitimate manner.He treated the old minister Zhang Zhao as a master, and Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Fan and others led the sergeants.At the same time, recruiting celebrities and hiring outstanding people, a group of people who lived in the south of the Yangtze River from the north, such as Lu Su, Zhuge Jin, etc., became Sun Quan's guests and were gradually reused.Then, Sun Quan divided his troops and dispatched generals to conquer those who disobeyed him and consolidate his rule in Jiangdong. At this time, Li Shu, the prefect of Lujiang appointed by Sun Ce, refused to accept Sun Quan's leadership and command, and often recruited and surrendered.Sun Quan wrote to Li Shu, asking him to hand over the traitor.Li Shu replied: "People who are virtuous will naturally submit to him; people who are not virtuous will definitely betray him. I can no longer return these people to you." Sun Quan was furious.He decided to send troops to conquer Li Shu.

Sun Quan guessed that Li Shu was under attack, and he must ask Cao Cao for help, so he first used Li Shu's killing of Yan Xiang, the governor of Yangzhou appointed by Cao Cao, as the reason for sending troops, and wrote to Cao Cao, saying: "Yan governor was used by you in the past, He is the chief of the state. But Li Shu is a vicious person, he despises the court's law, and cruelly kills the state officials. He is inhumane. He should be killed quickly to punish the ugly people. Now I want to attack him and wipe out the lawless people for the court. This is the common justice of the world, and it is something I have been thinking about all night. I am afraid that Li Shu will be attacked and afraid of being killed. I will certainly fabricate the situation and ask you for help. I hope you will order the deacons below not to Listen to Li Shu's one-sided words." In this way, Sun Quan not only created public opinion for himself to send troops, but also blocked Li Shu's way to ask for help.

Then, Sun Quan sent troops to surround Li Shu in Wancheng.Li Shu really asked Cao Cao for help, but Cao Cao refused to send troops to rescue him.Wancheng ran out of ammunition and food, and was finally breached.Sun Quan killed Li Shu, and moved more than 30,000 soldiers of Li Shu's trilogy to other places to get rid of this heinous trouble. Inside the Sun family, there were also attempts to cause chaos.Sun Quan's uncle and elder brother Sun Fu worried that Sun Quan would not be able to keep Jiangdong, so he took advantage of Sun Quan's trip and sent someone to invite Cao Cao with a letter, but he didn't want the person he sent to hand the letter directly to Sun Quan.Sun Quan learned of this and returned quickly.When he came back, he pretended not to know, and called Zhang Zhao to meet Sun Fu together.Sun Quan half-jokingly said: "Brother is happy enough, don't want to live anymore? Why did you call others to come to Jiangdong?" Sun Fu was shocked, but he denied it categorically.Sun Quan showed Zhang Zhao the letter Sun Fu had written to Cao Cao.Zhang Zhao was very angry after seeing it, and then threw it to Sun Fu.Sun Fu was ashamed and didn't say a word, so Sun Quan killed all of Sun Fu's confidantes, distributed his tribal sergeants to the generals, and moved Sun Fu to the east to take care of him.

After suppressing internal and external rebellions, Sun Quan's rule in Jiangdong gradually stabilized. After establishing a firm foothold, further expansion of the territory and expansion of the foundation are put on the agenda.Lu Su analyzed the situation in the world to Sun Quan and said: "The Han Dynasty cannot be revived, and it is difficult for Cao Cao to be wiped out in a short time. For your plan, the only thing you need to do is to stabilize the rear and form a force to watch the changes in the world. Then take advantage of the changeable autumn in the north to wipe out Huang Zu, attack Liu Biao, occupy all the land where the Yangtze River flows, and then he can call him the title of emperor and conquer the world. This is the merit of Han Gaozu!" Sun Quan was very happy when he heard this, and decided to accept Lu Su's opinion.

Most of the Shanyue people in Sun Quan's ruled area live in the dangerous mountains and dangerous areas around Danyang, Yuzhang and Luling.They are the descendants of Baiyue in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In order to escape the rule and exploitation of the Han government, they lived in the mountains and forests and lived in groups by blood.At the end of the Han Dynasty, the heroes separatist regimes, they supported the "Zongshuai" to stand on their own, and formed the "Zongbu" and "Zongwu". The big ones had tens of thousands of households, and the small ones had thousands of households.The Shanyue people are strong and martial, brave in battle, and extremely difficult to defeat.At the beginning of Sun Quan's succession to the throne, he assigned various generals to appease them, but the effect was not great.Sun Quan was restrained by Shanyue, making it difficult to carry out large-scale military operations abroad.Before the foreign conquest, Sun Quan was determined to solve the mountain and Vietnam issue first, so he sent Lu Fan, the general of the recruiter Zhonglang, to lead his troops to pacify Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi), and Cheng Pu, the general of the gangster Zhonglang, to attack Le'an (now Dexing, Jiangxi).He also sent brave generals to guard counties where mountains and mountains live in groups and are difficult to govern. Tai Shici, the captain of Jianchang, led Haihun (now Yongxiu, Jiangxi), Han Dang, the Sima of another department, was the head of Le'an, and Zhou Tai was the head of Yichun (now Luling, Jiangxi). Lu Meng was the head of Guangde (now Guangde, Anhui).These generals sent troops from time to time, captured and beheaded the Zongshuai of Shanyue, forced the Shanyue people to settle down in the mountains, recruited the strong as soldiers, and fought for the government. .After several major suppression operations, Shanyue's resistance temporarily weakened, and Sun Quan's internal affairs further stabilized.

