Chapter 15 Chapter 15 The Best Economist in the Ming Dynasty——Qiu Jun

The 18 years from 1487 to 1505 was the "Hongzhi Dynasty" during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong Zhu Youtang of the Ming Dynasty. It was also another "golden age" in the history of the Ming Dynasty for nearly three centuries. Repair the Yellow River, reform the tax system and salt administration, increase the country's fiscal revenue, amend judicial regulations, abolish harsh punishments and strict administration, sort out the world's classics, reduce the burden on the people, clear up the land, and curb mergers; rectify the defense line externally, recover Hami, and prevent the Tatars from attacking. In the past 18 years, Wenzhi and Wugong have been commendable, and they are known as "Hongzhi Zhongxing" in history.

This period of "Zhongxing" was also an era of outstanding figures. Civil servants had "two capitals and twelve ministries, only one king Shu" Wang Shu, Minister of the Ministry of Officials, and two ministers of the Ministry of War, Ma Wensheng and Liu Daxia, who also had excellent vision; Liu Jian, Xie Qian, and Li Dongyang, who are known as "the most powerful cabinet in the Ming Dynasty", and Li Min and Ye Qi, who are known as "the most capable ministers of the Ming Dynasty in financial management" in history; the two household ministers; Bai Ang and Xu Guan, outstanding water conservancy experts in China; Among the border generals were Wang Yue, Qin Hong, Chen Shou, Wang Shi and other capable generals who guarded the border and defeated the Mongol invasion several times.Cultural figures are also gathered together. Li Mengyang, the "former seven sons" of the enlightened dynasty, who pioneered poetry and prose, Tang Bohu, a talented painter who has never been born in the history of Chinese art, the "Sanyuan School" of Confucianism represented by Wang Shu, and Chen Baisha, an outstanding thinker of Confucianism in China, are all here. Times shine.Among many heroes, Lenin, the revolutionary mentor of the Soviet Union, only gave the highest evaluation to one person-"the most outstanding figure in the fifteenth century in China" and "the greatest economic thinker in the middle ages of mankind".Qian Mu, a master of modern Chinese studies, also praised him as "a first-class figure in China".This person is Qiu Jun, a cabinet scholar who entered the cabinet as a minister of the Ministry of Rites in the early Hongzhi Dynasty.

Qiu Jun, nicknamed Zhongshen, nicknamed Yufeng, Qiongshan, nicknamed Mr. Haishan, was born in Xiatian Village, Qiongshan County, Hainan Province, and was a famous economic thinker in the mid-Ming Dynasty.In today's Hainan Province, he is honored as "Hainan Double Wall".Together with him, he was called "Double Wall" by Hai Rui, the most upright official of the Ming Dynasty, who was later known to the world.In the early days of the Hongzhi Dynasty when Zhu Youtang came to the throne, faced with the exhaustion of treasury reserves, sharp drop in fiscal revenue, frequent natural disasters in the north and south, continuous wars at the northern border, and difficult internal and external difficulties of the Ming Dynasty, as an important minister, Qiu Jun had an outstanding vision. , Grasp the two key points of governance - efficiency and taxation.After painstaking planning, he finally helped the Ming Dynasty get out of the predicament and usher in a revival again.His outstanding contribution not only deserves the title of "Double Wall", but also can be called the "Chief Designer" of Hongzhi Zhongxing.

Why there is such an evaluation, let us start with Qiu Jun's life. Qiu Jun was born in the nineteenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1421). His fate was very rough. His father died of illness not long after he was born, and he and his mother depended on each other for life.Although his family was poor, Qiu's mother was proficient in writing and ink, and supervised Qiu Jun's studies very early. Qiu Jun also showed unparalleled talent since he was a child.Not only is his talent amazing, but he is also hardworking in his studies. He has loved reading since he was a child. When his family had no money, he tried his best to borrow other people's books to read. According to historical records, "the family is poor and has no books. If you try to borrow books for hundreds of miles, you must get it."Once Qiu Jun borrowed books from an old pedant in the county, but the old pedant refused to borrow books. Qiu Jun was "soft and tough" at the old pedant for half a month, so frightened that the old pedant went to the county government to report to the county government. After the local county magistrate found out Persuading him: "Since you are eager to learn, why not achieve your ambition?" Qiu Jun was allowed to live in the old scholar's house to read.Qiu Jun, a young man, read a lot of books. He was not only familiar with classics and history, but also astronomy and geography, Buddhism, Taoism, agriculture, mulberry, arithmetic and medicine. It was said in the history of Ming Dynasty that he "synthesized the news with extensive knowledge" and it was during this period that he laid the foundation.

