Chapter 31 Chapter Thirty-One

Among the many emperors in Chinese history, there is one who can be called martial arts and martial arts, almost perfect.In terms of literature, he rectified the administration of officials, suppressed foreign relatives, developed the economy, and cared for the people; Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu. However, for hundreds of years, Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu has been suffering innocent injustice, and his injustice is deep enough to compete with the Mariana Trench (the deepest trench in the world, with a depth of 11,034 meters).If Emperor Guangwu knew it in the sky, he would definitely be sad and indignant, depressed, and suffer from deep depression like Leslie Cheung.

Speaking of Emperor Guangwu's unjust injustice, first of all, I would like to let everyone enjoy a few Beijing operas that are familiar to opera fans. The plot of "Going to the Terrace" is like this: Liu Xiu loves Concubine Guo. Qi tiezi went to the temple to plead guilty.Liu Xiu thought that Yao's father and son had contributed to the country, so he sent Yao Gang to Huguang lightly. He stayed in Yao to continue serving as an official in the court, and expressed his willingness to quit drinking.In order to avenge her father, Concubine Guo plans to get Liu Xiu drunk. After being drunk, Liu Xiu listens to Concubine Guo's slander and kills Yao Qi by mistake.

In "Strike the Gold Brick", after Yao Gang killed Grand Master Guo, Yao Qi tied his son and went to the hall to plead guilty. Liu Xiu was drunk, and sent an order to execute Yao Qiman's family immediately. It actually included Deng Yu, Cen Peng and other generals of Yuntai).Ma Wu broke into the harem with a gold brick in his hand and threatened to shoot Liu Xiu to death. Liu Xiu was forced to agree to pardon Yao Qi, but it was too late, Yao Qi was dead.Ma Wu committed suicide by hitting the top with a gold brick.After Liu Xiu woke up, she regretted so much that she came to the Taimiao Temple to cry and sacrifice. Because of the shock in her heart and the appearance of ghosts demanding her life, she died in the end.This play is called "Lanbi Palace" (because Ma Wu's facial makeup is mainly in blue), also known as "Twenty-Eight Mansions Returning to Heaven".

In the above two dramas, although the main characters Liu Xiu, Yao Qi, Ma Wu, Cen Peng, Du Mao, Deng Yu, etc. in the dramas are all real figures in history, the stories and personalities of the characters in the dramas are seriously inconsistent with history. So much so that it caused unjust, false and wrongly decided cases outside the drama, and let Liu Xiu, a generation of Mingjun and benevolent monarch, sink into the bottom of the sea with nowhere to tell. First of all, judging from historical records, it is not true that "love Concubine Guo".Liu Xiu had only three women in her life: Yin Lihua, Guo Shengtong and the "unfavored" Xu Meiren.And he only loves one woman in his life - Yin Lihua.When he saw Yin Lihua for the first time, he expressed the emotion of "marrying a wife should be Yin Lihua". He fought for a long time without a woman by his side.In 23 A.D., Liu Xiu finally fulfilled her long-cherished wish and married Yin Lihua. At this time, Liu Xiu was already 28 years old.Later, he married Guo Shengtong due to political reasons.After Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, he wanted to make Yin Lihua his queen, but Yin Lihua resolutely refused: "Don't forget the distress, and Guo Guiren has already given birth to a son." He had no choice but to make Guo Shengtong the queen.From then on, Liu Xiu took Yin Lihua with her every time she went out to fight, so as to minimize the chance of her beloved woman being scorned by the queen.In the end, Liu Xiu abolished Guo Shengtong and made the 40-year-old Yin Lihua his queen.In 56 AD, Liu Xiu died; in 65 AD, Yin Lihua died, and they were buried together in Liu Xiu's mausoleum.

Liu Xiu also pays special attention to control when dealing with relatives. For example, Queen Yin's brothers Yin Zhi and Yin Xing, although they have made contributions and talents, have never been entrusted with confidential and important positions, but only given more land.The foreign relatives at that time could abide by the law and discipline, and no one formed a party for personal gain or acted arbitrarily, so they all had a good death. What's even more rare is that Emperor Guangwu got along very well with the heroes, and he never suspected the heroes.Feng Yi, the most powerful assistant of Emperor Guangwu, was ordered to command a heavy army in the early years of Jianwu to guard Guanzhong alone.Someone posted a memorial saying that he "authoritarian Guanzhong, cut off Chang'an decree, had the most authority, and the people returned to his heart, so he was named 'Xianyang King'" ("Book of the Later Han·Feng Yizhuan").Emperor Guangwu asked someone to hand over the memorial to Feng Yi.Feng Yi was terrified and wrote a letter of apology.Emperor Guangwu's edict said: "The general is to the country, righteousness is the monarch and ministers, and the father and son are kind, so why suspect and fear?" He resisted the Guangwu Army and participated in the murder of Liu Yan.Emperor Guangwu sent someone to say to surrender him: "Those who do great things should not avoid small grievances. If you surrender today, you will be able to protect your rank." He was the Marquis, and later the Shaofu, which has been passed down for generations.Liu Xiu did the same to other ministers.

Why was Liu Xiu, a Ming emperor known as "Zhongxing" in history, accused of indiscriminate killing of heroes by later dramatists?This has to be discussed from the materials of several plays about Emperor Guangwu.The plays such as "Going to the Rooftop" and "Strike the Gold Brick" mentioned above are basically based on "Popular Romance of the Eastern Han Dynasty".This book was written by Xie Zhao, the owner of a bookshop in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a tyrant who was suspicious and murdered heroes. In the case of Hu Weiyong and Lan Yu alone, 40,000 people were killed because of their involvement, which aroused the dissatisfaction of honest people. dare not speak.After the mid-term, the legal network was a little sparse, and smart intellectuals adopted the technique of embedding flowers and plants, and compiled a romance novel with the famous emperor of the previous generation as the protagonist, so as to satirize reality.This approach can not only avoid the weaving of the text, but also vent the chest. Under the historical background at that time, it was a more ingenious way of expression that could be adopted.The two traditional dramas about distorting Liu Xiu were fabricated based on the stories of Romance and the play of the author.

Ladies and gentlemen, do you think Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu was wronged or not?