Chapter 17 Chen Sheng turned into Jing Ke

Just as the military government of the Republic of China said in the "Respect to the Fathers and Elders of Anhui Province": "Anhui Province holds the rush to the southeast and is the throat of Wu and Chu. , and in the Qing Dynasty, there was Tongcheng in literature, the Huai army in Wu, and the influence of Anhui people on the four frontiers. In addition, the "civilian revolution" can be traced back to Chen Sheng and Wu Guang; example.In terms of geography and humanities, Anhui is a must-see for those interested in the world. The Anhui revolution in the late Qing Dynasty was somewhat different from other provinces.Many heroes from Anhui went to other places to do shocking deeds. For example, Wan Fuhua of Hefei assassinated Wang Zhichun, governor of Guangxi in Shanghai, Wu Yue of Tongcheng assassinated the five foreign ministers in Beijing, Sun Yuyun of Shouzhou assassinated Duanfang, governor of Liangjiang in Nanjing, and Ni Bingzhang of Hefei assassinated Guangzhou launched the Yantang Uprising, Hefei Fan Hongxian organized the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Allied Forces in Jiangsu, Xiuning Cheng Jiayu went undercover in the capital's Prince Su's Mansion... Which one is not a major event in the history of revolution?

Conversely, there were many outsiders among the promoters of the revolution in Anhui Province.Now I want to talk, the first one is Xu Xilin, no one does not know him.There is also Han Yan, few people know him now. Why did Xu Xilin go to Anhui? In August of the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Xu Xilin, deputy supervisor of Shaoxing Prefecture School, joined hands with Tao Chengzhang, Gong Baoquan and others to establish Datong School.It seems logical: the year before, the imperial court approved private schools all over the country. Xu Xilin, as the education director of a prefecture, founded Datong School, which can be regarded as a response to the government's call. What's more, he had already established "Dongpu Zecheng Primary School" last year, and planned "Vietnamese School". County public school", although it has not been completed, it shows that this member is enthusiastic about education, which is worthy of commendation.

The inside is not the case.According to Tao Chengzhang's "Zhejiang Case Records", "The original intention of Xilin to open Datong School was to rob the bank and hide it." Because of insufficient technical force, "the comrades have no driving skills" (and neither To know how they originally planned to rob the bank, you need a master of driving skills).Since it was impossible to build a den, Xu Xilin wanted to kill the net, and "wanted to gather Shaoxing city officials, big and small, to kill them all on the first day of school, because of the uprising."

He asked Tao Chengzhang to help him notify the party members in various prefectures in Zhejiang to respond at the same time.Although Tao Chengzhang is known as "Huan Bandit" and is as famous as Wang Jinfa, he is not so passionate.He urged Xu Xilin to say: Zhejiang is not an "important place" and has insufficient radiation impact on surrounding areas. "If you want to start an incident in Zhejiang, you must first go to Anhui and disturb Nanjing by assassination." Xu Xilin followed Tao Chengzhang's suggestion and changed Datong School into Datong Normal School to train talents temporarily.Presumably, during the discussion between the two, the idea of ​​going to Anhui—assassination—rebellion—attracting Nanjing’s attention—and Zhejiang’s response at the same time has already taken shape.

Xu Xilin is a typical man of action.Once a plan was made, he immediately left the Datong Academy, which had just started, and focused on planning how to go to Anhui to revolt.Everyone discussed that it would be best to enter the army and take control of the military, so that they could "perform the two methods of central revolution and raiding important towns, thinking that they will destroy the nest and overthrow the nest."This idea is the same as Wu Luzhen's, but Wu Luzhen himself is a Japanese military cadet, and his classmate Yinchang has already reached the high position of deputy capital commander, while these Shaoxing people are all white men.Among the members of Datong Academy, Xu Xilin is the oldest, who is thirty-three years old, and Tao Chengzhang is also twenty-seven years old.However, Xu Xilin said, "It doesn't matter." He found a wealthy businessman, Xu Zhongqing, who donated 50,000 taels of silver, and donated officials to the five comrades of the Restoration Society. Same knowledge.