In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208 A.D.), Sun Quan led an army to attack Huang Zu, the prefect of Jiangxia who was located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Seeing that Sun Quan was approaching ferociously, Huang Zu ordered his soldiers to lay two large boats across the river, and then sank them into the bottom of the river with huge ropes tied to boulders. More than a thousand soldiers were stationed on the boats, and they used bows and crossbows to stop Sun Quan's navy from advancing. When the Jiangdong water army arrived there, Huang Zu's water army fired arrows all at once. Ten thousand arrows were fired at once, and no one could move forward.General Dong Xi of Sun Quan's subordinates and Sima Ling of another division each commanded more than a hundred daredevils, each wearing double armor, and rushed to Huang Zu's warship in battleships.Holding a broadsword in his hand, Dong Xi cut off two huge cables in a row, and the Jiangdong navy took advantage of the momentum and rushed forward together.Seeing that the situation was not going well, Huang Zu hurriedly sent the governor Chen to lead the water army to fight.Sun Quan's general Lü Meng led the vanguard and rushed to kill Chen Jiu.Huang Zu's army was defeated, Huang Zu fled, the Jiangdong army chased him down, and took advantage of the victory to occupy Xiakou. After Sun Quan eliminated Huang Zu, he was about to take advantage of the victory to enter Jingzhou. Unexpectedly, Cao Cao had already taken the lead and entered Jingzhou, and the situation changed again. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208), Jingzhou Mu Liu Biao died of illness, and his sons Liu Qi and Liu Cong didn't know what to do.After Lu Su heard about it, he said to Sun Quan: "Jingzhou is adjacent to me. The mountains and mountains are dangerous and solid, the fertile fields are thousands of miles away, and the scholars and people are rich. If you occupy this place, you can become an emperor. Now Liu Biao has died, and the two sons are at odds. The generals in the army, They have different ideas. Liu Bei is a hero in the world. He has always been at odds with Cao Cao. He temporarily attached himself to Liu Biao. Liu Biao was jealous of his ability and dared not reuse it. If Liu Bei and Liu Biao work together, we should appease them and form an alliance with them ;If they cannot reconcile, they should be captured by other means. Please send me to Jingzhou to mourn the funeral, express condolences to Liu Biao's two sons, and persuade Liu Bei to appease Liu Biao's people and fight Cao Cao with one heart and one mind. Liu Bei will definitely agree. If If things are done, the affairs of the world will be easy. If you don’t go quickly, Cao Cao may take the lead.” Sun Quan agreed, and immediately sent Lu Su to Jingzhou. As soon as Lu Su arrived in Xiakou, he heard that Cao Cao had marched to Jingzhou, so he drove to Jingzhou in the starry night.When they arrived in Nanjun, they heard that Liu Cong had surrendered to Cao Cao, so Liu Bei went south.Lu Su stopped Liu Bei at Changbanpo, Dangyang, discussed with him major events in the world, and conveyed Sun Quan's condolences.Lu Su asked Liu Bei: "Where is General Liu going now?" Bei replied: "I have an old relationship with Wu Ju, the prefect of Cangwu, and I plan to join him." A scholar, a hero in the east of the Yangtze River, has followed like a cloud. Now he has occupied the land of six counties, and has enough soldiers and food, which is enough to accomplish great things. For your plan, it is better to send your confidantes to make friends with General Sun and plan great things together. If you go to Wu Ju , Wu Ju is no more than an ordinary person, and he is in a remote place, and he will be annexed by others in the future, so how can he be trusted?" Liu Bei was very happy when he heard this.Lu Su said to Zhuge Liang again: "I am a good friend of your elder brother Zhuge Jin." At that time, Zhuge Jin was Sun Quan's long history and was very trusted.Zhuge Liang's view on the situation was originally the same as that of Lu Su, and he also intended to unite Wu against Cao. After hearing what Lu Su had said, he became friends with Lu Su.Liu Bei accepted Lu Su's suggestion and stopped going south, and ordered his army to station in Fankou, E County, waiting for the opportunity. After Cao Cao accepted the surrender of Liu Cong and others, he traveled eastward from Jiangling.Zhuge Liang said to Liu Bei: "The matter is very critical, please send me to seek help from Sun Quan." Liu Bei agreed, and Liang went to see Sun Quan with Lu Su.Sun Quan was very anxious. When he saw the two men coming, he hurriedly greeted them.Zhuge Liang persuaded Sun Quan: "Now there is great chaos in the sea. General, you raise troops in Jiangdong. My lord Liu Bei gathers scattered troops in Hannan and fights with Cao Cao. Now Cao Cao has calmed down the civil strife and has broken Jingzhou. He is powerful all over the world. There are no heroes in the Central Plains. The land of Wu, so General Liu fled here. General Sun please do what you can: If you think that the army of Wu and Yue can compete with Cao Cao's army in the Central