Chapter 16 Chapter 15 The New Emperor Mang

According to legend, when Liu Bang beheaded the white snake, the snake once told Liu Bang that he would be the son of heaven, and he would be everywhere, but it was determined to make trouble with him. He cut it in half.As a result, there was chaos in the middle of the Han Empire: a new dynasty that lasted 17 years was inserted between the two Hans.Legend has it that Wang Mang, the founder of this short-lived dynasty, was the reincarnation of that snake. Wang Mang's ancestors were originally descendants of the Qi Wang family who were destroyed by Qin.During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a member of the family named Wang He became a small official who embroidered clothes and censors.Wang He was banned from giving birth to a child.Wang Jin had many wives and concubines, including 4 daughters and 8 sons. Among them, Wang Zhengjun was born to Wang Jin's wife Li.At the age of 19, Zheng Jun entered the palace to serve Prince Liu Shi.In the third year of Emperor Xuan's Ganlu (51 BC), Wang Zhengjun gave birth to a son named Ao and styled Taisun.Emperor Xuan died when Liu Ao was 3 years old, and the crown prince Liu Shi came to the throne as Emperor Yuan, making Liu Ao the prince and the ruler the empress.The ruler ascended the throne of the "Mother of the Nation", and her parents, brothers, and sisters became relatives of the emperor, and were granted titles and officials.Wang Ban was granted the title of Marquis of Yangping.In the first year of Yuan Emperor Jingning (33 BC), the Han Yuan Emperor died, and the crown prince Liu Ao ascended the throne as Emperor Cheng, honoring the queen Wang Zhengjun as the empress dowager; appointed the emperor's uncle Wang Feng as the chief secretary of the Great Sima and the prime minister of the government; Wang Chong was enfeoffed as Marquis of Ancheng, and Wang Tan, Wang Shang, Wang Li, Wang Gen, and Wang Fengshi were enfeoffed as Marquis of Guannei, but Wang Man had died and was not rewarded.Since then, the Wang family, headed by the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, has controlled the power of the Han Empire.

After Emperor Cheng granted the uncles, all the relatives of the Wang family were extremely dignified, dressed in fresh clothes and angry horses, arrogant and arrogant, living a luxurious and lustful aristocratic life.But Wang Mang's family lived a lonely and poor life.Wang Mang, courtesy name Jujun, was born in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty.Father Wang Man failed to receive the emperor's grace due to his early death.But Wang Mang was respectful, thrifty and courteous. He worshiped Confucianism and Peijun Chen Can as his teacher, and studied the scriptures tirelessly.At home, he respectfully served his widowed mother and sister-in-law, and educated the nephew left by his deceased brother.In society, he made friends with celebrities and Confucian scholars, and carefully served his uncles and uncles who were in charge of the court.In the third year of Yangshuo (22 BC), Wang Mang's uncle, Wang Feng, fell ill. Wang Mang waited on him, never left him, tasted the medicine himself, and took good care of him. He didn't take off his clothes for several months.This increased Wang Feng's favor.When the power minister was dying, he entrusted the Queen Mother and Emperor Cheng to grant Wang Mang an official position.In this year, Wang Mang became Huang Menlang, and soon he was promoted to Captain Shesheng. This is a senior official in charge of crossbowmen, with a rank of two thousand stones.He was only 24 years old at the time.

In the first year of Yongshi (16 BC), his uncle Chengdu Hou Wangshang wrote a letter to become emperor, willing to divide his household and entitle Wang Mang.Changle Shaofu Dai Chong, Shizhong Jinshe, Hu Qixiao Wei Jihong, Shanggu Du Wei Yangbin, Zhonglang Chentang and other famous scholars are also highly praised by Wang Mang.Therefore, Emperor Cheng granted Wang Mang the title of Marquis of Xindu, and 1,500 households in the capital township of Xinye, Nanyang.Captain Qi is a military officer with the same rank and salary as Captain Shesheng.Doctor Guanglu and the servant are both added officials.With the addition of Doctor Guanglu, one can participate in the government and discuss state affairs; with the addition of one official, one can serve at the emperor's side.At the age of 30, Wang Mang became a very powerful minister in the court.Wang Mang is definitely not the kind of arrogant and self-satisfied person. The more honorable he is, the more modest his integrity. He looses his horse clothes, gives food to guests, and has nothing left for his family;Sometimes, they also do some things to catch the public's reputation and grandstanding.