In the ninth year of Zhengtong (AD 1444), with the dream of "helping the world", Qiu Jun participated in the Guangdong provincial examination and won the first place in one fell swoop. Three years later, Qiu Jun bid farewell to his mother and went to Beijing to take part in the examination, but this time he "fumbled". Not only did he fail the exam, he even had no travel expenses to return home.Fortunately, the Guozijian Jijiu Xiao Zi appreciated Qiu Jun's talent and recommended him to continue his studies in the Guozijian. After that, he not only carefully tutored Qiu Jun in his studies, but also often helped him in life. Seven years later, Qiu Jun was finally named on the gold list, and was selected as a "shujishi" as a first-class official, and entered the Imperial Academy as a lecturer.The Hanlin Academy was jokingly called the "Prime Minister Training Class" by later generations, and it can be said to have a bright future. Three years later, Qiu Jun's "benefactor" Xiao Zi was in a catastrophe. At this time, Zhu Qizhen launched the "Change of Seizing the Gate". , dismissed from office and returned to his hometown, "never use it".Everyone was afraid to avoid it, but Qiu Jun was the only one who sent him off in the suburbs in person because of his "righteousness".Then someone made a "small report" to Zhu Qizhen, but after hearing it, Zhu Qizhen praised and said, "I have never forgotten my kindness, and this is a loyal minister."Instead of embarrassing Qiu Jun, Qiu Jun was promoted to "Hanlin Academy Attendant".During the eight years of the Tianshun Dynasty, Qiu Jun's main job was to give lectures to Zhu Qizhen. Every time he "served the lecture", Qiu Jun was "speaking fluently, citing extensively, eloquently, and to the point." Zhu Qizhen was "overjoyed".Since the winter of the seventh year of Tianshun (AD 1463), Zhu Qizhen’s health has been deteriorating, and many government affairs have been handed over to Zhu Jianshen, who was the prince at the time. Although the ability to govern the world is a bit weak, you can listen to it more.”

The Dateng Gorge Rebellion in the first year of Chenghua (1465 A.D.) not only shocked the Ming Dynasty, but also made Qiu Jun's "talent for governing the world" emerge.At the beginning of the rebellion, all the cabinet ministers opposed the imperial court sending troops, and suggested that the local governments of Guangdong and Guangxi should "conquer and suppress themselves".Afterwards, the rebellion became more and more violent, and the Ming Dynasty had no choice but to appoint Han Yong as a general and dispatched heavy troops to suppress it.At this time, Wang Fu, Shangshu of the Ministry of War, set the combat policy of "step by step". Qiu Jun wrote a letter against it, and proposed to "go straight to Datang Gorge", and described the steps in detail. The first step was to occupy Lipu, Guangxi, and cut off the retreat of the rebels. Then the 160,000 troops were divided into three groups, one for the main attack, and two for feinting to contain the rebels, and finally the third for attacking Datang Gorge and completely annihilating the rebels.After the report was delivered, all the officials of the Ministry of War thought it was absurd, and Wang Hong, the Minister of the Ministry of War (that is, the one who took the lead in beating Ma Shun to death after the Civil Engineering Change), laughed and said, "It's nonsense that Lizi doesn't know about soldiers."However, Li Xian, the chief assistant of the cabinet, and Han Yong, the "commander in chief" of the front line, praised them greatly, and finally acted according to the plan and wiped out the Datangxia rebels in one fell swoop.Han Yong's masterful hand in "striking directly at Huanglong" was actually Qiu Jun's "planning strategy".This great victory also made Qiu Jun famous. Zhu Jianshen, who originally thought that Qiu Jun was "a little less talented in governing the world", also admired him. Afterwards, he was promoted steadily, first promoted to "Bachelor of Attendant of the Imperial Academy", and concurrently served as the Minister of Rites. "Guozijian Jijiu" took the post of "benefactor" Xiao Zi back then.During this period, Qiu Jun was also ordered to compile the "Records of Yingzong". In order to cover up the fault of Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, some colleagues wanted to accuse Yu Qian of crimes when compiling the records, but Qiu Jun resolutely opposed it and insisted on writing straight.Because of his uprightness, we only see the truth of the "Change of Seizing the Gate" today.

