Chapter 20 Great Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China

On January 2, 1912, Sun Wen, the interim president of the Republic of China, sent a telegram to the provincial governors: "The Republic of China switched to the Gregorian calendar, and November 13, 4699 in the era of the Yellow Emperor was the New Year's Day of the first year of the Republic of China. The resolutions of the provincial delegations shall be promulgated by the President.” Almost all provinces switched to the Yellow Emperor era immediately after independence, but the calendar was still lunar.After the Nanjing Provisional Government was established, Sun Yat-sen insisted on abolishing the lunar calendar and using the Gregorian calendar.Changing Yuan Zhengshuo was originally a practice of changing dynasties.However, the switch to the "Western calendar" still caused great controversy.The superficial reason is probably that the lunar calendar has been used for two thousand years, so why change it lightly?Opponents say that the Western calendar "enters the great harmony of the world", and it is more in line with Xuanyuan Huangdi's principle of "taking the winter solstice as the beginning of the year".

There are more private talks.It is said that Sun Yat-sen himself was a Christian and was educated in the West, so he insisted on using the Western calendar; others doubted that the "Yellow Emperor Chronicle" was approved by Zhang Binglin, and Sun Huang's family strongly opposed it. Anyway, Sun Yat-sen claimed that if the new calendar was not used, he would stay in Shanghai and not go to Nanjing to take office.At this time, someone will naturally come out to mediate.However, the Chinese have always said that the name is just and sound, and the calendar is not a trivial matter.The stalemate remained unbroken until the last day of 1911.

On this day, the joint meeting of representatives of the provinces held a meeting to discuss the calendar. According to Wu Tiecheng's recollection, "it was not until late at night that the decision was made, that is, the prime minister was called back overnight."After Sun Yat-sen received the call, he set off immediately, but his special car "was greeted and sent off by local officials and troops in cities along the way", and it drove very slowly. When the group arrived in Nanjing, "it was already dark", and they always thought that the inauguration ceremony would be at least tomorrow .The interim presidential secretary Ren Hongjun fell asleep after dinner, and woke up early the next morning to find out that the inauguration ceremony of the president had already been held. ("Records of Nanjing Provisional Government and Others")

Sun Yat-sen obviously deliberately wanted to take office on January 1, in order to complete the symbolic meaning of the reform of the Republic of China.Therefore, despite the night, despite the exhaustion of the journey, he still insisted on holding the inauguration ceremony immediately.By the time representatives from all provinces gathered, it was already ten o'clock at night.Of course, the ceremony cannot be too long.The most regrettable thing is that Nanjing couldn't find a spotlight for a while, and the ceremony failed to leave a single photo. Putting aside the dispute over the calendar, such a major event as the creation of the Republic of China is still enough to make those involved inexplicably excited.In the dead of night, and there were not enough vehicles, "deputies walked from the Presidential Palace to the Old Consultative Bureau in the third archway in the middle of the night." The moon was very big that night. Some people took the lead in shouting slogans, the crowd cheered, and some representatives simply sang loudly. Many residents along the way were woken up by fright, and looked out through the cracks of the doors, thinking that there was another mutiny in Nanjing.

The inauguration ceremony was not known to the provinces, but the news of the change of yuan had already spread. On the morning of January 1, Ye Shengtao, a student from Suzhou Caoqiao Middle School, was about to attend class. Some students told him that he had switched to the Gregorian calendar. Everyone didn’t believe it (the government hadn’t announced it yet), so he sent a person to call the Suzhou military government. The answer said: "Yes, today is New Year's Day." The diary has also started to use the Gregorian calendar today." At this time, Sun Yat-sen's inauguration ceremony had not yet been held.

Ye Shengtao is an ardent supporter of the new government. On January 5, he cut off the braids for his father by himself. On January 8, Yuan Xiluo, supervisor of Suzhou Public Middle School, returned to Suzhou from Nanjing. Yuan was a representative of Jiangsu in the joint meeting of provincial representatives and a die-hard supporter of the Gregorian calendar.Teachers and students were very happy to meet each other. On January 9th, Ye Shengtao and his classmates took photos with Mr. Yuan. Everyone put on suits to show "salt and reform".Ye Shengtao's love for the new government was obviously influenced by Yuan Xiluo. After taking the photo, Ye bought a small portrait of Sun Yat-sen in the photo studio. "The printing materials are very exquisite."