Plains, it is better to break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible; if you feel that the strength is not enough, why don't you die Bending knees to serve Cao Cao? Now the general has the name of obedience but he is hesitant in his heart. I am afraid that he is not far from disaster." Sun Quan said unhappily, "If it is like what you said, why didn't Liu Bei surrender to Cao Cao? Seeing that Sun Quan was angry, Zhuge Liang knew that the method of provoking generals had worked, so he teased Sun Quan further, saying, "Tian Heng was just a strong man in the early Han Dynasty. , The talents are overwhelming, and the people admire them like a hundred rivers returning to the sea. If things don’t work out, it’s God’s will, how can you humble yourself and serve others?” After hearing this, Sun Quan said angrily: “I am the master of one side, let alone the three Wus. The land and 100,000 people are controlled by others! My ambition is set, and I will compete with Cao Cao! At present, no one can resist Cao Cao except General Liu, but General Liu is newly defeated. Can he still take on this mission? Seeing that Sun Quan was moved, Zhuge Liang dispelled his worries and said, "Although General Liu suffered a defeat at Changbanpo, there are still more than 10,000 elite Yushui troops and soldiers who have returned to the army one after another. Above, under the command of General Liu. Cao Cao's people came from a long distance and were exhausted. This is exactly what the ancients said, "the end of a crossbow can't penetrate Lu Jin." They are not good at water warfare, and they are not good at boats. In addition, the people of Jingzhou surrendered to Cao Cao because of the force of the army. Work together with General Liu to defeat Cao Cao's army. If Cao Cao is defeated, he must return to the north. In this way, Jingzhou and the Three Wus will be strong, and a tripartite situation will be formed. The chance of success or failure lies in today. General, please make a quick decision !” After hearing this, Sun Quan agreed very much, and discussed and planned with the group of officials. It so happened that Cao Cao sent someone to send a letter at this time.The letter said: "Recently, I was ordered by the Son of Heaven to crusade against criminals. As soon as I swung my spear to the south, Liu Cong surrendered. I am now rectifying an army of 800,000 land and water troops, and I want to compete with General Sun in Jiangnan." The meaning of threat, beyond words.Sun Quan passed the letter to the officials, and most of the officials were panic-stricken. Zhang Zhao and others said: "Cao Cao is a man of tigers and wolves. He coerces the emperor to conquer the four directions, and he often takes the order of the court as his excuse. If we reject him today, it will be unreasonable." Shun. Besides, the reason why we dared to resist Cao Cao is to rely on the Yangtze River. Now Cao Cao has captured Jingzhou and occupied its territory. He has taken thousands of water ships and warships under Liu Biao's rule. Cao Cao has put them all into the river and is ready to go down the river. Furthermore, there are a huge number of infantry, advancing both land and water. Isn't the danger of the Yangtze River shared with us? As for the disparity in strength, there is no need to talk about it. Therefore, in my opinion, it is better to surrender to Cao Cao for the time being. .” All the ministers talked about it, and they all thought what Zhang Zhao said was true.Only Lu Su remained silent.Sun Quan really couldn't give up.After a while, Sun Quan got up and went to the toilet. Lu Su chased Sun Quan out of the window. Quan knew what he meant, took Lu Su's hand, and asked, "What does Ai Qing want to say?" After thinking about it, the opinions of the people are all to confuse the general, and it is not enough to make a big deal. Now I can surrender to Cao Cao, but you cannot. Why do you say this? If I surrender, Cao Cao will probably send me back to my hometown. After returning to my hometown, According to my talents, I can also be an official like Cao Cao. I can ride in a Chinese chariot, lead officials and soldiers, make friends with scholars, and court officials. Surrender Cao, how will Cao Cao arrange for you? Please think twice! I hope the general will make a plan early and don't listen to the opinions of the people." Sun Quan held Lu Su's hand and sighed: "Oh, the opinions of the people really disappointed me! Now Aiqing has planned a big plan for me, which is very suitable for me." At that time, Lu Su advised Sun Quan to call Zhou Yu back from Poyang to discuss.Zhou Yu, whose style name is Gongjin, is elegant and elegant, with outstanding appearance. People in Soochow all call him Zhou Lang.Yu is magnificent and has great plans, and his civil and military strategy is the highest among the ministers of Eastern Wu. Even Cheng Pu, a veteran, admired him. He would say to everyone, "Being friends with Zhou Gongjin is like drinking fine wine. You don't feel drunk. "Jiangdong Qiaogong has two daughters, both of whom are beautiful and beautiful.Sun Ce married Da Qiao himself, and Zhou Yu married Xiao Qiao, so Zhou Yu and the Sun brothers were related