Chapter 11 Chapter Eleven Baiyue Enters China

The reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che was the famous era of "great unification" in Chinese history. When talking about great unification, there are naturally many contents, such as the great unification of centralization.After Han Jingdi Liu Qi cut down the vassals, he carried out a policy of suppressing the vassal states, weakening the power of the vassal states, and through the implementation of the "Tweeting Order", completely disintegrated the threat of the vassal states to the central government, so that the Western Han Dynasty did not have a situation of separatist regimes.Another example is the ideological unification, which formally established the idea of ​​"abandoning all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", and the dominance of Confucian culture in Chinese cultural history began from then on.What is more important is the "great unification" of the country. In the early days of the Western Han Dynasty, the Nanyue princes were attached to the country. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Che completely changed from a princely country to a county. Today, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi, All were governed by counties and counties directly established by the Han Empire, and the southern provinces were officially connected to the Central Plains from then on.This is an achievement that has had a profound impact on Chinese history.

The realization of this step is naturally not all smooth sailing.Since Zhao Tuo established the Nanyue Kingdom in the early Western Han Dynasty, Nanyue has existed as a vassal state. Although it belongs to the Western Han Empire, it is not directly ruled after all.With the strengthening of the connection between the Western Han Dynasty and the South Vietnam region, the abolition of the vassal states and the establishment of direct central rule have also become the general trend. An important figure who completed this "general trend" is the famous final army in history. The final army, once had a very high reputation in the history of the eight-year war of resistance. The first sentence in the military song of the National Revolutionary Army is "If you don't see it, the Han Dynasty army, the weak crown is the captive and the long tassel. If you don't see it, Ban Dingyuan, Jueyu Qingqi Destroy Zhanyun".The so-called "Ban Dingyuan" refers to Banchao, the Marquis of Dingyuan who made great achievements in opening up the Western Regions in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The final army who can stand alongside such a person is naturally not an ordinary person.In fact, he was the key figure who caused the South Vietnamese separatist regime to finally give up independence and belong to the central county.Although his life was short, his brilliance was never under Banchao's management of the Western Regions. His heroic martyrdom ended in a thousand years, and he was admired and respected by countless people with lofty ideals.During the tragic eight-year war of resistance, it still became the spiritual pillar of millions of Chinese soldiers who fought bloody battles on the front line.

The founder of Nanyue, Zhao Tuo, died of illness in 137 BC at the age of 97. He was the prince with the longest life expectancy among the princes and kings of the Han Dynasty.Behind him, the history of Nanyue Kingdom is drawing to a close.After Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty re-emerged as a vassal queen, Zhao Tuo began to stop warfare and develop production, but the "dominant" status of Nanyue in South China was gradually weakening.To the east of South Vietnam, today's Fujian and Zhejiang regions, there is still the "Minyue" regime, and Minyue has become increasingly powerful and has begun to continuously invade surrounding areas.Speaking of this "Minyue", it is also a regime that existed at the same time as Nanyue. It was canonized as a vassal state during Liu Bang's period, and the main ethnic group was the local Yue nationality. Two regimes, of which Minyue is the strongest, often send troops to harass the surrounding areas.Regardless of Nanyue, Dongou, and Nanhai, they have continuously written to the Han Empire to complain.Regarding the conquests between these countries, the Western Han Dynasty has long adopted an attitude of "negotiating peace", trying to uphold justice in the name of the central government, and rarely mobilizing troops.After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che ascended the throne, the south of the Yangtze River in China was still surrounded by political powers. The actual control area of ​​the Han Empire was as far south as Hunan, and southeast, only Zhejiang.

