Chapter 5 Pagoda Revolution

The leaders of the Sichuan Road Protection Movement were mainly members of the Constitutional Party of the Consultative Bureau. However, the road protection movement was able to spread from top to bottom and quickly spread throughout Sichuan, relying on Pao Ge's strength. In August, the road protection campaign failed for a long time.Paoge leaders from western and southern Sichuan gathered in Zizhou and changed the "Baolu Comrade Association" to "Baolu Comrade Army".The MPs in Chengdu may not like this approach, but they have no choice. The initiator of the Baolu Comrade Army is Zhang Dasan, a military scholar, and his other identity is the chief helmsman of Xinchang, Pixian County.His best friend is Zhang Jiexian, the principal of a primary school, and also the helmsman of Chongyi Town, Guanxian County.

Wang Yunzi, sent by the Tongmenghui, found Zhang Dasan in an opium shop. He stood in front of the opium couch and publicly explained his purpose, saying that he would "expel the Tartars and restore China." The Chong (Yi) and Guan (county) areas are counted on me!"——The book hints that the elder brother He Junshan who brought Zhang Dasan to his debut is a veteran of the anti-Qing Dynasty himself, participated in the Hongyang Uprising, and may be the remnant of Shi Dakai. If Zhang Dasan is like this, Zhang Jie needless to say.They teamed up to find Yao Baoshan, the helmsman of Guanxian County. This person was very prestigious in Songpan, Lifan, Maoxian, and Wenchuan. If the rebellion failed, he could retreat to northwest Sichuan.

On September 7, Pu Dianjun and Luo Lun were arrested.The Comrade Army in Southwest Sichuan, which had been prepared for a long time, acted immediately. On September 9, the comrade army led by Sun Zepei, the son of Wen Jiang's helmsman, had arrived at the Red Archway outside the South Gate of Chengdu. Another comrade army, led by Zhang Dasan, was in Xipu area. Confront Zhao Erfeng's main patrol force.This is the siege of the isolated city of Chengdu. The Comrade Army was very imposing, and the slogan was "Down with the Manchus, Zhao Erfeng, Zhou Tuozi (Quan Yedao, Zhou Xiaohuai), and hit Chengdu!" They had a large number, and their firepower was so poor that they almost didn't have the breech they called "hard fire" The guns are mostly earthen guns, shotguns, broadswords, spears, and spears.

The reason why they were able to go all the way like a broken bamboo and the soldiers approached the city was because the new army did not follow Zhao Erfeng's orders at all and refused to fight against the comrades' army; the second was that the comrades' army did not disturb the people. Piercing three knives on the thigh, the so-called "three knives and six eyes, find some for yourself". There is no need to disturb the people, and comrades don't even need to bring their own food and grass.Everywhere they go, they have their own local wharf entertainment, and they also put money into the rooms of the leaders of the various armies.Brothers need money, as long as they say it, they can go to the room to pick it up, and there are rules and levels for how much they take, ranging from two hundred copper coins to two thousand.This is called "Wangwu Eating", and the Quan Chuanpao family will supply it wherever there are people.

After the independence of Chengdu, the forces of all parties intertwined, Zhao Erfeng's military power was not released, the new army had their own concerns, and the Constitutional Party scrambled for power.Yin Changheng, the representative of the military officers from Sichuan, and Minister of Military and Political Affairs, on the one hand wooed the local soldiers, and on the other hand stepped up contact with Brother Pao. Contradictions among all parties intensified. On December 8, Pu Dianjun, the governor of the Sichuan military government, paraded in the East School Field.Gunshots broke out all over the city of Chengdu, and the flames lit up the sky. The new army and patrol troops scattered to the streets and robbed wantonly. Chengdu people called it "Daqifa". They each do their own thing.It lasted a whole day and night, and the next day comrades from all townships rushed into the city to quell the riot.Eight million taels of silver from the treasury were looted, and merchants and people suffered countless losses.