In the first year of Suihe (8 BC), Wang Mang's uncle, Wang Gen, who served as the Great Sima General, was seriously ill. He asked to leave his post several times to recuperate.On whose head will the new Great General Sima fall?Compared with those Wang's children who were chasing sensuality all day long, Wang Mang seemed to have outstanding character. Relying on the influence of Wang's relatives for many years, he was able to obtain this high position.But there is also a strong opponent, this person is called Chunyu Chang, who is also one of Wang's relatives, and his official position and power at that time surpassed Wang Mang.In order to gain a high position, he persuaded the queen mother to make Zhao Feiyan, the emperor's favorite concubine, the queen.Emperor Cheng was very grateful for Chunyuchang's mediation, so he bestowed Chunyuchang with the title of Marquis of Guannei, and soon after, he was granted the title of Marquis of Dingling.Chunyu Changyou is creditworthy, and he is devoted to the public.However, Chunyu Chang was not as far-sighted as Wang Mang. Once he became an official, he would be full of arrogance and become extravagant and lustful.He had an affair with the widowed Xuhou's older sister, Xu Nai, and married her as a concubine. Xu Feihou bribed him, hoping that he would intercede with Emperor Cheng and restore his Jieyu status, but he sent letters to tease her many times .As a result, Chunyu Chang's secrets were discovered by Wang Mang.Wang Mang won Wang Gen's support by taking advantage of the opportunity of being attentive to the sick around Wang Gen, and became emperor.As a result, Chun Yuchang not only lost the position of General Sima, who was about to get it, but also lost his official position as Weiwei, and was driven back to his fief.Later, Emperor Cheng executed Chunyuchang in prison for the crime of treason, his wife was exiled, and Hongyang Hou Wangli was also driven back to his fiefdom.Wang Mang completely defeated his opponent Chunyu Chang.Wang Gen recommended Wang Mang to assist the government on his behalf.In the first year of Suihe (8 BC), Emperor Cheng promoted Mang to be the great Sima, and assisted the government on behalf of Wang Gen.This year, Wang Mang was 38 years old.

After ascending to this high position of being under one person and above ten thousand people, Wang Mang still practiced self-denial, hired virtuous and famous scholars and staff, and used all the money rewarded to the scholars, while he was even more frugal. His mother was ill, and the minister sent his wife to come. During the visit, Mrs. Wang who came out to greet the guests was wearing a short dress and sarong, and those noble ladies actually regarded her as a servant of Wang Mang's family. Unexpectedly, Wang Mang was kicked out after sitting in Da Sima's seat for a little more than a year.In the second year of Suihe (7 BC), Emperor Cheng died without a son. Liu Xin, the grandson of Emperor Yuan Fu Zhaoyi and the son of Liu Kang, King Dingtao Gong, came to the throne as Emperor Ai.Pushing the throne of God, the Fu and Ding families became relatives of the emperor, and conflicted with Wang's relatives in the distribution of rights and interests.In order to maintain the stability of the political situation, the Empress Yuan asked Wang Mang to resign and go to the country.Emperor Ai heard that Wang's relatives were arrogant since he was a child, and he was very dissatisfied. However, since Wang Feng became the chief minister, Wang's relatives have controlled the government for 26 years. The reputation of Wang's relatives for assisting the government and protecting the country also praised Wang Mang a lot and persuaded him to retain him. He also added 350 households of Wang Mang's households.

Later, Wang's relatives clashed with Ding and Fu's relatives.Once, Wang Mang wrote to resign again, and demonstrated to Emperor Ai and Fu and Ding's relatives.This time, Emperor Ai agreed, and he gave Wang Mang some gold to live in the capital.Two years later, he was driven back to Nanyang Xinyedu Township fiefdom.However, Emperor Ai did not completely eliminate the influence of Wang's relatives, especially he did not dare to touch the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun at all, leaving Wang Mang a chance to make a comeback. Wang Mang, who lives in seclusion in Xinyedu Township, Nanyang, makes friends with scholars, seeks fame, waits for the opportunity, and plots to make a comeback.When Wang Mang first returned to the feudal kingdom, Nanyang prefect specially chose Kong Xiu, a famous Confucian scholar, as Wang Mang's new capital in order to make friends with him.Wang Mang respected Kong Xiu very much and gave him a sword to win him over.Wang Mang's second son, Wang Huo, killed a slave. This was not a big deal at the time, but Wang Mang scolded his son and told Wang Huo to commit suicide.These actions of Wang Mang won a great reputation. Hundreds of people from all over the government and the public cried out for Wang Mang's grievances, and asked Emperor Ai to restore Wang Mang's official position.In the first year of Yuanshou (2 BC), there was a solar eclipse. Zhou Hu, Song Chong and others took advantage of this to write a great article and sing praises for Wang Mang.Under the pressure of public opinion, Emperor Ai conscripted Wang Mang back to Chang'an, the capital, in the name of serving the Empress Dowager.

