Chapter 5 Chapter Four Hui Emperor Liu Ying

Han Hui Emperor Liu Ying, the son of Liu Bang and Empress Lu.Qin Shihuang was born in Yangli, Fengyi, Peijun (now Fengxian, Jiangsu) in the thirty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang (211 BC).He succeeded to the throne at the age of 16 in 195 BC and died at the age of 22. When Liu Ying was young, his father was just a small official like the head of the pavilion in Surabaya, and his family was not rich.Therefore, he often went to work in the fields with his mother and sister.And because of his father's constant "revolutions", his life has been in turmoil and panic.In the last years of Qin Shihuang, Liu Bang privately let the criminals flee and hide in the mountains of Mang and Dang. Liu Ying and her father were separated for several years.In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Liu Bang responded to Chen Sheng and raised troops in Pei. Although the father and son reunited, Gaozu soon moved to the north and south, and Liu Ying had to stay in his hometown with his mother.It was not until the first year of King Han (206 BC) that the Chu-Han War broke out, and Liu Bang passed through Peijun before sending people to look for them.Unfortunately, they were not found because they fled (the Chu army was also hunting them at the time).Later, Liu Ying and her sister met her father by chance on the road, but her grandfather and mother had separated and were captured by the Chu army.Although the siblings walked with their father, they were in danger of encountering accidents because of the hot pursuit of the Chu army.They were cruelly pushed out of the car three times by their father so that they could escape as soon as possible.The servant Xia Houying couldn't bear it, got out of the car and carried them up, and scolded Gaozu, saying: "The car can't go fast, so throwing the two children away will help?"Liu Bang was very angry, but at least there was still some father-son affection, so Liu Ying and his brother survived.Later, Liu Ying was sent to Guanzhong, the rear of the Han Dynasty, and finally got rid of her life in exile.

After Liu Ying came to Guanzhong, he was established as the crown prince in the second year of King Han (205 BC).He lived in Liyang (now Lintong, Shaanxi), and was called staying behind, but in fact he was looked after by Prime Minister Xiao He.In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and became the emperor, and Liu Ying was changed to the crown prince.I was only 9 years old. After Liu Ying was established as the crown prince, her succession to the throne went through twists and turns, which was not easy.Gaozu Liu Bang didn't like him in his later years, thinking that he was "benevolent and weak" and not like himself, but Zhao Wang Ruyi, born to his concubine Mrs. Qi, was quite similar to him, and wanted to change Ruyi as the prince.In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (197 BC), Gaozu's court proposed to change Ruyi as the crown prince, but all the ministers firmly opposed it, so Gaozu had to suspend the proposal, but he still had the idea of ​​abolishing Liu Yingli and Ruyi in his heart.

Regarding this, Empress Lv, who loves power and position, was very disturbed and thought of good strategies repeatedly, but was at a loss.Someone suggested that Liuhou Zhang Liang was resourceful and might have a good idea, so Empress Lu asked Zhang Liang to plan this matter.Zhang Liang believed that Gao Zu respected the "Si Hao" (four respected elders) very much, and tried to invite them many times but failed. If they could be invited to assist the prince, the problem would be solved.Empress Lv followed the plan and invited Sihao, and the four of them really played a great role in assisting the prince.

In the 11th year of Gaozu's reign, Wang Yingbu of Huainan rebelled, and Sihao's design made Gaozu change his plan to let Liu Ying lead troops to suppress the rebellion, ensuring his safety.In the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu Pingding Yingbu returned to Chang'an, but he couldn't afford it due to injury and illness, and wanted to change the crown prince.At that time, Zhang Liangjin refused to listen to his remonstrance, and it was useless for Tai Fu Shusun Tong to fight with death remonstrance.In the end, it was Sihao who made Gaozu change his mind.There is a banquet.Emperor Gaozu ordered Emperor Liu Ying to accompany him, and when Liu Ying entered the table, he was accompanied by Si Hao, who was eighty years old. Liu Bang was shocked when he saw this, and felt that the crown prince was already full-fledged and could not be changed.Since then, he has never mentioned the matter of changing the crown prince.

On April 25th of that year, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang died of illness, and the 16-year-old crown prince Liu Ying succeeded to the throne as Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was governed by the great ancestor Liu Bang and a large number of talented advisers and officials, which laid a good foundation. Therefore, as long as the succeeding emperor can inherit the paternal system and perform his duties well, the country will be peaceful and the people will be safe.Emperor Hui Liu Ying did exactly that. The 7 years of Emperor Hui's reign was a period when the Western Han Dynasty was more consolidated.In order to restore and develop the economy, Emperor Hui vigorously promoted the policy of light corvee, low tax, and recuperation.At the beginning of his ascension to the throne, he issued an imperial edict to reduce rent and restore "fifteen taxes and one tax".Because it required a lot of money to pacify kings with different surnames and fight against the Xiongnu, Gaozu once levied land rent.By the time of Emperor Hui, the kings with different surnames were basically flattened, and the Xiongnu also remarried, so they resumed the fifteenth tax.This somewhat relieves the burden on farmers.In the fourth year of Emperor Hui (191 B.C.), Emperor Hui issued an edict that "those who raise the people's filial piety to the fields will be restored to their bodies", exempt those who work hard to cultivate the fields from corvee, and encourage farmers to cultivate the fields.At the same time, penalties were reduced and "provincial laws hinder officials and the people" in order to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers for production.In 189 BC, in order to make the population grow rapidly, Emperor Hui issued an edict: "Women over the age of 15 to 30 do not marry, five calculations." The Han Dynasty stipulated that adults over the age of 15 must pay population tax. 120 money is counted as one calculation, which is called "computing Fu".At this time, Emperor Hui stipulated that women should not marry from the age of 15 to 30, and pay the population tax five times. In fact, they were forced to marry and have children when they were 15 years old.This has done a lot to develop the population and revive the economy.In addition, Emperor Hui also ordered the "Law of Disciplining Merchants", abolishing the suppression policy adopted on merchants in the early Western Han Dynasty, and relaxing restrictions on merchants.

