Chapter 30 Chapter 30 A Good Man with a Fate——Emperor Ziying at the End of Qin Dynasty

As a short-lived dynasty in Chinese history that quickly collapsed after unification, the Qin Dynasty’s score in history has not been high. From Qin Shihuang down, the civil and military counts of the Manchu Dynasty, except for the benevolent eldest son of Qin Shihuang Fusu, and the famous general Meng Tian who made contributions to the Hetao Grassland , It really seems to be "there are no good people in Hongdong County".The eunuch Zhao Gao who turned a deer into a horse, the stupid and incompetent Qin Ershi Hu Hai, and the prime minister Li Si who shot himself in the foot with a stone.Looking at each one one by one, it can be said that one is more tragic than the other. Various types of villains in history seem to be all available in this hapless government.

However, in the Han Dynasty nearly a hundred years after the demise of the Qin Dynasty, whether it was Sima Qian, who compiled history in the Western Han Dynasty, or Ban Gu, a historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, after washing away the silt of the years, they all agreed on this period. , made a lofty evaluation.Sima Qian said that this man has the talent to be a master, and if he is given a chance, it will be enough to keep the foundation of the Qin State. Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty even praised him as "the righteousness of life and death", and he is a good man who is worthy of the ancestors of the Qin State.This person who was highly praised by historians of the two Han Dynasties was Ziying, the last emperor of the Qin Dynasty.

Regarding Ziying's identity, there are not many modern materials left. The only thing known is that he belongs to the Qin royal family and has the conditions to inherit the Qin throne.Some sources say that he is the son of Fusu, the eldest son of the emperor, that is, the grandson of Qin Shihuang, and some sources say that he is the younger brother of Qin Shihuang, that is, the uncle of Qin II.The dates of his birth and death, and family members are all untestable to this day, but why can such a person who is untestable everywhere be highly praised by historians of the Han Dynasty?Perhaps, we have to look away from the chaos in the last years of the Qin Dynasty.

Regarding the death knell of the subjugation of the Qin Dynasty in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, most historians put the blame on Qin Shihuang's death from illness on the east tour road, and believed that the Qin Dynasty started from this point and embarked on the road of subjugation.Although this is true from the perspective of subsequent history, in fact, the Qin Dynasty at that time still had a chance to save the increasingly crisis-ridden situation: Fusu ascended the throne. Fusu was the eldest son of Qin Shihuang. Before Qin Shihuang died of illness, he had specially asked Fusu to come back as soon as possible.Regarding the son of Fusu, it is generally said that Qin Shihuang has always been very unpopular, because compared with Qin Shihuang's martial arts and enthusiasm, Fusu is not like his father. When he was young, Fusu made many admonitions, which annoyed Qin Shihuang. Later, he simply let him go to Hetao to reclaim wasteland with Mengtian.However, judging from Qin Shihuang's performance before his death, he has always given high hopes to Fusu. However, all promising kings in Chinese history, when choosing a successor before their death, often choose a generous son to inherit the great cause, because After the development of the fathers, the most important thing for the children is to be successful.After Qin Shihuang's big actions for many years, the entire Qin Empire is already in crisis, and what is most needed is a successful king.

When Qin Shihuang was still alive, Fusu appealed to Qin Shihuang many times, hoping that Qin Shihuang could rest with the people, but unfortunately Qin Shihuang refused many times, but the main purpose of sending him to the north to cultivate is probably to let Fusu experience For a moment, Meng Tian, ​​who guarded the north with Fusu, was the number one military general of the Qin State at this time. He used Mengtian to assist Fusu. Qin Shihuang's so-called distribution was actually secretly cultivating successors.According to Qin Shihuang's own thinking, if Fusu can ascend the throne, the fortunes of the Qin Empire will turn to a normal track.But this wishful thinking was broken by one person: Zhao Gao.