Donating this official is not to "refer to the province's alternate", that is too slow to be appointed, and it will not be able to enter the army.They donated officials so that Zhejiang governor Shoushan could send them to Japan to study the army, because the imperial court paid great attention to overseas students at that time, and the National People's Congress who came back from Japan could be reused.To achieve this goal, official titles alone are useless, so Xu Xilin went to ask his in-laws, the former governor of Hunan, Yu Liansan.He agreed to help Yu take up the post of general manager of Zhejiang Railway.Yu Lian-san really tried his best to help them. Not only did he help them persuade Shoushan to approve the five people to go to Japan to study the army, but he also wrote a letter to Yang Shuxin, the Minister in Japan, to ask for it.

According to Xu Xilin and Tao Chengzhang's intention, the group of five and their accompanying confidants such as Chen Boping and Ma Zonghan are all going to Japan, and Datong School might as well be closed, so as not to cause a big blow.Zhu Shaokang and others in Shengxian County felt that it would not be a bad idea to stay in this school to attract people with lofty ideals.Xu Xilin also let them go, anyway, he only wanted to go to Anhui to make troubles after returning to China. The trip to Japan did not go well.Wang Kemin, the supervisor of the army’s overseas students, did not think that this group of people looked like overseas students—one was old, and the other was that their manners were too rustic. See Lu Xun, the author called them “these bird men”—so he stopped They entered Zhenwu School, an army preparatory school.Xu Xilin then sent a telegram to Yu Liansan, and Yu Liansan also telegraphed Zhejiang, asking the governor to call the Minister in Japan to prove that they were students at public expense.Wang Kemin made a fuss about the physical examination again, but five of them were unqualified, especially Xu Xilin, who was very short-sighted.

what to do?Four people including Tao Chengzhang decided to stay and study law and politics or police affairs (Tao Chengzhang did not seem to have entered any specialized school, and later the Qing court wanted him to "learn Japanese hypnotism", which is also very strange).It's not that Xu Xilin doesn't want to stay, but his eyes are too short-sighted and he's too old, who would take him?Still want to go home.Before leaving, the two brothers from the Restoration Society had another discussion.Xu Xilin believes that military power is not available, and it is not bad to have police power.Tao Chengzhang believes that either directly command the army, or engage in group assassination.The two talked and argued, but they didn't come to a result.

Xu Xilin's temperament can be called decisive or impatient.Later, the revolutionary comrades wrote a biography for him, mentioning two things. One was that he was close to Ping Changsheng, the elder brother of his family when he was young, and both of them liked to learn martial arts.One night, the two saw a monk passing by the door. Ping Changsheng said to Xu Xilin, "This monk must be capable. Look at him walking alone late at night, and no one dares to bully him. Maybe he will fly over the wall!"Xu Xilin immediately thought of the stories about monks in Shaolin Temple that he had heard on weekdays, and when he got up, he chased after the monk and wanted to worship him as his teacher.The family members found out that Xu Xiaoguan was missing the next day, and sent people to look for him. They chased him all the way to Xiaoshan and found him back.

Another incident is that the Russian army occupied Fengtian in 1904. When Xu Xilin heard about it, he burst into tears. He set up a target at home, painted it in the shape of a Russian soldier, and shot it dozens of times every day with a short blunderbuss. The projectiles flew across the room, sometimes rebounding. When he came over and hit Xu Xilin on the shoulder, he didn't change his face, and he actually developed a good marksmanship.His temperament, Tao Chengzhang called it "a strong temperament, and everything he does is extremist." Xu Xilin raised funds to donate officials, used Yu Liansan's relationship, went to Japan to study, returned to China as a substitute, and spent a lot of money, of course not just to assassinate an Anhui governor.In his confession after his arrest, he said, "I have planned to wait for more than ten years, and today I have achieved my goal. I planned to kill Tieliang, Duanfang, and Liangbi again to avenge the Han people." Confidentially, as in the confession, "there are many revolutionary parties, but I am the only one in Anqing", but I don't want to implicate others.