This mutiny helped Yin Changheng come to power and became the governor of the military government.The battalions that participated in the mutiny just returned to the camps.In the new year, the soldiers who made foreign fortunes took out money to marry wives and start a family. They were called "Qi Fa Madam". Be rich.The people of Chengdu had no choice but to sing a folk song: "If you don't get a photo, if you don't get a photo, if you don't get a photo, you will have a big child next year" to commemorate this revolution that made some people get rich first. Yin Changheng became the governor, and he also held military and political positions, but he obviously cared more about another identity.He put up the signboard of "Da Han Gong" in the incense hall, and proclaimed himself the helm of the Da Han Gong.The governor wants to fuck Brother Pao, who dare not help Zhaqi?Dudu Yin went to visit the Gongkou Wharf in every street in Chengdu, and all the Gongkou Wharfs "grew red wine" for him.Dudu Yin went in and out of the Dudu's mansion more than ten times a day, and every time he went out, he wore a long robe and mandarin jacket. When he came back, he put on a red silk and red cloth, piled it on the bed, and went out again immediately.Dudufu's official business is piled up like a mountain, but it is clear that Dudu Yin thinks that entertaining Paoge is more important.

Following the example, Zhou Jun, the successor Minister of Military and Political Affairs, also put up the signboard of "Grand Continent", and other ministries followed suit. A Dudu Mansion almost became a Paoge concentration camp.The Brothers and Elders Association proposed to "restore the clothes of the Han nationality." These boys and girls don't know what the clothes of the Han nationality are.Chengdu has almost become a big stage again. And Brother Cao Pao, Dudu Yin, is not completely useless.Zhao Erfeng, the former governor of Qingchuan, still had a guard after independence, and he heard that Xuantong was not dead and Beijing had not fallen, so he had the heart of restoration. He constantly instigated his cronies Fu Huafeng to lead the army from Sichuan to counterattack Chengdu, and sent people to provoke the patrol army to mutiny .The Shu military government in Chongqing heard that Zhao Erfeng was still alive, and sent troops to the west to crusade.Yin Changheng then decided to kill Zhao.After Zhao Erfeng died, Fu Huafeng surrendered, and the Chongqing army returned to the division.It was not difficult to kill Zhao, and he could not afford to fight to kill Zhao. Yin Changheng relied on Brother Pao's internal relationship, first lured Zhao Erfeng's guards to surrender, and then confiscated the weapons of the Shaocheng Bannermen.Chengdu returned to a temporary calm.

This is the Paoge Revolution with Sichuan characteristics.The Revolution of 1911 was successful, and all localities relied on the power of the Association, but in Sichuan, the Constitutionalists only acted as a banner, and the Tongmenghui was even more beckoning.How to make a revolution is actually determined by the laws of Paoge society. Rumors in the early Republic of China: Duanfang spent 400,000 taels of silver to buy the post of Minister of Supervision of the Sichuan-Guangdong-Han Railway.This underestimated Duan Fang's IQ too much.After Duanfang was dismissed for sending people to take pictures at the funeral of the two palaces, it is a fact that he hastily tried to recover, but didn't he know that road protection is in full swing everywhere, and at this time supervising road affairs is a hot potato?

When Duanfang was not released in Beijing, it has been played repeatedly since May, hoping that the imperial court will take back the "state-owned railway" and begged the governors along the border, please "be peaceful, and don't be authoritarian and tough, leading to radical changes." On June 29, the long-delayed team of ministers finally left Beijing.Because of great suspicion and fear, Duanfang stopped and went, and even went to Zhangdehuan to "discuss important affairs" with Yuan Shikai, and he also told reporters that "if there is no proper way to go, I will resign immediately." "—Like Sichuan Paoge, Duanfang is paving the way.

Originally, the train from Beijing to Wuhan only took one day, but it was delayed until July 4th to arrive in Wuhan.According to the "Shenbao" report, since Duanfang announced in the middle of last month that he would go out of Beijing, various officials in Hubei made appointments to greet him at Dazhimen Station many times, but they failed repeatedly. They ran for nothing in total about a dozen times. Everyone hated Duanfang so much. to die. During the two months in Wuhan, Duanfang did his best, hoping to find a compromise between the policy of "state-owned by the imperial court" and the public opinion of "commercially run railways".For example, he once sent Xia Shoutian back to Beijing to discuss with the Ministry of Posts and Communications, whether to change the original route from Yichang to Chengdu on the Sichuan-Han Railway via Wanxian and Chongqing to Chengdu from Tongguan via Baoning Prefecture in northern Sichuan, and would rather go around from Shaanxi In this way, the imperial court, the gentry and the people can build roads separately, which not only satisfies public opinion, but also maintains the dignity of the government.