Zhao Gao was said to be a traitor in history. When people mention him, they think that he got Qin Shihuang's favor by flattering him, but the truth is not so simple.As early as when Qin Shihuang was the king of Qin, Zhao Gao made his mark. He was originally a descendant of the Qin clan. He was confiscated into the palace as a slave because of a crime. Don't forget to study hard. He first attracted Qin Shihuang's attention because of his proficiency in the laws of the Qin State. He could easily recite the complicated laws of the Great Qin Dynasty verbatim and analyze them logically.In the state of Qin, which was founded by the Legalists, such people are of course talents.So Zhao Gao was appreciated by Qin Shihuang in this way, and ordered him to teach his youngest son Hu Hai to read.Zhao Gao is very good at digging camps, and he coaxed Hu Hai into a circle after a short time with him, and soon he couldn't leave him.Also trusted Zhao Gao was Qin Shihuang, especially after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and strengthened the centralization of power. He directly controlled the affairs of local states and counties. The memorials he had to read every day weighed several thousand catties. Although Qin Shihuang was enthusiastic about his work, he obviously couldn't do it alone.At this time, Zhao Gao was a competent secretary. If Qin Shihuang had any difficult things to deal with, the answers he gave could answer Qin Shihuang's thoughts, and sometimes Qin Shihuang forgot where to put the memorials, and Zhao Gao could solve them all at once. Find out for Qin Shihuang.In the eyes of Qin Shihuang, Zhao Gao was a good secretary who was diligent and honest. He never dreamed that it was this good secretary who would ruin the Great Qin Dynasty he founded with his own hands.

In July 210 BC, Qin Shihuang died of illness in Guangzong, Hebei. At this time, besides Zhao Gao, the eunuch, and Li Si, the prime minister, who served Qin Shihuang.Li Si was an old minister of Qin Shihuang, and at first he wanted to act in accordance with Qin Shihuang's will, and welcome Fusu to the throne when he returned. However, although Li Si was talented, he had a terrible problem of jealousy.In the early years, his senior brother Han Feizi was appreciated by Qin Shihuang. Li Si was worried that Han Feizi's coming to Qin would affect his status, so he simply killed Han Feizi on the charge of weaving regardless of his fellowship.Later, when Chun Yuyue questioned Qin Shihuang, which aroused Qin Shihuang's fury, he struck while the iron was hot and urged Qin Shihuang to do the immoral thing of "burning books and burying Confucianism". Someone who threatens their identity.In Zhao Gao's eyes, Li Si is just such a cracked egg.Sure enough, Zhao Gao conspired with Li Si and analyzed the situation in detail for Li Si: Once Fu Su came back to ascend the throne, Meng Tian would definitely become prime minister, so where would you put Li Si?Having said that, Li Si was really scared.If he didn't help Su, he might be able to keep his position as prime minister, but if he helped Su, he would definitely not be able to keep it. Between Qin Shihuang's trust and his personal future, Li Si once again chose the latter without hesitation. He and Zhao Gao conspired to hide Qin Shihuang's will, forged a false will and sent it to the border. The content of this will was to give Su the death penalty.Meng Tian has been fighting for so many years, he is very careful, he suspects that the imperial edict is fake, but Fusu is a good boy, since my father let me die, I will die, if I don’t die, it is not filial, I wiped it after crying bitterly. neck.Meng Tian was also coerced into committing suicide by swallowing medicine. The number one general after the Qin Dynasty unified the world, ended up like this.This change also triggered a chain reaction: after Meng Tian's death, the 300,000 defenders in Hetao dispersed and fled one after another.After that, the Xiongnu frequently went south to harass, and even surrounded Han Gaozu in Baideng Mountain. The root cause is all thanks to this incident.

After Mengtian and Fusu passed away one after another, Zhao Gao and Li Si conspired to support Hu Hai as the throne. Hu Hai was a fool, so the power naturally fell into Zhao Gao's hands.After Zhao Gao came to power, he abused the power of the people even worse than Qin Shihuang. For example, the mausoleum in Lishan had not been repaired yet, and hundreds of thousands of people were conquered to repair it, and the defenders in Hetao ran away. .The destruction of China's national economy and the exhaustion of the people are also continuing.After Hu Hai came to the throne, the most important thing he did was to clean up. He publicly killed 12 brothers and sisters of his family in Xianyang, and the two brothers Meng Tian and Meng Yi were also killed one after another.Right Prime Minister Feng Quji and General Feng Bo were forced to commit suicide.In the second year after Qin Shihuang's death, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang shouted "Princes and generals, I would rather have a kind" in Daze Township, and raised the banner of rebellion.The Great Qin Empire suddenly fell into riots. At the same time, Zhao Gao was still wantonly eliminating dissidents. Zhao Gao's brother Zhao Cheng made the Xianyang Order and controlled the power in the capital. Other relatives were also placed in the officialdom one after another. middle.The emperor of the Great Qin Empire, whose surname was Ying on the surface, actually gradually began to be surnamed Zhao.