The forged letter "Sun Yat-sen to Xu Xilin" written by later generations stated that "the province of Anhui is actually the southern province, and Wuchang is the gateway. Waiting for a glimpse of Jinling, the Yangtze River area can be cut off and there is also." In fact, it can be regarded as people's speculation about Xu Xilin's move into Anhui, and Tao Chengzhang's plan for Xu Xilin in Shaoxing is roughly similar (this letter was found in Anhui. If the archives of the governor’s yamen were forged by Qing officials, it is likely to reverse the intention of the Revolutionary Party). At the end of 1907, "New Century" No. 14 published "Xu and Qiu Er Jun Shi Lue", which also said that "the king has accumulated ambitions for a long time, and took a roundabout way, but killing En Ming alone is not the king's original intention". In short, when Xu Xilin entered Anhui officialdom, he was playing a big game of chess, focusing on the change of hands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.This is also the consistent stand of the Restoration Council.However, Xu Xilin's series of actions after returning to China are very strange.On the one hand, he is indeed trying his best to realize the plan of entering Anhui, such as going to Beijing in June, and changing the province to distribute introductions to Anhui. Maybe you can get it”, he also asked a friend in Japan to learn how to make paper money, in case the uprising will succeed in issuing military bills in the future, it is not easy to be faked. On the other hand, Xu Xilin had many different actions. For example, in the same June, he ran to Baoding again, trying to assassinate Tie Liang, the minister of military training. When he failed, he went to Tianjin again, intending to assassinate Yuan Shikai, the governor of Zhili. Yuan Shikai "suspiciously refused to see him." .Didn't Xu Xilin know that once these two assassinations were launched, no matter whether they succeeded or not, the long-planned plan to enter Anhui would come to naught? What's even more strange is that Xu Xilin visited Yu Liansan in Wuhan in August, and talked with him about opening a newspaper in Beijing, inviting someone to be the chief editor, and wrote a letter to a friend, saying that he planned to organize a reclamation company in Fengtian, "putting soldiers in the farm "The capital needs to be 300,000 to 1 million.If these actions are all to confuse the outside world and cover up his purpose of entering Anhui, then Xu Xilin went to Hangzhou in November to meet Zhejiang Governor Zhang Zengsui, obviously he also had bad intentions. Why not ask Zhang Zengshu to take care of him?However, Zhang Zengzhi had the same reaction as Yuan Shikai, "I doubt it, but I refuse to see it." Xu Xilin repeatedly plotted to assassinate officials of the Qing court, and then set off for Anqing to take office.But his behavior did not look like he was going to Anqing to seize military power and counterattack Jiangsu and Zhejiang.According to Lu Gongwang’s recollection, when Xu Xilin bid farewell to the friends of the Restoration Society at Baiyun Nunnery in Hangzhou, he said: “The French Revolution was only established in the 80th year, and I don’t know how much blood was shed during it. In the initial stage of the revolution in our country, we should not hesitate to shed blood to irrigate the flowers of the revolution. It’s true. I went to Anhui this time to prepare for bloodshed, and you must not think it miserable and hold back the idea of ​​shrinking.” ("Records of the Restoration of Zhejiang in the Revolution of 1911") Xu Xilin went to Anqing, and Enming was entrusted with the post of the general secretary of the Army Primary School.This happened in November of the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906).In the new year, in February of the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, Xu Xilin sent his wife Xu Zhenhan back to his hometown in Shaoxing.Tao Chengzhang later explained that Xu did this because he "doesn't earn more than tens of gold a month" and couldn't afford to support his wife and children.But most of the descendants think that he is preparing for the assassination of Enming, and has already made up his mind to die. Tao Chengzhang recorded that Xu Xilin was very unsatisfactory at the beginning of Anqing. He had never learned the official etiquette. Shaoxing Tuyin", talking to the New Army brothers like chickens and ducks, will not be as effective as in the Eastern Zhejiang Liaison Party.As a result, Xu Xilin was depressed, "thinking about returning to Zhejiang many times", and his fellow villagers in Anhui advised him not to worry. The key is that Zhang Zengshu refused to see him last time. Fortunately or unfortunately, the in-law Yu Liansan extended a helping hand at this time.Yu Liansan has a teacher-student relationship with Wanfu Enming, and his predecessor, Zhefu Shoushan, is Enming's brother-in-law. Therefore, at the request of Yu Liansan's letter "to make more use of the work", Enming reassigned Xu Xilin to run the Patrol Association, and awarded the Army School The supervisor also invited the court to add Xu Xilin's second-rank title. The so-called "private favor" is indeed not unreasonable. Xu