by marriage.After Sun Ce's death, Sun Quan relied heavily on Zhou Yu and treated him like an elder brother.After recalling Zhou Yu, Sun Quan summoned a group of ministers to discuss the big plan. Zhou Yu said: "Although Cao Cao is called the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, he is actually a traitor. General, you are a hero and a hero. Here, the soldiers and generals should run rampant in the world and clean up the filth for the Han Dynasty. Now that Cao Cao has come to die, why should he surrender? I will analyze the current situation for the general: the north is not peaceful now, Ma Chao, Han Sui and others are still there Guanxi is the hidden danger behind Cao Cao. Cao Cao abandoned his chariots and horses and relied on boats and boats to compete with us. Wouldn’t it be a waste of strengths and weaknesses? It is currently very cold, the horses have no fodder, and the soldiers of the Central Plains are trekking in the rivers and lakes. In between, dissatisfaction with the environment, fatigue, and inevitable illness are all taboos for soldiers, but Cao Cao dared to do it rashly. The general captured Cao Cao today! If you give me tens of thousands of elite soldiers and go to Xiakou to meet the enemy, Guaranteed to win for you!" Sun Quan said: "Cao Cao, an old thief, has long wanted to usurp Han and stand on his own feet, but he is afraid of Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu brothers, Lu Bu, Liu Biao and me. Now Shuxiong is gone, only I am still alive Contend against him. I am incompatible with the old thief Cao Cao! Gongjin thinks that we should resist, which is exactly what I want. This is God entrusting you to me!" After finishing speaking, Sun Quan opened his eyes wide, drew out his saber, and said "whoosh" He cut off the corner of the case in front and shouted loudly: "Whoever wants to say surrender to Cao Cao, just like this case!" That night, Sun Quan wandered back and forth indoors, either bowing his head in thought, or raising his head and sighing.Although he was determined to fight Cao Cao, he was always worried that his troops would be too small to win.Just as he was about to send someone to summon Zhou Yu for discussion, it happened that Zhou Yu pushed the door open and entered.It turned out that Zhou Yu expected that Sun Quan must have doubts, so he came here to reassure him.Zhou Yu said to Sun Quan: "When everyone saw Cao Cao's letter saying that he had 800,000 land and water troops, they panicked and stopped thinking about whether it was true. In fact, according to the facts, Cao Cao's army in the Central Plains was only 150,000 to 60,000. , and already exhausted; surrendering Liu Cong, Liu Biao's army was only 70,000 to 80,000, and they were all suspicious, and they would not fight hard. With exhausted soldiers, the governor leads suspicious people, no matter how large the number is, it is not worth fearing .If I have 50,000 elite soldiers, it will be enough to subdue Cao Cao. Please don’t worry, general!” Sun Quan stroked Zhou Yu’s back and sighed, “What Gong Jin said fits my heart. Zhang Zhao and others have selfish intentions. I am deeply disappointed, but you and Lu Zijing are of the same heart with me. This is the heaven's support for me with the second minister. It is difficult to mobilize 50,000 soldiers for a while. I have selected 30,000 people. The battle equipment and armaments are ready. You, Lu Zijing, Cheng Pu and other generals will be in the front line. I will continue to send reinforcements and send more food and equipment as your backup. If you can win the decisive victory, you can win the decisive victory; if you are unfavorable , Come back to me, and I will fight Cao Cao." So Sun Quan formally appointed Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu as the left and right governors, and led the army to join Liu Bei in defending Cao's army.He also took Lu Su as the lieutenant of the Zan Army to help Yu and Pu plan strategies. Zhou Yu and others led their troops forward and met Cao Jun at Chibi.At that time, Cao Cao's soldiers and horses were already suffering from disease.In the battle on the first day of the lunar new year, Cao Cao's army lost a little, so Cao Cao stationed in Jiangbei, Zhou Yu and others stationed on the south bank, and the two armies faced each other across the river.Zhou Yu suffered from having no plan to defeat Cao.General Huang Gai of the Yu Department offered advice: "Now the enemy is outnumbered and we are outnumbered. It is difficult to last long. Cao Jun has connected the warships together because he does not practice boats. This is inconvenient for us to move, which is good for us to attack with fire." After obtaining Zhou Yu's consent, Huang Gai first sent someone to send a letter to Cao Cao, pretending that he wanted to surrender Cao Cao, and set a date for surrender.Huang Gai and others prepared ten warships, which were filled with dry firewood, reeds, grease and other flammable materials. They were covered with curtains and banners, and the boats were tied to the stern.On the day of the appointment, there happened to be a strong wind blowing from the southeast. Huang Gai and others led the army to board the boat