Chapter 34 Chapter Thirty-Three: The Fall of Yunnan

From the day Sun Kewang surrendered, the Qing court took active actions to prepare for a new attack on Nanming. Since Li Dingguo took Emperor Yongli to Yunnan, Nanming's land in Guangxi was lost in the east and west.At present, only the whole of Yunnan and Guizhou, and a part of Sichuan and Hunan are left in the land of Nanhuang. The Qing army's offensive was launched against these four provinces. The process is mainly divided into two stages.The first stage is to break through the defense line and occupy Guizhou; the second stage is to occupy Yunnan and eliminate Nanming. On December 15, 1657, Comrade Aixinjueluo Fulin (Emperor Shunzhi), the "Head of State of the Qing Dynasty and Commander-in-Chief of the National Armed Forces", published the "Letter to the All Banners, the Whole Army, and the People of the Country", calling on everyone to take action, The "last battle" against Nanming was carried out, and the imperial decree of the three-way march was signed.

In the first stage of military operations, the specific composition and marching route of the three-way Qing army were as follows: West Route Army Commanders: Pingxi Wang Wu Sangui, Gushan Ezhen Li Guohan. The composition of the army: Wu Sangui's direct line - Guan Ning cavalry is the main force, supplemented by the Han army from Shaanxi, Sichuan, Gansu and Henan. March route: Hanzhong, Shaanxi → Chongqing, Sichuan → Zunyi, Sichuan → Guiyang, Guizhou. Central Army Commander-in-Chief: Ningnan Jingkou General Luo Tuo (clan member, Manchu), Gushan Ezhenji Xiha (Manchu). Army composition: a small number of Eight Banners stationed in Beijing and part of the Han army under Hong Chengchou.

Marching route: Hunan front → Guiyang, Guizhou. Eastern Route Army Commander-in-Chief: General Zhao Butai (Manchu) who conquered the South, Admiral of Guangxi Guoan. The composition of the army: a small number of Eight Banners stationed in Beijing, part of the Han army under Hong Chengchou, and the Guangxi garrison. March route: Guangxi front → Guiyang, Guizhou. In order to find a commander-in-chief for the three-way Qing army, Emperor Shunzhi, who firmly believed in "brothers fighting tigers, and father and son soldiers in battle", held the principle of "use relatives but not talents", and sent his 23-year-old cousin Doni (Duo Duo) son), appointed General Anyuan Jingkou, commanding the three armies.

And Hong Chengchou, who had worked hard for four years in the management of five provinces, was pushed aside to become Doni's "Chief of Staff and Minister of Logistics". In late February 1658, Luo Tuo of the Central Route Army took the lead in launching an attack on Nanming's Hunan defense line. Nanming's death knell sounded with the rumbling spring thunder. Due to Li Dingguo's "big change of blood" in the army, the generals on the front line of the Ming army are in a period of "out of control". Soon, this line of defense, which spanned hundreds of miles and lasted for more than four years, was broken by the Qing army of Roto.

After breaking through the defense line, the Qing army's confidence doubled, and they took advantage of the victory to occupy Zhenyuan, Huangping, and Pingyue prefectures in Guizhou.In the beautiful spring of April, Guiyang was seized with the arrogance of "the first to enter Guanzhong is the king". Although the West Route Army also entered Sichuan from Hanzhong in February 1658.However, due to supply difficulties, it did not reach Boryeong Prefecture until March 4.After a brief rest of four days here, we moved forward via Xichong. At this time in Sichuan, everything is noisy and human beings are peaceful.After more than 20 years of "cruel cleansing" of war, there is no one in a hundred households, and there are no people living in thousands of miles, making this place return to "prehistoric time".

This situation made these conquerors who had experienced many battles and killed countless people feel "hard" and heartbroken, with chills in their bones. One journey of mountains, one journey of water; one change of wind, one change of rain.On the marching road, the biggest enemy encountered by the Qing troops was not the troops waiting in formation, but ferocious beasts and roads overgrown with thorns. This miserable army can only advance according to the map, cut trees to find the road, cut a piece of wood, and enter a piece of soldiers. It was not until April 3 that it arrived in Chongqing and took this "few soldiers" city , successfully occupied.

After occupying Chongqing, Wu Sangui, the commander-in-chief of the march, followed the Qing government's military plan of "first Guizhou and then Sichuan", disregarding southern Sichuan, and led the army to advance directly through Qijiang to Tongzi, and captured Zunyi on April 30. On May 3, after an arduous march, the West Route Army finally arrived in Guiyang and joined forces with Roto's Central Route Army. After joining forces, the West Route Army continued to attack until Xifeng, and defeated the Ming general Yang Wu in Kaizhou. Afterwards, the West Route Army returned to Zunyi and used the city as its radius of action.On the one hand, he was recuperating, and on the other hand, he was politically induced to surrender.

Compared with the "fast" of the Central Route Army and the "difficult and dangerous" of the West Route Army, the advance of the East Route Army can be regarded as calm and carefree! On February 1, Zhao Butai, Commander-in-Chief of the Eastern Route Army, set off from Hunan with 3,000 troops from Hong Chengchou.Stopping and wandering along the way, I didn't arrive in Guangxi until March 5. Here, together with more than 8,000 soldiers in the hands of Guoan, the admiral of Guangxi, he entered Guizhou via Nandan Prefecture and Nadi Prefecture.He collected Dushan and Duyun successively, and also "smoothly" entered Guiyang to join forces with the other two routes.

So far, the Qing army has occupied the entire area of ​​Guizhou except Qianxi, and the combat objectives of the first stage have been basically achieved. If Yunnan is a "room", then Guizhou is a "tang". Now, if the hall is broken, the room will be in danger! Emperor Yongli and Li Dingguo also understood this very well, so as soon as the Qing army occupied Guizhou, they gave a chieftain named Luo Dashun an official title, and asked him to lead the troops to recover Xintianwei in May, and later returned it to Zhang Xianbi. The rest of the army supplemented food and grass and added equipment to help them counterattack Guiyang.

