Chapter 32 Chapter 31 Life and Death Battle

"Hundreds of rivers flow into the sea, and different routes lead to the same goal." Just as Qian Qianyi was diligently planning his own grand plan for the restoration of Ming Dynasty, Li Dingguo of Guangxi was already "finding another path". This "route" is to contact Zheng Chenggong on the coast of Fujian and Guangdong, and attack Guangdong! After Sun Kewang's "unhappy parting" returned to Guangxi, Li Dingguo found that Guilin and Wuzhou, which had been fought so hard, had fallen into the enemy's hands again because of his all-out troops going north. The area he could completely control was limited to the northwestern part of Guangxi.

In this case, before Li Dingguo, there are two ways to go. One way is to "defend yourself according to Gui", that is, to rely on your own strength to restore the whole territory of Guangxi, and then close the door and be a prince who "calls the wind and rain".This way, although the risk is low, but the benefits are also small. The other way is to "go east to Guangdong", join forces with Zheng Chenggong in the land of Lingnan, and then use Guangdong's financial resources (Guangdong's wealth is about ten times that of Guangxi) and manpower (There are still large and small anti-Qing armed forces in Guangdong Combat), embarked on the Northern Expedition, fought steadily, step by step from south to north, and regained lost ground.This road, although the risk is high, but the rewards are also great.

His ideal of "high ambition" coupled with his trust in Zheng Chenggong made Li Dingguo choose the latter path without hesitation. He established contact with Zheng Chenggong through "secret channels", wrote to him many times, and interacted with this "like-minded" ally about his plan to attack Guangdong. After receiving Zheng Chenggong's promise, in February 1653, Li Dingguo led his troops from He County, Guangxi, first occupied Wuzhou, a strategic town, and then left Guangdong. On March 14, he commanded the army to capture Kaijian and Deqing Prefectures via Fengchuan County, and arrived at Zhaoqing, the "abandoned capital" of the Yongli Dynasty on March 25.

As Li Dingguo judged, the people of Guangdong, who had been educated in the "Three Loyalties in Lingnan" and the "Anyway Uprising" revolution, had a high level of political and ideological awareness. When Li Dingguo entered Guangdong, the anti-Qing volunteers from the coast of Guangdong, Shaozhou and other places gathered to respond, attacking cities and lands, and actively cooperating with his advance. Among them, the largest one is the "Anyway Again" of Chaozhou General Soldier Hao Shangjiu. Hao Shangjiu, who was originally a general of Li Chengdong, followed Li Chengdong in 1648. Seeing that Li Dashi was gone in 1650, he turned to the Qing side and belonged to a "revolutionary comrade" who was not very firm.

Neither side will be too cold to such a guy who is facing Qin Muchu.Therefore, the Qing government began to "clean up the class ranks" after the situation in Guangdong stabilized. In August 1652, the Qing government sent Liu Bolu, the deputy general of Nangan, as the general of Chaozhou, and pulled Hao Shangjiu aside, downgrading to a nominal deputy general of the Guangdong Navy. Comrade Hao Shangjiu, who couldn't swallow this bad breath, naturally quit. While refusing to listen to the tune, he began to actively prepare for another betrayal. After learning that Li Dingguo had advanced into Guangdong, Hao Shangjiu publicly rebelled against the Qing Dynasty on March 22, 1653.He also proclaimed himself the Marquis of Yongtai in the Ming Dynasty, changed the Yuan to the seventh year of Yongli, and ordered the whole city to cut braids and wrap nets, and then wear Han costumes.

After Hao Shangjiu's uprising, he knew that it was not very possible to restore the whole territory of Guangdong with the strength of his headquarters and Li Dingguo's division alone.So while strengthening Chaozhou's defense, he continued to send envoys, calling on Zheng Chenggong to send troops westward in the spirit of "protecting the Ming Dynasty together". If this plan is realized, Guangdong is still gratifying, and will immediately meet the dead Kong Youde - "Meeting in Quantai". But Zheng Chenggong turned a blind eye to Hao Shangjiu's "urgent appeals" several times, and turned a deaf ear to them, and treated them with silence.

At the same time, Li Dingguo's "tough battle" against Zhaoqing was not going smoothly! The "battle fortification" began on March 26. Li Dingguo first set up a ladder to attack, and then dug tunnels to rush forward, but in front of Zhaoqing, which is "high in the city and deep in people's stubbornness", all of them ended in vain! At this moment, knowing that Zhaoqing must not be lost is gratifying, he has personally led all the troops that Guangzhou can mobilize, and rushed to Zhaoqing. Comrade Li Dingguo's troops are no longer superior in numbers!

Li Dingguo, who firmly believed that Zheng Chenggong's words and deeds must be resolute, and "simple in thinking", still stayed and continued to struggle with Shang Kexi. But after he paid a huge sacrifice and waited for a long time, he still did not look forward to Zheng Chenggong's soldiers and generals. In desperation, Li Dingguo issued an order to retreat across the board. After Li Dingguo withdrew to Guangxi, Chaozhou, which was isolated and helpless, was finally broken by the Qing army on September 14 of this year. Comrade Hao Shangjiu no longer had the qualifications and plans to be a "traitor". When the city was broken, he and his son Hao Yao both committed suicide, and finally became a qualified "Great Ming Hero".