that started the fire, and the rest of the warships followed.Cao Cao's generals all went out of the camp and boarded the ship to watch, pointing fingers, saying that the Soochow war generals were about to surrender.When they were about two miles away from Cao Jun's ship, Huang Gai ordered the sergeant to light the fire and retreat to the small boat. The fire boat took advantage of the wind and shot straight at the north bank like an arrow.Cao Jun's ships were already connected together, so it was inconvenient to move and he was defenseless, so he had to watch helplessly as the fire burned down the warships and spread to the camp on the shore.At that time, the fire fought against the wind, and the wind assisted the fire. After a while, the smoke filled the air and the flames soared into the sky. The fire almost burned all the camps of Cao Ying.Seeing this situation, Cao Jun fled for his life one after another, and countless people were burned to death and drowned.Zhou Yu and others led an elite army to follow closely behind, beating drums and shouting, and the sound of killing shook the sky.Cao Cao and others lost their souls, and hurriedly led the remnants of the defeated generals to escape from Huarong Road.The road was rough and muddy just after the rain, so Cao Cao had to order the sick and weak infantry to lay grass on the ground for the cavalry to pass.For a time, many soldiers were trampled to death and trapped in the mud.Zhou Yu, Liu Bei and others led the army to advance by land and water, chasing and annihilating them.More than half of Cao's army died of starvation, disease and war, Cao Cao left Cao Ren and Xu Chao to guard Jiangling and Xiangyang, leading the defeated army back to the north.This is the famous Battle of Chibi in history. After the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu and others led the army to capture Jiangling and control a large area of ​​land south of Jiangling after more than a year of fighting.In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210 A.D.), Bu Zhi was appointed as the governor of Jiaozhou.Bu Zhi led 1,000 soldiers to the south and killed Wu Ju, the prefect of Cangwu who refused to surrender, and the power of Soochow extended to Jiaozhou (now Guangzhou). Sun Quan moved the capital westward from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) to Ziling, built a stone city, and renamed it Jianye (now Nanjing City).At the same time, he set up Jiashuiwu at Ruxukou leading to Chaohu Lake to control the waterway leading to the Yangtze River to prevent Cao Cao from going south. In the spring of the eighteenth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 213), Cao Cao led an army to attack Ruxukou.Cao's army claimed 400,000, and it was so powerful that it broke through Sun Quan's camp in the southwest of the Yangtze River, and captured Gongsun Yang, the governor of the Eastern Wu Dynasty.Sun Quan led 70,000 troops to fight.Cao Jun made a kind of oil tanker.Made of cowhide and painted outside, it is extremely light.At night, Cao Cao sent some soldiers to take an oil tanker and cross to a sandbar, preparing for a sneak attack.When Sun Quan found out, he immediately sent water troops to surround Cao Jun, and captured 3,000 people, and thousands of people drowned.Cao Cao suffered a loss, so he stood firm and refused to fight. Sun Quan sent people to challenge him several times, but Cao Jun refused. Sun Quan decided to go and observe in person.He led the army and took a fast boat to the vicinity of Cao Jun's camp.General Cao Jun thought it was a challenger and was ready to attack.Cao Cao said: "Sun Quan must have come to observe the movement." He ordered the army to be on strict alert, and no bows and arrows should be fired randomly.After Sun Quan traveled five or six miles, he turned the bow of the boat and returned, playing drum music.Cao Cao saw that Sun Quan was so courageous, leading the warships with clear banners and well-equipped weapons, he sighed, "If you have a son, you should be like Sun Zhongmou. If you are like Liu Biao's son, you will be like a pig or a dog." A few days later, Sun Quan went to Caoying Shuiying to take a boat to observe.Cao Jun fired all bows and arrows, and one side of Sun Quan's big boat was full of arrows, which made it lose its stability, and the boat gradually tilted, almost capsizing.Sun Quan hurriedly ordered the boat to be turned around so that the other side could receive the arrows.After both sides were full of arrows and the hull gradually stabilized, Sun Quan gave the order to retreat. The two sides held each other for more than a month, and Cao Jun did not have the upper hand. Although Cao Cao wanted to retreat, he hesitated.At this time, the spring rains continued and it was inconvenient to fight. Sun Quan wrote to Cao Cao, saying: "Spring water is born, and the public should go quickly." He also wrote: "You don't die, I am restless." "Sun Quan didn't bully me, he spoke the truth." He took the opportunity to retreat and return north. In August of the 20th year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 215), Sun Quan mobilized 100,000 troops to besiege Hefei when Cao Cao set out to attack Zhanglu.This