However, these two small-scale attacks, due to the lack of troops, either gained first and then lost, or worked to no avail! In addition, until the end of September before Li Dingguo's army left Yunnan, Nanming, like an old man who was unresponsive, did not take any large-scale military counter-offensive for more than four months. Readers may want to ask, since the Qing army's operation in February, the Ming and Qing battles have risen, why has Comrade Li Dingguo's figure of "defeating the enemy and winning" disappeared? I can tell you responsibly but helplessly: "Comrade Li Dingguo has not shown any negative signs of sabotage. During this period, he is very busy and very busy!"

Human energy is limited, but "serving the people" is unlimited. Since he presided over the overall work of the Yongli Dynasty, he has been involved in literature and entertainment, socializing, and drinking wine. "Talent" comrades take care of one thing and lose another, and make mistakes. When all these things seemed to be "in shape", it was already September when the autumn wind suddenly started, and the precious time and rare opportunities were gone forever. However, the Qing government, which occupied Guizhou, seized the opportunity and made a quick start. On the one hand, it rested its troops, prepared food and grass, and sent additional reinforcements; The policy of "relief of people's power" has gradually stabilized the people's hearts in Guizhou. After the whole army left Yunnan, Li Dingguo first outflanked Guiyang from all sides, and prepared to take it back in one fell swoop! Just when he had just finished deploying, Hong Chengchou and Doni arrived from Hunan panting with a large number of reinforcements. The situation on the battlefield immediately reversed, and Li Dingguo was forced to switch from offense to defense. He ordered Feng Shuangli to guard Guanling, Qi Sansheng to guard Jigongbei, Li Chengjue to guard Liangshui Well, the rest of Zhang Xianbi to guard Huangcaoba, Bai Wenxuan to guard Qixing Pass, Dou Mingwang and Liu Zhenguo to guard Anzhuangwei, and Bai Ji to lead the "General Reserve Team". Guard the Shuanghekou on the west side of the Beipan River. This kind of deployment, you can understand it at a glance, and it is inseparable from the word "shou". In this regard, I make a little comparison. That was 40 years ago in the Battle of Sarhu, Nurhachi, who was outnumbered and outnumbered, faced the mighty Ming army from all directions, "I will go all the way, I will go all the way", and I will not defend a city at all Instead, concentrate superior forces, choose favorable battlefields and fighters, fight continuously, make quick decisions, and defeat each one. As a result, within five days, three major battles were fought in three locations, annihilating Juniper, defeating Marin, besieging and killing Liu Ting, and scaring away Li Rubo. This battle became the decisive battle of "the fall of the Ming Dynasty and the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty".After that battle, the life of the Qing Dynasty has been getting better day by day, but the life of the Ming Dynasty has been getting worse day by day. Today, 40 years later, Comrade Li Dingguo has done the opposite, scattering the already small number of troops on the battlefield in western Guizhou like stars lighting up the forest. In addition, if we take a closer look at Li Dingguo's resume, we will find that the comrade's military expertise is neither defending the city nor attacking in the field, but laying an ambush on the ground.He is particularly good at using the cover of terrain to achieve greater victories with less casualties. But this time, he "inexplicably" gave up the traditional advantage projects, and started the "least good" passive defense. This approach was just as wrong as when the Red Army gave up the mobile warfare they were good at and fought positional warfare during the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign more than two hundred years later. Which one is victorious and which one is defeated, seems to be clearly revealed before the war begins! But he did have unspeakable difficulties in doing so, because in the current army, the contradiction between "Qin and Jin" has become very prominent.Under such circumstances, it was difficult for Li Dingguo to bring everyone together to fight mobile warfare. He could only place these soldiers in various positions, and let his "Jin soldiers" monitor and supervise the "Qin soldiers" to fight. loyal. Li Dingguo's military deployment made the wise and calculating Hong Chengchou overjoyed. At his suggestion, the Qing army held a meeting of "Army Commanders" in Yangbao, southeast of Pingyue Prefecture. At the meeting, the general policy of dividing troops into three groups, continuing to attack, and defeating each was determined.And according to new problems and new situations, the marching route and the new commander-in-chief will be adjusted as follows: Central Army Commander-in-Chief: Donnie. March route: Guiyang→Anshun→Guanling→Puan→Yunnan. North Route Army Commander: Wu Sangui (Li Guohan is dead) March route: Bijie→Seven Star Pass→Yunnan. South Route Army Commanders: Ji Xiha, Zhao Butai, Xian Guoan. March route: Duyun→Anlong→Huangcaoba→Yunnan. As for guarding Guiyang, maintaining law and order, and transporting grain and grass, it was the task of Hong