Although he has gained fame, Qiu Jun, who is quite "talented in governing the world", did most of his "cultural work" during the more than 30 years of the Ming Yingzong and Ming Xianzong dynasties.He has also made numerous presentations on current affairs, such as Zhu Jianshen's several "search and tao" wars. Qiu Jun shared the opinion of the officials of the Ministry of War and opposed rash use of troops. He said, "The difficulty lies not in fighting or not, but in fighting ", it can be said to hit the nail on the head.On the issue of using troops in the Hetao, Qiu Jun revised the "losing money theory" of Bai Ang, Minister of the Ministry of War, and believed that the development of the Hetao is expensive, but "the benefits of the Hetao's farming and mulberry are enough to lose the use of the nine sides", and it will definitely be able to "relieve the imperial court's military forces." Eliminate the worries of Fei and put an end to the troubles of the displaced people in the Central Plains."In the eighth year of Wang Yue's reign in Chenghua, he defeated the Mongol Khan twice in the 16th year and forced the Tatars to withdraw from the Hetao grassland. Frontier Defense".Regarding the "funding problem" that many courtiers were helpless, Qiu Jun creatively proposed to introduce "preferential policies" to encourage northern merchants, especially Shanxi salt merchants, to set up industries in Hetao and reclaim farmland.This memorial caused a lot of criticism. Yin Qian, Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, accused Qiu Jun of "taking an important position in the Ministry of Rites and not thinking about his own duties, but talking about the affairs of the Ministry of Household Affairs indiscriminately. This is a dereliction of duty".Mao Hong of the Criminal Division gave Qiu Jun a label of "changing the law without authorization and talking about the ancestral system". Do not check."Regarding all these, Zhu Jianshen "doesn't investigate", but he also "doesn't accept". On the contrary, he persuaded Qiu Jun many times, "Although it is commendable for you to worry about state affairs, it is not your responsibility to manage money and use soldiers. I use you, but your Nagano. ", I still hope that Qiu Jun will do a good job in "cultural work".Of course, Qiu Jun's "cultural work" during this period was not bad. First, the "promotion system" was promulgated, that is, the magistrates of counties across the country need to select three young talents under the age of 14 who are from poor families but eager to learn. , report to the central government to complete their studies with state funding.This can be called the earliest "compulsory education law" in the world.In addition, he is also the Guozijian Jijiu (Principal of Central University). He has carefully educated for many years and cultivated many talents for the country. Many heroes of the Hongzhi and Zhengde dynasties came from him.While editing "The Records of Yingzong", he also compiled another classic of historical materials - "Song and Yuan Compendium". An important reference, until today it is still the key research object of scholars of Mongolian history from all over the world.Although in Zhu Jianshen's time he was considered "a little less talented in governing the world", Qiu Jun's position as the Minister of Rites was as stable as Mount Tai, and he "stayed out" in the intricate officialdom battles, which was a blessing in disguise.But Qiu Jun, who "sit on the mountain and watch the tigers fight", was not idle. Xiang Zhong, Minister of the Ministry of War, scolded Qiu Jun for "talking about soldiers on paper, and he looks like Zhao Kuo".Later, Wang Zhi framed Xiang Zhong, and Qiu Jun also asked his protégé Yushi Yang Li to "follow the trend" to impeach him, which made him worse.Yang Ding, Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, formed a relationship with Qiu Jun because of the Hetao incident, and Qiu Jun later compiled the black material of "using public funds without authorization", and he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown sadly. Officials Mao Hong, Qiu Hong, and Qiu Jun were also "worried about" all the time, and often took advantage of the opportunity of giving lectures to Zhu Jianshen to "speak ill", and eventually they were dismissed from their posts and dismissed from their posts.His act of vengeance also paved the way for his final tragedy.