During this period, the crisis of the Qin Empire intensified, and internal strife also escalated. Originally, Li Si and Zhao Gao were allies in the trenches in supporting Hu Hai. Grumble behind your back.Zhao Gao wanted to get rid of this great enemy a long time ago, so he deliberately spread rumors to Hu Hai, saying that Li Si had the intention of treason.At this time, Hu Hai had already obeyed Zhao Gao's words, and solved Li Si without saying a word.Li Si, who had been scheming all his life, was finally being schemed by someone more sinister. The emperor Hu Hai is a well-known confused emperor in history. Of course, he is not confused about some things.He once said to Zhao Gao that life is like passing a white horse, you have to know how to enjoy it, Zhao Gao of course took the opportunity to cater to him.Hu Hai continued to mobilize civilian husbands to build the Afang Palace and the Lishan Mausoleum, which aroused people's grievances.During this period, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising had grown to 100,000 people, and they marched into Xianyang on a large scale. The nobles of the six countries also rebelled one after another, but Chen Sheng and Wu Guang had no foresight. Within a few days, he was divided internally. The Qin Empire took this opportunity to mobilize heavy troops and gradually reversed the decline.In December 209 BC, Chen Sheng, who was retreating steadily, was defeated by the Qin general Zhang Han in Mianchi, and the entire army was wiped out.The uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang was suppressed, but the gourd was pressed down and the old aristocrats of the six countries revolted one after another. The original Han royal family, Qi royal family, and Zhao royal family in the north supported themselves one after another.At this time, in Qin State, fortunately, the famous general Zhang Han and others fought in the north and south. Relying on the elite cavalry brought back from the northern border, plus hundreds of thousands of temporarily armed slaves who were repairing the tomb in Lishan, they were able to stabilize the war situation. .

In 207 B.C., the situation of the Qin Empire was good. The Zhao royal family in the north was surrounded by the Qin army. The Qin army tried to encircle the point and form a huge encirclement to completely wipe out those who came to the rescue. The uprising troops from all walks of life, but the plan could not keep up with the changes. Xiang Yu came out of the uprising army, and performed a wonderful pen in Julu, defeating the Qin army in one fell swoop.And the other side, Liu Bang, who was originally intended to contain Qin, also approached Hangu Pass.The Achilles heel of the Qin Empire was pierced at once.During the Qin Dynasty during this period, Qin II was always addicted to pleasure, and all the power was controlled by Zhao Gao. Zhao Gao lied to him every day about the military situation and boasted that the situation outside was good, but at this time, he couldn't help it.Qin Ershi was furious when he learned the truth, and scolded Zhao Gao a few words, but Zhao Gao quit.You spend your days drinking and drinking, is it easy for me to hold the power for you?Now it's up to me.Seeing that Qin Er Shi was fighting against him, Zhao Gao simply did one thing and continued: killing the king.Zhao Gao sent his son-in-law Yan Le to break into the palace with a knife in an attempt to kill Hu Hai. Hu Hai, who had been incompetent all his life, finally showed some ancestral demeanor. Inadvertently created a record: he was the first emperor to commit suicide in Chinese history, and also the first emperor to be forced to commit suicide by his subordinates.