Comrade Li Dingguo attacked Guangdong for the first time, and it ended sadly in the silence of Zheng Chenggong! "Fall down, get up, wipe away tears, and keep going", after Comrade Li Dingguo was frustrated in his first battle in Guangdong, he was not discouraged. Instead, he revived his troops and launched an attack on Guangdong the following year! Different from the previous attack, his attack this time has received strong support from his superior leader, Emperor Yongli. As early as September 1653, Emperor Yongli, who was determined to put Qian Qianyi's genius plan into practice, sent Cheng Bangjun, a member of the staff of the Ministry of War, to Guangdong with an imperial edict to the supreme leader of the Guangdong Anti-Qing Army—— - Lian Chengbi, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, announced the edict.

In this decree, Emperor Yongli abandoned class prejudice, affectionately called Comrade Li Dingguo "the vassal Dingguo", and highly praised his behavior of "struggling allegiance and swearing to restore the old Xinjiang". The governor of the company who persisted in the war of resistance in the enemy's rear gave great cooperation to Comrade Dingguo when he sent troops! After Lian Chengbi received the order, he immediately went to the volunteer leaders Wang Xing, Chen Qice, and Luo Quanbin to do mobilization work, and agreed with them to gather together on March 2, 1654 to cooperate with Li Dingguo's Guangdong campaign.

At the same time that he issued an edict to Governor Lian, Emperor Yongli also issued a decree to Zheng Chenggong. In these "urgent words" edicts, Emperor Yongli pointed out two directions for Zheng Chenggong's advance. One is to send the "Navy" to the north and enter the Yangtze River to realize the plan of "joining forces on the Yangtze River" with Sun Kewang; the other is to send the "Army South" to cooperate with Li Dingguo to recover Guangdong. Emperor Yongli favored Zheng Chenggong so much because Zheng Chenggong at this time was no longer the "hairless boy" of the past.In the past few years, Zheng Chenggong took Kinmen and Xiamen as the center, seized the opportunity of Li Chengdong's return to his father's old army, fought south and north, and became bigger and stronger.At present, there are 100,000 soldiers in support, and the tiger looks at the southeast. Zheng Chenggong had no objection to these two marching directions, but when it came time to send troops, Zheng Chenggong became anxious and hesitant. "Those who don't know me say that I am worried, and those who know me ask me what I want?" Behind Zheng Chenggong's reluctance to actively send troops, there are two unspeakable factors. One is Zheng Chenggong's own personality factors. Zheng Chenggong is a "special talent" who likes to control others but not to be controlled by others. I'm not interested in playing that set of ghost tricks of "taking the emperor to order the princes", so I am only willing to maintain a state of "being close to each other, serving the Shuo but not the imperial edict" towards the Yongli court. The second is that Zheng Yougong has a deep "pain in the heart", that is, his father, who "has lost his footing and becomes eternal hatred", is being detained by the Qing court and is in danger of being deprived of his life at any time.The relationship between father and son, after all, blood is thicker than water, which made him have to "throw the mouse" everywhere, and always pursue the balance of "no surrender, no peace, no cessation, no split" with the Qing government. Last year, he didn't want to send troops to get together with Li Dingguo, and he didn't want to extend his hand to Hao Shangjiu, which was the external reaction of these two factors.But how to deal with this year, he has not yet made a decision. Just at this time, Emperor Shunye's "pacification" edict and representatives of the peace talks "arrived unexpectedly"! In the imperial edict, Emperor Shunzhi handed over all the "prisoner abuse" behaviors against Zheng Zhilong in the past few years to Dorgon who had been sent to hell, showing that he has cared for the Zheng family since he took office. Putting order out of chaos and dealing with special events have greatly improved Comrade Zheng Zhilong's political treatment and living standards! The peace negotiating representative of the Qing Dynasty also brought him a letter written by his father, Zheng Zhilong. Qing! The two-pronged approach made Zheng Chenggong dissatisfied with sending troops, unable to enter. Seeing Zheng Chenggong's ambiguous attitude, Zhang Mingzhen immediately recommended himself, saying that he was willing to lead his troops to form a "maritime anti-Qing advance team" to open up a "new channel" for Zheng Chenggong going north. At this point, careful readers will ask, isn't Comrade Zhang Mingzhen a subordinate of King Lu?Why would he come to Zheng Chenggong's territory now to mess around! Let me tell you slowly! Ever since Lu Jianguo led his troops to gain a foothold in the Zhoushan Islands, the Zhejiang and Fujian authorities in the Qing Dynasty felt like a thorn in their backs. However, the "naval" power of the Qing Dynasty was quite limited, and it was impossible to fight across the sea. Chen Jin, governor of Qing, Zhejiang and Fujian, sighed for a while, and finally came up with two "insidious tricks" that have been used for thousands of years without "fading".One trick is to "infiltrate