In addition, during the 23 years of the Chenghua Dynasty, Qiu Jun sneaked in and did one thing silently. It was this thing that not only made him a blockbuster in the early Hongzhi Dynasty, but also established his reputation in Chinese history. Unparalleled lofty status. In December of the 23rd year of Ming Chenghua (1487 A.D.), Zhu Youtang, Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty, who had been on the throne for only a few months, received a ground-breaking gift from Qiu Jun—the masterpiece "Huang Huang" written by Qiu Jun in 20 years of painstaking efforts. University Yanyi Supplement".

"Daxue Yanyi" is a masterpiece of Zhen Dexiu, a famous Neo-Confucianist in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is a Confucian classic that fully inherits and develops Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.As a descendant, Qiu Jun imitated the style of this book and completed an original work-"Da Xue Yan Yi Bu", with only one central idea: governing the world. This 300,000-word work comprehensively discusses various problems faced by the Ming Dynasty at this time-corruption of official style, depletion of wealth, sharp decline in cultivated land, rampant natural disasters, and pointed out two keys to solving the problem-efficiency, tax system.And one of the subversive thoughts is a sentence: Foodies are the foundation of life and people.In China, where the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business has been implemented for thousands of years, it is the first time that the commodity economy is the fundamental proposition of the national economy.The book is divided into twenty-three volumes, all of which talk about economic policies. Taking Confucius's core idea of ​​"what does the sky say, what does the four seasons do, what does the sky say?" Tariff, salt policy and other reform measures.The ideas in the book are a complete subversion of the traditional economic thinking of the two thousand years of Chinese feudal society.Centuries later, when Ji Xiaolan, a great Confucian in the Qing Dynasty, was compiling the "Siku Quanshu", he still denounced Qiu Jun for "doing it rashly, which can be described as absurd."Liang Qichao, the leader of the reformation in the late Qing Dynasty, admired him quite a lot. One day Liang Qichao talked with a wealthy Western businessman, and the other party talked about modern Western mercantilism. , this book has said as much as possible."

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, when Qiu Jun lived, this book naturally caused an uproar once it was published. Xu Pu, who was then a cabinet minister, believed that Qiu Junzhi's words "would harm the country", but the young Zhu Youtang was very interested While studying, I clapped my hands and sighed, saying that Daming has such a genius."A few days later, he expressed his "feelings after reading" to Qiu Jun: "This book is not only a good strategy for saving the time, but also a long-term strategy for governing the world." Immediately ordered Fujian's chief envoy to be responsible for publishing and publishing it nationwide.

It was with this "University Yanyi Bu" as a reference that Zhu Youtang, who ascended the throne as a young man, made a drastic move and started the comprehensive integration of the political economy of the Ming Dynasty. Politically, according to the book, "there are not many official positions, but they are effective. Moral character, but in the supervision and examination", Zhu Youtang appointed Wang Shu as the minister of the Ministry of officials, and established the "Beijing inspection", "selection" and "evaluation" system, which was the predecessor of Zhang Juzheng's "examination method".In terms of taxation, as Qiu Jun said in his book, "The sharp reduction of the national fiscal and taxation is due to land annexation and the shrinking of yellow books, secondly, the huge cost of rice and grain transportation, and thirdly, the overlapping of institutions and joints." Zhu Youzhang simplified the taxation system , reduced taxation agencies, curbed mergers across the country, continued to open the "no man's land" in Liaodong and Huguang, recruited farmers to reclaim land, and eased land conflicts. Payment in silver is the predecessor of the later "one whip method".In the fifth year of Hongzhi, Liu Ji, the former chief assistant of the cabinet, was removed from his post, and Qiu Jun entered the cabinet as a minister of the Ministry of Rites.The reason why he makes an exception is because of his "talent for governing the world". Qiu Jun did not disappoint Zhu Youtang. In addition to his foresight, Qiu Jun planned more detailed reform measures.In the third year of Hongzhi, Zhu Youtang