Hu Hai wiped his neck happily, but the matter is not over, what if the emperor is dead?Zhao Gao thought it would be easy to handle, wouldn't it be enough to set up another one?Who can stand?Back then, Hu Hai's brothers and sisters were all killed!Thinking about it, there is finally another one: Ziying. Whether Ziying was Fusu's son or Qin Shihuang's son, there are various opinions in various modern history books, but this only surviving Qin royal family is a rare good man.Back then when Hu Hai intended to kill Meng Tian, ​​no one dared to speak out, but Ziying came forward and said that Meng Tian was the late emperor's general after all, and he would be sorry for the late emperor if he killed him.Although Qin Ershi didn't listen to him, but when everyone dared not take a breath, he actually went against the current and took the risk to save Meng Tian, ​​it was indeed courageous. Zhao Gao doesn't like this courageous person, but at this time the situation is stronger than others, and he is the one to blame.More importantly, the treacherous and cunning Zhao Gao knew that the current situation was irreversible. Zhang Han was beaten to annihilation, and he simply surrendered to Xiang Yu. The territory east of Hangu Pass no longer belonged to the Qin Dynasty.Inside Hangu Pass, the situation is also panicked, and it seems that sooner or later the rebel army will enter Hangu Pass.At that time, under the overturned nest, there will be no eggs. Zhao Gao is clear about this situation, but the key is what to do?To rectify the suppression of soldiers and horses?Don't be kidding, Qin Guo even sent out the slaves who repaired Qin Shihuang's tomb, and they were beaten to death.Is that Xiang Yu easy to provoke?The domineering spirit of breaking the boat, killing whoever is caught, this time it is not us suppressing others, but others suppressing us.In such a situation, Zhao Gao was quite clever, and he told Ziying, I want to support you to succeed me, but our current territory is about the same size as the Qin State in its early years, so why don't you call yourself the emperor, and call him the King of Qin instead. Since Hu Hai's death, although Qin's foreign wars have deteriorated, Zhao Gao's power in the palace has been thriving.At this time, the princes of Xianyang, who had some soldiers and power in their hands, were either Zhao Gao's relatives or Zhao Gao's clan.Seeing the rebel army approaching day by day, there was no place to run, so a king came out, and the rebel army really came, and when the time came, they would be handed over. This is Zhao Gao's wishful thinking. There is never a shortage of villains. He is an eunuch. The rebel army may not kill him, but Ziying is different. It is a threat.It must be slaughtered with one knife, and if I cooperate more at that time, I may be able to get a part-time job in the new regime. But Zhao Gao had calculated thousands of times, but he missed one person: Ziying.In Zhao Gao's eyes, Ziying was just a puppet, he just listened to what he said, there was nothing to worry about.But Zhao Gao forgot that when Hu Hai purged the clan and killed so many brothers and sisters, how could this Ziying survive.Including Meng Tian's matter, Hu Hai was determined to kill the two Meng family brothers at that time, whoever said love would be unlucky, why is this Ziying, even though Hu Hai didn't listen to him, he didn't do anything to him.A person who can successfully survive the bloody storm in the palace must have a few brushes. There are only a few records of Ziying in the "Historical Records", but it is written in "Tong Zhi·Qin Ji": "Ziying and his son are quite virtuous, and the people love him very much." The reputation of the family was still very good at the time.From Qin Shihuang to Qin II, he has always been a very low-key person.But keeping a low profile doesn't mean not talking. According to the "General History", when there was a disaster in Guanzhong, he used his own money and food to help.Later, when Zhao Gao came to power, some ministers offended Zhao Gao, and he often came forward to intercede.In Zhao Gao's eyes, Ziying is just a timid and good man, so he doesn't treat him very well.According to Zhao Gao's wishful thinking, if Li Ziying is the king, if Hangu Pass can be guarded, he will continue to manipulate the Qin State's affairs, and if he can't, he will surrender at that time.When Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records", he believed that Zhao Gao had sent someone to contact Xiang Yu at that time, intending to send the entire Qin royal family as a generous gift.With Xiang Yu's thoughtless performance, Zhao Gao will probably accept it. In the early days of being supported by Zhao Gao, Ziying performed very well. He was very polite when he met Zhao Gao, just like Hu Hai before his death.He judged that the baby would be an easier puppet to manipulate.On the surface, Ziying seems to have no choice, Zhao Gao's people inside and outside the palace, what can you do. No, there is still a chance, maybe a chance that is not a chance. The name of this opportunity is Sacrificial Ancestral Temple. According to the ancestral