the sand", that is, to send a large number of "excellent spy personnel" to infiltrate the island, and take advantage of the general psychology of everyone wanting to return to the mainland to live a better life, and win over those who are not firm in their stance to rebel against the Ming Dynasty and return to the Qing Dynasty. Under the temptation of this trick, Zhoushan Qiandu (official name, in charge of supervision work) Yan Wogong led the people to surrender. After the surrender, Yan Wogong, who wanted to continue to make progress, presented the ten strategies of Zhoushan's offensive to the Qing court, and expressed his willingness to practice and act as a guide! Dorgon greatly appreciated Yan Wogong's positive work attitude, and personally took time out of his busy schedule to meet this "loyal" traitor cordially twice. Later, Dorgon conferred on him the post of Yushi Youdu of the Metropolitan Procuratorate and Imperial Envoy of the Qing Dynasty, who was responsible for recruiting in Zhoushan, Shacheng and other places. The other trick is "poaching corners", which was ineffective at first, because there were no "special talents for corner poaching". But with the joining of Yan Wogong, a "big shoveling talent", the work performance of "poaching corners" ended the history of "zero", from nothing to something, from less to more. Yan Wogong, who has a strong desire for personal performance, used his own network to recruit Wu Kai, Marquis of Kaiyuan, Gu Qixun of Yi'an Bo, General Jiang Junxian of Kaiping, and General Chen Dezhi, all under the flag of the Lujian, one after another in less than half a year. , It can be said that there are big and small, whole and zero. Dorgon also cooperated with Yan Wogong's "effective" work. He not only rewarded these poached "corners" with a lot of property, but also introduced a special policy of "reciprocal sealing of officials". Over there" is a general, and "this side" is also a general. This practice of "eclectic and making use of small talents" has made the "corners" happy and crooked, and made the "original officials" of the Qing Dynasty to be crooked. I am deeply emotional in private. A revolution is not as good as a new revolution, and a new revolution is not as good as a counter-revolution." Ah! Driven by the "corner effect", more and more "corners" were half pushed and half dug on the spot, and holes appeared one after another on the ground floor of Lu Jianguo's building! But these two "shady tricks" alone were not enough to make Lu Jianguo, a "sacred and solemn" building, crash to the ground. It was Zhang Mingzhen and Wang Chaoxian's "fire merge" that dealt the fatal blow to the building. In the current cadre system of Lu Jianguo in Zhoushan, they are actually divided into two factions, the "old" and the "new". Zhang Mingzhen is a "senior fan" who has followed Lu Jianguo for many years and has become the core of the "old school". Wang Chaoxian not only deprived Huang Binqing of his life, but also annexed his people, so he naturally became the leader of the "new school". "Clothing is not as good as new, and people are not as good as old." When it comes to employing people, Lu Jianguo prefers to use "old" instead of "new". Aware of the existence of "unstable factors", Zhang Mingzhen decided to act first, and in the early morning of February 1651, he beheaded the drowsy dynasty in his bedroom. Seeing that the leader was slaughtered, quite a few "new factions" were indignant and resentful, so under the leadership of Zhang Jiming and Lu Tingji, they surrendered collectively! So far, the Zhoushan Islands have no secrets from the Qing Dynasty. Dorgon, who believed that the time was ripe, drew a large number of troops from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian in June 1651 to form the "Sea and Land Combined Corps", led by Chen Jin, Governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, and prepared to launch a large-scale landing battle to Zhoushan. In order to "complete its merits in one battle". When the enemy was at hand, Lu Jianguo decided to play a round of "surrounding Wei and saving Zhao". He used his "naval superiority" to organize the main force to leap forward thousands of miles, planning to attack Nanjing, which was empty of troops, and wanted to force the Qing army to return to aid by water. To be able to annihilate it at sea. But "Wei" was not encircled, and "Zhao" was lost first. Just when Lu Jianguo was heading north, the Qing army took advantage of a chance of thick fog and under the guidance of Zhang Jiming and Lu Tingji, successfully captured the Zhoushan Islands. Once Zhoushan was lost, the "homeless" Lu Jianguo had to lead Zhang Mingzhen and other subordinates to go south to Zheng Chenggong in Xiamen to recognize his "dry relatives". After Zheng Chenggong met Lu Jianguo with the ceremony of the clan, he left it aside because he was now enshrining Yongli Zhengshuo and it was inconvenient to "confuse his position". But for the army brought by Lu Jianguo, Zheng Chenggong, as if seeing a treasure, tried his best to "devour it". Later, only Zhang Mingzhen's department maintained relative independence, and the rest became the "possessions" of successful comrades. Lu Jianguo, who was "a blue dragon with falling scales, and a phoenix with hair falling", had to face the reality. In March 1652, he announced that he would give up the title of Jianguo and recognize the orthodox