Chengchou and Luo Tuo (this job has a high safety factor). After the meeting, the young and energetic Doni led the central army and launched an attack on Anzhuangwei. In front of the Qing army, which was superior in both numbers and combat effectiveness, Anzhuangwei quickly fell. The defender Liu Zhenguo died in battle, and Dou Mingwang fled back. After winning the first battle, Doni's next goal is Guanling. Feng Shuangli, who was defending Guanling, was an "old revolutionary". Seeing the large number of Qing soldiers, he immediately gave up his position, retreated to the back of the chicken, and joined forces with Qi Sansheng, preparing to give back to the Qing soldiers. The terrain on the back of Jigong is dangerous, and it really has the momentum of "one man guards the gate, and ten thousand men can't open it". When the Qing army arrived here, they stormed several times, and suffered many casualties, but found nothing, which made them quite worried. But Feng Shuangli was even more worried, because the logistics supply of Huang's army was in chaos, and the food had not been transported to this high ground for several days. The soldiers were in chaos without food. A few days later, the tens of thousands of soldiers who had eaten up their food reserves retreated from their positions in a panic.The two generals of Feng Qi had to "obey the superiors to the subordinates" and abandoned Guizhou and returned to Yunnan in resentment. During the march of Wu Sangui of the Northern Route Army, the main opponent was Bai Wenxuan, and the main target was Qixing Pass. But Qixingguan is really a place where "Xiongguan blocks Dai Lingao, controls Lulong and wins hundreds of prisons". Comrade Wu Sangui from Shanhaiguan can only look at the pass and sigh! If he couldn't attack, he went around, and after being beaten violently in Guanxia, ​​he who had fought for half his life suddenly "saw his way". Under the lure of a lot of money, a local guide with deep knowledge of geography volunteered to lead a "special force" of Wu Sangui to bypass the Qixing Pass, enter the army from a secret path, and directly take the Tiansheng Bridge behind the pass. "The lips are dead and the teeth are cold, and the teeth are dead and the lips are dry." After losing the Tiansheng Bridge, Qixingguan became a source of water, without roots, and within a few days, all kinds of combat materials were exhausted. Seeing that the general situation was irretrievable, Bai Wenxuan was depressed, so he had to take a team with the same mood as him, and returned to Yunnan via Usa Mansion (now Yanning County, Guizhou Province). Finally, let’s talk about the South Route Army. The "advance obstacle" encountered by Zhao Butai of the Southern Route Army was neither a mountain nor a pass, but a river—Beipanjiang. On the banks of the Beipan River, the Ming army had sunk all the ships on the Qing side to the bottom, and they were waiting in formation on the opposite bank, waiting for the Qing army to "beat the dogs in the water" when they crossed the river. There was no ferry in his hand, and there were strong soldiers on the other side. Looking at the rushing autumn water of the river, Zhao Butai's heart throbbed. But he is not simple, he knows the truth that "wisdom comes from the masses", so a symposium for "people anyway" aimed at borrowing wisdom from traitors was held in the army. Under Zhao Butai's persuasive temptation, Cen Jilu, a native official, presented him with "a clever plan". This strategy is implemented in two steps. The first step is to salvage a batch of ferry boats that the Ming army sank to the bottom of the river in a certain place; the second step: find a ferry that the Ming army has neglected ten miles downstream. Relying on these two steps, the Qing army sneaked across the river at night, and appeared in front of the Ming army on the opposite bank with a smile on their faces when the sky was dim. Facing the Qing army approaching like ghosts, the Ming army, who had just awakened from a dream, had no time to organize effective resistance, retreated hastily, and threw the natural danger of Beipanjiang to the Qing army. With the joy of successfully crossing the river, Zhao Butai continued to march towards the sun and victory.Defeated Li Chengjue's tens of thousands of Ming troops in Liangshuijing, defeated Li Dingguo's "general reserve team" in Shuanghekou and Lugou, and successfully occupied Anlong, Zhenfeng, and Huangcaoba. There is no concept of "win-win" in war. The victory of one party will inevitably lead to the defeat of the other party. The Qianxi venue ended with Li Dingguo's complete failure.Facing enemies from both sides, he had no choice but to order Feng Shuangli to retreat to Yunnan with his entire army. So far, Guizhou has all been reduced to enemies. Looking at Yunnan from Guizhou, the next target of the Qing army is the magical south of colorful clouds. At the beginning of December 1658, Wu Sangui of the North Road crossed the river from Wushafu, entered Yunnan, passed Zhanyizhou, Jiaoshui to Luoping, joined Doni and Zhao Butai here, and quickly advanced to Kunming. In the defensive battle in Guizhou, Li Dingguo, who had consumed a large number of troops, was really unable to organize another "decent" defense battle. In desperation, Li Dingguo wrote an urgent memorial, and sent it to Emperor Yongli's imperial case in a