time, Sun Quan suffered a big loss.Cao's defenders Zhang Liao, Li Dian, and Le Jin all had unstoppable courage. Although there were only 7,000 defenders, they were not afraid of danger.Taking advantage of the new arrival of Sun Quan's army, Zhang Liao and Li Dian recruited 800 daredevils overnight, slaughtered cattle and sheep, and rewarded them with a meal.As soon as it was light on the next day, Zhang Liao put on armor and held a halberd, and led a death squad into Sun Quan's formation.Zhang Liao took the lead and charged into battle, beheading two generals of Sun Quan and dozens of soldiers, and took advantage of the momentum to rush to the vicinity of Sun Quan's tent.Sun Quan panicked and fled to Gaogang, where the generals surrounded him with long halberds.Zhang Liao announced his name and called Sun Quan to come down to fight.Sun Quan was overwhelmed by Zhang Liao's momentum and did not dare to come down.Later, Sun Quan saw that Zhang Liao's army was weak, so he mobilized troops to surround Zhang Liao and others.Without fear, Zhang Liao led dozens of people to break out of the siege. Seeing that there were still many people in the siege, he re-entered the formation, rescued the generals, and broke through together.Sun Quan's army is about to lose its soul, and no one dares to stop it.From the beginning of the day to the middle of the day, Wu Jun's spirit was greatly reduced. Sun Quan besieged Hefei for more than 10 days and failed to win, so he withdrew his troops and returned south.Zhang Liao and others saw the Wu army retreating, and immediately led their troops in pursuit.Sun Quan withdrew to a river, but found that there was no bridge slab for more than 1 zhang on the bridge. It turned out that Zhang Liao had sent someone to remove the bridge slab. Gu Li whipped his whip violently behind the horse, the horse was in pain, and with a long hiss, jumped over the broken bridge, Quan was able to escape.When Zhang Liao saw that some people had crossed the bridge, he asked Wu's troops to surrender, and the surrendered soldiers replied, "It's General Sun." Sun Quan entered the big ship and drank to calm down. General He Qi wept and said: "General is the most respected person, you should be cautious. Today's incident almost failed, and our ministers were terrified, as if they lost heaven and earth. May you take this as a lifelong commandment!" Sun Quan stepped forward to wipe away his tears and said, "Shame! Shame! I have engraved it in my heart, and I will never forget this matter." Since then, Sun Quan and Cao Cao have fought several times, and both sides have won or lost.Later, due to the sharp conflict between Sun Quan and Liu Bei over Jingzhou, Sun Quan asked Cao Cao for peace in the spring of the 22nd year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 217) in order to avoid being attacked on both sides.Cao Cao also knew that it was difficult to defeat Sun Quan, so he agreed to form an alliance between the two sides to repair it.After that, Sun Quan turned his energy to Jingzhou. Jingzhou is rich and crowded, and the north-south passage is short, so its location is important.Seizing Jingzhou is Sun Quan's established national policy.After the Battle of Chibi, Sun Quan benefited very little. In order to jointly resist Cao Cao, he had to reluctantly borrow the counties of Jingzhou to Liu Bei.Quan once sent envoys to sue Liu Bei, seeking to take Bashu together.But Liu Bei wanted to monopolize Yizhou, but he did not agree.Sun Quan sent troops to advance, Liu Bei immediately sent Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others to stop them.Later, Liu Bei really won Yizhou alone. Sun Quan was furious when he heard about it, and said, "Liu Bei is extremely cunning, how dare he be so treacherous!" At the beginning, Liu Bei went to Jiankang to see Sun Quan. Zhou Yu suggested that Sun Quan detain Liu Bei and hold Guan Yu and Zhang Fei hostage.Sun Quan felt that Cao Cao was still in the north, and he should recruit heroes to make Cao Cao's enemy, and worried that Liu Bei would be more difficult to control, so he failed to adopt this strategy. In the nineteenth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 214), Sun Quan ordered Zhuge Jin to ask Liu Bei for the prefectures of Jingzhou.Liu Bei also evaded and said: "I am trying to take Liangzhou. If I can stay in Liangzhou, I will definitely return Jingzhou to Wu." Sun Quan was even more annoyed, so he appointed the governors of Changsha, Lingling, and Guiyang to take over forcibly, but he was guarded by Jingzhou. They drove all Guan Yu back.Sun Quan was angry, so he sent Lu Meng, Lu Su and others to attack.Wu Jun quickly captured the three counties, and Liu Bei hurriedly led troops from Chengdu to the Public Security Bureau (now Hubei Public Security Bureau).The two sides are at war with each other, and they are on the verge of breaking out.When Cao Jun entered Hanzhong, Liu Bei was afraid that Yizhou would lose, so he sent envoys to ask Sun Quan for peace. Sun Quan also agreed to re-allocate due to lack of strength.The two sides agreed to carve up Jingzhou, with Changsha, Jiangxia, and Guiyang in the east belonging to Sun Quan, and Nanjun, Lingling, and