status of Emperor Yongli. At this point, Nanming finally bid farewell to the abnormal situation of "Shuangri Airport". Although Zhang Mingzhen changed his family, the fire of recovery in his heart is still raging. This time I take the initiative to clean up the tassels, its meaning can be revealed, and its ambition is commendable!Although Zheng Chenggong was not happy, he agreed, and provided him with supplies and sent additional troops. In October 1653, amidst the howling wind and the roaring waves and white waves, Zhang Mingzhen led thousands of his men to set sail and sail north generously. They first arrived at Chongming Island in Shanghai. They set up camps, opened up wasteland and farmed in Sanjiansha, Barnyardsha, and Pingyang on the island. Mode. Using Chongming Island as his forward base, Zhang Mingzhen began his three difficult journeys into the Yangtze River. Zhang Mingzhen led his troops to the north, which actually opened the prelude to the last battle of life and death in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Let's call it the first front army of the Southern Ming Dynasty! Not long after, in February 1654, Li Dingguo also led tens of thousands of troops from Liuzhou, Guangxi, and swore to march eastward. Let's call it the Second Front Army of Nanming! For this expedition, Comrade Li Dingguo planned carefully and was determined to win.Not only were they equipped with "heavy weapons" such as elephants and guns, but they also purchased a large amount of combat materials such as door panels, gunpowder, lead and iron. Because Comrade Lian Chengbi's work is very good, since the time of dispatching troops, the Second Front Army has received strong cooperation from volunteers from all over Guangdong in terms of personnel and intelligence. This made the second front army slash the flags and march triumphantly along the way.Take Hengzhou (now Hengxian, Guangxi), Kelianzhou (now Hepu, Guangxi), Xiagaozhou (now Maoming, Guangdong), Jiangleizhou, almost into the land of no one. In the face of Li Dingguo's sharp blade, Shang Kexi, Geng Jimao and the governor of Guangdong were very interested. They gave up most of Guangdong's territory in a panic and withdrew the troops from all over the country to the Guangzhou area. Li Dingguo, who has not been dazzled by the victory, knows that it is really difficult to completely conquer the whole of Guangdong by relying solely on this little soldier in his hands.Therefore, he decided to join Zheng Chenggong and take Guangdong together as the main bargaining chip for defeating the enemy this time. Therefore, he set the target of his next advance at Xinhui in the south of Guangzhou. Xinhui is located in the west of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Province. It has superior geographical conditions and has an inland waterway connecting it with the outer sea. Compared with Zhaoqing, which attacked last time, it is closer to the coast. This will be more convenient for Zheng Chenggong's "Sea and Land Allied Forces" arrival. Li Dingguo, who had been let go of the "dove" by Comrade Zheng Chenggong, still has strong confidence in him this time because he believes that before the "Huanghuang Imperial Edict" of Emperor Yongli, he has always claimed to be "loyal and patriotic" and has been with the old Zhu family. Zheng Chenggong, who has relatives, will never live up to his words this time. It is one of the roots of Li Dingguo's life tragedy to measure the complex hearts of others with his own simple heart, and this time is no exception! On the way to Xinhui in April, Comrade Li Dingguo was rarely ill in Gaozhou, and the illness was not serious. He was groggy and unable to drink water all day long... He was sick, so he had to send his own army to join forces with Guangdong Yishi Wang Xing and other departments to march towards Xinhui and launch a tentative attack; on the other hand, he sent powerful envoys to Xiamen to urge Comrade Zheng Chenggong to send troops as soon as possible. When Li Dingguo's Ming envoys rushed to Xiamen in a hurry, Zheng Chenggong's negotiations with the Qing court were entering a good stage. The Qing court is now sensitive to the "uncalmness" of the battlefields in Hunan and Guangdong, so it has made every effort to maintain the "calmness" along the coast of Fujian and Zhejiang as the primary goal of this negotiation, so the price offered to Zheng Chenggong this time is not It's not high, it's not bad! The specific price is as follows: 1. Seal Zheng Chenggong as Lord Haicheng, and hang the seal of General Jinghai; 2. Designate Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, Huizhou, and Quanzhou as Zheng Chenggong's garrison places. The funds required by Zheng's army will be covered by the four prefectures' finances. The insufficient part can be applied to the central government; 3. The Qing court did not change any of the generals of the Zheng army, they were still appointed by Zheng Chenggong, and they could be reported to the Ministry of War for the record; 4. The Jin Li Department of the Qing Army stationed in Fujian "friendly" withdrew from Fujian and transferred to other places. These price tags cannot but make Zheng Chenggong "extremely tempted". Emotions are like a bowl of water that is difficult to level. Zheng Chenggong has more affection for Qing envoys, but naturally less affection for Ming envoys. Although the Ming envoy is still polite and delicious, but he is not allowed to go out to visit the great rivers and mountains of the motherland (necessary for confidentiality), which makes the Ming envoy very angry. It was not until the hot summer of August that Zheng Chenggong sent his envoy back to the south, and asked him to send a letter of "talking to himself" to Li Dingguo. In the letter, Zheng Chenggong made two promises to Li Dingguo. 