But the cabinet and the Ministry of Posts and Communications rejected his proposal, and the route has already signed an agreement with the Bank of the Four Nations Group, changing the route?Then I don't know how much more verbal work will be spent? Well, Duanfang stayed in Hanyang, and only repaired the Office of the Minister of Supervision, and found someone to draw a road map and recruit railway talents.Compared with the menacing Sichuan gentry and people, the attitude of all walks of life in Hubei towards him is much better, and the three towns of Wuhan are much calmer than Chengdu, which has been completely strike. Moreover, Yuan Shikai, his son and daughter's in-laws, had sent a letter a long time ago, asking Duanfang to "be stationed in Hanyang first, and be assigned to the committee for investigation, step by step."Later historians said that if Duanfang acted in this way, even if the Xinhai uprising happened in Wuhan, most of them would not be decapitated.After all, none of Ruicheng, Zhang Biao, and many Hubei officials died. However, Zhao Erfeng brought up the Chengdu massacre. The imperial court strictly ordered Duan Fang to go to Sichuan to investigate and deal with it.Give you the troops, and send the Chu Tong warship to escort you into Sichuan.What excuse do you have? Almost every place where Duanfang stopped, he had to send power to the cabinet or Sheng Xuanhuai, lamented the bitter experience, and looked for a way out. He wished to stop in Yichang, Kuizhou, Wanxian, and Chongqing, waiting for the road tide to come out. Besides. However, the imperial court did not let him go. Not only did he repeatedly urge him, but even after the Wuchang Incident, on November 6, he ordered Duanfang to act as the governor of Sichuan, putting the burden of the entire Sichuan on him.However, due to the failure of telegrams after the Wuchang Incident, Duan Fang died without knowing that he was once again the master of Taiwan. According to historical data, after learning about the Wuchang Incident, the news of Hubei's independence, and the rumors that Beijing fell and Xuantong fled, Duanfang did seriously consider his position in Sichuan, which was undergoing great changes.He believed that Zhao Erfeng had lost popular support, and the imperial court was unable to control the western frontier. According to the precedent of Wuchang's election of Li Yuanhong, could he also be elected as the governor of Sichuan, or even the head of the military government after Sichuan's independence? He once sent Liu Shipei and others to infiltrate into Chengdu to find out the news, but the response was not optimistic. It is said that Zhao Erfeng had already made preparations. As soon as Duan Fang arrived in Chengdu, he would be put under house arrest, and even the place was prepared. Duan Fang was even more unwilling to move forward.Moreover, since entering Sichuan, it has been quite difficult to replenish along the road.Duanfang’s family member later recalled: “Eat along the way, there are no vegetables to eat, and there are only rice and pickles for each meal. The houses that live along the way are the houses where pig manure is raised, and the imperial envoys are also such houses. After two or three That’s the case every month.” So fate sent Duanfang to Zizhou and stayed in Zizhou. Zizhou is more than 600 miles away from Chongqing and 400 miles away from Chengdu. It can advance or retreat, and the ground is stable. It seems that there is no independent army activity, which is much better than the disturbance and restlessness along the way.Duan Fang stayed there. He walked all the way, and every time he went, he rang the gong to gather the crowd, found a spacious temple, and sent his sixth younger brother Duanjin to give a speech, expressing that he would not bring troops to chase away all the "bandits", and those who were willing to disband on their own would be sent to the temple. Disk fee, preferential rewards.You people in Sichuan, don’t think that Sichuan is solid, and the road to Shu is difficult. Now that there are machine guns, how can Sichuan resist the arrival of heavenly soldiers? ... Duan Fang's family member said: "Everywhere I go, the gentry, business, academic circles and gangsters hang lanterns, festoons and whips, and each household changes new pairs. Welcome dozens of miles away, and people from all walks of life are full of affection." The local gentry naturally tried their best to perfunctory the imperial envoys, and the rules were in Zizhou, so they "drink and have banquets every day."But how can Sichuan, which is full of enthusiasm, resolve difficulties with just a few words?Duanfang put up six-character notices on Anmin in the streets of Chongqing (to make it easier for the illiterate to listen to people recite), and people added notes after each sentence: In any case, Duanfang is by no means a die-hard among the Manchus, and there are quite a few Sichuanese who have a good impression of this imperial envoy who "maintains comfort but not suppression". Ready to Welcome" message.The paradox here is: if Duanfang is in a big city, no