In such a situation, the young Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty would naturally not be reconciled.In the early days of his ascension to the throne, the wife of Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Dou, was still alive, and most of the country's major affairs were concentrated in her hands.Even so, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty still saw every stitch.In 138 BC, the Minyue Kingdom launched an invasion of the Eastern Ou Kingdom. Even though the Empress Dowager Dou stated that she could not use troops, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty still sent his cronies Yan Zhu as envoys to mobilize the Han Dynasty in the name of mediating disputes between the two parties. The garrison stationed in Kuaiji, Zhejiang Province attacked Minyue and forced Minyue to withdraw.After this incident, the entire Dongou tribe was "attached" and moved to live in the Huai'an and Yancheng areas in northern Jiangsu today, and they have been completely integrated into the Han nationality since then.The Nanyue Kingdom, which was originally the overlord of South China, was suffering from the invasion of Fujian and Vietnam at this time.In his later years, Zhao Tuo had already given up part of his territory to the east due to the invasion of Minyue and adopted a defensive strategy.After Zhao Tuo's death in 137 BC, he was succeeded by his grandson Zhao Hu.In 135 BC, two years after Zhao Tuo's death, Minyue launched a large-scale attack on South Vietnam. Zhao Hu, who could not resist, asked Emperor Wu of the Han for help. This time, Emperor Wu of the Han decisively sent troops. Under the military power of the court, Minyue once again retreated without a fight.The decisive actions of the Han Empire not only caused Minyue to restrain temporarily, but also made Nanyue feel in danger. After the incident, Zhao Hu originally planned to go to court to meet Emperor Wu of Han, but the ministers of Nanyue, who deeply felt Emperor Wu of Han's ambition to unify southern China, strongly opposed it. In the end, he just sent his son Zhao Yingqi into Chang'an as a hostage.

In the early days of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in addition to adopting a policy of preparing for war against the Xiongnu, the policy of unifying the land in southern China was also proceeding in an orderly manner.The Han Empire changed the strategy of "governing by doing nothing" of the previous generations of emperors, and adopted a policy of attacking the southern states, especially the two conquests against Minyue and the internal migration of Dongou, which greatly improved In order to strengthen the prestige of the central government in the south, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty at the beginning of his ascension to the throne intended to maintain the balance of power among the southern vassal states, so as to lay the foundation for the unification of the south and the defeat of each.

The Nanyue regime at this time was just like "Wang Xiaoer's new year is not as good as every year".Compared with Zhao Tuo who founded the foundation, Zhao Hu is still the lord of the city. During his tenure, his rule was still stable.But at this time, Zhao Hu was already wary of the Han Empire. He began to build a large number of checkpoints from Han to South Vietnam, sent more troops, and at the same time refused to enter Chang'an to meet Emperor Wu of the Han for various reasons.Especially for Minyue, which used to be an "enemy country", he also turned into a good friend, colluding with Yushan, the king of Minyue, and being mutual lips and teeth.In 130 B.C., Panyang ordered Tang Meng to play a petition, asking Tongyelang, that is, to borrow a way from the Yelang Kingdom in Yunnan, so that he could use this place to advance troops and pacify the Nanyue regime in the future.Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, entered the Southwest the next year, and persuaded the Yelang Kingdom to return to the Han Dynasty, and established counties there.Since then, the Han Empire has formed a pincer attack on the Nanyue regime in the south.

The turning point in the fate of Nanyue happened after Zhao Hu died. According to the rules of Nanyue, Zhao Yingqi, who had stayed in Chang'an as a hostage, was welcomed back to the country to inherit the throne.At this time, the "good" news for the Western Han Dynasty was that Zhao Yingqi married a local woman named Mishi in Chang'an and gave birth to his son Zhao Xing. Under the pressure of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Yingqi made Zhao Xing his eldest son, so that the next generation The successors of South Vietnam bear the imprint of the Han Dynasty.But Zhao Xing was the youngest son after all, so he gave up his elders to support his younger son, which naturally aroused the dissatisfaction of the Minister of Nanyue Kingdom, and the subsequent turmoil in South Vietnam also stemmed from this.

The decline of the Nanyue Kingdom began with Zhao Yingqi.This person has a cruel personality. After returning to the country and ascending the throne, he began to repel dissidents and kill the ministers of the former king, which caused turmoil in the South Vietnam court.Moreover, he himself is greedy for pleasure, moody, and likes to kill people at will, which has aroused grievances in the country.Regarding the Western Han Empire, Zhao Yingqi also did not relax his vigilance. This period was the period when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty vigorously suppressed the princes. Zhao Yingqi complained of illness many times and refused to go to Beijing to meet Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.Even worse than his father, Zhao Yingqi only sent his youngest son, Zhao Cigong, into Han.Facing the constant pressure from the Western Han Empire, the countries of South Vietnam and Minyue during this period basically hid when they could, and pushed as much as they could, and did not give the Han Empire any excuses to mobilize troops or infiltrate.