hurry, asking him to "move to avoid the front of the Qing people". It is conceivable how helpless and desolate the Emperor Yongli felt when he saw the memorial! From the day he came to the throne, the turbulent current situation and his personal cowardice made him "like a frightened bird, graceful like a dragon", wandering in the southern land. Only after arriving in Kunming did he feel like a tired bird returning home. Compared with Liu Tiegun's "arrogance and rudeness", Li Chengdong's "unpredictable power", and Sun Kewang's "no respect for elders", Li Dingguo, who is of the same age, is "peaceful and amiable" to him. Especially in the face of power, Li Dingguo has no habit of monopolizing power, and has never "trampled and interfered" with his dignity and power. In such a working atmosphere of "the two love each other and complement each other", various yamen of his central government began to establish and "operate" normally, and he also became a "real emperor" "with gusto". It can be said that the two years from 1656 to 1658 were the most comfortable and happiest time in his life, especially after defeating Sun Kewang. He believed that this time would last for a long time. But happiness, the elf, always likes to pass by in a flash, and there is no time to savor it carefully. Pain, the annoying guy, comes so quickly and uninvited. Now, he will have to leave this "land of tenderness" as soon as possible and start his wandering career again. Then, a "most realistic" question came before him, where would he rebuild his "government in exile"? Regarding this issue, the courtiers immediately divided into two completely different opinions: "Go north to Sichuan" and "West retreat to Yunnan and Xinjiang". "Going north to Sichuan" advocated moving the "government-in-exile" to Jianchang in Sichuan. The first advantage of doing this is: Jianchang, Sichuan, "the scenery here is unique." After several years of hard work by the university scholar Wen Anzhi and other comrades, Jianchang's economic level has improved rapidly. Don't worry. Benefit 2: After arriving in Jianchang, you can use it as a base to recover Chongqing.Afterwards, they contacted the Kuidong Thirteen Family in Dashun, collected ships, and sailed down the Yangtze River, traveling thousands of miles to Jiangling, within a day. "Daye" came back from the dead. Have you ever remembered that before Liu Wenxiu died, she also made this suggestion. All advantages have disadvantages. The disadvantage of "going north to Sichuan" is that if you are not careful, you may be made "dumplings" by the heavily assembled Qing army. The second suggestion is to "withdraw from Yunnan to the west", that is, to withdraw "Xingzai" to Yongchang (now Baoshan, Yunnan) in western Yunnan. One of the advantages of doing this is that the terrain in western Yunnan is complex and the people's hearts are attached, so it is a good place to fight guerrillas for a long time. The second advantage is that if you can no longer fight guerrillas, you can retreat to Burma.As soon as the Qing soldiers retreated, they returned to Yunnan, which was closer than Sichuan. The downside is that if you go to the frontier, you may be "marginalized" and gradually disappear from the sight of the Chinese people. Which plan to formulate does not depend on the courtiers' quarrel, the key lies in the attitudes of the two decision makers—Emperor Yongli and Li Dingguo. Emperor Yongli and Li Dingguo insisted on the first plan without hesitation. The reason is also very simple, "If you are close, you are Chinese; if you are beautiful, you are in China".Who would want to go to a dangerous and unpredictable foreign country if they could stay in the country? The emperor's opinion was certain, so he planned to abandon Kunming on December 15 and evacuate to Jianchang, Sichuan via Pennsylvania. On December 13, Li Dingguo rushed back to Kunming from the front line to specifically preside over the implementation of the huge project of "relocation". Before the retreat, how to deal with the large amount of grain stored in Kunming became an unavoidable problem for Comrade Li Dingguo. According to the usual practice, the stored food should be taken away if it can be taken away, and it should be burned if it cannot be taken away, so as not to be used by the enemy. After discussing with Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan, they also decided to do the same, and reported it to Emperor Yongli for "final approval". But Emperor Yongli made an unprecedented "no". His reason for "no" is "Once the grain is burned, the hungry Qing army will immediately collect it on the spot. In the end, it is the local people who suffer, so the food is not burned, but stored on the spot." In order to prevent burning food, he also issued a special imperial edict immediately after. His imperial decree was finally "resolutely implemented" by Li Dingguo, who had deep feelings for the people of Yunnan. Not only was the food in Kunming not burned, but even the food in Yiliang and other places was not burned. The result is naturally very "unfortunate", because the Qing army who entered Yunnan ate these grains for half a year.After the Qing army was full, they chased Emperor Yongli and his men all day long. But today we should really applaud this kind-hearted emperor from the bottom of our hearts and pay tribute to this philanthropic