matter Wuhan, Chongqing or Chengdu, he is likely to survive. Only in Zizhou, there is no oppression from foreign enemies, but there is no local force to suppress and support. Duanfang His fate is completely in the hands of the First Battalion of the Eighth Town of the New Army that he brought from Wuchang. Things start from the top.Suddenly, some new soldiers went to the barber shop on the street to have their braids cut off, and they spread the word to ten, ten to hundreds, and soldiers of the Wuchang New Army, with or without their braids, suddenly walked all over the street.In less than three hours, almost everyone had their braids cut.And this trend began to spread to Zizhou City and the four townships. It is impossible for Duan Fang not to feel this dangerous atmosphere.Some people say that the following passage is Duanfang’s confession that he mainly summoned the new army, and some people say that it is the dialogue between the soldiers of the new army after they captured Duanfang’s brothers in Chaotian Palace, but the content is roughly as follows: In fact, the two reasons proposed by Duanfang are very reasonable.Being lenient is an important reason why old bureaucrats such as Li Yuanhong are supported, and taking off the flag and returning to the Han Dynasty is an important means to wash away the original sin of race in the year of 1911.The "Sichuan Manchu Surrender Document" signed by the Manchurians in Chengdu clearly stated: "However, the Qing Emperor was regent for more than two hundred autumns, and when we were born in Han Dynasty, there were many people who threatened to surrender the flag... Now we know that fate is coming to an end, but The country is changed, and the country is still the old master. Seeing the overall situation, our Han army has to return the banner to the Han, and the original business belongs to the clan. How dare we love the Qing Dynasty and not remember our ancestors?" The sensible revolutionary party Most people also only want the Manchus to surrender, rather than massacre, to reassure the people. But Duanfang was in a different situation. He was unlucky because he was facing a group of lower-level officers and soldiers of the new army who had no subordinates and no refuge.National enmity and so on, most of them are just excuses.From the shouts of the soldiers at the end, it can be seen that this army is determined to return to Wuhan to participate in the uprising, but in this troubled world, how can the new army's determination to uprising be stabilized?How can we ensure the unity of more than a thousand people in this standard?How can we gain the trust of Wuchang?The leading members of the Tongmenghui and Gongjinhui must take the head of Duanfang, the imperial envoy, as a reassurance and a certificate of nomination.To say this is also the rule of Jianghu politics. Therefore, the alternate minister, the minister who supervised the Sichuan-Guangdong-Han Railway, and the acting governor of Sichuan, who was called "the leader of the Manchus" by the "Shenzhen", was beheaded by the soldiers with a command knife.His body was put into a wooden coffin, and "Duan'er's Corpse" was written in chalk on the lid of the coffin (Sichuan people derogatoryly refer to someone as "Someone"), and he was probably buried on the spot.The heads of the Duanfang brothers were put into two tin buckets filled with kerosene, and soaked in kerosene to prevent decay. The new army marched back to Wuchang the next morning, displaying the heads of brothers Duanfang at every place they passed along the way.The gentry and merchants, seeing the two Duan adults who passed by here more than half a month ago and preached the Qing Dynasty to them, are now decapitated, their heads soaked in kerosene shaking in the air, how would they feel? Liu Chengyu, an old revolutionary party in Hubei, recorded in "Shi Zai Tang Miscellaneous Memories" that Duan Fang, Dai Hongci and others visited the University of California in 1905. He witnessed a scene: Duan and Dai came to the stage together and stood side by side in the lecture hall, with Dai on the left and Duan on the right.Duan said to Dai and said: "Old man, please speak." Dai said: "Brother often communicates with Westerners and knows the rules, please speak." So Duan Fang said a word, after the translation, he said to Dai Hongci: "Old man, are you right? "Dai said: "Yes." Duan said another word, and said to Dai: "Is that right?" Dai said: "Yes." A speech is about hundreds of words, and Duan asked Dai hundreds of times. Answered hundreds of times. This is almost like talking about cross talk, which confuses the Westerners, and the foreign students present also lose face. This anecdote is often cited to illustrate the absurdity of Manchu officials.What I see is the conflict and coexistence of three types of speech forms.Obviously, Duan Fang has the ability to speak alone, and he may not be unaware that Western speeches are individualized, but he must always show respect for Dai Hongci, the "old man".The key here is that Manchu officials value status (whether they are "slaves" or "ministers"), while