Wuling in the west belonging to Liu Bei. Later, because Guan Yu refused to marry, Sun Quan was very angry and determined to attack Jingzhou. Sun Quan planned to send troops to attack Jingzhou. He was worried that there were too many defenders, so he couldn't make up his mind for a while.Lu Meng offered a plan: "It was time for Guan Yu to attack Xiangfan, but he stayed in Jingzhou with heavy troops, mainly because he was afraid that I would sneak attack his rear. Guan Yu also knew that I was often sick, so our company asked me to return to Jianye for treatment on the surface. sickness, and bring back some soldiers. Guan Yu must believe, and no longer be on guard, he will mobilize the army to go to Xiangyang. Then I will lead the army up the river in the starry night, and attack its emptiness. In this way, Jingzhou and others can be captured, and Guan Yu can Capture and kill." Sun Quan agreed, so Lü Meng pretended to be ill, and Sun Quan also publicized it widely, and publicly recruited Lv Meng to return to Jianye for treatment.After Lu Meng returned to Jianye, Sun Quan reassigned Lu Xun, an unknown young scholar, to lead the Wu army.After Lu Xun took office, he immediately wrote a letter to Guan Yu. In the letter, his words were humble and respectful, and he repeatedly praised Guan Yu for his bravery. He deeply admired him and asked for more advice.After Guan Yu read the letter, he was relieved, so he mobilized troops to increase the siege of Fancheng, and no longer worried about the future. When Sun Quan learned that Jingzhou was empty of troops, he personally led the army and marched up the river.He sent Lu Meng as the vanguard to directly drive Guan Yu's army to the defensive line. He hid the elite soldiers in the ship's cabin, and made the men in white to row oars and poles, claiming that they were merchant travelers.At night, the elite soldiers in the boat quietly went ashore and bound all the soldiers guarding the river. After that, Lu Meng's army marched day and night to attack the hinterland of Jingzhou, but Guan Yu didn't know it. When Wu Jun came to Nanjun, an important town in Jingzhou, Mi Fang and Shi Ren, the city guards of Nanjun, were shocked.However, the two had long complained that Guan Yu despised themselves, and recently they were reprimanded by Guan Yu for not being able to provide Xiangfan's military resources. Open the city gate and welcome Lu Meng's army into the city. Guan Yu learned that Nanjun had been captured by Lu Meng, and he was shocked. He hurriedly withdrew from the siege of Xiangfan and led his army back south.On the way, Yu sent envoys to Lu Meng several times to inquire.When the envoy came to the city, Lu Meng generously rewarded him and allowed him to travel around the city. The family members of Guan Yu's army in the city saw the envoy and asked him about their relatives, or asked him to carry a letter from his family.After the envoy reported back to Guan Yu, he was immediately surrounded by soldiers, who inquired about the situation in the city. The envoy shouted: "Don't worry, everyone! The city is intact, everyone's home is safe, and everyone brought letters from home." The family letter, knowing that he is safe and sound, and seeing that Lu Meng is far better than Guan Yu in taking care of his subordinates, they have no fighting spirit. Seeing that the army had no fighting spirit, Guan Yu knew that the general situation was over, and he expected that he would not be able to retake Nanjun, so he went to Maicheng (southeast of Dangyang, Hubei today) to protect himself.Sun Quan sent people to persuade him to surrender, but Guan Yu pretended to surrender.Set up flags and dummy on the city wall, and fled overnight.All the soldiers scattered away, and there were only more than 10 entourages.Sun Quan first sent Zhu Ran, Pan Zhang and other generals to strangle Guan Yu's escape, and then captured Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping alive.Sun Quan wanted not to kill Guan Yu, and everyone persuaded him.So Sun Quan killed Guan Yu and his son and took back all Jingzhou. In the second year after Sun Quan recaptured Jingzhou, Cao Cao died of illness, and his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Han and established the Wei State.Sun Quan knew that he had regained Jingzhou, so Liu Bei must send troops to fight for Jingzhou again.In order to avoid being attacked on both sides, it is necessary to temporarily establish a good relationship with Wei.Therefore, he sent envoys to congratulate Cao Pi on his appointment as a minister.Cao Pi named Sun Quan King of Wu. When the news reached Soochow, Sun Quan summoned his officials to discuss countermeasures.Some people think that Sun Quan should not accept the title of Cao Wei.Sun Quan thought about it again and again, and said to the officials: "In the past, Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, also accepted Xiang Yu's title of King of Han. This is just an expedient measure. What's wrong?"Cao Pi took the opportunity to search for precious and foreign objects such as ivory, night pearl, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, peacock, jadeite, and big shellfish.Soochow officials objected again.Sun