Xilin's sudden rise to popularity is inevitably taboo in Anhui official circles.Then someone said bad things about Xu in front of En Ming, probably because he misbehaved in the village, he had stayed in Japan, and he had to guard against it.Given the joint relationship between Enming and Xu Xilin, Xu Xilin shouldn't be suspicious of Xu, but Xu Xilin's aggressive and fractious behavior is not like an official. Otherwise, why would Yuan Shikai doubt him, and Zhang Zengsu also doubt him?After Shishan died violently in Anhui, Xu Xilin tried to be promoted to this position, but En Ming did not agree. This lays a hidden danger.Xu Xilin was planning an uprising, and the only force he could use at this time was the 300 students from the Patrol Academy.These cadets are no more than teenage students in the Army Primary School, they are all adults, and each is equipped with a nine-shot Mauser, which can be regarded as an armed force.However, Xu Xilin is only the general manager of the Police Academy, which is equivalent to the executive vice-principal. The "supervisor" of the school, that is, the principal, is usually held by a Taiwanese.In the army and police in the late Qing Dynasty, the immediate superior was the most authoritative, and it was quite difficult for Xu Xilin to get the trainees to obey him because of his deputy.Xu Xilin confessed that he swore to kill En Ming and Yu Xiu as well, that's why. In the later records and memories, there are actually two Xu Xilins. One is far-sighted and intends to use Anhui as an important place to do something big. He often invites teachers and students on Sundays to ride horses for outings and spy on Anqing's geography secretly. The situation, in order to make a big move.On the one hand, he secretly published a wooden seal letter, which read "The Seal of the Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary New Army of Jianghui and Anhui", and printed thousands of anti-Qing proclamations, "in the early stage secretly liaised with Japanese students, the Nanyang Revolutionary Party and the inland Ningwan Party." There are sixty-one and sixty-two troops in the Anqing garrison, the sixty-one are Han Chinese, and the sixty-two are banner people.Xu Xilin mainly promoted and agitated in the 61st standard, "I often invite us battalion commanders to dinner, which means that we can communicate with each other and help him when necessary" (Chang Hengfang), according to the memory of Ling Kongzhang, a student of the Patrol Academy: One night , Xu Xilin "invited many officers of this target to a secret meeting in the reed beach at Duijiang Dadu in Anqing, drinking blood as an alliance, drinking rooster blood wine together, and vowing to overthrow the Qing Dynasty with one heart and one mind, participate in the uprising, and never betray." And the other Xu Xilin, who is still deeply impulsive and frenzied, seems to be in Anqing's mission to be hit by Bo Lang.Although he took the teachers and students of the Patrol Academy to scout around, until the uprising, only two or three people, including Chen Boping and Ma Zonghan, knew his intentions.Chen Boping drew up the "Notice of the Restoration Army", and he just added a few "laws of killing" after the notice: "One, the Manchus never surrendered. Two, those who resisted the army were killed. One, those who took the opportunity to looting were killed. One, those who spread rumors and disturbed public order were killed. One, those who were still traitors were killed." Although Xu Xilin launched an attack in advance, and Ye Yanggao, a revolutionary party member, was captured by Duan Fang, the governor of Liangjiang in Shanghai, and confessed why some party members had entered Anhui officialdom, but whether such a hasty uprising was really necessary is debatable.According to Chiang Kai-shek's statement in 1927, Xu Xilin was "forced to death" by Tao Chengzhang, and many Taiwanese scholars also used this to prove the rationality of Chiang Kai-shek's assassination of Tao.Tao Chengzhang did have misunderstandings about Xu Xilin, and with Xu Xilin's promotion, the misunderstanding became deeper and deeper.Zhang Taiyan once said in his letter that "Bosun was very proud of being an official, but Huanqing and others did not see his movement, suspected his change of will, and fought fiercely." Xu Xilin's long letter to Tao Chengzhang also defended himself: "I asked myself the most difficult experience in my life. The situation is the most difficult to meet, and Lin uses invisible movements to achieve the goal, and the hardships and hardships are prepared to taste, which can be the way to know oneself. From morning to evening, Lin never thinks or forgets, nothing Don’t think about it.” Of course, this may also be one of the reasons for Xu’s angrily rioting. Even so, the Anqing uprising was still outside the plan approved by the Restoration Council.The students of Anhui Patrol Academy are divided into Class A and Class B. There are 200 students in each class. The training period is three months, and Class B will be trained after Class A graduates.Xu Xilin's original plan was "when the training period for the students in Class A expires, distribute these graduates to work in various military and