Han officials value seniority.Manchu officials don't need to tell Han officials this set of seniority rules.Duan Fang is a Manchu official, and when he gets along with Han officials, he can obey the etiquette of Han officials. Of course, this can quickly win the favor of Han colleagues and superiors. Therefore, "Declaration" only recommends Duan Fang as a "competent official" among many Manchurian dignitaries. . The ancestors of the founding of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties, the most recent Yin Jian is the Yuan and Ming dynasties.Yuan Dynasty-style exclusion of Han culture will definitely not work, but the Ming Dynasty's Wen Tian and Wu Xi also make people feel vigilant.In the Qing Dynasty, the emperor might have shown a favorable impression of Han culture, but the Eight Banners system placed the Manchu and Han in different living spaces and professional fields.Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin are of course the pride of the Manchu literati, but in general the cultural quality of the Manchus is low, and the Eight Banners, where everyone is a soldier, did not contribute much political talent. Like Duanfang, there were almost no other Manchus in the Qing Dynasty who could rank among the first-class Manchus in the country in terms of both culture and politics.It is said that Duanfang was also a hakama when he was young. When he was an official in Beijing, he was humiliated by his Han colleague Wang Yirong because he didn't understand the inscriptions, so he made a vow to study gold and stone hard.Three years later, Duan Fang has become a master of gold and stone. Duanfang was later released to the outside world, and it was known as greedy ink.Considering his penchant for collecting, huge financial needs are no surprise.At that time, there was a couplet with a pair of inlays that said: "Sell poor, sell short, sell lijin, it's not true for Duan Fang; buy books, paintings, and antiques, how many prescriptions are there?" For example, when he was in Wuhan, although he did not refuse bribes, he "sold jobs but did not sell shortages", which skillfully took advantage of the official system of separation of jobs and jobs in the late Qing Dynasty to evade the supervision of the imperial court.It is also said that he "every time entertains with outsiders, always performing a kind of obsequiousness." Officials in the late Qing Dynasty who knew more about Western affairs and were more flexible, such as Guo Songtao and Zeng Jize, often received this notoriety.Moreover, in Nanjing, Duanfang took the lead in changing the custom of governors first paying homage to the consuls of various countries when they took office, forcing the consuls of various countries to pay homage first. At that time, Chinese officials were already well versed in international political rules. Duanfang was killed in Zizhou in the year of 1911, which was regarded by many people as a symbolic event of the Han Chinese avenging the Manchus (also because very few Manchu officials died in the 1911 Revolution).Therefore, the current commentary is not very polite to Duanfang, especially the notes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. There are a lot of slanderous words against Duanfang. It is not easy to wipe out the various achievements of Duanfang during his tenure as Governor of Liangjiang, but it can be used as a criticism. : "Duanfang knows that many people in Jiangsu are weak and weak, and they talk about new learning. He only allocates some funds in the school as auxiliary funds. Those who are attracted to them are already like ants. But Jiangsu has already contended for it. In fact, those allocated are all taken from the wealth of the Han people, and they are called the country." ("Slavery Biography") This is too much to be accused of crimes. In general, the world is still Are there any capable officials?If we take another step forward, there will be "the theory that honest officials are harmful". The fact that revolutionaries hate Duan Fang is actually related to his ability.When Duan Fang served as Governor-General of Liangjiang, he recruited a lot of revolutionaries, including Liu Shipei, a great scholar. Duanfang called him "the cunning captive chieftain", and on the other hand, he excused the teacher for "being ignorant of world affairs and easy to make friends with sycophants".Duanfang's infamy is really wronged. He is a traitor in the mouth of the revolutionary party, and of course he is a capable minister in the eyes of the Qing court.The key is that Duan Fang can make a famous person like Liu Shipei return his heart and give his sincerity. A few years later, he followed him all the way to Sichuan and sneaked into Chengdu to inquire on Duan Fang's behalf. Instead, it was the Manchu court to which he was loyal gave him a blow to the head. At the funeral of the two palaces in 1908, Duanfang was impeached by Li Hongzhang's grandson Li Guojie for "disrespect" and resigned because he ordered people to take pictures along the way.With the sophistication and tact of Duanfang, he was once appreciated and