The inflection point of the Western Han Empire's transition from a high-handed policy to a unified war against the southern vassal states was 119 BC.In the early days of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the core of his foreign policy was to fight the Xiongnu. The two early military campaigns against Minyue not only expanded the authority of the central government, but also trained the Han army who was about to participate in the war against the Xiongnu.Then, as the strength of the Xiongnu dwindled day by day and the Han Dynasty continued to win, the focus of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gradually changed from the north of the Great Wall to the south of the Yangtze River. The vast southern land was the next target of the Han Empire.

The opportunity to unify South Vietnam occurred in 115 BC because of a woman's infidelity.This woman is the woman Zhao Yingqi married in Chang'an back then - the Hu family. This year, Zhao Yingqi, king of South Vietnam, died of illness, and his son Zhao Xing came to the throne. At this time, Zhao Xing was only 12 years old, and the young master was in power.Although the Xi family is the empress dowager and the "mother of the country" of South Vietnam, she has no prestige in South Vietnam as the "mother of the country". For one thing, she was married by Zhao Yingqi in Chang'an. She is a foreigner and is not accepted by the subjects of South Vietnam When Er Zeqi was young, she was a woman who behaved badly. Before she married Zhao Yingqi, she had a lover named Anguo Shaoji in Chang'an, but the secret work was not done well. well known by all people".With such a criminal record, every move of the Empress Dowager is suspected by the subjects, and even rumors about her often spread.The discord between the monarch and his ministers in South Vietnam quickly reached the ears of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.Everyone knows that this is the best opportunity to unify South Vietnam, but the key is, what to do?