Christian. Because of this, not every leader who claims to "love the people like a son" can do it. Even Li Zicheng, who was born as a "bitter child", tried to burn the food that the farmer's uncle "had worked so hard" before withdrawing from Xi'an (but was "discounted" when he was executed by Tian Jianxiu)! Based on this alone, we can forgive the emperor for his indecision, mediocrity, and cowardice... because, in essence, he is a good person. Stalin said: "The victor is not to be blamed!", but what he praised was a "law of the jungle" law of the jungle. Today, ordinary us, can we say: "Good people are not condemned!". Because this praise is the starting point and destination of our life. On December 15, Emperor Yongli led all civil and military officials to evacuate Kunming and began his last wandering (the professional term is "hunting"). "The east wind is weak and the flowers are dead." Those who wandered with him were also the people of Kunming who had been bathed in peace and sunshine for ten years under this regime. Thus, Emperor Yongli once again heard and witnessed the horrific scenes of crying, life and death, and caring for the old and the young in and outside the city, and once again his heart was broken, but once again he was helpless! This winding northward team consists of three units: the forward, the main force, and the rear guard. The forwards are led by Qingyang Wang Feng Shuangli, Guangping Bo Chen Jian, Wugong Bo Wanghui, and Yan'an Wang Ainengqi's eldest son Ai Chengye. paved a way. The main force is like ants protecting the "Queen", surrounded by Emperor Yongli and his government officials, passing through Anning, Wuchu, and Zhaozhou, and slowly heading north. On December 21, Li Dingguo from Kunming was released, and he led the army as a guard. Now, everyone has only one common direction - to go to Jianchang as soon as possible and open up a new home. But this goal has undergone a fundamental change after Li Dingguo withdrew from Kunming. It was an insignificant little man——Ma Jixiang—that prompted the change of this goal. The driving force behind Ma Jixiang's change of goal was neither strategic thinking nor scientific and rigorous argumentation, but just a "psychological obstacle" that could not be dealt with. reconcile" contradictions. Back then, in Wuzhou, Guangxi, in order to realize his dream of "signing with a single pen", he exhausted all means and resorted to tricks, and finally forced the Dongge University scholar to "leave the court" and go to Sichuan to "seek another way out." . But now, less than thirty years later, the status of Hedong and Hexi has suddenly been reversed, and he has to go to other people's land to make a living. This not only exhausts his face, but also loses his power! Looking at Sichuan from a distance, Ma Jixiang's mind is full of worries and worries! The starting point for the little people to think about problems is "self-interest". Therefore, how to persuade Comrade Li Dingguo, the "head of the family", to change his trip to Jianchang, Sichuan into Yongchang, Yunnan, has become his new goal. In order to achieve his goal, he immediately thought of an ally, Li Dingguo's important staff - Jin Weixin. The reason for "positioning" on Jin Weixin is because this comrade, like him, also has serious "psychological obstacles" to going north to Sichuan. Jin Weixin once turned his head against the current Jianchang General Soldier Wang, in order to compete for the "ownership" of a beautiful woman, and forged a "liangzi" that is still difficult to resolve.It can be said that life and death are uncertain when going to Jianchang. Because it was a matter of his own "life and death", Jin Weixin was quickly dragged into the water and became the main force in persuading Li Dingguo to scatter. For Li Dingguo, Jin Weixin understands too well that difficulties cannot frighten this "iron man" from going north to Jianchang. However, he clearly felt that since defeating Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo had suffered from "power grabbing syndrome". Any person or thing that tried to challenge his status would arouse his high vigilance and anxiety. Just like Ma Jixiang convinced him, he also quickly found Li Dingguo's "psychological barrier". He said "heart-to-heart" to Li Dingguo: "If we are newly defeated, if we go to Sichuan, Yuan Zongdi, Hao Yongzhong and other generals of the Dashun Army will despise and refuse to obey orders, and the emperor will favor each other and treat me; the queen who goes east to Jingxiang , if these people make more moves, they will also be crowned as the one-word king like you. At that time, your status in the court will plummet!..." "It's better for me to go to Yongchang, and still be able to form a whole, waiting for the changes in the world!" In the face of the gains and losses, advantages and disadvantages of power, the "simple" Li Dingguo also became "not pure", and he agreed with Jin Weixin's "suggestion". The army suddenly changed its course and withdrew to Yongchang. The "selfish use" of the two little people shortened Nanming's history. As soon as the "diversion order" was issued, two disastrous consequences were immediately produced. One is "the striker is disobedient." The troops led by the forwards Feng Shuangli, Chen Jian, Wang Hui, and Ai Chengye were mainly composed of "Qin soldiers". They were already