promoted for his ability to handle affairs in Guangxu's wedding. Why did he make such a low-level mistake?Some commentators believe that "the master is less suspicious of the country", and they have to go to the powerful ministers to establish their prestige, and the reasons for dismissing Duanfang and Yuan Shikai are all excuses.And the reason why this excuse appeared is because it is said that Duanfang inspected Europe and the United States, and was very envious of the European and American constitutional "unity of monarch and ministers, no barriers". No matter the monarch, the president, or newspaper reporters, they can take pictures at any time. Can not help but want to engage in new ideas.In this way, Duanfang was caught because he was the first to eat crabs. There are many examples of Duanfang eating the first crab. Later generations are eager to distinguish between Manchu and Han, revolutionary and conservative, so they may not understand and pay attention to these: The earliest modern kindergarten in Chinese history was founded by him in Hubei. In Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangsu, he was the first to create telephone, radio, library, and sports games. He vigorously advocated the planting of trees by the whole people in Nanjing, Suzhou, and Shanghai, and used military merit and punishment to induce officials and the army to plant trees. He brought a movie projector into China, and introduced the Western livestock slaughter and meat inspection system to the Chinese for the first time, hoping that China would follow suit. He created citizen parks and modern prisons, and was the first among Chinese officials to allow women to study abroad at public expense. He presided over Jiangsu's first public opinion representative election, and he also organized the first industrial and commercial expo in Chinese history... It should be remembered that this former wandering bannerman, one of the best collectors in China at that time, and the cunning "Manchurian dog" who was once reviled by everyone, was also an opener of China's modern door. Shi Tiyuan was born in Dongxiang County, Suiding Prefecture, Chuandong Road, Sichuan Province. Dongxiang is today's Xuanhan County. In 1910, he was studying at the Higher Patrol Academy in Chengdu. Among the classmates he knew well, some of them participated in the League, and they read magazines such as "Min Bao" and "Zhejiang Chao" in their hands. In 1911 he participated in the road protection movement.After the Chengdu massacre, Shi Tiyuan, like many of his classmates, felt that the movement in the provincial capital was already a bottleneck, and he planned to go back to his hometown to see if he could make a move. However, I have been studying abroad for the past few years, and the situation in my hometown is quite alienated. Is it possible to tell the people in the village the truth in the "Min Bao" and they will be able to rise up for revolution? Shi Tiyuan thought of one person: Ran Chonggen. This person has all the characteristics of a movement leader that Shi Tiyuan saw in Chengdu: he was born in a local family, joined the Paoge Gang when he was young, and his position is not low. He was also elected as a member of the County Council and a director of Chuanlu Company. It is said that when Cao Cao arrived, Uncle Ran was not in the country. He went to Yichang to see the railway situation, and now he came back to Chengdu to find out the news.When I heard that I was going back to the county to become independent, I was very interested.Just at this time, the news of the Wuchang Incident came, and the two young men had no more worries, and rushed to Dongxiang after entangled with a few fellow villagers. Inquiring about the situation along the way, I found out that among the counties in Xiadong, only Wanxian has a patrol army standard-this means that there will be basically no official interference in the independence of Dongxiang.But the gangs in the counties are very developed. In addition to the Jianghu Association (that is, Brother Pao), there is an organization called the Xiaoyi Association that is also very lively. Especially after the road protection trend, the helmsmen from various counties come and go frequently. When we arrived in the county, it was naturally a group of comrades preparing for independence.The first big problem is not lack of appeal - Ran Chonggen has a lot of friends, and he is uncle Pao, so he is afraid that too many people will join him if he raises the banner of uprising.If you store them all, it is inevitable that the good and the bad will be mixed, which will affect your reputation; if you choose them, you may cause resentment and invite people to gossip.In the end, I feel that everyone is welcome, but I will not decide on a position. I will assign positions based on performance after I succeed independently. Although there is no army in the county, there are still "courageous people". How can there be political power without guns?So everyone agreed that Ran Chonggen would order that the townships within 80 miles away from the city should be