1. He has sent a general to go north with Zhang Mingzhen to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and there will be good news soon; 2. He will march into Huizhou, Chaozhou, Guangdong, as a check. After sending off the Ming envoy, Zheng Chenggong finally "consistent with his words and deeds". He took the unexpired "acceptance bill" from "Haicheng Gong" of the Qing Dynasty, and went to Huizhou, Chaozhou to withdraw it in advance, and successfully "debited" a lot of grain from these two places. This can also be regarded as the only contribution he made in this Ming and Qing battle! When Li Dingguo received Zheng Chenggong's reply, the Xinhui battle had been going on for more than two months. During the two-month battle, because Li Dingguo was seriously ill, he was unable to visit the front line in person.The battle was mainly fought by his subordinate Wu Zisheng, who led the volunteers from Guangdong. Was it effective? ——wasting time, labor in vain! Here, although there is a problem with Wu Zisheng's commanding ability, the more important reason is that the Qing government's policy of "decentralization of power to benefit officials" has created a vested interest class within the Qing government. This class looks down on national boundaries, underestimates the rise and fall of the country, and always puts the maintenance of its own prosperity and wealth in the first place, and resolutely resists the implementation of the "recovery cause" of Ming Dynasty! The Qing Dynasty officials who stick to Xinhui are a group of such vested interests. Can't beat Xinhui City, and received such a perfunctory letter from Zheng Chenggong, Li Dingguo's depressed mood can be imagined! After pondering for a while, he first wrote a long letter to Zheng Chenggong in a dignified tone. In the letter, he emphasized the principle of acting as a loyal minister "If you don't wait for the king's order, I would rather delay my action?", and pointed out straightforwardly that "the urgent task of the day should be to join forces with Xinhui and recover Guangdong." After the long letter was sent out, Li Dingguo, who was afraid that he hadn't finished speaking, wrote another sincere note to Zheng Chenggong, pointing out that "the sage is in danger, and it goes without saying. Please send troops to respond. If you send troops later than October 15th (pay attention to this date), it will not help!" Because of the painful lesson of being "let the pigeon go once" by the opponent, Li Dingguo, who was not relieved after the long letter and short note was sent, had to go south to help his illness and personally command the Xinhui campaign. He first sent Chen Qice to lead his navy into Xijiang, captured Jiangmen (now Jiangmen City), and killed Gai Yipeng, the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Navy of the Qing Dynasty. In this way, the Ming army not only controlled the outlet of Guangzhou, but also cut off the channel between Guangzhou and Xinhui. As soon as Jiangmen was lost, Guangzhou had a feeling of cold swishing on the back of the knife holder. Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao saw that they could no longer shrink their heads, so they had to lead the army hand in hand and rushed to Jiangmen on September 12. , and vigorously strengthen the defense of this area. But because brother Dingguo was too aggressive, the two kings did not dare to move forward, so they had to stay in Jiangmen, facing Li Dingguo's bluff while facing the Qing court for help! This put the Qing army in Xinhui into a particularly "lonely and helpless" tragic situation. But the defenders who are determined to fight against Li Dingguo to the end have already put the life and death of the residents of the city aside, and put their own life and death in their "belly".The barbaric city defense method of "survival of the city and death of the people" was completely adopted. When the military rations are exhausted, they will eat civilian rations; when the civilian rations are exhausted, they will eat "people"; Even celebrities such as Xinhui Juren Mo Zhilian, Gongsheng Li Lingchang, Shengyuan Yu Hao, Lu Ao, etc., all became "meat on the anvil and food in the belly" of the defenders. What an evil! Outside the city, a large-scale epidemic also occurred in the Ming army. The number of non-combat deaths rose sharply, and morale was greatly affected. The combat power of the offensive and defensive sides has reached its limit when December approaches! At this moment, the Manchu and Han reinforcements sent by the Qing court finally arrived under the leadership of Qing Jingnan General Zhu Mala! After the arrival of the Qing army, the armies of Shang and Geng vassals finally dared to "fight against the dog".On December 14th, a general attack was launched against Li Dingguo's Ming army. After four days and four nights of decisive battle, the Ming army collapsed across the board, "Gejia abandoned his way, the dead were counted, and thirteen elephants died." The Xinhui battle, which lasted for half a