At this time, the protagonist who pacified South Vietnam appeared: the final army. Zhong Jun, courtesy name Ziyun, was born in Jinan, Shandong.When Zhong Jun was a teenager, he was famous for his literary talent in the local area. He was recommended as a doctor at the age of 18. This is a very confident person who is recognized as a person. No matter what he does, he does not believe that he will fail.For example, when he entered Beijing, he passed Hangu Pass, and the local defenders issued him a pass to leave the pass in accordance with the rules. After learning about it, the final army angrily put the pass on the ground, saying, "A man will travel westward and will never come back."After entering the customs, the final army was appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his eloquence, and he was ordered to inspect the princes and countries.After the Battle of Mobei, he was also sent as an envoy to the Xiongnu, and reprimanded the Xiongnu Shanyu with his arrogance. Although the Huns were annoyed, they did not dare to do harm, and instead sent him back as a gift.In the Han Empire at that time, he was a well-known young talent. After the news of Nanyue's discord between the monarch and his ministers and internal conflicts came, this man who had always been very confident stepped forward again. He was very confident that he could solve this problem - the issue of South Vietnam's internal attachment. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also established a strategy: send envoys to persuade South Vietnam to attach to the country.This strategy is easy to say, but very difficult to implement: Nanyue has been a vassal state of the Han Dynasty for more than 100 years. After all, there is no major mistake such as rebellion, and the reasons for it are obviously insufficient.What's more, it is Lu Jia who is in charge of Nanyue at this time. He is a well-known ruthless character, and he is relentless in killing and attacking. There are more than 100 relatives of his family who are officials in Nanyue. Such a local snake, whether the envoys can complete the mission in the past , If you can come back alive, you will be considered Amitabha. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked who could be sent as an envoy to South Vietnam, the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty answered him with silence.When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty felt a little disappointed and continued to wait, he suddenly heard a loud and clear voice: "I wish to accept the long tassel, and I will surely restrain the king of Nanyue and send him down!" Of course, there is a reason why Zhong Jun dared to say this. The Huns have scolded him, and he has scolded the royal princes all over the Central Plains. He has never met an opponent when he grows up. The more challenging, the more proactive you are.South Vietnam was the next challenge in his eyes. Of course, he did not expect that this would be the last one in his life. The confident attitude and loyalty of the final army moved Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After careful preparations, this mission was finally formed. He also went with Wei Chen, a warrior who was known for his bravery at that time.Just in case, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also ordered Weiwei Lu Bode to lead his troops to station in Guiyang to meet the mission.Wu's writing was used, even his old lover, with only one purpose: to pacify the South Vietnam. The mission arrived in South Vietnam, and the process went very smoothly.But a good start is not necessarily half the battle.The Empress Dowager of the Qian family was naturally willing to join her. She had a bad life in Nanyue and missed her hometown in Chang'an all the time.Although Zhao Xing is a prince, he grew up in Chang'an since he was a child. Naturally, this nominal prince is not very attractive. Instead of being a "child prince" here, it is better to bring the prince back to Chang'an and live a comfortable life.The only resistance is Lu Jia, the prime minister of South Vietnam at this time.At this time, the final army played a role. His greatest feature is that he can speak, not only can speak but also scold.In the Nanyue court, the final army and Lu Jia had a series of debates, and the sharp words made Lu Jia speechless. Even when Lu Jia tried to force the final army to submit by threatening force, the final army was not afraid, and he was generous. Standing in front of the blade, he glared at Lu Jia.His extraordinary demeanor finally convinced Nanyue, the Queen Mother of Nanyue's family and King Zhao Xing, both agreed to return to the Han Dynasty.Especially Mrs. Xi, thinking that not only can she bring her son home, but also reunite with her old lover Anguo Shaoji, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.So far, the matter of Nanyue's internal attachment seems to have been a matter of course. The undercurrent of opposition also began to surge at this time.Although Lu Jia couldn't argue with the end of the army, he had power and soldiers after all. Once the Nanyue Kingdom was abolished, he would suffer the most. Therefore, mobilizing all forces and vowing to carry the "independence movement" to the end became his only choice.The Empress Dowager of the Lu family was well aware of Lu Jia's threat. She originally hoped to rely on the power of the Han envoy to get rid of Lu Jia, so she deliberately invited Lu Jia to a banquet in the palace, and invited the Han envoy Anguo Shaoji to accompany her. With regard to the issue of South Vietnam's domestic attachment, the Hu family and Lu Jia had another quarrel. Originally, according to the Hu family's plan, if Lu Jia said something outrageous, Anguo Shaoji could arrest Lu Jia in the name of the imperial envoy and get rid of this Big trouble.For this Hongmen banquet, the scheming Lu Jia had already prepared for it. Before going to the banquet, he sent his younger brother to lead troops to guard outside the palace gate. Anguo Shaoji hesitated, and finally did not dare to act rashly.After this incident, because she blamed Anguo Shaoji for being incompetent, the Empress Dowager was so angry that she hit her head against the wall and scolded her old lover for being cowardly. Whether it's a mouse-throwing weapon, or hitting your head against the wall in anger, the consequences for Lu Jia's letting the tiger go back to the mountain are serious, but Anguo Shaoji likes to report good news and not bad news. After the internal affairs are settled, he happily