system of the Qin family, when the new monarch ascends the throne, a sacrificial ceremony must be held in the ancestral temple. Although the family situation is a bit bleak now, it is still impossible to let the ancestors down.Only after the sacrificial ceremony is held, can it be regarded as a formal succession. So these days, Zhao Gao has been talking about offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple, and the invitations have been sent out. If the pomp is to be grand, it should be regarded as a celebration.But Zhao Gao heard a bad news. The baby puppet he had just found seemed to have suffered from fright.Eighty percent of the time, the front line was always getting bad news, and I was frightened. But Zhao Gao quit. I don't care what kind of scare you are, but you have to do it for me.You have to take over. If I take over, it will save trouble.After taking over, I don't care if you scare into an idiot, but not now, you have to go through this process as soon as possible.So Zhao Gao thought of a lot of ways, using both the soft one and the hard one, but Ziying refused to come after gnashing her teeth to death. I was really sick from fright, can you just be two days late? Zhao Gao got angry, two days late?Two days later, people came to the door of the house by phone, no, immediately, immediately, come to the ancestral temple to offer sacrifices and take over for me.Ziying is also very angry, I am so sick, can't you talk about humanitarianism?Anyway, I can't come, you can figure it out, the two families have been fighting for a long time, and the matter is so deadlocked. At this time, an eunuch next to Zhao Gao spoke. This eunuch is called Han Tan. He has been honest for many years and has always been Zhao Gao's confidant.Han Tan persuaded Zhao Gao: "This kid is acting cowardly. Go over there and scare him twice to see if he dares to come?" Scold him to vent his anger.Zhao Gaoxiong and Han Tan strenuously entered the Zhai Palace where Ziying lived. "I said this Ziying, what's the matter with you, you still let me carry the sedan chair to invite you." Zhao Gao was writing the manuscript, thinking about how to put on a majestic education to teach Ziying, but suddenly realized something was wrong. She doesn't look sick at all, her face is very ruddy, and she eats and sleeps well.Looking back again, Han Tan next to him actually copied a bunch of guys, Zhao Gao realized that he was fooled. Ziying wanted to get rid of Zhao Gao a long time ago, and Han Tan was his internal agent, and he had been arranged by Zhao Gao's side for a long time, a very hardcore internal agent, first showing weakness and paralysis, and then finding excuses to attract him, and finally in his own Kill the house with a knife!knock off. In this way, the first eunuch at the end of the Qin Dynasty ended his life full of evil. In his life, he killed Fusu, forced Meng Tian to death, and even defeated Li Si, the master of the Legalist school. Let this Ziying die. After Zhao Gao died, Ziying came to the throne with vigor.After the sacrificial ceremony at the ancestral temple, Ziying became the last King of Qin. After seizing power, he swiftly killed Zhao Gao's family and cronies, killing all of Zhao Gao's forces in Xianyang. It can be seen that he He is also an extremely powerful character, but such a character appeared too late. When Zhao Gao died, it was September 207 BC. At this time, Xiang Yu was still cleaning the battlefield in Julu, and Liu Bang's partial division was rushing to Hangu Pass.At this time, although the Qin Dynasty retreated into the Guanzhong Plain, there was still Xiaoshan as a barrier outside.What's more, the action of killing Zhao Gao made Ziying's prestige unprecedentedly increased.The people of Qin were originally martial artists. From Ziying's point of view, it seems that there is no problem in taking advantage of this time to rectify the soldiers and horses to defend Hangu Pass, to protect the state of Qin, or at least to separate the Guanzhong Plain and stand on their own.Ziying really planned to do the same. After killing Zhao Gao, Ziying sent people to declare Zhao Gao's crimes, spread the word to the world, and got the support of the local people in the Guanzhong Plain. Take out all the treasures, and encourage the soldiers to fight the enemy bravely, no matter what, first withstand the enemy and then talk. At this time, Ziying set up three lines of defense around Hangu Pass, among which the focus of defense was chosen at Xiaoshan, which was the passageway from the east of Qin State back then. I hope this time he can become the one to stop the insurgents from advancing westward. door. After a month of careful preparation, Liu Bang came. The reason why Liu Bang came so slowly was not because he played badly, but because when he set off, Liu Bang had only 10,000 people at that time. When he went all the way west, he was mainly doing one thing: pulling the team.Pulling all the way from the Guanzhong Plain to the Hangu Pass, Liu Bang had already pulled 100,000 people at this time. Although the quality was mostly motley troops, the quantity was enough. Seeing that it wasn't