It is a pity that there is no time to celebrate New Year's Day. Ye Shengtao and his classmates decided to celebrate the "First Lantern Festival".After several days of preparation, on January 15th, colorful lights were hung all over the school, and the flagpoles were erected high. Lanterns and national flags, and the poplar tree area in front of the gate are also hung with ropes."Not only Caoqiao Middle School, but also the city of Suzhou is lit up with lights on this day, "it's like a city that never sleeps." After carrying out the patrol with the lights, the students set off fireworks in front of the school gate as usual. "The sound of wild laughter and clapping hands echoes the sound", looking back on the way back, there are still red lights flashing at the front of every house.

For Ye Shengtao, the first month of the first year of the Republic of China was full of happy events. On January 28, Ye Shengtao officially graduated from Caoqiao Middle School and became a social person.Originally, he was quite worried about getting a job, but after Yuan Xiluo's solemn introduction, Wu Nashi, the director of education in Suzhou, hired Ye Shengtao as the teacher of the third elementary school in Suzhou Central District.Ye Shengtao's family is not well-off, and with this teaching position, his family's difficulties can be relieved a lot. At the same time, Ye Shengtao joined the Socialist Party of China together with Gu Jiegang and other friends.The political party founded by Jiang Kanghu has developed rapidly. The Suzhou branch was established on January 14, and more than 300 party members have been recruited in early February.The Socialist Party of China advocates "socialism," and its party program states "in favor of a republic," "melting racial boundaries," "improving the law," and "popularizing education for the common people." Ye Shengtao and the others think they believe in "anarchism."

Ye Shengtao, Gu Jiegang, Wang Boxiang and other friends "studied socialism" together. When he attended the wedding of a friend of Wang Boxiang, a congratulatory letter sent by Ye Shengtao was spotted by a lady on the spot. Ye Shengtao.This is really another good thing brought about by the revolution. Compared with Ye Shengtao, who is proud of the spring breeze, Wu Mi's life is not easy for the same eighteen-year-old young man.It has been two months since he escaped from Beijing to Shanghai.Tsinghua has no hope of returning to school, and with the development of the situation, it seems to be more and more hopeless-the capital has been changed, will Boxer indemnity continue to be invested in Haidian Town in Beijing?

Since there is little hope of returning to Tsinghua University, studies must continue.Wu Mi thought over and over again, and finally decided to apply for the St. John's School in Fanwangdu, Shanghai, together with several fellow villagers.This is a church-run school, which is relatively stable, and the courses it learns are easier to connect with Tsinghua University. On January 29th, Wu Mi and his fellow countrymen went for a stroll in Huangpu Beach. When they returned to their apartment in the afternoon, it snowed heavily, and the flakes were scattered. The coldness in the south made Wu Mi, a young man in the north, not used to it.At three o'clock that night, a fire broke out in the Fu Kangli across the street, and it quickly spread to six or seven houses.Wu Mi, who lived in her uncle's house, braved the cold after the snow, and stood at the entrance of the alley with her clothes on to watch the fire. "When the fire is on, the residents howl, and the police officers run. The fire reflects the water vapor, and the sky is red and shining, and sparks are everywhere. When the house is burning or falling down, there will be the sound of chopping, clapping and shocking again and again." Wu Mi I can't help feeling in my diary: Although I couldn't witness the fire when Feng Guozhang invaded Hankou, I can imagine the tragedy when I saw this small fire.