dissatisfied with Li Dingguo, but now that Li Dingguo changed his order from day to day, he was extremely disappointed.They collectively refused to carry out the order to divert routes, and continued northward, parting ways with Li Dingguo ever since. The second is "high-ranking officials fleeing inland". It is said that they will retreat to the desolate frontier, and may even go to a backward foreign country.The thoughtful, prescient brains of high-ranking officials immediately deduced dire consequences. Thoughts determine actions, and the senior officials who felt that "the red flag will not last long" chose to leave without saying goodbye, and started their new lives in the vast mountains and forests. First, Zhang Youchen, Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Sun Shun, Minister of the Ministry of War, Cheng Yuan, Minister of Rites, Wan Niance, Minister of the Ministry of Households, and Qian Bangqian, the imperial censor of Zuoqian, fled. High-ranking officials also fled. Of course, there are also high-ranking officials who neither stay nor flee, such as Wang Yinglong, Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry. Comrade Wang Yinglong is a high-ranking official who was born as a "worker and peasant cadre" (a bow and arrow craftsman in northern Shaanxi). Since Zhang Xianzhong established the Daxi regime, he has been serving as the Minister of the Ministry of Industry. For decades, he has been conscientious, diligent, and hard-working. Now, this Shangshu is over sixty years old and is struggling... Faced with the collapse of the building that he had built with his whole life, he could not follow the king in adversity, and could not turn the tide. Therefore, he calmly chose to hang himself, quietly saying goodbye to his beloved career forever. After he died, his son went with him! "Monarchs and ministers are originally birds in the same forest, and they fly separately in the face of disaster." This situation made Emperor Yongli want to cry without tears. On January 4, 1659, Emperor Yongli, who had just withdrawn to Yongchang, heard a news that made him "dumbly painful". His last capital, Kunming, was "peacefully robbed" by the Qing army yesterday. Look, year after year is the loss of the country; listen, the ears are full of the mourning of the people!Emperor Yongli felt that it was time for him to take measures to shoulder the rise and fall of the world! But the only measure he can take now is to write a profound self-criticism (crime edict) like all the previous emperors who "made mistakes", and send a letter to the "death master" who rules the fate of Chinese emperors in the dark. God", reflect on your own shortcomings. The review written by Emperor Yongli was deep and sincere, and he reviewed his mistakes from three aspects: political failure, employment oversight, and administrative mistakes, and asked "God" to give him another chance to correct himself. Different from other emperors, this emperor who believed in Christianity wrote a "Confession to God" in addition to the self-criticism. In the "Confession", Emperor Yongli asked the Almighty God in infinite pain: Why did the hard work of being the emperor fall on him?Why didn't he create a good external environment since he was made emperor?Why let him suffer so much?When will this turbulent life come to an end? He really can only ask this question! He thought more than once that if he was just an ordinary Han Chinese, in the face of the change of the dynasty, he could completely stand alone and live his life in peace.But his own special status can only allow him to hold on to the position of emperor, living with the country, and dying with the country. This is not only his sorrow, but also the sorrow of all the last emperors.The huge debts that their ancestors borrowed from the future need their descendants to make up for them one by one with high interest. Neither China's "God" nor foreign "God" could stop the Qing soldiers from galloping forward. After "successfully robbing" Kunming, Doni, the commander-in-chief of the Qing army, was not grateful for Emperor Yongli's "gift of food", and immediately sent Wu Sangui and Zhao Butai to march to Yongchang in order to drive out Yongli's emperor and ministers. At Yulong Pass, the Qing army with high morale defeated the Ming army with low morale and successfully occupied the pass. After the defeat, the Ming army, led by Bai Wenxuan, set fire to the only iron chain bridge on the Lancang River, trying to block the westward advance of the Qing army with this road. However, the Qing army, which has been tested by the great river and the waves, is no longer afraid of the dangerous Lancang River. Under the cover of night, they successfully carried out armed swimming. After crossing the Lancang River, the Qing army rushed towards Yongchang like a dragon crossing the river or a tiger uncaged. Li Dingguo had no choice but to order Pingyang Marquis Jin Tongwu to lead his troops to escort him, and then retreat westward to Tengchong. On the 15th day of the first month of this year, Yongchang Mansion, which Li Dingguo planned to use to settle down and make a comeback, also fell. After several rounds of retreat, only a few small counties in western Yunnan remained in the territory of the Yongli Dynasty. Many heroes, in the face of victory, are complacent and drowsy; but in the face of