A year later, Aidi died.Emperor Ai had no heirs, so the Empress Dowager ordered the military and political power of the Han Dynasty to be handed over to Wang Mang.Wang Mang dismissed Da Sima Dong Xian, and re-ascended the throne of Da Sima himself.The succeeding Emperor Ping was young, and the Empress Dowager came to the court as the ruler, appointing Wang Mang.Wang Mang forced Empress Cheng to kill the prince and Empress Ai Fu to commit suicide, and expelled Ding and Fu's relatives from the capital.He also did not allow Emperor Ping's mother Wei to enter Beijing.In this way, Wang Mang monopolized the power and played Emperor Ping in the palm of his hand. He rejected dissidents and formed cliques for personal gain;In the first year of Emperor Ping's Yuanshi (1 AD), he won the title of "An Han Gong".

At that time, the aging Empress Dowager still held considerable power.Wang Mang did not dare to offend this Empress Dowager.Therefore, he instructed his minions to write a letter, saying that the queen mother is the most respected, and it is not appropriate to work too hard, and there is no need to personally do some small things.The Empress Dowager accepted this suggestion, and stipulated that only the matter of conferring a title should be reported to her, and that all other matters should be decided by Duke An Han and ministers.Since then, the power of the government has been completely controlled by Wang Mang.

At this time, Wang Yu, the eldest son of Wang Mang, was dissatisfied with his father's domineering, so he conspired with his teacher Wu Zhang and his wife and younger brother Lu Kuan to persuade him.After Wang Mang found out the truth of the matter, he was furious and sent Wang Yu to prison, and Yu committed suicide by drinking medicine.Yu's wife, who was pregnant with a son, was also arrested and imprisoned, and executed after giving birth.Then, Wang Mang poorly ruled Lu Kuan's prison. From the central government to the local government, anyone who Wang Mang considered dissidents would be arrested and punished as Lu Kuan's henchmen.Even Emperor Yuan's younger sister Princess Jingwu, Liang Wang Liuli, Hongyanghou Wangli and Ping'ahou Wangren were all coerced to commit suicide.He Wu, the former general who once competed with Wang Mang for the position of chief minister, Bao Xuan, the former official who was loyal to the Han Dynasty and did not attach to Wang Mang, Xin Tong, the captain of the Huqiang school, Xin Zun, the captain of Hangu, and Shui Hengdu, who were friendly with the Wei family. Wei Xinmao and Nanyang prefect Xinbo were all imprisoned to death, implicating tens of thousands of people who were executed.Lu Kuan's prison made Wang Mang further eliminate dissidents.

In order to further consolidate his position, Wang Mang tried his best to make his daughter the queen of Emperor Han Ping.Soon, Wang Mang won the title of "Prime Minister" and was named Shanggong.Wang Mang was so proud that he asked Yu Shi to engrave him a seal of "Prime Minister Taifu Da Sima". Not long after receiving this special gift, Wang Mang noticed that the growing Emperor Ping was dissatisfied with him, so he killed Ping Emperor with poison first, and supported Liu Ying, who was only two years old, as a "children", and he became the "Emperor She". Come.Wang Mang's heart is well known to passers-by. Zhai Yi, the governor of Dongjun County, and Zhao Ming, a man from Chang'an, rebelled against Mang and were suppressed one after another.The old empress dowager is famous but has no power, and there is no power to stop Wang Mang from standing on his own in behalf of the Han.