In the early morning of the next day, Wu Mi went to watch the fire again. The embers from the fire and the water from the melted snow mixed together and flowed all over the street.The family caught in the fire stood in the cold outdoors, guarding what was left of them, with disheveled clothes and dejected faces.I heard that most of these residents moved from Nanjing to avoid the siege of the coalition forces... Shaanxi, Wu Mi's hometown, is also in dire straits at this time.Shengyun in Gansu is still violently attacking eastward, and "Shishi Xinbao" even reported that Xi'an has been captured.Shaanxi has repeatedly been in a hurry.Shaanxi businessmen in Shanghai gathered in Yipinxiang and other places for days to plan to set up a rescue team and a transportation team.Uncle Yu Youren of Minli Newspaper and Wu Jianyin, Wu Mi's biological father, both participated in it. It's not Wu Mi's turn to care about these matters.His top priority is to take the exam. On February 5th, he will start at four o'clock, leave at half past six, and enter the examination room at eight o'clock.To Wu's surprise, the English and Chinese exam questions were quite simple.I also met three Tsinghua students in the examination room - it seems that everyone is very pessimistic about the future of Tsinghua.It's a pity that Wu Mi was so nervous that he even forgot to ask for their addresses, otherwise he could have contacted them and hugged each other to keep warm. Two days later, the admission list of St. John's College was published in Min Li Bao, and both Wu Mi and Tsinghua students were selected.The next step was to accompany my cousin Hu Zhonghou, who had not passed the entrance examination to St. John’s, to apply for the Myron Academy. Five or six days later, I went to the Minli Newspaper Office to visit my father several times. Uncle Yu Youren, everyone recommended Wu Jianyin to go to Nanjing to explain the situation to Uncle Yu in order to find a countermeasure. After staying until February 12, I finally saw my father.Wu Jianyin told Wu Mi that there is no need to worry about St. John's tuition, and the Shaanxi business will send money.Wu Mi hoped to have a long talk with his father, but Wu Jianyin was busy sending the "Yujin Qinlong Red Cross Society" to the northwest battlefield by boat, so he could only nod to Wu Mi: "Let's talk another day, let's talk another day." On February 13, it rained heavily in Shanghai.Wu Mi, who had been feeling unwell for several days, "sat in the building, very lonely, and had no way to entertain herself", and finally fell ill.I took a few Rendan pills, but it didn't seem to work.Moreover, the winter in Shanghai is really uncomfortable, Wu Mi's mouth is frozen and cracked, she can't open her mouth, eating and talking is very hard, "all kinds of interactions make me feel melancholy".The abdication of the Qing emperor yesterday and Sun Yat-sen's resignation today are probably not included in this "sorrow". The Shanghai guest who pays close attention to the major events of the transfer of power is Zheng Xiaoxu, who has long been a self-proclaimed "old man of the Qing Dynasty".His diary naturally insists on not using the Gregorian calendar, but he is in Shanghai, so he is much more sensitive to the new calendar. On January 1, 1912, Zheng Xiaoxu wrote in his diary: "Today is New Year's Day in 1912 in the Western calendar. If the imperial court wants to switch to the Gregorian calendar, it should be announced today. I heard that Xiangcheng had this intention, but it can't be used. What a pity!" What he "regrets" is the struggle between the North and the South, not the overall situation, but personal grievances.In Zheng Xiaoxu's view, "The imperial court issued the nineteen oaths the day before yesterday. The power rests with the National Assembly, and political reform is indisputable. Today, the Revolutionary Party wants to overthrow the royal family, and the Qing officials want to preserve the royal family. In fact, the royal family has become a false name. What is being contested is the grievances and grievances towards the royal family, which has nothing to do with reform politics. If we fight over this, we will be in chaos and perish.” Zheng Xiaoxu felt that before the peace talks between the North and the South were successful, the Nanjing side convened a parliament to determine the political system in an attempt to force the Beijing government to submit, and thought it was a trick, which was really stupid and ridiculous. "What if the government also gathers a parliament in Beijing to determine the monarchy and promulgate it?" Moreover, "there are only seventeen people in the election of the president this time. Sun Wen got sixteen votes and Huang Xing got one vote. Claiming to be a national public election is really ridiculous to kill people." On January 14, Zheng Xiaoxu remembered his old friend Duanfang in his diary.Duanfang called twice that day, begging Zheng Xiaoxu to go to Sichuan with him, but Zheng Xiaoxu firmly refused.If the yin and yang are on different paths, you will inevitably think: If I go there that day, will Duan Taozhai not die?Now that I think about it, there are two ways: first, before starting from Wuchang, please enter the capital first, claiming to play a secret strategy, and immediately set off northward after the telegram is sent, and then try to delay it when