year, finally ended with Nanming's defeat! After the failure of the battle, the Qing army took advantage of the victory to pursue, and Li Dingguo was forced to withdraw to Guangxi.The states and counties that were restored in Guangdong were lost again, and the volunteers in the Guangdong uprising were defeated again. When withdrawing from Guangdong, 600,000 to 700,000 people along the way, unwilling to be "subjugated slaves", retreated with the Ming army. Looking at the refugee contingent stretching hundreds of miles, Li Dingguo, who once had the ambition of "one world", thought of attacking Guangdong twice and failing twice, couldn't help feeling sad and burst into tears! Just when the Xinhui battle was getting tight, Comrade Zheng Chenggong finally sent troops. Every time he "performs the contract", there is his "unique" purpose, and this time is no exception. During the peace talks, Zheng Chenggong, who had tasted the sweetness, asked the Qing court for higher and higher prices. In terms of territory, his requirements have been raised from the four prefectures of Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, Huizhou, and Quanzhou to the five prefectures of Wenzhou, Taizhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, and Chuzhou in Fujian and Zhejiang. He even put forward a condition that "extremely annoyed" the Qing court-referring to the North Korean model, he and his officials and the army only professed to the Qing Dynasty and did not shave their hair! In order to get what he wanted during the negotiations, Zheng Chenggong sent troops to Guangdong in a "pretentious" manner after careful consideration, and planned to "spiritually intimidate" the Qing court through an "armed parade" . Since dispatching troops is an "image action", it is necessary to send a rather special person to be the commander. This special commander is Comrade Lin Cha, who is an "expert in the civil war". If I remember correctly, it was this master who led the Shaowu army and defeated the Yongli army back then! Using such a person with a "special criminal record" as the "top leader", Zheng Chenggong's heart can be described as good and bitter. Lin Cha, who is well versed in Zheng Chenggong's inner world, pushed back and forth on the date of dispatching troops until October 19 before sailing south. Earlier, Li Dingguo had repeatedly reminded Zheng Chenggong of a day—October 15. Why is Li Dingguo so sensitive about this day? This is because after this day, the wind on the sea will change from northerly to southerly, which will greatly reduce the speed of southbound ships in the sailing age in the late Ming Dynasty. Lincha's fleet, under the reverse blowing of this south wind, stopped and dawdled until November 19th before reaching Nan'ao. After resting in Nan'ao for seven days, Lin Cha turned to the inland river. Finally, on December 14, when the decisive battle of Xinhui began, he joined forces with a navy led by Chen Qice at the Dapeng Institute. The place where they met was only more than 100 kilometers away from Xinhui. If they advance at a rapid marching speed, they can arrive at noon in the morning! If this fresh army of 30,000 people is thrown into the battlefield, it is not yet known who will win the battle? But just like the French general Grouchy in the Battle of Waterloo 161 years later, at the moment of the decisive battle, Lin Cha stopped "unbelievably", and the stop lasted for several days. The chance of victory was lost irreversibly in such a stay. After learning that Li Dingguo was defeated and retreated westward, Lin Cha quickly withdrew to the sea to prevent "close contact" with the Qing army. In the rippling sea, Zheng Jun stayed for several months without fighting, and finally returned to Xiamen in May 1655. After returning to Xiamen, Lin Cha was punished by Zheng Chenggong for downgrading because of "King Qin joined the aid and stayed to wait and see", and the result was nothing more! Just when Li Dingguo was defeated and retreated westward, the Qing government solemnly declared to the whole world on the grounds that Zheng Chenggong's "words were rebellious and unscrupulous": "Stop all peace talks with Zheng Chenggong, and send troops to attack immediately." Then, Emperor Shunye appointed Prince Zheng Jierhalang's son Jidu as the great general of Dingyuan, led Gushan Beizi Wu Dahai, Gushan Ezhenga Dahui, etc., and led the troops to Fujian, vowing to send Zheng Chenggong, who had "repeatedly resisted the destiny" , rushed to the sea to feed the fish. Now that the war was about to start, Zheng Zhilong, who was used as a negotiating tool, suddenly became a waste. Soon, Emperor Shunzhi, in response to the strong request of the vast number of "supervisory cadres" (censors) in the Qing Dynasty, sent Zheng Zhilong and his family members in Beijing to prison. How Zheng's father and son learned from the pain is not what this article cares about.Now, let us go back and see how the other new force of the anti-Qing army (let's call it the third front army), under the leadership of Sun Kewang, performed in this life-and-death battle? Although Sun Kewang had been in harmony with Emperor Yongli for a long time, they coincided with each other when it came to the big issue of "going east to seek justice". Since the failure of Baoqing and the stalemate in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Comrade Sun Kewang was very eager to create another