In the third year of Jushe (A.D. 8), Ai Zhang, a rascal in Zitong County, saw that Wang Mang had the potential to replace the Han Dynasty, so he decided to take a big risk of political speculation.He forged two copper chambers, one with the words "Picture of the Golden Chamber of the Emperor's Xingxi" and the other with "The Book of the Red Emperor's Xingxi to the Emperor's Golden Policy". "Someone" refers to Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty.According to the book, Wang Mang succeeded the Han Dynasty and became the true son of heaven, and the empress dowager should respect the destiny of heaven.The pictures and books all contain the names of Wang Mang's eight ministers, and he made up the names of Wang Xing and Wang Sheng, as well as his own name, saying that these 11 people are the assistants of the new dynasty.One evening, Ai Zhang, wearing a yellow coat and holding a copper box, ran to the sacrificial temple of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, and handed over the two copper boxes to his servant.Pu She immediately reported to Wang Mang.In the early morning of the next day, Wang Mang came to the Gaomiao solemnly, worshiped the copper cabinet, and put on the crown to meet the Queen Mother, explaining that he would inherit the destiny and stand on behalf of the Han Dynasty.Then, I came to the front hall of Weiyang Palace, sat down on the emperor's throne, and announced that I was standing on behalf of the Han Dynasty, named the country "Xin", and took December as the first month of the first year of the founding of the country. On New Year's Day, the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (AD 9), the enthronement ceremony of the new emperor was solemnly held in the front hall of Weiyang Palace.Wang Mang led his ministers to meet with the Empress Dowager, presented him with the seal ribbon of "Xinshi Wenmu Empress Dowager", and removed the title of the Han Dynasty.Li wife Wang is the queen.Wang Mang had four sons: Yu, Huo, An, and Lin.Both Wang Yu and Wang Huo had committed suicide, and Wang An was in a trance. Wang Mang made Wang Lin the crown prince and named Wang An "Xin Jiapi"; he made his grandson and Wang Yu's six sons princes.Amnesty to the world.He also issued an edict to order Ru Ziying to be "Anding Gong", and take Pingyuan (today's southwest of Shandong Plain) and other five counties hundreds of miles away, with tens of thousands of households, as the fiefdom of Anding Gong, where Liu's ancestral temple was established and enshrined in Han Dynasty. Shuo; take Empress Xiaoping as the Empress Dowager of Anding.After reading the decree, Wang Mang dragged Liu Ying, who was only 5 years old, to weep, and said: "At the beginning, Duke Zhou lived in the house, and Emperor Cheng returned to power when he grew up. I wanted to follow the example of Duke Zhou, but fate is hard to break. I can't do what I want." After lamenting for a long time, Zhong Fu took Liu Ying down from the palace and made him a minister to the north.Then, Wang Mang got the "Han Chuan Guoxie" from the Empress Dowager.Since Wang Mang entered the official career in the third year of Yangshuo (22 BC), he has risen step by step from Huangmenlang, Shesheng Xiaowei, Qiduwei Guanglu, Doctor Shizhong, Da Sima, and Emperor She, and finally stood on behalf of the Han Dynasty and established his of the new dynasty. After Wang Mang came to power on behalf of the Han Dynasty, he designed a set of blueprints for "returning to the old" society according to "Zhou Li", trying to alleviate the social crisis since the middle of the Western Han Dynasty and consolidate the rule of the landlord class in the new dynasty. This is the "New Deal". First of all, Wang Mang carried out land reform in accordance with the well field system model of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, and promulgated the "Wang Tian Order": renamed the world's fields as "Wang Tian"; land trading was prohibited; a family with less than 8 men and a field of more than 900 mu , Hand over the excess land and distribute it to the neighbors of the clan; those who did not have land in the past, received 100 mu of land per husband and wife; those who dared to violate this order were exiled to remote areas. In order to curb the increase of slaves and maidservants, at the same time as the "Wang Tian Order" was promulgated, the "Private Dependent Order" was issued: changing the name of slaves and maidservants to "Private Dependents"; prohibiting the sale and purchase of slaves and maidservants; In the year following the promulgation of the "Private Order", that is, the second year of Wang Mang's founding of the country (AD 10), Wang Mang promulgated the "Five Balances", "Credit Loans" and "Six Controls" based on the "Zhou Rituals". The "five averages" means that the government manages industrial and commercial operations and commodity prices. "Credit loan" means granting a loan.Poor people who have