you arrive in Beijing. Ping, even Sichuan may not have to go again, this is the best policy; second, after entering Sichuan, garrison Chongqing, the Wuchang new army is unstable, let them go directly to Chengdu to quell the chaos, and then transfer troops from Shaanxi and Guizhou to protect, even if It was too late, and the new army in Chongqing was also unreliable. At least during the mutiny, they could escape into the consular office of a certain country without being killed.Zheng Xiaoxu thought about it for a while, and felt that Duanfang was known as a capable minister, but his wisdom was not enough to save himself. No wonder the Qing Dynasty was about to collapse... These words were just in his diary, and to the outside world, whether it was contacted by people from Nanjing or the Shanghai Consulate's opposition to Chen Qimei, Zheng Xiaoxu did not participate, saying that "there has been no movement for a long time, and he is really neutral." From January 1st to February 12th, there are two regimes and two sets of calendars in China, and it is also at the crossroads of "war" and "peace".This intertwined time has left different marks in everyone's heart. Zheng Xiaoxu hoped that the peace talks between the North and the South would be successful, but the Congress must be held in Beijing, otherwise "the people in the south are afraid of the intimidation of the Revolutionary Party, and they will not be able to make up their minds." The so-called mind is a constitutional monarchy.Zheng Xiaoxu quoted a comment from "Continent News": Although the United States is called a republic, it is close to a constitutional autocracy. The power of the president is very similar to that of the British king in the past. On the contrary, in today's Britain, "although it is called a constitutional monarchy, it actually has the most republican spirit." Wu Mi also supports peace talks between the North and the South, because his hometown of Shaanxi is undergoing a tug-of-war between the old and the new.Even if you can't go back to Tsinghua University, you can still study hard in Shanghai. Ye Shengtao is the most radical.He agreed with the "Tianduo Daily"'s move to initiate the State Affairs Correction Committee, and believed that even the "preferential treatment of the house-clearing conditions" was unnecessary: ​​"In the Republic of China, everyone was equal, and there was no one who surpassed. Since the Qing emperor abdicated, only He is among the ranks of the common people; since the common people are equal, why is it called preferential treatment? Preferential treatment is unequal." "In terms of advancement, whose position is called 'inferior'? It must be treated inferiorly, just as it was ordered by the Qing court. It is ordered. Therefore, it is the best thing for him to go when he sees the opportunity; if he does not go by himself, the Northern Expeditionary Army will be there, and he will go if he is willing to go, and he will go if he is not willing to go." (Diary, February 13) Refuse to let bit, then fight! In our impression, the white-bearded old man who presided over the language reform and wrote fairy tales was really young at that time. On November 24th, the third year of Xuantong, Tang Zaili, the military officer of the bodyguard, received a notification from the cabinet secretariat: tomorrow morning, the ministers of state affairs of the guards will go to the Qianqing Palace to participate in the ceremony of accepting the emperor's abdication edict. On November 25th, that is, February 12th in the Gregorian calendar, at dawn, Tang Zaili, together with the other three guards and military officers, entered Donghua Gate and rushed to Qianqing Palace.I saw that the guards outside the Donghua Gate were heavily guarded, "It looks like something important has happened."Later, I heard that the ministers were very worried, afraid that a few sectarian parties would break out and fight desperately. The "Zongshe party" was very popular in Beijing, and it was said that even Yuan Gongbao couldn't control them. On the corridor at the southeast corner of the palace gate of the Qianqing Palace, all the ministers of state had arrived. Since Yuan Shikai was bombed on January 16, he said he was ill and would not go to court, and the cabinet handed over to Hu Weide to lead him.Among the ten ministers of state, the Manchus had Shaoying, Minister of Duzhi, Xiyan, Minister of Industry, Agriculture and Commerce, and Dashou, Minister of Lifan. Minister Shen Jiaben, Minister of Posts and Communications Liang Shiyi.In the Hall of Mental Cultivation, there are only ten ministers wearing robes and hats, and four military officers in military uniforms and sabers. Not long after, someone said, "The Empress Dowager is going to the palace." Everyone walked into the palace in order. The ministers walked to a place one foot away from the throne, facing the throne, and lined up in a row.Four aide-de-camps stood behind them. Two eunuchs came out and stood on both sides, like banners in Peking Opera.Empress Dowager Longyu appeared with the little emperor.Tang Zaili also didn't care about his beauty, he looked between the shoulders of the two ministers, and took a good look at the little emperor.He later wrote: "Puyi was born very handsome, but it seems that although the heaven is still full, the mouth and nose are close together, and