writes a work report to Emperor Wu of Han However, the obstruction of Lu Jia was understated, which gave Emperor Wu of the Han an illusion that all the people in Nanyue agreed to enclose, but the prime minister Lu Jia objected.In the eyes of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the prime minister of a small country is of course a small problem, and the small problem is naturally treated lightly: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only ordered Han Qianqiu and Yu Le (the younger brother of the Empress Dowager) to lead two thousand Han soldiers into South Vietnam. to put pressure on South Vietnam. The "understatement" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty obviously did not help. Hearing the arrival of the Han army, Lu Jia not only did not panic, but spread the rumors everywhere, saying that "the Empress Dowager of the Han family had an affair with the Han envoys and colluded with the Han army to annex South Vietnam."As a result, the whole South Vietnam united around Lu Jia instead.With the support of all his subjects, Lu Jia became courageous and brazenly launched a coup: In 112 BC, Lu Jia led an army to attack the palace and killed the Nanyue King Zhao Xing and the mother and son of the Queen Mother of the Han Dynasty. All died in the chaos.It is a pity that the young hero of the final army was only 21 years old when he was martyred, and he was called "the final boy".Afterwards, South Vietnam gathered heavy troops, defeated Han Qianqiu's two thousand Han troops, sealed off checkpoints in various places, and formally fought against the Han Dynasty. The incident in South Vietnam reached the ears of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he was furious immediately.From another perspective, the occurrence of this incident also gave the Han Dynasty the best excuse to solve it by force: the former Nanyue was a prince of the court after all, and could not use force easily. This can be justified. In the autumn of 112 BC, the Western Han Empire launched a conquest against South Vietnam. This time, the Han Empire mobilized 100,000 troops and divided them into five groups, marching from Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangxi Lijiang River, in an attempt to pacify South Vietnam in one fell swoop.This war starts in spring and lasts for a whole year.Tang Mengtong Yelang's previous efforts were rewarded. The key road for the Han army was led by Lu Bode to take the passage from Sichuan to Yelang into the territory of South Vietnam, and the road was overwhelming.In the winter of the second year, Lu Bode and Yang Pu's troops joined forces outside the city of Panyu, the capital of South Vietnam. Lv Jia, who had been arrogant before, was beaten to the point of exhaustion and had to defend the isolated city.The Han army adopted night attack tactics. Yang Pu led the army to make a surprise attack late at night, and then Lu Bode set up an ambush outside the city to intercept and kill. Under the combination of inside and outside, Panyu City was breached, and Lu Jia, who fled in a hurry, was captured by the Han army's Sun Du. The "false emperor" Zhao Jiande supported by Lu Jia was captured alive by Su Hong's troops of the Han army.It is worth mentioning that when the report of Lu Jia's capture came, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was on tour in Henan. I hate it to the bone. With the capture of Lu Jia and others, the history of the Nanyue Dynasty finally came to an end.The Han Empire officially canceled the country title of Nanyue, and divided the territory of Nanyue into nine counties, which were officially placed under the control of the Han Empire.Since then, the vast Lingnan land has been truly integrated with China. While pacifying the Nanyue Kingdom, the Han army also "wrapped the grass and beat the rabbits", and by the way, wiped out another southern Chinese regime, the "Minyue Kingdom".In contrast, after Emperor Wu of the Han ascended the throne, the Minyue Kingdom was the most "arrogant" family. The two mobilizations in the south by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the early days were all related to the Minyue Kingdom. Dongou, once to rescue Nanyue who was attacked by Minyue Kingdom.It was not until the Han Dynasty came to the rescue of South Vietnam that Yu Shan, the younger brother of the King of Minyue, killed the former King of Minyue and professed his vassal to the Han Dynasty. Only then did the two sides temporarily achieve peace, but the unstoppable trend has long been formed.During the pacification of South Vietnam by the Han Dynasty, the Minyue Kingdom felt that the opportunity had come. First, when the Han Dynasty soldiers were dispatched, they offered to send troops to assist the Han Dynasty in fighting, pretending to show their loyalty.However, after the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam, when the Han soldiers were exhausted, Yu Shan blatantly raised the flag to stand on his own, but his "self-reliance" was not creative, and he even followed Zhao Tuo's name, calling himself "Emperor Wu".He took the initiative to find trouble, canonized the general under his command as "General Tun Han", and sent troops to attack Jiangxi to intercept and kill the local Han army.At first, they won consecutive victories, and even killed three Han Dynasty captains.But Yu Shan's "no creativity" had serious consequences, and the Han army, who was relieved, immediately launched a counterattack.This time the Han army fought a beautiful sea raid. Han Shuo led the navy from Zhejiang to the sea, and went straight to Yu Shan's old nest in Fujian. In the territory, under the attack from the north and the south, the Minyue army was quickly beaten back to its original shape. Not to mention the repeated defeats, all the troops turned their backs one after another. The previously arrogant "Emperor Wu" Yu Shan suddenly became a polished commander.In the winter of 111 BC, Yu Shan’s subordinate general Jugu launched a coup, killed Yu Shan and surrendered to the Han Dynasty. The entire territory of Fujian and Yue, that is, most of today’s Fujian and the vast areas of southern Zhejiang, has since become directly controlled by the Han Empire. counties.With the pacification of the Minyue Kingdom, the "centralization" of the Han Dynasty finally crossed the Yangtze River, and the agricultural civilization of the three major basins of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, and the Yellow River have since been closely connected into one country - China.