funerals, sacrifices, or want to run industry and commerce but have no funds can borrow money from Qian Fucheng.Repayment is limited to 10 days for sacrifices, and 3 months for funerals, and no interest is charged; the annual interest rate for industrial and commercial loans is one-tenth, or 3% per month.Later, Wang Mang ordered the state to monopolize salt, wine, and iron;These five state-owned industries, together with the state's "five balances" and "credit loans", are collectively referred to as the "six managements." In the bureaucratic system, Wang Mang also carried out reforms.Based on the legendary blueprint of the ancient official system, he also adopted the official system of the Han Dynasty and integrated it to formulate the bureaucratic system of the new dynasty.In the center, there are four assistants, three officials, four generals, nine ministers, and six supervisors; at the local level, the country is divided into 9 states, 125 counties, and 2203 counties.Prefectures are set up as prefects; county chiefs are divided into Zuzheng, Lianshu and Dayin according to the rank of title; counties are set up as magistrates. Wang Mang also reformed the currency system as many as 4 times.Wang Mang's series of reforms in economics and politics, especially the "Wang Tian Order" and "Private Dependent Order", have indeed grasped the core of the problem.However, he did not propose practical reform measures.His reform proposals are fanciful, but they simply don't work.Wang Mang's "New Deal" not only increased the burden on the working people, but also touched the interests of bureaucratic landlords and wealthy businessmen. The latter originally had great hopes for Wang Mang. interests, and to obtain greater benefits.Wang Mang's New Deal can be said to be perilous. Not long after Wang Mang ascended the Dragon Throne, he found that his position was unstable.The crisis first came from the border.After Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor, he believed that there were no two masters in the sky and no two kings in the earth, and that the claiming of kings by the leaders of ethnic minorities violated the classics and violated unity.He sent Wuwei generals to various ethnic minorities.Among them, those who went north went to the Shanyu Court of the Xiongnu, took back the seal issued by the Han Dynasty, and granted the seal of the new dynasty.Shan Yu was very dissatisfied after seeing it, because the "seal" was used by the emperor, and the "zhang" belonged to the courtiers, so he asked for the old seal.Wuwei general Chen Rao smashed the old seal on the spot.Shan Yu was furious, and he rode south to attack and plunder, and other tribes in the surrounding area also raised their troops one after another.Beacon smoke is everywhere in the frontier, and drums and horns are beeping.Wang Mang was furious, conscripted soldiers from various counties and states, and marched into the Xiongnu in six routes.The six armies marched out together, and the front stretched for more than 3,000 miles from east to west, and a total of 300,000 prisoners, Ding Nan, and armored soldiers were recruited from all over the world.From the Jianghuai River to the northern defense line, there was an endless stream of soldiers and servants who went on expeditions. The 300,000 troops could not be assembled at the same time, and those who arrived earlier would stay at the border and wait for the arrival of follow-up troops.These soldiers living in the border harassed the local people wantonly, robbed property, and extorted money and food.The counties in the interior are urging the army to collect their salaries, and they have collected all the money, and the people are in dire straits.In this way, before the war against the Xiongnu started, the border and the interior were in chaos.In order to deal with the chaotic situation, Wang Mang conferred the title of general on his ministers, sent the military general Lu Bing and others to control the key towns, and sent 55 people each to the border to serve as envoys to supervise the army and to rectify military discipline.Unexpectedly, when these officials arrived at the border, they colluded with the generals who led the troops, extorted bribes, and robbed the people.A group of hungry tigers and a group of hungry wolves made the frontier restless. External aggression has not been eliminated, and internal strife has arisen again.Wang Mang has three capable generals: Wang Shun, Zhen Feng and Liu Xin.The three of them were originally ministers of the Han Dynasty. After Wang Mang became the chief Sima, he was cited as his confidant.However, when Wang Mang wanted to be the "emperor", they didn't quite agree with it and took a wait-and-see attitude.After Wang Mang became self-reliant on behalf of the Han Dynasty, Wang Shun, Zhen Feng, and Liu Xin all became founding fathers, but they were very afraid in their hearts.Especially Zhen Feng, who has a strong character and is rebellious.Wang