the chin is sharp. I thought to myself: 'This little emperor is not a good fortune after all.'" Great Events I Have Experienced") Tang Zaili had the opportunity to take a closer look at the little emperor, and even thought of such treachery, it was all because the ministers did not kneel down three times and kowtow nine times that day, but only bowed three times to the emperor and the queen mother led by Hu Weide—this was discussed for a long time. It was settled, so Longyu was not surprised, Xuantong might be a little strange, but he didn't say anything. After Longyu was seated, he naturally had a planned conversation with Hu Weide.Longyu’s general idea is consistent with the abdication edict, that is, he hopes that the people of the whole country will be settled sooner, the country will be unified sooner, and there will be no wars in a peaceful life. Therefore, “I will hand over the power of the country according to the terms of the peace negotiation, and hand it over to Yuan Shikai to run the republic. government".Hu Weide hurriedly said a few words of comfort, saying, "The Empress Dowager is wise and enlightened, she takes care of the royal family and the common people", "From now on, this world will be a peaceful world for everyone. I pray that the Empress Dowager will take care of you, and the Empress Dowager will rest assured." What a good face. It is said that at this time there were still some people outside the palace who wanted to stop the release of the imperial edict, so they were naturally stopped.The Empress Dowager Longyu has been terrified by Yuan Shikai, Xiao De Zhang and others these days. She has heard a lot of stories about Louis XVI's family going to the guillotine. I will see them again on this matter, so as not to delay it again." Once the seal is used, the deal is done, and it is useless to oppose it. Even so, the abdication edict was still not done by Longyu himself.It wasn't that she was afraid that she would be overwhelmed by grief and lack of strength, but that some people worried that the queen mother would follow the example of the emperor of Han Yuan and force the palace to drop the jade seal in the face of Wang Mang, so a special seal official was set up.In fact, how could Longyu have such courage?But it also reflects that everyone subconsciously feels that today's incident is very similar to the end of the Western Han Dynasty. Because the edict stated that "Yuan Shikai has full authority to organize a provisional republican government", after retiring from the court, the ten ministers went straight to the Diplomatic Building in Lord Shi's Hutong.Yuan Shikai had already been waiting there, and the diplomatic building was heavily guarded today, even more heavily guarded than the imperial palace.Inside, there was a big bill case, and in the middle of the bill case was a large red sandalwood-carved poster frame.There were many people inside and outside the building, but there was no sound. The ten ministers stood at the top, and Yuan Shikai stood at the bottom.Yuan Shikai bowed deeply, and Hu Weide handed over the edict.Yuan Shikai didn't read it out, but put it on the post shelf.Hu and Yuan talked for a few words, and the ceremony ended.That night, Yuan Shikai cut his braids in the Foreign Affairs Building. It is said that "Yuan himself kept laughing while he was cutting, and he was unusually happy during the conversation." This seemed to be the only time in Yuan's life that he showed such emotion. The next day, various newspapers published the full text of the edict.The Police Department wrote the edict of abdication on yellow paper and placed it on a plaque outside Tiananmen Square for people to see.In the last few days of the Xinhai Year, the three halls and the Sheji Altar in the imperial city were open to the public, and anyone was allowed to visit, no tickets were charged.However, there are many people who visit the Sheji Temple, but few people enter the imperial city to open their eyes. The dragon flags were all put away.People in Beijing don't know what it means to abdicate, but at least there is no war anymore, and the new year is coming soon. After four months of gloom and mist, they forcefully squeezed out a little bit of joy. OK As if there was a connection between heaven and man, on February 12th, the weather in Shanghai was "suddenly warm and very springy". The edict of abdication was drafted by the northern and southern governments.The northern part was disclosed in a newspaper a few days ago. At the beginning, it said that since the Wuchang Change, the imperial court has bowed to the people's request and promulgated the "Nineteen Creeds", "handing over all power to the ministers of state", which has already shown that the imperial court " The heart of not being selfish to the throne".But now the situation is critical. "If Xu waits for the convening of the National Assembly, I am afraid that the war will be prolonged and the overall situation will be difficult to support." The power of the Prime Minister is "not enough to control the country internally, and not enough to manage diplomacy externally", so the name of the Prime Minister is cancelled. Changed to the Grand President, "All political power is presided over by the Grand President, and the Grand President is elected by the people." The draft of the imperial edict emphasized: "The dignity