started to rectify the taxes and taxes in the south of the Yangtze River, and cleared the accumulated debts over the years. Qiu Jun believed that "the people are suffering from tyrannical government, and it is not appropriate to force them. They need to stabilize taxes so that they can solve their dilemma."In terms of specific taxation strategies, Qiu Jun introduced the "accountability system", that is, at the beginning of the autumn harvest every year, local officials must "report the plan" to the imperial court. , A small change blocked the official's "greedy ink".In terms of tax and food transportation, Qiu Jun introduced the "military subsidy system". The "transportation army" responsible for escorting the canal tax and food every year will be uniformly subsidized by the Ministry of War to reduce the burden on the transport army. The envoys and inspectors jointly supervise the inventory of tax and food escorts, and implement "collective responsibility". He also created a "point deduction" system. Where there is a reduction in tax and food, officials at all levels who are "jointly responsible" will be "deducted". To a certain extent, they will be automatically "laid off".Under painstaking planning, the Ming Dynasty, which was struggling to make ends meet during the Chenghua Dynasty, finally regained its vitality. Hundreds of years later, Zeng Guofan, a statesman in the late Qing Dynasty, also lamented: "During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, the people did not pay more but the country was sufficient. It is also a lesson." After becoming "Ge Lao", the most important thing that Qiu Jun did - the reform of the salt administration, had a far-reaching impact.The object of the reform was the "opening the Chinese law" initiated by Yang Siyi in the Zhu Yuanzhang era. The original intention of "opening the Chinese law" is to encourage merchants to transport grain to the border by authorizing the salt trade under the premise that the state monopolizes the salt trade.But in the mid-Ming Dynasty, this policy was difficult to implement: one was that officials were greedy for ink and used the salt industry trade for profit; Lead "fishing profit.But the most important one is: the original method of "opening the Chinese law" is that merchants exchange grain for salt, but in the mid-Ming Dynasty, the ratio of salt price to grain price has long changed, and the simple "exchange grain for salt" has long been unprofitable .Therefore, in the early days of Zhu Youtang's accession to the throne, although he repeatedly investigated and dealt with a large number of corrupt Mexican officials, many salt merchants responded to this. Qiu Jun also discussed this problem in "University Yanyi Bu": "The disadvantages of opening up Chinese law are manifested by greed for ink, and the lack of benefits is the main cause." Dang formally reformed the "opening of the Chinese law", from the original "grain for salt" to "silver for salt". Trade prospered as a result.Although this memorial was proposed by Ye Qi, Qiu Jun, the elder of the court, was a staunch supporter. He not only strongly agreed with it in the court, but also argued with Xu Pu and others who opposed the reform. Where not to reach: Zhu Youtang is asked to "adjust the grain from Taicang to Jiubian, and exchange the grain from Taicang to Jiubian silver", that is, to use the government's "macro-control" to prevent the soaring prices caused by too much silver and too little grain.But Zhu Youtang, who was young and eager for success, did not adopt it this time. As Qiu Jun expected, a few years later, the price of grain on the northern border skyrocketed, and the price difference was three times that of the Central Plains.From then on, the Ming Dynasty, which originally monopolized the salt industry, became a "wholesaler". The prosperity of the salt trade led to the rise of the two major merchant groups in Lianghuai and Shanxi.The country not only obtained a large amount of income through the opening of China, but also extracted a large amount of salt tax from the salt industry trade. Tan Qian, a historian in the late Ming Dynasty, once praised: "The benefits of the salt industry in the country have been several times since then. Hongzhi Zhongxing In this "ZTE Bureau", Qiu Jun worked hard to realize his grandfather's high hope of "helping the world", and the history of the Ming Dynasty called him "a generation of virtuous assistants" and "Zhongxing sages", which is most fair . But compared to the many outstanding figures in the 18 years of "Hongzhi Zhongxing", whether it is the "dignified and moderate" cabinet minister Xu Pu, or Ma Wensheng, Liu Daxia, and Wang Shu, who are praised as the "Three