Mang first noticed that Zhen Feng was dissatisfied with his standing on behalf of the Han Dynasty, and decided to use this big minion to act.Thus, Zhen Feng was parachuted from Da'a, You Fu, and Da Si to General Gengshi.Zhen Feng and his son were extremely indignant about this.Zhen Xun, Zhen Feng's son, was the servant of Jingzhao Dayin at that time. He wanted to avenge Lao Tzu, so he forged a talisman, saying that the new dynasty should divide Shanxi into two parts, with two uncles to rule, and Zhen Feng He is Uncle You, Taifu Pingyan is Uncle Zuo, just like the story of Zhou Zhao.Wang Mang was furious, but after weighing it, he decided to hold back for the time being and announced that he would act according to the order of the amulet.Unexpectedly, when Zhen Feng was about to leave for his post, Zhen Xun issued another fate, saying that Wang Mang's daughter, the former Empress of Han Ping, and the head of the Huang family would be his wife.Wang Mang couldn't bear it anymore, he said that the head of the Huang family was a queen, and Zhen Xun's fate was to deceive the sky, "the crime cannot be punished", and ordered Zhen Xun to be arrested.Zhen Xun escapes, and Zhen Feng commits suicide.A year later, Zhen Xun was arrested in Huashan.Wang Mang's minions found the word "Son of Heaven" tattooed on Zhen Xun's hand.Wang Mang asked someone to cut off the tattooed arm and gave it to him for inspection. After reading it, he said, "Where is this 'Son of Heaven'? It is 'Big Son' or 'Six Sons'. Zhen Xun and his son should be beheaded!" Then he ordered Zhen Xun to be killed.The case also involved hundreds of people, including Liu Fen and Liu Yong, the sons of the national teacher Liu Xin, Wang Qi, the younger brother of Da Sikong Wang Yi, and Ding Long, Liu Xin's retainer. Wang Mang sent them to the guillotine one by one. This incident shocked Wang Mang a lot. He felt that his minions were unreliable and suspicious, so he took precautions.Every time they go out, they must first send guards to search repeatedly in the capital, which is called "Hengsou".In the fourth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (AD 12), in order to go out for a trip, he searched the capital for 5 days.In order to prevent the ministers from rebelling, Wang Mang limited the number of officials who accompanied the ministers into the palace.Once, Taifu Pingyan entered the palace, and the number of attendants exceeded the prescribed number, and he severely reprimanded the servant guarding the palace gate and made rude remarks.Pingyan's Wucao soldiers tied up the servants in a fit of anger. When Wang Mang heard about this, he was so angry that he immediately ordered the law enforcement to dispatch hundreds of horses, surrounded the Taifu's mansion, and ordered him to hand over the Wucao soldiers. Put to death, this is the end. At this moment, Wang Mang's backyard caught fire.Wang Mang's grandson Wang Zong wanted to replace his ancestors. He painted a full-body portrait of himself wearing the emperor's clothes, and engraved the words "Wei Zhi Guan Cun Ji Xia Chu Nanshan Tibetan Thin Ice", "Su Sheng Bao Ji", "De Feng The three seals with the words "Chang Tu" expressly stated that he would be the emperor on behalf of his grandfather Wang Mang.He also communicated privately with the family members of his uncle Lu Kuan.After the incident was leaked, Wang Mang was furious and sent a secretary to inspect it.Wang Zong committed suicide.From then on, Wang Mang was worried about his children and grandchildren, and wanted to drive them away. In the first year of Emperor Dihuang (AD 20), a hurricane destroyed Wang Lu Tang, which Wang Mang regarded as sacred.Wang Mang took advantage of the topic and fabricated an eloquent imperial edict, talking about catastrophic fates, took the opportunity to abolish the crown prince Wang Lin, demoted him as the king of Tongyiyang, and drove him out of the capital; An became the newly moved king and was also expelled from the capital. Wang Lin did have the intention of usurping and murdering.It turned out that Wang Mang killed Wang Yu and Wang Huo in a row, and Mang's wife was so sad that she cried and went blind.Wang Mang asked Prince Wang Linju to serve him in the palace.Mang's wife has a maid named Yuan Bi, with whom Wang Mang has an affair.When Wang Linyang was serving his mother, he also had an affair with Yuan Bi.He was worried that he would be punished if the incident was revealed, so he planned with his wife and Liu Xin's daughter Liu Yin to kill Wang Mang and inherit the throne.Unexpectedly, before Wang Lin could do anything, Wang Mang took advantage of the strong wind blowing down Wang Lutang to drive him out of the capital, and lost the crown prince's seat.In the second year of Emperor Dihuang (21 AD), Wang Mang's blind queen was critically ill.Wang Lin wrote a letter to his mother, saying: "The emperor is too harsh on his children and grandchildren. A few years ago, the