Quan said: "What I love most are the people of the land. What Cao Pi asked for is nothing more than bricks and stones to me. What is there to regret? Besides, it is a pity to exchange these things for the peace of Jingzhou and even Soochow. Replace the heavy with the light. Why would I not do it?" So, Sun Quan continued to send envoys to pay tribute, offer things from the square, and respectfully perform the rites of his courtiers.Cao Pi was confused and no longer considered sending troops to attack Wu. Sun Quan avoided Wei's attack and was able to deal with Liu Bei with all his strength. After the Battle of Jingzhou and the Battle of Yiling, the Wu-Shu Alliance was completely broken.Although Sun Quan professed his vassalship to Wei Guo because of the need to seize Jingzhou and defend Liu Bei, it was not out of sincerity.In order to strengthen his control over Soochow, Cao Pi repeatedly asked Sun Quan to send his son Sun Deng to Wei Guo as a hostage.Of course Sun Quan refused, reasoning that Sun Deng was too young to enter the court, and refused to send him to Wei. In the autumn of the first year of Huangwu in the Eastern Wu Dynasty (222 A.D.), Cao Pi sent three armies to attack Dongkou (in the southeast of today's Hexian County, Anhui Province) and Ruxu (in the southeast of Hexian County, Anhui Province) on the grounds that Sun Quan did not send his son as a hostage. Today's Chao County, Anhui) and Nanjun.Sun Quan quickly dispatched troops and generals to resist Cao's army. At this time, Sun Quan realized that if he continued to be an enemy of Liu Bei, he would be in danger of being attacked on both sides, so he took the initiative to send Taizhong doctor Zheng Quan to Baidi City to ask Liu Bei for peace.After Liu Bei's defeat, he also knew that it was difficult to regain Jingzhou. If the Wu army continued to attack, he would be in danger.At the same time, Liu Bei was worried that after Wei Guo wiped out Soochow, he could go all out to deal with himself, which would be detrimental to Shu Han.Therefore, the Wu-Shu alliance was re-established, and messengers from both sides continued to communicate. After Sun Quan broke off diplomatic relations with the state of Wei, Cao Pi was very annoyed. He personally led the army to Guangling (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), preparing to attack Soochow.孙权见曹丕来势凶猛，遂召集谋臣武将商议对策，徐盛向孙权建议，在长江南岸多树木桩。围上芦苇，涂上泥灰，建造假楼疑城，迷惑魏军，使之不敢轻易渡江进攻。孙权认为此计大善，便加以采纳，命令东吴军民准备材料，连夜动工。一夜之间，长江南岸出现了无数城楼关隘，连绵不断，首尾相接，足有数百里，远远望去，真假难辨。同时，吴军又在江边停泊了大量舰船，多树旗幡，制造声势。 曹丕在长江北岸隔江望去，只见江边战船密布，旗帜招展，岸上城楼连绵，固若金汤，不觉大吃一惊。他叹口气说：“江东人才济济，不可轻易夺取。”便无可奈何地撤军北还。 这时，诸葛亮也带领蜀军，对魏国不断发动进攻。曹魏被迫处于守势，已不可能集中兵力对付东吴。这样，孙权建国称帝的时机终于成熟了。 当初，曹丕、刘备相继称帝后，孙权也有称帝之意。但他进一步审时度势，考虑到力量尚微，难以威命众人，感到时机不成熟。所以，他没有急于称帝。东吴黄武二年（公元223年），群臣又上孙权尊号，劝孙权即皇帝之位。孙权再次辞让说：“汉朝虽气数已尽，衰败灭亡已成定局，但我既然不能相救，也无心去相争。”说得冠冕堂皇。群臣又称符瑞多次出现，天命已显，反复请求孙权称帝。孙权无奈，只好对群臣说出心里话：“我何尝不愿早日当皇帝？只是担心过早称帝，会招致魏国征讨。魏蜀如同时进兵，我们将腹背受敌，岂不危险？请诸君理解体谅我暂时低屈的本意。” 东吴黄龙元年（公元229年），孙权见曹魏幼主临国，不会有大的作为，吴蜀联盟关系融洽，东吴内部统治十分稳固，便正式建立吴国，登上皇帝宝座，改元黄龙。他就是历史上所说的吴大帝。 曹魏黄初二年（公元221年），东吴使臣赵咨出使魏国。魏帝曹丕问赵咨：“孙权是什么样的人主？”赵咨回答说：“是聪明、仁智、雄略之主。”丕追问道：“为什么这样说？”咨答道：“吾主孙权纳取鲁肃于凡人之间，是其聪；选拔吕蒙于征战之伍，是其明；获于禁而不加害，是其仁；取荆州兵不血刃，是其智；据荆、扬、交三州，虎视于天下，是其雄；屈身事陛下，是其略。”丕又问：“孙权也知道学习吗？”咨又答道：“吴王带甲百万，战舰万艘，任贤使能，胸有大略，偶有余暇，博览众籍，浏览史书，探索奥秘，不像腐儒那样咬文嚼字，寻章摘句。”说得曹丕不住点头称是。 孙权早期与群臣推诚相处，君臣和睦，上下同心。有人曾告发诸葛瑾里通蜀汉，孙权说：“我与诸葛子瑜（瑾字），可谓神交，外人流言不能间构。”陆逊坐镇荆州，孙权复刻自己的一枚大印交给他，委他全权处理与蜀汉交往之事。孙权刚刚称帝时，蜀汉有人主张讨伐。丞相诸葛亮说：“东吴贤才良多，将相和睦，不可一朝而定。” 孙权不仅知人善任，而且善抚将士，能得臣下死力，将士都愿以身事主。孙权恩威并著，尤以恩信得众将心。凌统早死，其子尚幼，孙权将其幼子领入宫中抚养，爱如己子。吕蒙患病，孙权将其安置在内殿就近治疗，不惜重金悬赏以购求名医名药，悉心治疗。孙权常来探视，又恐吕蒙伤神劳累，乃在墙壁上穿一小洞，随时看望。看到吕蒙偶有起色，小进饭食，孙权便喜形于色，与左右谈笑。否则就黯然神伤，夜不能寐。蒙病小愈，孙权特地下令群臣祝贺。后来吕蒙病情转重，权亲临榻前探视，又命道士祈祷去灾。蒙终于不起，权哀痛已甚，身心为之大伤。平虏将军周泰，护卫孙权，不顾安危，冲锋陷阵，出生入死，曾于重围之中拼死抢救孙权，而泰全身受伤12处。后来，权以周泰统率朱然、徐盛等将，然、盛不服。孙权特意置酒席送到周泰军营之中，大会诸将，孙权亲自为周泰行酒，命周泰解开衣服。孙权亲手指点泰身上斑斑伤痕，询问其来由。周泰一一述说完毕，孙权扶着他的胳臂，流着眼泪说：“周将军，你为我孙氏兄弟出征死战，勇如熊虎，不惜生命，受伤几十处。看您伤痕累累，肤如刻画，我于心何忍！我怎能不把您作为骨肉之亲，授您以兵马之权呢？将军乃东吴之功臣，我要与您休戚与共，同享富贵。”说毕，便将自己所用的御盖赐给周泰。周泰感恩戴德，诸将亦无不心悦诚服。正因为孙权能推贤下士，爱才如命，天下之士才视孙权为圣君明主，望风而归，使东吴贤臣如林，猛将如云，故能保江东几十年基业。 孙权还虚怀若谷，从善如流，对臣下的正确谏诤，勇于采纳。孙权对自己说过：“天下没有纯白的狐狸，而有纯白的狐裘，是集众狐而成的。能用众人之力，则无敌于天下；能用众人之智，则无畏于圣人。”孙权曾在武昌临钓台饮酒，权及群臣皆酩酊大醉。权还醉眼朦胧地说：“今日大家都要畅饮，一醉方休！只有醉倒台中，才能停下！”老臣张昭正色不语，径直走出台外，端坐车中，孙权派人将张昭唤回，对张昭说：“不过是一起作乐，你何必生气？”昭答道：“过去商纣王作酒池肉林，竟长夜之饮，当时也认为是作乐，而不觉得是作恶。”孙权听后，默然不语，思虑再三，深感惭愧，遂命罢酒。 但孙权到了晚年，刚愎自用，猜忌群臣，信用奸佞，排斥忠良，与前期英雄作为相比，简直判若两人。 东吴嘉禾二年（公元223年），割据辽东的公孙渊突然遣使向东吴上表称臣。孙权大喜过望，为之大赦天下，并欲派遣太常张弥、执金吾许晏、将军贺达等为使，将兵万人，携带金银珠宝，漂洋过海，授公孙渊为燕王，并赐九锡。满朝文武以张昭、顾雍为首，都痛切谏止，认为公孙渊乃反复小人，不必对他宠遇过厚，只需派兵吏护其使者归返即可。张昭说：“公孙渊背叛曹魏，担心招致讨伐，故远来求援，归顺并非本意。如果他重又投靠曹魏，我国派出的使节不能返回，岂不取笑于天下？”孙权不听。张昭再三谏诤，孙权仍不接受，依然坚持己见，派张弥、许晏等前往辽东。张昭见此，十分气愤，遂称病不朝。孙权恨张昭不从己命，命人用土将张昭家门堵住。张昭一见，来了个针锋相对，又从门内用土封住，再也不出门。 后来，公孙渊果然斩杀吴国使臣，重新倒向曹魏。孙权听说后，勃然大怒，不仅不检讨自己处事不当，反而迁怒于公孙渊，说道：“我已年届六十，世界之事，无所不知。近来却为鼠辈所骗，真令人气愤！若不斩截这鼠子之头掷于海，还有什么面目当皇帝！就算长途跋涉，我也要亲征鼠辈，以雪心头之恨！”说着，就要带兵亲征，幸亏众臣谏止。 随着猜忌心的日益加重，孙权专门设置了校事、察战两职，用以监视文武百官。中书校事吕壹，诋毁大臣，罗织罪名，构陷无辜，使无罪有功之臣，互相纠举，横受大刑，而孙权对他却十分宠信。丞相顾雍无故被诬陷，遭到软禁。江夏太守刁嘉被陷害，几乎受诛。太子孙登数次劝谏孙权，不听。大将军陆逊见吕壹窃柄弄权，擅作威福，而无人可禁，与太常等人同心忧思，以至流涕。骠骑将军步骘多次上书，揭露吕壹罪行，请求孙权改变虽有大臣而不能用的状况，重新任用顾雍、陆逊等忠贞股肱之臣，孙权却置若罔闻。潘濬见孙权如此不纳忠言，百般无奈，竟想铤而走险，借宴会之机袭杀吕壹。后壹虽因陷害左将军朱据，事情泄露被杀，但校事等官仍然不废。 东吴太元元年（公元251年）冬十一月，孙权出南郊祭天地，回宫之后，即得风疾。十二月，孙权将大将军诸葛恪召回，拜为太子太傅，开始安排后事。东吴太元二年（公元252年）夏四月，孙权病死，时年71岁，谥曰“大皇帝”。