glories in the anti-Qing battlefield in order to further enhance his prestige and bring himself closer to the throne of the emperor. But Sun Kewang knows that his level is "proud in the officialdom, but frustrated in the battlefield". If he takes command this time, he will inevitably be "bruised" by failure. I can't be in command, who should I choose? Li Dingguo has parted ways with him and cannot be used; Feng Shuangli and Bai Wenxuan are not unique talents and cannot be used. After thinking about it, Sun Kewang thought of Liu Wenxiu, his third brother who was kicked to Kunming by himself because of the defeat in the Baoning War. Sun Kewang, who was very "open-minded and magnanimous", turned to Liu Wenxiu in the name of Emperor Yongli, and named Liu Wenxiu "Da Zhao" (equivalent to a supervisor), and ordered him to "supervise all armies and send troops to the east." And at this moment, what is Liu Wenxiu doing? In the past two years of being "abandoned", Liu Wenxiu has adapted to this peaceful life of "all the birds are flying high, and the lonely cloud is alone". He stays at home all day long, focusing on his own reading and teaching his children. on reading. After falling from a high temple to the ordinary world, he began to have close contact with ordinary people. In Kunming, rumors about Sun Kewang's plan to replace Emperor Yongli and establish a "post-Ming Dynasty" are spreading rapidly. Although there are many versions and different opinions, when people bring up this matter, they always like to use a simple and clear word to express their thoughts, feelings and value orientation. This word is - "Bah"! A small word "呵" shows the people's self-evident political inclination. Brother Kewang, did you hear that?Do you understand it? the answer is negative!Based on his understanding of Sun Kewang for many years, this eldest brother has a stubborn personality and a paranoid personality. He will not give up if he does not achieve his goal if he sees things right. Then, the next step may be that people's hearts will be lost suddenly, swords and swords will be shadowed, blood will flow into rivers, and success will fail. One side is "public opinion" and the other is "family affection". Every time he thinks about this, he is disturbed and shivering with chills! In order to seek relief, he became obsessed with learning Taoism, hoping to find spiritual sustenance in this world of "confused life and death, emptiness and emptiness". When the decree came to him, he, dressed in plain robes, was about to enter Jizu Mountain to learn Taoism. The majestic imperial decree pulled him back to the real world from the road of fleeing to the illusory world. But he knew where and from whom this imperial decree came from, and what was its meaning? When he thought of Sun Kewang's ugly face of "the emperor wants to do things for himself", and he really didn't want to be Sun Kewang's wedding dress, his heart was as cold as ice! But when he thought of "one hundred and two Qin Passes, all trapped in the dust; thousands of survivors, looking at the king's teacher in tears", his heart felt like boiling soup, and his blood was surging. After some "going and staying", Liu Wenxiu finally packed up his luggage and headed north hesitantly. In April 1654, when the spring was warm and the flowers were blooming, Comrade Liu Wenxiu finally arrived at Guiyang, where Sun Kewang was camping. Sun Kewang gave Liu Wenxiu a lot of face, and not only held a grand welcoming ceremony for him with all the civil and military officials, but also held a grand welcome banquet. However, Liu Wenxiu didn't give Sun Kewang face very much. At the welcome banquet, he uttered nonsense, saying, "The emperor is like a Buddha and Bodhisattva, and we are like great monks. We need to play our respective roles well in order to defeat the enemy and restore the Central Plains." For this reason, Sun Kewang once wanted to "take down" Liu Wenxiu again, but thought that there was no one to replace him, so he had to give up in resentment! However, in order to prevent Liu Wenxiu from making small moves behind his back, before leaving Guizhou, he gave "secret lectures" to his "direct line" generals, asking them to treat the military orders that Liu Da recruited differently, and not to obey unprincipled . After arranging all this, Sun Kewang set foot on the journey back to Kunming with peace of mind. Along the way, Sun Kewang did not forget to add some "auspicious" materials to himself from time to time. When he passed the Huangguoshu Waterfall, he was so excited that he wrote "Wangshuiting Ji", which is excerpted as follows: In the summer of Jiawu (1654), I stayed in the old pavilion and admired it. The water in the Erer (shortly) pond gushed several feet, like a raging tide in Qiantang, spraying clouds and mist, staring left and right, and it was flat for a long time.Or say: The effect of the rhinoceros is different.Yuan (so) ordered Suosi (local officials) to choose the victorious pavilion for viewing.The pavilion is completed to win and benefit, because the stones are recorded, and the records are different.He also titled its stone wall as "Xue Yingchuan Xia". Just like Liu Bang bragging that he killed the son of Baidi when he killed the snake, Hong Xiuquan nonsense said that he was going to see God when he fell asleep. A new "god-making movement". But Liu Wenxiu didn't care about Sun Kewang's "gossip". After Sun left, Liu