police agencies, engage in secret activities, contact and develop revolutionary forces, and prepare for an uprising; when the training period for Class B students expires, they will be used The opportunity to hold the graduation ceremony is a challenge.” Now, even the training of Class A has not yet expired, and the new army in Anqing cannot be said to be well connected, and the East Zhejiang Party, which Qiu Jin is in charge of responding to the uprising, has not yet assembled. On the other hand, although some people said that Enming was already suspicious of Xu Xilin at this time, judging from the fact that Enming still entrusted Xu with the matter of apprehending the Revolutionary Party and that he was happy to attend the graduation ceremony of Class A, he had great respect for this teacher and his brother-in-law. The recommended subordinates still "believe it without a doubt", until Xu Xilin pulled out a gun in front of him, and he asked: "What's the use of holding a gun if you know how to do it? Do you want to test it?" Xu Xilin may not have been unable to see this when he made a sudden attack, but his confidence was too small, but his hasty personality broke out, and he didn't care so much.At this time, we can see the young figure who hastily set out to catch up with the wandering monk, the angry young man who shot the targets of the Russian soldiers continuously, even though he did not hesitate to hurt himself, he jumped out of the track of the plan of the Restoration Council, and wanted to implement his "" kill law". Because En Ming was going to the chief copywriter Zhang Cishan's house to celebrate his mother's birthday, the graduation ceremony of Class A of the Patrol Academy was moved forward by two days.In the afternoon before the graduation ceremony on May 26, Xu Xilin called a small number of students to speak.Obviously, these students are his usual cronies.The main idea of ​​Xu's speech was "tomorrow is the day when our association will lead all the students to revolt to save the country. Teachers and students must work together to share weal and woe... If students are in trouble, the association will help them with their hair on; Classmates should also wear their tassels and save them..." Until this time, he still seemed unable to directly assign the uprising task to the students, and these touching words, and because "speaking in Zhejiang dialect", most of the students I didn't quite understand. In the morning of the next day, Xu Xilin gathered all the students to give a lecture, and asked the students to "do not forget to walk, sit, or lie down" to save the country. ——That is to say, there will be an incident in three hours. In the entire city of Anqing, only himself, Chen Boping, and Ma Zonghan are the three people from Zhejiang who know that Xu Huiban is going to kill officials and raise an incident. This, is this a bit of a joke? Of course, En Ming didn't know. When he arrived at the school, he heard Gu Song, the income and disbursement committee member of the Patrol Academy, report through the adult Yuxiu Mi, "Xu Daotai is not a good person, please don't drink here, Commander", so he resigned from the luncheon, so, His death was also premature. Xu Huiban presented the student handbook, and suddenly said loudly: "Return to Commander, there is an uprising by the Revolutionary Party today." This is a secret signal.En Ming just asked, "How did Xu Huiban get this letter?" Chen Boping threw a bomb, but it didn't explode. Although people have been telling Enming that Xu Xilin is a revolutionary party, I don't think Enming has always believed in this statement: If the rebellion is for fame and wealth, then a thirty-five-year-old second-rank official who is trusted by the governor Why does Hongdaotai need to rebel?Before 1907, people like Xu Xilin who sympathized with and tolerated the revolution might have seen it. It was unheard of for him to join the revolutionary party, not to mention that he treated Xu kindly. Is there any reason to stab me? At this moment, there is no room for him to disbelieve, Xu Xilin said, "Don't worry, commander, this revolutionary party will eventually get the job of the commander", and took out his two guns.However, Xu Xilin is very short-sighted. He couldn't see En Ming's vitals clearly at such a close distance. One fatal.After Xu Xilin finished firing the bullets, he ran into the inner room to load the bullets. The policemen under him carried En Ming on their backs and ran out. Chen Boping caught up and fired a shot, which "pierced through the heart from the tailbone", this shot killed En Ming. Xu Xilin loaded the bullet and rushed out, only to find that En Ming had disappeared, only Fantai Feng Xu was still standing in the hall, as if he hadn't recovered.Xu Xilin pushed him: "Master Feng, go away, it's none of your business." Feng Xu ran away in a hurry.Xu Xilin went to look for Yuxiu again, but she was gone. The following process fully demonstrates how many stupid tricks were involved in the preparations for this uprising.Xu Xilin grabbed Gu Song and asked him how he knew that he was a secret of the revolutionary party. Gu Song said that the letters from the Japanese side to the association were all glued