Gentlemen of Hongzhi", the six ministers , and Xie Qian, Li Dongyang, and Liu Jian, the three cabinet elders who were praised as "public plots to judge the cabinet", even compared with Yang Shousui, Wang Qiong, Jiang Wan and other local officials who were far inferior to him, as the "deputy prime ministers" of the Ming Dynasty The famous Qiu Jun was not only briefly mentioned in the official history, but also criticized by many "great Confucianists" in the Qing Dynasty, and his evaluation before and after his death was very different.Records about him are rarely found in special biographies, and can only be extracted from the previous "big events" in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.What is the reason for such a quiet reputation? In terms of knowledge, Qiu Jun was known as a child prodigy since he was a child, and he was even called the number one in learning during the Hongzhi Dynasty. He was a rare talent in the officialdom at that time.In terms of political achievements, Qiu Jun has been an official for decades. When he was an official of the Ministry of Rites, he practiced "compulsory education". He asked to sort out the world's classics and rescue countless precious materials.The book "University Yanyibu" has a detached vision. He was the first to lead the century-old trend, and after "entering the cabinet as a prime minister", he made painstaking plans to make advantages and eliminate disadvantages. He can be called the "chief architect" of Hongzhi Zhongxing.In terms of reputation, Qiu Jun was a clean and honest official. As a cabinet minister, his family was extremely poor. The house he lived in was bought when he first entered the capital as an official. In the past 40 years, he had no money to repair it, and it was already dilapidated.He loved reading all his life, and he would buy every good book. When he was short of money, he would rather go to a pawnshop to pawn furniture. By the time he died, his family was destitute.However, for Qiu Jun, who is well-learned, dedicated, and honest, his "old superior", Xu Pu, who was the chief assistant of the cabinet at the time, had a different evaluation in his anthology "Qianzhai Wenlu": "Qiu Gong is inherently talented in the world, However, as an official all his life, he has always been narrow-minded, and he must repay his grievances. Because of a small gap, he framed his colleagues, the party united and attacked differences, and eventually his reputation was damaged. I also sincerely advise all officials in the world." The fact is, as Xu Pu said, Qiu Jun is narrow-minded.During the Chenghua Dynasty, just because of political discord, they took advantage of Xiang Zhong, Yang Ding and others to make trouble when they were framed, which aroused "public indignation".After Zhu Youtang came to the throne, Qiu Jun was promoted to a higher level, and he was also responsible for the "economic construction" of the Ming Dynasty. Although he was the "Prime Minister", he was still "unable to support the boat", and anyone who had different opinions would be "retaliated" by him. Even with his cabinet colleagues, he often quarreled.According to historical records, Qiu Jun once quarreled with his colleague Liu Jian in the cabinet. When his face was flushed, Qiu Jun "threw the crown on the ground" and almost started a fight. Pu said that he "uttered all obscenities, without the style of Zaifu".In addition, Qiu Jun, who is a genius, is also extremely arrogant, and he is especially fond of flattery. Anyone who "praises his talents will be pleased, and those who criticize his faults will be resented."Because of this, in the late period of his official career, he left the biggest stain in his life-the "Wang Shu case" in Hongzhi's six years. Wang Shu, courtesy name Zongguan, was then Minister of the Ministry of Officials of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, he was a well-known "direct minister".During the time of Zhu Jianshen, he once resisted the "acquisition" of the eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty in Yunnan, and rescued the speech officer Lin Jun who was imprisoned for impeaching the demon monk Ji Xiao. Wang Shu".After Zhu Youtang ascended the throne, he recalled the retired Wang Shu and served as Minister of the Ministry of Officials to rectify the administration of officials, eliminate redundant officials and punish corruption, and made a lot of achievements.As an upright and capable official, he was originally the same type of person as Qiu Jun, but unfortunately, Wang Shu had the same aloof temperament. Known as the "Heavenly Official", he often treats the other five ministers with arrogance, especially Qiu Jun, who was then Minister of