Xiang Yu who came, Ziying still had some ideas.Xiang Yu is indeed difficult to beat, Liu Banggui's surname?I haven't heard of it, but it seems that we can still fight, so we immediately sent troops to set up a defense line in Xiaoshan, intending to prevent Liu Bang from advancing.But after waiting for a few days, there was not even a ghost. I was wondering, but suddenly got the news that Liu Bang's army suddenly appeared in the Lantian area, and launched an attack when the Qin army was not paying attention, but stabbed him from behind. After passing Xiaoshan, the Qin army made a knife, and just made a detour like this, Liu Bang actually went around Hangu Pass.At this time, Ziying hurriedly marched in person and led his army to Wuguan in an attempt to confront Liu Bang.Seeing that Ziying's men were united, Liu Bang gave up the idea of ​​attacking and instead sent someone to persuade him to surrender.After weighing the balance of power between the two parties, Ziying sighed: That's it.He had his hands tied behind his back with a rope. On the day of surrender, Ziying tied himself up, got in his exclusive white carriage, and rushed to Liu Bang's camp. At this moment, the powerful Qin Dynasty, Since then, he has died. After Ziying surrendered, Liu Bang's general Fan Kuai proposed to kill Ziying. Liu Bang knew Ziying's prestige among the Qin people, so he didn't do so, but sent someone to arrest him.After entering Xianyang, Liu Bang abolished the harsh laws and regulations of the Qin Dynasty under the reminder of Zhang Liang after the initial slack in military discipline, and made three chapters with the people. He quickly won the hearts of the people and gained a foothold in the Guanzhong Plain.A month later, Xiang Yu's army also arrived. After the Hongmen Banquet with Liu Bang, Xiang Yu replaced Liu Bang and occupied the affluent Guanzhong Plain. The royal family launched a large-scale liquidation and killing. Ziying, who was originally pardoned by Liu Bang, was also killed by Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu collectively murdered.Later, although Xiang Yu proclaimed Zhang Han and others as kings locally, he established himself as the overlord of Western Chu.Liu Bang was blasted far away to Sichuan, but in the eyes of the elders in Guanzhong, Liu Bang became the master in the hearts of the people in Guanzhong. The surrender and killing of Ziying marked the end of the Qin Dynasty, but even for the Chu-Han struggle for hegemony that was already undercurrent at this time, the Ziying incident was also an important turning point. After Zhao Gao's death, Ziying actually had a high status in the hearts of the Qin people. The reason why he chose to surrender was mainly because the elite troops in the Guanzhong Plain had been led by Zhang Han to surrender to Xiang Yu, and then let others cheat him. up.He really couldn't bear to ruin the lives of the local elders with such a disparity in power. He exchanged the honor and disgrace of one person for Liu Bangjun's autumn without committing crimes. The position in the heart of the Guanzhong elders is very lofty.After Liu Bang entered the pass, he pardoned Ziying, and made three chapters with the common people to enforce strict discipline, which made him popular among the elders in the pass.But Xiang Yu, who is powerful at this time, is helping Liu Bang.The people in Guanzhong were against Xiang Yu, because Xiang Yu was from Chu. In the history of the Warring States Period, the war between Chu and Qin was the most tug-of-war. Qin people always looked down on Chu people.If you want to win the hearts of the Qin people who have long regarded themselves as overlords, you don't need to use some methods. However, Xiang Yu's method is to add fuel to the fire. He burned the Afang Palace, killed 200,000 Qin soldiers, and killed Qin. The nobles of the country allowed the soldiers to loot wantonly in the Guanzhong Plain, and the anger in the hearts of the Qin people had long been ignited.When did the tough and martial Qin people suffer such humiliation, and it was the defeated Chu people who humiliated us!Later, when enfeoffing the princes, Xiang Yu assigned Zhang Han to the local area, but in the eyes of the local people, Zhang Han was a traitor and the murderer who caused 200,000 township party members to be buried alive.How could it be possible to listen to his greeting?At this time, there is only one hero left in the hearts of the people in Guanzhong: Liu Bang! Therefore, in the later Chu-Han struggle for hegemony, after Liu Bangming built plank roads and darkened Chencang, the land of Sanqin became Liu Bang's most solid rear.In Liu Bang's battle against Zhang Han, many times the local people took the initiative to surrender, and even hijacked the guards to surrender. Zhang Han's army composed of local people also defected, and Zhang Han had to commit suicide in the end.When Liu Bangdong entered the Central Plains and competed with Xiang Yu, the Guanzhong area became Liu Bang's main source of troops. Especially after Liu Bang's entire army was wiped out in the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiao He, who was in