Emperor Hui also made major adjustments in terms of ideology and cultural policies.At that time, not only Huang-Lao thought had replaced Qin's Legalist thought to occupy a dominant position in politics, but also began to lift the ban on various thoughts.In the fourth year of Emperor Hui (191 BC), Emperor Hui abolished the "law of holding books". The "Law of Holding Books" was originally a decree promulgated by Qin Shihuang in the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (213 BC) when he ordered "burning books".At the beginning, due to the "Han inheriting the Qin system", this decree was still implemented.Emperor Hui abolished this decree, which freed the development of ideology and culture from certain restrictions, and private collections of books appeared one after another. In particular, Confucianism, which was suppressed in the Qin Dynasty, rose again, which laid the foundation for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to "exclusively respect Confucianism". Base.

In terms of diplomacy, Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty followed the example of Gaozu. In the third year of Emperor Hui, he took the daughter of the Han clan as a princess and continued to make peace with the Xiongnu Maodun Shanyu. In addition, there is another thing worthy of praise during Emperor Hui's reign, which is the construction of Chang'an City.After Gaozu adopted Lou Jing's suggestion to make Chang'an the capital, he began to build palaces in Chang'an, including Changle Palace and Weiyang Palace, but did not build the city wall.In order to make Chang'an more like a national capital, to show the strength of the Western Han Dynasty, and to protect the central institutions of the feudal dynasty more effectively, Emperor Hui began to build the city walls around Chang'an on a large scale.This project started in the first year of Emperor Huidi and was completed in the fifth year of Emperor Huidi. It was built five times.Among them, there are two relatively large buildings, one expropriating 146,000 people, and the other expropriating 145,000 people.After the completion of Chang'an City, the surrounding area was 65 li (measured as 25,100 meters), and it was the largest capital city in the world at that time, comparable only to the Roman city in Europe.There are 12 gates on all sides of Chang'an City, with three gates on each side. Among them, Xuanping Gate is the most important, and it was the most frequent gate at that time.And each city gate has three doorways: the left way is for exit, the right way is for entry, and the middle is "Chidao", which is exclusively used by the emperor.After the construction of the city wall was completed, the "West Market" was built in the city in the second year, and the largest granary in Qin Dynasty - "Ao Cang" was rebuilt.It can be said that the scale of Chang'an City in the Han Dynasty was basically completed during the time of Emperor Hui.

After Emperor Hui of the Han came to the throne, although he was respected by more than ten thousand people, and his life was free from ups and downs and panic, he was also depressed and unhappy, which was very unfortunate. When Emperor Hui was the crown prince, he did not marry a concubine because he was young.After succeeding to the throne, in the fourth year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (191 BC), Empress Lu made the decision to choose Queen Zhang.His wedding was very grand. According to historical records, 20,000 catties of gold were used for the hire only.But this is a very absurd marriage. Empress Zhang is the niece of Emperor Hui, and Empress Lu married her to Emperor Hui in order to increase her relatives.After Zhang was established as a queen, Empress Lu tried every means to let her have a child, but Zhang never became pregnant.Helpless, Empress Lu asked her to lie about her pregnancy, take the son of a beauty in the harem as her son, kill her biological mother, and make her the crown prince.After the death of Emperor Hui, this son became the emperor immediately, and was ruled by Empress Lu.In the eighth year of Empress Lu (180 BC), after the Lu rebellion was put down, Empress Zhang was abolished in the North Palace because of the party and the Lu family, and died in the first year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (163 BC).

After Emperor Hui came to the throne, he respected his mother, Empress Lu, as the empress dowager.At this time, he hoped that his mother could reconcile with his relatives, but Empress Lu failed to do what she wished, but intensified her harm to others.When Gaozu was alive, the concubines were lucky, but she was neglected, so they persecuted Gaozu's concubines vigorously.All the sons were crowned kings, except for the historical queen mother Bo Ji who was allowed to follow the king to join the vassal, and the other queen mothers were not allowed to follow the son.The massacre of the beloved concubine Mrs. Qi is even more heinous.She ordered Mrs. Qi to be imprisoned in Yongxiang, with her hair pulled out, wearing a shackle, and wearing a red prison uniform to pound rice.In order to cut the weeds and roots, she ordered Zhao Wang Ruyi to be lured to the capital and poisoned to death with medicine and wine.Then cut off Madam Qi's limbs, gouged out her eyes and smoked her ears, made her take medicine to make her dumb, and threw her in the toilet, called "human pig".What Empress Lu did made the "benevolent and weak" Emperor Hui strongly stimulated mentally.When he saw the so-called "human pig" and knew it was Mrs. Qi, he cried a lot and became ill for a year.In the seventh year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (188 BC), Emperor Hui, who had been on the throne for seven years, died young at the age of 22.After his death, he was buried in Anling Mausoleum (now Chang'an, Shaanxi).The posthumous title of "Xiaohui" emperor, posthumous title of "Xiao", because "a filial son is good at describing his father's aspirations", after Emperor Hui, except Emperor Guangwu who had the merit of "Zhongxing", the posthumous titles of other emperors in the Han Dynasty all had the word "filial piety"; Also "Posthumous Posthumous Law" said "softness and kindness to the people are called benefits".