failure, they can be firm in their ambitions and never turn back. Li Dingguo is such a hero. In the face of repeated failures, the blood in his chest is not cold but hot, and the anger is not fading but grows. He wanted to find the right place and time to give the following Qing army a violent blow! The suitable location was Mopan Mountain by the Nu River, at the end of February in 1659. At this time, the Qing army had already crossed the natural barrier of the Nujiang River, and marched towards Mopan Mountain in the west with arrogance and arrogance, preparing to attack Tengchong. Mopan Mountain, the mountain is high and the road is dangerous, the path and pass are deep, and the path can only allow one person and one horse to pass through. Li Dingguo's "sixth sense" told him, first, this is an excellent place to set up an ambush; second, the ever-victorious and proud Qing army will inevitably break into this place without any precautions. Through the previous battle examples, we know that setting up an ambush based on danger is a good trick of brother Dingguo. In Hengyang, Hunan Province, Nikan, the lobby brother of Shunzhi, used this trick in a daze, and he sent the express train to "Heaven" for free. . In order to ensure victory, Brother Dingguo also "upgraded" the ambush set up this time.In the ambush, there are three ambush, the first ambush, the second ambush, and the third ambush, and landmines and artillery are brought in to help out. Tai'an Bodou Mingwang was in charge of the first volt, Gao Wengui, Marquis of Guangchang was in charge of the second volt, and Wang Guoxi, Marquis of Wujing was in charge of the third volt. The specific battle plan is: After the Qing army entered Chufu, they didn't move at Chufu, and let them continue to advance until they reached the Sanfu area. After the Qing army entered Sanfu, the Ming army at the beginning of the ambush ignited landmines (not pedal mines or hand-pulled mines, but the first generation of ignition mines), fired cannons, and announced the start of the battle. After hearing the sound of cannons, the Ming army at two and three volts attacked at the same time, encircling and annihilating the "evil" Qing army. The details determine success or failure. Brother Dingguo also made a special rule: All troops participating in the war must make dry rice in advance, and they must not light fires for cooking during ambush, so as not to be discovered by the Qing army. Just after the deployment, Wu Sangui, who came uninvited, led the Qing army carelessly into the Mopan Mountain ambush area. Details do determine success or failure, but not people's hearts.Just as the victory was beckoning to the Ming army, the traitor Lu Guisheng appeared. In exchange for his future "wealth and splendor", Lu Guisheng resold this day's big secret very "cheaply" to Wu Sangui who was striding forward to "another world". After hearing this, Wu Sangui cried and laughed excitedly, and then he ordered the Qing army that had entered the second ambush to retreat quickly. When retreating, he didn't forget to do some "sabotage" by the way, and specially sent people to Lin Tong on both sides to search and kill the Ming army who had set up an ambush. Because they did not hear the sound of the attacking artillery, no one of the Huang army who was lying in the forest dared to fight without authorization. As a result, they died silently under the sharp knife of the Qing army. Seeing this, Chufu's commander, Dou Mingwang, made a decisive decision and ordered the firing of cannons. Li Dingguo, who was in command on the high ground, also felt that the situation had changed, and immediately waved his flag to order the artillery to fire. Hearing the sound of cannons, the troops of the two and three volts rushed towards the enemy while firing cannons in response. The Ming army, which was desperately seeking victory, and the Qing army, which was still struggling with the trapped beasts, strangled each other in Mopan Mountain without giving in. The original "well-designed" ambush turned into a tragic positional battle in an instant.Eighteen senior officers including Gushan Ezhen Sharibu of the Qing army were shot dead, Ming general Chufu Commander Dou Mingwang died in battle, as for ordinary soldiers on both sides, there were many casualties. The blood dyed the mountains, forests and streams red. The war lasted from mao to noon, and in the end, the Qing army was the first to fail.Wu Sangui had no choice but to collect the defeated soldiers and withdraw from the battlefield. At this time, two-thirds of the elite Ming army had been lost, and they were unable to pursue the victory.After the Qing army withdrew, he voluntarily abandoned Tengchong and went to Mengding (to the west of today's Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous Region in Yunnan) to rest and recuperate. The Battle of Mopan Mountain was Li Dingguo's "jedi counterattack" in the midst of repeated defeats. The Qing army, which had been victorious after repeated battles, finally suffered a heavy blow. After the war, the Qing army stopped their pursuit and retreated to Kunhuang to recuperate. At the same time, in order to enforce the law and discipline, the Qing court began to "seek responsibility".After the meeting of the kings and ministers, it was decided to fine the commander-in-chief Doni five thousand taels of silver, Zhao