charge of logistics in the Guanzhong area, took the initiative to visit from house to house and quickly gathered for Liu Bang. He formed a new army composed of local Qin people's children.From the perspective of soldiers, the magnificent Chu-Han War was actually a battle between the Qin people and the Chu people. Although the Qin Dynasty perished, the Qin Dynasty had a huge influence on later generations, especially the next unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty.It can be said that the Western Han Dynasty has the imprint of the Qin Dynasty in every aspect. From the perspective of the external environment, the Great Wall of the Han Dynasty that defended against the Huns was built on the basis of the Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty.Throughout the Han Dynasty, this was the barrier for the Central Plains people to defend against the invasion of the Huns in the north.During the period when Emperor Wu of the Han fought against the Xiongnu, after Wei Qing regained the Hetao Plain, the minister Zhu Fuyan advocated the construction of city defenses on the Hetao Plain. Qin Shihuang's fault, Qin Shihuang's fault was the improper use of people's power. Now that there is the Great Wall, the Xiongnu can only come once or twice a year. If there is no Great Wall, the northern frontier is safe to defend, and the Xiongnu will come every day, every month. Excuse me. Is this situation even worse?" In the southern region, after the founding of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty inherited the ruling position of the Qin Dynasty over South Vietnam, and first ruled at intervals in the name of vassal states. It is worth mentioning that at this time, the king of South Vietnam, It was Zhao Tuo, the county magistrate who was stationed in Xiangjun, Nanyue during the Qin Dynasty.Thanks to Qin Shihuang's development in the early years, more than 500,000 Qin army soldiers and civilian husbands were eventually stranded in the southern country because of the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, and lived together with the local Yue people, which accelerated the process of bridging the ethnic boundaries between Han and Yue.During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, after defeating the Huns in the north, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also occupied South Vietnam. After the Qin Dynasty, he once again included today's Guangdong and Fujian regions into counties and counties directly ruled by the central government.The expansion of the territory of the Han Empire was indeed based on the territory of the Qin Empire. In terms of political institutions, the Han Empire also inherited a lot from the political system of the Qin Dynasty. In terms of the establishment of local institutions, the Han Dynasty initially implemented a parallel system of county and county systems and enfeoffment systems. Inherited from the Qin Dynasty.Regarding the establishment of central government positions, the Han Dynasty retained the post of "Censor Doctor" that appeared in the Qin Dynasty, and put the supervisory power in the hands of the Central Committee.In terms of the military system, the Han Dynasty followed the Qin Dynasty's system of conferring military merits, rewarding soldiers with the number of beheads, and motivating soldiers to fight.The Han Dynasty was able to finally defeat the mighty Huns after decades of recuperation, and from the beginning to the end, the Han army maintained a strong combat effectiveness and a high winning rate against the surrounding nomads, which benefited from it.In terms of military equipment, the Qin army's advanced crossbow equipment was inherited by the Han army. During the Warring States period, the Qin army often adopted the tactics of outflanking the encirclement and gathering the enemy's vital forces. During the Han Dynasty, it also became the patent of the Han army. Yes, the Han army has stronger economic strength than the Qin Dynasty, and is better than the Qin Dynasty in terms of the quality of war horses and the number of cavalry.In the war with the Xiongnu, the tactics formed by the Han army of maneuvering against maneuvering, combining intensive shooting with crossbow arrows and outflanking and encircling cavalry were also born out of the invincible Qin army.In all aspects of the political life of the Han Dynasty, traces of the Qin Dynasty were left without exception.An equally important one is that in the history of the Western Han Dynasty, the setbacks of the Qin Dynasty have always been a lesson for the Western Han Dynasty. Whenever the emperor wants to make important decisions, especially decisions such as foreign wars, someone will always come up with the Qin Dynasty For example, for comparison, the most typical one is that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty suffered a great decline in national power due to natural and man-made disasters in his later years, but because of the lessons learned by Qin Shihuang, he still decisively issued an edict of guilt and resumed production.The Qin Dynasty is actually a long-lasting mirror of the Han Dynasty.