limited to 20 to 60 people in each "field" (the area of ​​the village community centered on the market), and the total number of teams would be 300 people. , There are guns with guns, and no guns with knives and spears.Teams entering the city must strictly observe discipline, and free movement is absolutely prohibited.Of course, these military codes of conduct do not make sense with the peasant army entering the city, and it is enough for Ran Chonggen to "bring out the rules of the gang to restrain the brothers of the public".The time of the uprising was set on the twelfth day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar (December 2). Unexpectedly, the date of the uprising and the method of mobilizing the team had just been determined, and they were about to send people out to spread the word to the townships. The news leaked out somehow, and everyone in the city knew about it.It can also be seen that the people involved in the core are very complicated.Wu Xun, the county magistrate, rushed to pay a visit to Uncle Ran, and when he entered the door, he saw several tailors were sewing white cloth flags and armband marks.This is clearly a rebellion.But Wuzhi County has no power to arrest these rebels. The measures he returned to the office were nothing more than transferring all Tang Yong to the county government, guarding at every level, and confiscating all the guns of the street patrolling police. The insurgents were also taken aback.Although the defense force in the county is not strong, you can't play with your cards right?Even if you show your cards to play, you can't even let your opponent know when to play the cards, right?Immediately decide: uprising two days in advance, quickly convey each field. Shi Tiyuan was in the provincial capital, and had seen Zhao's method of making Taiwan. He was afraid that Wu Zhixian would follow suit. He suggested that he immediately go to police officer Li Shuzi and ask for the key to the four gates of the county seat.This matter had already been communicated almost before, but Police Officer Li was timid, and after handing over the keys, he slipped back home behind closed doors, and let you be beaten to death. Everyone thought that Wu Zhixian did not dare to resist, so he was not afraid of the news leaking out. It was later learned that Wu Zhixian had an idea. He also wanted to learn from Zhao Zhitai and set up a trap.But Tang Yong's team leader is also very timid. On the one hand, he is an official ordered by the court, and on the other is Uncle Pao. It is not appropriate to offend either party.In this way, the power of dictatorship has failed. In the early morning of November 30, the insurgents sent people to clean up Wenchang Palace and arrange it neatly.Uncle Ran Chonggen sent someone to pick up the police, but when the sergeant was not there, the police followed others to maintain order.At ten o'clock, the uprising meeting began. The police stood guard and patrolled.Those who knew it knew it was an uprising, and those who didn't know it thought the county magistrate was engaging in national uniforms--I heard that Emperor Xuantong was revolutionized, so it's amazing. A meeting was held and independence was declared.Uncle Ran sent two more distinguished gentlemen, one was Ran Renrui from his family who was an instructor in Dayi, and the other was Jing Changyun who had been a county inspector, as representatives, to go to the county government to persuade the county magistrate to hand over the seal file All the halls surrendered their firearms bravely to ensure the safety of Wuzhi County's family.Wu Zhixian couldn't say anything, so he agreed, but asked Uncle Ran to hire a boat to take his family to Suiding Mansion.Uncle Ran said "I want it", so he made a final decision. The problem was that when the Wu family was being sent to the boat, it happened that various teams were entering the city.Wu Xun was a corrupt official, and the peasants hated him deeply on weekdays. When they heard that the county town was going to be attacked to catch corrupt officials, everyone was very enthusiastic.Who would have thought that when I came to see the corrupt officials boarding the boat and leaving, and it was still in a big box and a small cage, there was an uproar at that time.They didn't know that it was Grandpa Ran's order to agree, and they thought that Wu Zhixian had fled privately, so they immediately lined up, took aim and took aim.After seeing the battle, the later team became even more excited. With an order, breech-loading guns, broadswords, and red-tasseled guns were all pointing at the big ship that hadn't finished loading. At this stage of the field, Uncle Ran was too embarrassed to let Wu Zhixian leave smoothly, and immediately sent someone to take Wu Xun back to Wenchang Palace for interrogation.It was inconvenient for him to go back on his word, so he found a gentleman to interrogate on his behalf, and let the team leaders of each field watch the trial. As soon as the interrogation started, it became a denunciation meeting. People kept jumping out to enumerate Wu Xun's misdeeds of