Rites.At first Qiu Jun could bear it, but after Qiu Jun entered the cabinet in the fifth year of Hongzhi (1492 A.D.), Wang Shu still pointed fingers at Qiu Jun.In August of that year, Wang Shu submitted a list of dismissed officials to Zhu Youtang. Two-thirds of them were "capable ministers" who Qiu Jun planned to use to manage the economy. In front of Youtang, Qiu Jun rebuked Qiu Jun's "bad debts" for framing officials and attacking Xiang Zhong during the Hua Dynasty, which greatly hurt Qiu Jun's self-esteem.After that, the two "did not exchange a word", and the enmity was formed from then on. It so happened that at this time, a doctor named Liu Wentai in the Imperial Hospital also had a grudge with Wang Shu because of the "simplification of the office", so he took the opportunity to flatter Qiu Jun. The two became "invincible friends".Through the joint efforts of the two to "clean black materials", Qiu Jun finally caught a "little braid" of Wang Shu - after Wang Shu was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown during the Chenghua period, he once asked local scholars to write his "glorious deeds" of fighting traitors , which mocked the behavior of the "first emperor" Zhu Jianshen.In the spring of the sixth year of Hongzhi (AD 1493), Qiu Jun "picked the bone in the egg" and instructed Liu Wentai to play, accusing Wang Shu of "slandering the late emperor".Zhu Youtang ordered Jin Yiwei to interrogate Liu Wentai at night. After a short sentence, Liu Wentai, who was soft-boned, confessed his conspiracy with Qiu Jun.After the truth came out, Zhu Youtang, who was also tired of Wang Shu's "domineering", took the opportunity to order Wang Shu to "retire and return to his hometown". This famous old politician bid farewell to the political arena.For Qiu Jun who "struggled and framed", Zhu Youtang only "rebuked" him without adding any crimes, and there was an "uproar in the imperial court" for a while. Although he was eliminated, Wang Shu had a high prestige. He rescued Lin Jun during the Chenghua Dynasty. The "big benefactor" in the eyes of the censors drove away Wang Shu, Qiu Jun can be said to have offended the world's speech officials.In the next few years, Ren Qiujun devoted himself to it, and officials from all walks of life condemned him verbally and pen, and there was an endless stream of memorials to impeach Qiu Jun, thus completely "stinking" Qiu Jun.In July of the eighth year of Hongzhi (AD 1495), Qiu Jun, who had suffered from overwork and illness, passed away at the age of 73. Zhu Youtang was deeply saddened, and gave him the posthumous title of Wenzhuang as a posthumous title to the Tai Tuo, and allocated a special bank to build it in Qiu Jun's hometown. The mausoleum is 6 meters high and divided into 16 steps. There are four characters "Famous Minister of Confucianism" written by Zhu Youtang himself, which shows that the mourning is grand.But the courtiers responded indifferently, and there were very few visitors at the funeral.Liu Wentai, Qiu Jun's "unfamiliar friend" before his death, came to express his condolences, and was thrown out by the Qiu family's family members as soon as he entered the door. Mrs. Qiu Jun cried and scolded on the spot: "You have damaged my husband's reputation very much!" Although it was "destroying the reputation of the Qing Dynasty", Qiu Jun still "focused on his work" when he was dying.At the last moment of his life, Qiu Jun was nearly blind and found it difficult to write, so he still wrote a memorial to Zhu Youtang in an oral way.One is to suggest that Zhu Youtang "can recruit good people from the frontier to be brave, so as to make up for the lack of soldiers in the military households."According to this argument, several months after Qiu Jun’s death, Zhu Youtang officially promulgated the "Minzhuang Law", that is, to select strong and strong militiamen from rural villagers, train them during slack, and incorporate them into the army during wartime. compulsory military service".The second is to complete the revision outline of the "Daming Huidian". According to Qiu Jun's "outline", Zhu Youtang officially issued an edict to revise the "Daming Huidian" two years later, deleting many harsh criminal law provisions in the Zhu Yuanzhang era.The "recorder" who has been by Qiu Jun's side was Qiu Jun's assistant when he compiled "Ming Xianzong Shilu" in the first year of Hongzhi's reign. I".This person was compiled by the Imperial Academy at that time, and later the chief assistant of the cabinet of the Zhengde Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, who was praised by Ming history as a generation of famous ministers who were "calm and prudent" and "recovery and rescue"-Yang Tinghe.