elder brother and the second brother were forced to commit suicide when they were 30 years old. This year, my son is also 30 years old. I am afraid I want to keep myself safe at home, but I don’t want to hear it, and I don’t know where I will die!” When Wang Mang visited his sick wife and found this letter, he was furious, and even more suspicious of Wang Lin’s misconduct.Soon, the blind queen died of illness.After Wang Mang buried his wife, he ordered Yuan Bi to be arrested and tortured severely.Yuan Bi confessed one by one, and Wang Mang felt his family's ugliness should not be publicized, so he secretly executed all the officials who participated in the torture and interrogation of Yuan Bi, buried their bodies in prison, sent poison to Wang Lin, and ordered him to commit suicide.Wang Lin refused to drink, and drew his sword to kill himself. Wang Mang defeated those who wanted to assassinate him one by one.But at the same time, the fire of peasant uprising began to burn all over the country.For these insurgents, Wang Mang tried to recruit security, but after being rejected, Wang Mang tried to subdue the rebels with superstitious means, but it was useless.Wang Mang saw that the technique of victory was not effective, so he stepped up armed suppression.He promoted military integration throughout the country, setting up the five major Sima in the front, back, left, and right sides, the general of the state Muci, the county soldiers Zheng, Lian Shui, and Dayin as the partial generals, and the county magistrate as the school lieutenant.Wang Mang granted the central and local governors the military power to command troops to suppress peasant uprisings, turning the whole country into a large military camp, which further intensified class contradictions. Since then, Wang Mang's new dynasty has been threatened by growing crises and besieged on all sides. The beacon fire at the border, the volunteer soldiers from the four counties, and the imperial court's conspiracy made Wang Mang extremely anxious and at a loss for what to do.However, in dealing with these incidents, although Wang Mang lacked great talent and strategy, and lacked effective measures, he was also full of strange things, wonderful methods, and innovative tricks, and he performed farces that were unprecedented and unprecedented. Shangshu, a Lang official who waited on Wang Mang's side, said that if the world is to be peaceful, a "Mother of the People" must be established.He also claimed that the Yellow Emperor became a god because he married 120 concubines.After Wang Mang's imperial reading, he immediately dispatched 45 Zhongsan doctors and 45 visitors to the world to choose folk ladies. Seeing that the master was so frightened, a minion offered a plan and said: "The Yellow Emperor once built a canopy to become a fairy." After hearing this, Wang Mang immediately ordered the craftsmen to build a nine-fold canopy, 8.1 feet high, equipped with 4 invisible wheels, and used 6 Pulled by tall horses, 300 chariots in yellow clothes and yellow hats are free.Whenever Wang Mang went out, he would let this climbing chariot clear the way in front, and the 300 wrestlers in the car shouted in unison: "Climbing to the fairy! Climbing to the fairy!" Several wrestlers standing on the wagon beat the drums vigorously, which was really lively. Cui Fa, Wang Mang's big minion, offered a plan: "According to "Zhou Li" and "Spring and Autumn Zuo Shi Zhuan", if the state has a catastrophe, then weep to get tired of it. "Zhou Yi" also said: "First cry and then laugh." Asking for help." The impoverished Wang Mang led his group of ministers to the southern suburb of Chang'an. Wang Mang looked up to the sky and sighed: "The sky has given me an order, why didn't you wipe out all the thieves? If it's my fault, please strike me with lightning!" After speaking, he burst into tears , passed out.After waking up, he fell to the ground and kowtowed endlessly.In order to increase the momentum of crying for heaven, Wang Mang ordered Tai students and common people to cry for heaven in the southern suburbs twice a day in the morning and evening, and sent people to make porridge for the students and common people who cried for heaven.Anyone who cries sadly and can recite Wang Mang's report to Tiance will be awarded the position of Lang Guan.Within a few days, more than 5,000 people got this official position. In the fourth year of Emperor Dihuang (23 A.D.), the Green Forest Army supported Liu Xuan as emperor, with the reign title "Gengshi".When Wang Mang heard about it, he was struck by lightning.In order to conceal the panic and anxiety in his heart, he held a grand wedding amidst singing and singing, and used 30,000 gold to marry the daughter of Du Ling's historian as the queen.He dyed his beard black to show that he was rich in spring and autumn, and went to the front hall of Weiyang Palace to greet him in person, and became a prisoner in the west hall.At the same time, He