embezzling public funds and oppressing goodness. In the end, even Luo Shenliang, who presided over the interrogation, felt that the corrupt official could not be let go, so he immediately announced his imprisonment.The teams cheered thunderously. Another accident was that the son of Director Wu of the Expropriation Bureau thought that the Puguang Temple team entering the city was going to endanger his home, so he shot with a pistol, provoking the group's anger, and instead rushed into Wu's house and robbed his property. .When Uncle Ran heard the news, he quickly stopped him and let Director Wu's family live in Wenchang Palace. After a few days, the situation stabilized, and the County Magistrate's family, who had unanimously decided to be lenient with the county council, was sent out of the country together. Apart from these small accidents, the whole uprising was peaceful and quiet, and the regiments went to the city at each event, which was more like a festival fair.Shi Tiyuan wrote in "Dongxiang Restoration Notes": "On the day of the uprising, none of the residents in the city moved or closed their doors; the shops, big and small, did not close down, and the food, tea, and hotels opened better; , the warehouses are unharmed, and the grain books are intact; only the school has been suspended for two days, and the police have been off duty for one day; the market situation has not changed at all, and even the markets and villages far away from the city are in order. Not only did no crowds gather to rob, even minor theft incidents are also rare.” Such a good level of law and order was never imagined by a few students returning from the provincial capital.They confiscated the county seal and sent people to the Chongqing military government, and Dongxiang's independence was thus completed. Interestingly, none of the leaders in this uprising was a member of the alliance. "As for the significance of restoration, I have only seen some in the publications. Regarding the policy program and organizational structure, my mind is purely a blank sheet of paper."Fortunately, Jing Changyun, the former county inspector, had a "Declaration", which recorded the organizational structure of the Wuhan military government in detail. They knew that after Dongxiang was restored, the leading organization should be called "Military and Government Branch Office", and the leader was called the Supervisor.Uncle Ran became the counselor and commander of the civilian army.Further down the organizational structure, the "Declaration" is gone, so we have to imitate the appearance of the Wuhan military government, set up any department, no minister, and no official rank. Those who participate in the recovery will be assigned to which department Call a certain member.Who will do the chores, and the big ones, Uncle Ran discussed and decided with several core members.Shi Tiyuan graduated from the Patrol Academy and was in charge of approving cases; there was a man surnamed Wang who used to be a clerk at the Salt Company opened by Uncle Ran, who was trusted by Uncle Ran and took charge of finances; Jing Changyun who provided the "Declaration" was naturally in charge of communication, staff. Responsibilities were assigned, and just two days after independence, a county-wide congress was held, and the new government began to operate.Dongxiang produces smoky soil, which is relatively rich among the counties in eastern Sichuan.But Uncle Ran is very loyal, expressing that he will be honest and honest, and advocates no treats, no gifts, no entertainment, and government personnel to get rid of the bad habit of smoking and gambling.Uncle Ran himself only gets a salary of fifty yuan a month, while the other staff members get as little as ten yuan and as much as thirty yuan. This mode of operation continued until the Shu military government sent people to promulgate the "Regulations on Local Organizations". Changed to county governor.The government departments are much more tidy, and the number of personnel increases, so the expenses also go up. The monthly salary of a political and legal section chief is more than 50 yuan. In August 1912, Ran Chonggen was ordered to transfer the governor of Chengkou County, and Shi Tiyuan also went to serve as a representative of the Chongqing Local Council Federation as early as February.Recalling the ten months "from the day when the county announced its restoration to the time when Chonggen went to Chengkou", Shi Tiyuan couldn't help feeling: "The organization has changed three times, and the changes in personnel are especially great. It's a flash in the pan, and it's still corrupt." The restoration of Dongxiang County involved the Paoge Revolution, and the social order changed very little. Is this a good thing or a bad thing for Dongxiang?Under the rule of Uncle Ran, the "good atmosphere" has been maintained for ten months, will it quickly deteriorate if it is replaced by another person?What if the foreign members of the alliance lead the uprising and create a new batch of heroic bureaucrats?Although Dongxiang is small, it may be a big metaphor.