Butai dismissed as a civilian, and the rest of the commanding generals, including Wu Sangui, were either fined silver or demoted. It can be seen from this that the "psychological trauma" caused by this war to the Qing court was huge! A few years later, when Nanming had become "past tense", Liu Bin, a survivor of the Nanming Dynasty, went to Mopan Mountain to pay tribute to the battlefield and remember the martyrs. When he arrived here, it was just as the sun was falling and the moon was rising, and the stars were moving. The bursts of pine waves and piles of bones on the battlefield made him full of thoughts and intense sorrow, and then he wrote a poem: "I am lonely, loyal and strong, holding a tree to support the sky, the people on the battlefield still know the millstone, and the fire is always there." Bright as the day." The retreat of the Qing army finally gave the Ming army retreating into western Yunnan a chance to "take a breather". Except for the army of Li Dingguo, Bai Wenxuan, and Gao Wengui, He Jiuyi, Li Chengjue and others withdrew from Lin'an Mansion to Yuanjiang Mansion. Zou Zigui , Ma Deming and others withdrew to the Shunning Mansion, and Ma Bao and Ma Weixing withdrew to the side of Lijiao. This brought unprecedented lively scenes to the originally quiet border area. But when everyone was celebrating the rest of their life after the catastrophe, they discovered a "very bad" situation. Their "honorary chairman and spiritual leader" - Comrade Zhu Youlang, was nowhere to be seen! 就在定国兄为永历帝“去向不明”而犯愁时，永历帝一行，正心事重重地走在缅甸的大地上。 约在磨盘山战役前夕，永历帝己经带着他的“精简版”小朝廷，在靳统武的护卫下，到达中缅边境的布岭。缅甸的异国山河，已遥遥在望。 是继续留在国内坚持武装斗争，还是跑到外国寻求政治避难，面对此重大的人生抉择，这个善良而懦弱的人儿，一时间无法拿定主意。 自己拿不了主意，便会有人替他来拿，马吉翔又一次“越俎代庖”。 马吉翔替永历帝拿定旳主意，便是到缅甸去，到更安全的地方去。 和以前拿过的所有主意一样，这个主意，依然是他层层私欲累加后的“高度升华”。 一路上的人心涣胜、各奔东西的现实，让马吉翔清醒地认识到，自已主张的西撤，是一个彻头彻尾的错误。 错误并不可怕，对错误的追责才是可怕的。即使现在，在永历并不宽敞的朝堂上，依然有一股“反马势力”在潜滋暗长，这股势力正积极谋划以此错误为借口，预想置他于死地而后快。 但如果到缅甸去，他将有充分的信心，在新的环境下，把“反马势力”消灭于无形，并进一步控制永历帝的一举一动。 接下来，马吉翔和其弟马雄飞、女婿杨在动员靳统武的副手孙崇雅，连夜发动了一场“兵变”，将随驾而来的大臣们洗劫一空。 人生和财产遭到“双攻击”的大臣，对原本黯淡旳前途，更加失望。失望之下，又有一批大臣选择了“伤心地离开”。 经过这次劫难，“反马势力”更为减少，永历朝的“小朝堂”，马上变成了马吉翔的“一言堂”，于是乎，永历帝的入缅，便成为新的既定方针。 2月26日，马吉翔裹胁着永历帝，率领了两千多人马，浩浩荡荡到达中缅边境。 与缅甸边关守将的联络工作，自然责无旁贷地落到了黯国公沐天波的头上。 沐家在云南镇守两百余年，并世世代代代表大明帝国与缅甸进行外交活动，在缅人中享有崇高的威信。因此，缅将见是这位爷大驾光临，纷纷下马相迎，表现得异常恭敬。 对于永历帝的入境请求，缅将表示允许，但有一条，必须解除武装，徒手入关。 一心想入缅的马吉翔，马上以永历帝的各义，命随驾人员放下武器，捧着一颗和平的心进入缅甸。 命令一下，不但士兵，而且连武装起来的太监，全部解下弓刀盔甲。在将大量的武器装备赠给缅方后，赤手空拳踏上这片凶险未卜的土地。 护驾总指挥靳统武随后赶来，但已无力制止这一既成的事实，便迅速带兵折回，将这一重要情况向李定国报告。 得到永历帝的信息后，李定国焦虑不安的心，稍许平静。 但他马上意识到事态的严重性，朱由榔现在可是反清复明大业中，唯一飘扬的旗帜，如果这位同志一去缅甸，岂不意味着旗帜半倒。 他马上让高允臣连夜出发，去把永历帝一行接回来。 但势单力孤的高允臣一入缅境，就被缅方“身份不眀武装人员”暗杀。李定国第一次接回永历帝的计划，就此告吹。 入缅之初，头脑尚还清醒的沐天波及华亭侯王惟华，就劝永历帝：“鸡蛋是不能放在一个篮子里的，陛下您得和太子分开，您去缅甸巡幸，太子返回云南领导抗战，这样既能互有照应，又能以防万一”。 这一意见，甚为稳妥，永历帝当场允诺。 但当该“意见”将要形成书面文件时，却被中宫王氏“搅黄”。 “搅黄”是有原因的，因为他们所说的太子，年方十岁，且是永历帝唯一的骨血。 作为一个“聪慧”的女人，她请永历帝回答：你们成年人都搞不定的事，难道靠一个未成年人就应搞定？ 作为一个善良的母亲，她向永历帝表示：自己将和儿子，在干戈不休的乱世，生死相依，誓不分离。若太子回国，自已也将随之而去。 王氏振振有辞的攻势下，永历帝派太子回国领导抗清斗争一事，不了了之！ 永历君臣的不请自到，的确给缅甸方面，出了一个天大的难题。 “远亲不如近邻”，虽然和大明山水相依、声讯相通，但缅甸对其的感觉，是一没感情，二很恐惧，三还想逮机会就占得便宜。 造成这三种感觉，纯属自找。 朱元璋在开国之初，奉行和平共处的外交政策，曾专门把缅甸列入“不伐之国”的行列。但缅甸就是不自量力，经常很“不自觉”地跑到云南“捞实惠”。 但那时的大明，岂是吃素的，因此每次缅甸都被鼻青脸肿地打了回来，被打得最悲惨的一次，就发现在永历爷爷万历年间。 而每次被打后，缅甸都还得向大明上表作“自我检讨”，并奉明正朔。 因此，在永历帝入境后，心中幸灾乐祸，但却不敢造次的缅王平达格力，马上派人派车派船接应，并传令沿途村寨供应伙食。 但是，缅王却不愿意和永历帝见面，拋开历史上的百年恩怨不说，现实的情况就是永历帝背后还追着一个强大无比的大清国，与永历帝面对面，会让大清产生错误的解读，从而作出对本国不利的举动，实力弱小的缅甸，可不愿冒这个风险。 思来想去，缅王决定低调从事，把对永历帝的接待工作，定位在一个“模模糊糊、半官半民”的状态上。 他断然将永历帝的“友好使者”马雄飞拒之门外，仅派出翻译官出面传达他的旨意，允许永历君臣深入缅内地居住，但必须服从缅方的统一管理。 在缅甸宽松的政策引导下，永历君臣沓沓而行，不知疲倦地来到了缅都阿瓦城（今天的曼德勒）城边，与该城隔河相望。 真是消痩旳骆驼依然大，永历帝的“超级避难团”，连上宫女、太监、护兵下来，竟然有两千人之多，这让缅王好不紧张。 紧张之余，他马上再派出翻译官告诉永历帝，因本国首都地小屋少，居大不易，请永历帝就此在郊外居住，缅方将从“人道主义”出发，给予必要的照顾。 必要的照顾随之而至，缅王派出士兵，将这个“超级避难团”，逐个安排到附近各村的村民中分散居住。一家一人，由村民负责“安排”该人员的日常活动及衣食供应。 刹那间，数量庞大的“避难团”，消失在缅甸人民群众的“汪洋大海”之中。 不过，对永历帝及其核心成员，缅王还算容气，专门划出一块“营地”，来让他们集中居住，还专门搭建了一些“简易房”，作为其办公起居之用。 另外，缅王还特别向永历帝“进贡”了粮食、疏菜、肉类等生活用品。 投桃报李，永历帝也将自已从国内带来的金银珠宝，大量“赏赐”给缅王。 这让双方在一段时期内，保持了“不愠不火、不冷不热”的低层次外交关系。 暗淡了刀光剑影，远去了鼓角铮鸣，在异国的土地上，永历帝又一次过上了“得过且过”的和平生活。 但这样的日子没有持续多久，新的麻烦接踵而至。 这个麻烦，也是我们小庶民经常遇到的——没钱。 这很好理解，在国内，永历朝廷好歹也是“中央政府”，即使掌权的军阀、权臣再操蛋，也会给他的政府拔付一些固定的经费。现在到了国外，成了名副其实的“流亡政府”，那里还有人再理这个碴。 现在这个政府，唯一的一丁点收入，就是缅王那点时有时无、杯水车薪的“物质帮助”。 老板没钱，自然给员工发不起工资。这种情况下，马吉翔等几个“维权”意识十分强烈的小人物，便团结起来，发起“集体讨薪”运动，请永历帝拿出私房钱（内帑）为大家开资。 面对人数不少的“讨薪团”，永历帝处理起来倒也干脆利落。他愤怒地将用黄金打造的玉玺掷于地下，大声向各位表示：内帑没有，仅存玉玺，可将此宝凿碎均分，为大家发薪。 典玺太监李国用，被永历帝的骤然发飙的动作，当场震晕，立刻叩头表示：“臣万死不敢用此宝。” 但“讨薪团”对基本丧失权力的永历帝，己没有任何威惧，他们马上令人将玉玺凿碎，分封给欠薪的各成员。 “讨薪凿玺”事件后，末世的情节，在永历小朝廷中大面积弥漫。 “官帽遮颜过闹市，漏船载酒泛中流。躲进缅寨撮一顿，管他春夏与秋冬。”这些己失去人生理想和奋斗意志的南明大臣们，如一具具行尸走肉，常用身上仅存的珍宝衣物，跑别缅甸中换肉置酒，然后便短衣跣足，混入缅妇之中，席地坐笑、把酒言欢，全然忘记亡国之恨、君父之仇！ 己若自轻，人更轻之，缅人见这些“大国流亡人士”竟如此自甘堕落，议论纷纷。 缅甸上层人士对此的品价是：“天朝大臣如此嬉戏无度，天下安得不亡。” 缅旬下层人士对此的品价是：“俺们看这些老爷，不像是兴王图霸之人。” 大臣在对外不树立良好形象时，对内也失去了基本章法。 为维护小朝廷的安全和体统，永历帝决定派官员轮流值勤巡夜，但值勤官员却“不务正业”地搞起了娱乐活动。“张灯高饮，彻夜高歌”，全然不顾忌永历帝低迷的情绪。 更有甚者，是绥宁伯蒲缨，太监杨国明竟然别开心裁搞起了“创收”。 他俩在“营地”中大开赌场，致使赌场产生的噪音，搅得永历帝食不甘味，寝不安席。 转眼到了八月十五，这既是中国人的传统节日，也是缅甸的缅历年节。 “每逢佳节倍思亲”，远在异国的永历君臣，顿时思念起国内的山河和亲人来。 缅王此时也很“善解人意”，专门派人送来请柬，邀请沐天波代表永历帝，参加他们举办的“大型歌舞晚会”。 感到一丝人间真情的沐天波，携带永历帝赠送的礼品，妆装打扮，欣然前往。 但他却是“捧着一颗心来，揣着满肚气回。” 因为在联欢会上，缅王别有用心地让他脱下大明的衣冠，换上当地民族服装，同缅属小邦的使者一道，向缅王行跪拜之礼。 要知道，在过去的二百多年来，沐氏家族代表着大眀皇帝，与周边的藩属国家进行着“不平等”的外交活动时，当年的缅王使者到昆明拜会沐家，统统都得行跪拜大礼。 而今日，却是乾坤倒置，大长他人威风，大灭自已志气。 当沐天波把这一切告诉永历帝时，换来的，仅是君臣二人“相对无言，惟有泪千行”的无尽哀伤。 每到夕阳西下，永历帝都会走出“宫殿”，向北凝望，伫立良久。 他在思考什么，是故国的锦绣山河，是逝去的青春岁月，是为他艰苦而战的铁血壮士，还是一步走错步步错的人生历程…… 我们无从知晓！ 我们可知的，是此时此刻，在国内的大地上，当他的王朝，已如即将西沉的晚霞，快被漫天黑暗吞噬时，仍还有千千万万的忠贞之士，用生命和热血，奋力点染那最后的美丽！