concubines, Meiyu, and Heren were registered as Sangongs; 9 concubines were regarded as Jiuqing; 27 beauties were regarded as doctors; 81 imperial servants were regarded as Yuanshi. Years of wars, extortion by officials, and looting by officers and soldiers have caused unprecedented national famine, with starvation everywhere and bones scattered everywhere.Wang Mang sent many doctors to teach the people to cook grass and trees for butter, but the boiled butter was not edible.Wang Mang also asked someone to build a large barn, which was guarded by lotus halberds.Wang Mang said that the skyrocketing grain prices can come down.Hungry people poured into the capital Chang'an from all directions.Wang Mang made a big show of setting up "support officials" to help the hungry people. These "support officials" are all good at sucking people's fat and cream.Zhonghuangmen Wangye, who was appointed by Wang Mang to manage Chang'an market transactions, took the opportunity to collude with wealthy businessmen, buy cheap and sell expensive, and made a fortune.One day, Wang Mang heard that the city of Chang'an was full of starvation, so he asked Wang Ye what was going on.Wang Ye said: "Those are just some refugees." He showed Wang Mang a rice cake and meat soup, and said, "All the residents in the city eat this", but Wang Mang believed it. Seeing a series of defeats in the military, Wang Mang played a new trick: he sent the custom doctor Si Guoxian and others to branch the country, announcing the abolition of the ban on well fields, slaves, mountains, and six pipes.Wang Mang himself couldn't figure out what should be abolished, so he simply said: "Since he came to the throne, all decrees that are not conducive to the people have been withdrawn." But it was too late, because the water in the cauldron was already boiling, and drawing salary would not help. In the third year of Emperor Dihuang (AD 22), peasant uprising armies from all walks of life, mainly led by Lvlin and Chimei, rushed to Luoyang and Chang'an, the heartlands of Wang Mang's rule.In February of that year, Jing Shang, the military commander sent by Wang Mang to the eastern front, became the ghost of the rebel army.Wang Mang sent Taishi Wang Kuang and Gengshi General Lian Dan to the East to encircle and suppress the rebel army. The Mang army was defeated and Lian Dan was killed.In June of that year, the main force of the Mang Army under the command of Wang Yi and Wang Xun fought a decisive battle with the Green Forest Army in Kunyang (now Ye County, Henan).The Mang army was defeated, Wang Xun was killed, and Wang Yi fled back to Luoyang with thousands of defeated soldiers.In the battle of Kunyang, the main force of the Mang army was completely lost.The rebel army took advantage of the victory to attack and approached Chang'an. Wang Mang's monarch and his officials were panic-stricken, and the whole court was shocked. On October 1, the fourth year of Emperor Dihuang (AD 23), the rebel army broke through the Xuanping Gate of Chang'an City and rushed into the city.The next day, two young men Zhu Di and Zhang Yu in Chang'an City led some people to set fire to the palace gate, split open the small gate of Jingfa Hall with an axe, and rushed into the palace.Wang Mang fled to the front hall of the Proclamation Room, wearing dark blue and red clothes, wearing a seal, and holding the Emperor Yu's dagger in his hand. Tian Wenlang stood beside him holding the time-keeping Shi, constantly reporting the progress of the time.The majestic fight rotated with the engraving, and Wang Mang sat down with the handle, howling: "I am born with virtue, what should Han soldiers do!" In the early morning of the third day, the ministers surrounded Wang Mang out of Xibaihumen, fled into Jiantai, and wanted to make a final struggle with the surrounding pool water.Wang Mang held the talisman and fought mightily, and there were more than a thousand ministers and ministers in his entourage.Wang Yi fought bloody day and night, and his soldiers were killed and injured, and they also fled to Jiantai.The rebel army pursued to Jiantai, surrounded hundreds of layers, and fought fiercely with Wang Mang's party members who were stubbornly resisting on the platform.Wang Mang's party ran out of arrows, and the rebel army crossed the water and rushed to Jiantai, and the two sides fought hand-to-hand.Wang Yi and his son, Wang Xun, Wang Yi, Zhao Bo, Miao? , Tang Zun, Wang Sheng, etc. all died under random gunfire, and Wang Mang hid in a small room.At dusk, Du Wu, a businessman from Chang'an, rushed into Wang Mang's hiding room, killed him with a knife, and took off his ribbon.The school lieutenant and public guest had studied the "Book of Rites". Seeing that the ribbon Du Wu took was the emperor's ribbon, he asked where Wang Mang was, ran into that room, and cut off Wang Mang's head.All the rebels rushed to chop up Wang Mang's body first, and chopped Wang Mang's body into meat sauce.