of the emperor, except for the removal of power, is not much different from the previous "Nineteen Creeds"", and then "specially ordered Yuan Shikai to organize a temporary unified government with the northern and southern officials and gentry to eliminate chaos." .Finally, he said, "All our soldiers and civilians, etc., must know that the imperial court's move is purely for the benefit of the country and the people. For the sake of maintaining law and order, everything is as it was before. Don't listen to rumors, which will cause disturbances." This draft of the imperial edict can be described by a proverb, which is called "the donkey will not fall down", and it is also called "the duck still has its mouth when it is dead".It is conceivable that such a condescending attitude is unlikely to be accepted by the South.How could people in the Qing court not know this?So they finally adopted the imperial edict drawn up by Zhang Jian in the south, but added "that is, Yuan Shikai has full authority to organize a provisional republican government."Some people say that this sentence was added by Yuan Shikai, while others say it was the idea of ​​Empress Dowager Longyu.From the perspective of the Qing court, handing over power to a minister is more secure and decent than handing over to a rebellious party like "Sun Wen". Zheng Xiaoxu did not copy the edict of abdication in his diary until the New Year's Eve of the Xinhai Year (February 17).Before the edict, he wrote: "The north is a rebellious minister, and the south is a thief, and the world will not perish!" After copying, he cursed all the ministers listed in the edict: "Bringing a name to violate righteousness, and losing one's conscience, this is a jackal and dog." How can the pig's race ears be listed among the human beings in the world! Mencius said: "The upper class is rude, the lower class is uneducated, and the people are prosperous." Today's saying is also." The Shanghai New Year's Eve of 1911 seemed to be more lively than the capital.Amidst the sound of firecrackers filling the sky, Zheng Xiaoxu wrote: "So the 268th year of the Qing Dynasty will end on this evening." Did he ever think that one day he would go against the sky and revive the Qing Dynasty?Perhaps even Zheng Xiaoxu never dreamed that twenty years later, he would stand next to the six-year-old child in the Forbidden City today and serve as the "first prime minister of Manchukuo." At this time, the young Wu Mi was standing on the main road in Shanghai, looking at the bright lights, listening to the loud music, "Recalling last year and today's eve, the situation is really unquestionable" - Last New Year's Eve, Wu Mi went to Beijing with his father to take the Tsinghua Academy, He was blocked in Henan Province by heavy snow and lived in Tai'an Inn.Listening to the comments of the guests in the inn, some said that the Beijing-China plague was prevalent, and the Beijing-Fengzhou Railway had been suspended. Some people talked about Tsinghua Garden, which was more than 20 miles away from the city, close to the Summer Palace, with beautiful scenery, and Wu Mi, who had never left his hometown. My heart is up and down.The snow on the road was so thick that there was nowhere to go. The people on the street had already replaced their door couplets. At night, the sound of firecrackers was loud, "smacking and shooting are disgusting." Compared with the turmoil and ups and downs of the previous year, the New Year's Eve of the old year was "really unquestionable". Ye Shengtao felt nothing on New Year's Eve of the old year.He is immersed in the disappointment and resentment of "Yuan Shikai's appointment as interim president". "I don't know how it is possible for an autocratic devil to be the president of the republic! The revolution in full swing, the heroic and fearless revolutionaries, raise the flag of freedom, mobilize the national army, blood flies, and the city burns. He negotiated a peace with Yuan Shikai and became president for Yuan Shikai! Alas, my hopefuls have been disappointed!" Well, for Mr. Ye, no, it is now Mr. Ye from the elementary school. In Mr. Ye's mind, the Revolution of 1911 was a failure. For a whole month, he discussed "anarchism" with Gu Jiegang and other friends, and decided that "the behavior of the government will definitely not benefit us."As if to confirm his point of view, on March 27, a mutiny broke out in Suzhou, and the army looted with guns, "looting all the shops and houses on Changmen Road, Shangtang Street, Xiatang Street, Shantang Street, and Nanhao Street... ...After the looting, set fires everywhere, and the burning continued all night."Of course, this mutiny was not as politically significant as the Cao Kun mutiny in Beijing on February 29, but it was enough to dampen ordinary people's yearning for "the world will be peaceful from now on."Ye Shengtao wrote: "What touches my eyes and ears is nothing but the bad news of this ruthless world. I am an enthusiastic person, but I want to be world-weary." This sentiment of world-weariness will continue to be suppressed in the next few years. Many people's hearts. Perhaps, let Tang Zaili, the last military attache of the Qing Dynasty, say: "Many people only know about the 'Republic', but no one knows how this republic shares the law, how to establish a new situation, and what the new situation will be like."