together. If you write a letter, you know it will be a revolutionary party—even if the glue on the envelope is damp, can't you think about secret letters with secret words and hidden text?Even a revenue and expenditure committee member can understand it.This is a trick. Xu Xilin didn't tell the students that there was going to be an uprising today, but he just sent someone to guard the door to prevent the students from leaving. He felt that after the assassination of En Ming, the students would naturally rise up if there was a response.He didn't expect that when the gunshots rang out, the scene would be chaotic. How could one person stop the raging flow of people?Most of the students ran away with the provincial officials.This is trick two. Everyone knows that the uprising first seized ordnance, but Xu Xilin did not send anyone (it is estimated that there is no one available) to control the person in charge of the ordnance station in advance. As a result, the person in charge ran away with the key. I can't open it, the bullets I can find don't match each other, and there is a lack of machine iron on the cannon.This is trick three. Xu Xilin actually thought of sending students to contact the officers and soldiers of the No. 61 standard, asking them to come into the city to collect bullets, and to make a joint incident, but this person was obviously sent too late, and he set off after occupying the ordnance station. At this time, the four gates of Anqing were closed, and no Pedestrians come and go, and letters can't be sent out of the city at all.This is trick four. Xu Xilin met Liu Lizhen, the commander of the Anqing Patrol Battalion at the Ordnance Office. He did not lead an army. Xu said to Liu: "You are a Han. Our overthrow of the Manchu Qing is a national revolution. You should assist. Now please go to the Telegraph Bureau to monitor the telegraph. The quasi-person sends out a telegram, and after the uprising is successful, you will naturally have a high-ranking official." Liu Lizhen agreed and left.After Liu went back, he immediately turned against the water and organized a patrol battalion to charge the ordnance station. Xu Xilin and others had no guns and no one, and they were captured in a fierce battle.This is trick five. Tao Chengzhang said that Xu Xilin was "disobedient to others, but kind to others", he was really right.He did not kill Feng Xu, but believed in Liu Lizhen, and the war was not good. Chen Boping proposed to burn down the ordnance station and die with the Qing soldiers. He believed that this would lead to the "burning of jade and stone" in Anqing City.It seems that Xu Xilin can be regarded as a talent for assassination, but he is hardly qualified for leading an uprising. This person is naturally a man, and he took all the responsibility in his confession: "All the students are too low-level, and none of them are useful, and they don't know about it. Just kill me, cut my heart open, and cut off my hands and feet. , the whole body is broken, don’t kill the student unjustly, I forced him to go.” Others asked him if he was ordered by Sun Wen, and he insisted that “I have a different purpose from Sun Wen, and he is not worthy of making me assassinate.” In the face of ethical accusations, Xu Xilin uttered a shocking statement: "You said Futai is a good official and treats me very kindly, but since I aim to fill up the crowd, I can't ask him how good he is. Bad, as for Futai favoring me, it is a personal favor; I kill Futai because of the axiom of exhaustion." In the revolution in the late Qing Dynasty, there were many people who called for exhaustion, but not many people really believed in "exhaustion". There are even fewer extremists like Xu Xilin who insist on "killing all the Manchus, and the Han people will naturally become strong, and it is not too late to try to establish a constitution".He is fighting against secular ethics under the banner of racial rules. Ethics, in turn, punishes him.Enming's wife hoped that according to the case of "Zhang Wenxiang stabbing a horse", the murderer's heart would be cut out and then beheaded.If it is another family member, no one will pay attention to it.But Mrs. Enming is the daughter of Prince Qing Yikuang, and Yousi dare not ignore her request.Feng Xu, the governor of the feudal clan, thought of Xu Xilin's life-saving grace, and secretly ordered the executioner to kill first and then gouge out the heart.There are also records saying that Xu Xilin was to die first, and it was easy for people to notice the knife, so he "crushed the scrotum" first, and then took out the heart, which was fried and eaten by En Ming's guards. Xu Xilin's tragic death, together with Qiu Jin's beheading, was widely reported by Shanghai Chinese and foreign newspapers.Torturing and killing women is the most intolerable practice in modern Western civilization.The Qing court lost a lot of points in the battle of Ding Weinian, which laid the groundwork for the collapse four years later. Before the execution, as a rule, he took a picture of the condemned prisoner for the record. After taking the picture, Xu Xilin said, "If you don't have a smile on your face, how can you leave it for future generations? Take another one!"