Wenxiu immediately joined the army and started a large-scale "ideological rectification movement." On the pretext that the generals are more than brave but not loyal enough, he specially printed "Biography of Hundred Generals" and distributed it to the whole army. He organized the soldiers to study and discuss carefully, and invited local scholars to the barracks to discuss Special lectures were given. Unknowingly, the concept of loyalty to the emperor and patriotism has sprouted and taken root in this army! After returning to Yunnan, Sun Liu agreed on the battle plan: that is, in August of this year, from the Xiangjiang River to the Yangtze River, join forces with Zhang Mingzhen and others, and seize Jiangnan. On the Hunan battlefield where the Ming and Qing confronted each other at that time, the situation was also very favorable for the Ming army to launch a major counterattack. In the Qing Dynasty, Tunqi, who was exhausted by the war, had led all his troops back to the north; Hong Chengchou, who had just arrived, had only more than 10,000 "elite soldiers" on hand, and was being burned by uprisings of all sizes in Hunan. On the south side, the 20,000 "Da Ming Navy" led by Zhang Mingzhen has entered the Yangtze River; the Xinhui campaign in Guangdong is also in full swing.These two are holding back the Qing army from the north to the south. If they advance again and give them a fatal blow, the situation on the entire Ming and Qing battlefield will be changed. But at this moment, Liu Wenxiu stopped moving forward! The reason for the stagnation mainly comes from within. After returning to Kunming, Sun Kewang, with the support of batches of "public opinion representatives", actively organized a "preparatory committee" and quickly accelerated the pace of officially enthroning and proclaiming emperor. This naturally aroused the dissatisfaction of quite a few officials loyal to the Ming Dynasty. Invisibly, a struggle was formed between the "Supporting Ming faction" headed by Liu Wenxiu and the "De-Ming faction" headed by Sun Kewang. Internal "political struggle" replaced "military struggle" and became the top priority in Nanming. After ten months of hustle and bustle, open and secret battles, Sun Kewang's plan of "going to the Ming Dynasty to become emperor" was delayed indefinitely. But together with being delayed, there is also Nanming's chance to win. During these ten months, the Qing Dynasty, under Hong Chengchou's repeated "pleadings", Emperor Shunzhi had to mobilize a new force again, let Gushan Ezhen, Ningnan Jingkou General Chen Tai (Manchu) lead , went to Hunan and Hubei to assist in guarding. 另外，还有咱们前面提到过的，清军已取得广东新会会战的胜利，清方来自东南方向的压力，已大为减轻。 也就是说，在1655年春，当南明内部斗争暂时“尘埃落定”，刘文秀决定正式发起“东伐”战役时，他面前的形势，已变得很不乐观。 四月，在刘文秀的指挥下，南明大将卢明臣、冯双礼等部的马步兵丁六万、象四十余只，己在湖南辰州集结完毕，准备向清军发动大规模的进攻。 刘文秀筹划的这次军事行动，共三步走。 第一步：攻占常德，切断洞庭湖西面面向长江的通道； 第二步：收复长沙、衡阳、岳州，完全控制长江的湖南段航线； 第三步：与张名振部会师后，进攻武昌，打开抗清战争的新局面。 为保证第一步——攻占常德的计划，能如期实现，刘文秀采取了水陆并进的方针。即卢明臣率水军乘船由沅江进发，他率马步兵从陆上挺进。 但常德战役的失败，就坏在这“水陆并进”上。 因为这时候，长江流域已进入了梅雨季节，连日降雨，江水猛涨，道路泥泞。 在这种气侯下行军，对水军造成的麻烦，不是很大，怛对陆军而言，可就大下了。 刘文秀带领的马步兵常被洪水滞留，行动速度大受影响，根本无法做到同卢明臣的水军同期抵达。 而卢明臣统领的水军，却借着猛涨的江水，轻舟直过万重山，4月17日即到达桃源，并攻克该县。 在桃源短暂休整后，卢明臣率水军继续前进，直趋常德。 而此时常德的防御，早在5月10日，就得到“全面强化”。 统帅常德守军的，是大清军政界一颗冉冉升起的“新星”——苏克萨哈（日后康熙朝的四大辅政大臣之一）。 在具体的作战方式上，苏克萨哈决定向曾经的老对手李定国同志虚心学习，不搞被动防御，而是——且看下文！ 5月23日深夜，准备夜袭常德的卢明臣部，刚到城下，就昏头涨脑地钻进了苏克萨哈精心设计好的埋伏圈。 激战到次日中午，没有得到陆军支援，且又被围起来狠扁的南明水军，几乎全部覆灭，主帅卢明臣同志，也不幸以身殉职。 清军在常德获胜后，再接再厉，趁胜加强了辰州方面的防务。 刘文秀见状，认为事已不可为，便将军队撤回贵州，以图再举。 本已对刘文秀不满的孙可望，根本不打算再给其“东山再起”的机会。闻此兵败，马上再次解除了其兵权，赶回昆明“闲住”。 孙可望集团这边的“迟滞不达”，到最后又不了了之，可苦了在长江中“遥望南天，翘首企盼”的张名振。 就在李定国刚刚挺进广东前夕，张名振已领着他的“大明海军”，开始了艰难的长江之役！ 战役之始，正为缺少引路人而寝食难安的张名振，却意外地得到了“好向导”。 这个“好向导”就是“大明智慧之神”刘伯温的后裔——刘孔昭。 在前面讲的南明朝那些事中，刘孔昭绝对够得上一个标准的“跳梁小丑”。 在弘光朝的名利场中，这个“小丑”不停歇地站在斗争的最前列，以自己无与伦比的滑稽表演，为我们的故事增添了许多浓烈的悲喜色彩。 但真实的历史，就是如此地立体和丰富，在南明已快成为一抹夕阳的时候，孔昭同志却像一个追日的夸父，带着儿子，穿越生死封锁线，自觉自愿地跑到张名振军中效力。 1654年1月17日，张名振、刘孔昭、张煌言率领“大明海军”分批进入长江，冲过狼山、福山、江阴、清江等清军江防汛地，四天后即到达离京口（即镇江）只有“一水间”的瓜洲。 按捺不住激动心情的张名振，终于在镇江金山发起了首次登陆战，并一举成功。 “脱手斩得小楼兰”后，张名振与刘孔昭、张煌言登临镇汇金山寺，在这曾经发生过梁红玉擂鼓战金兵的地方，三人眺望浩瀚长江，遥祭苍茫孝陵，不禁泪下沾襟。 两百多年前，洪武爷在此挥师北伐、驱逐胡虏、恢复中华，何等雄壮！ 两百多年后，胡虏再来，中原沦陷、神州陆沉，又何等悲凉！ 在万千感慨中，张名振挥毫泼墨，写下了《接济秦藩师泊金山遥拜孝陵有感而赋》。 “十年横海一孤臣，佳气钟山望里真。鹑首义旗方出楚，燕云羽檄已通闽。王师桴鼓心肝噎，父老壶浆涕泪亲。南望孝陵兵缟素，会看大纛祃龙津。” 张名振等在金山停留数日，以待上游“秦藩”出兵会师的消息，无奈杳如黄鹤。 而清江南总督马国柱所派的各路援军，正急匆匆地向这边赶来。 见军队孤悬江中，久留不宜，张名振只得挥师东下。 东下途中，在扬州府属的吕四场，张名振率军再次发起登陆战，击败了防守清军、缴获了大批物资。 尔后，从容返回崇明岛休整一个月后，在3月29日，张名振再次率部，二进长江。 这一次，他带来的兵更多，光运兵船就达六百多艘；西进的地域也更深，直达了距南京仅数公里的仪真。 但和第一次一样，他仍设有见到“秦藩”的一兵一卒。 对“秦藩”感到隐隐约约的失望后，返回崇明的张名振，转而把希望寄托在国姓爷郑成功的身上。 5月18日，张名振带着少数军队南下，先到温州买米七船。 然后他南下闽海，到厦门面见郑成功，要求其提供兵员、火药、器械等方面的支持。 在谈判中已经悟出“战与和”关系的郑成功，为了以战促和，对张名振的“有理要求”，没有拒绝。 他派大将陈辉统水兵五千、陆兵一万、大船近百艘随之北上，这让张名振终于露出了久违的笑容。 但笑容并没有持续多久！ 在船队起航后，陈辉便在其船上升起大纛，俨然以主帅自居。 见状，名振同志便要求其降下大纛，陈辉执意不从，两人因此于濠头分裂。 分裂后，陈辉率所部南下，独自行动，让张名振再次成为孤军独旅！ 十二月，张名振、张煌言等率所部战船四百艘，第三次进入长江。 此次，比前两次又深入一步，十八日即到达南京上元县境的朱家嘴，焚掳了多艘江西粮船。 此后相当长的一段时间内，张名振的“大明海军”，在江苏、安徽的长江江面上走走停停、往来穿梭，不断探听着“秦藩”军队的消息。 直到粮食无法补给后，张名振才茫然若失地退出长江。 常德、长冮之役在悄无声息中落幕，标志着南明在这场生死大角逐中，将无缘再创东晋淝水之战，南宋釆石之战的胜利辉煌了。 历史是大方的，也是小气的，机会一旦错过，将来的“卷案下课”，不可避免。 在这场横跨东西、纵跃南北的大会战中，南明，更象一辆五马拉的大车。李定国、张名振一心一意，郑成功三心二意，孙可望别有心意，刘文秀有心无意，各有各想，各出各力！ 相反，对立面的清朝，倒是同心协力，步调一致，故终在这次大会战中，迎风向雨，笑傲江湖！ 在本章的最后，让我再来交待一下两位会战重要参予者的人生归宿吧！ 张名振，在退出长江后，为寻找落脚点，再一次占领舟山群岛。 但让他大失所望的是，此时的舟山，早已是人去岛空。居民不是被万恶的清政府屠杀，就是强制内迁，偌大的岛上，仅剩六户人家。 气急怨恨加上奔波劳碌，张名振一病不起，不久便在灰心失望中，黯然辞世。 他死后，部下由张煌言统领，继续在东南沿海坚持抗清斗争。 钱谦益，在得到姚志卓飞报后，与夫人柳如是一同慷慨解囊，秘密在山区组织起一支五百人的抗清武装。 在得知张各振进入长江时，这支武装即在姚志卓的率领下，穿山越水，投身其间，为之联络引路、筹备粮草…… 当会战失败，一切抱负无法施展中时，钱谦益剩下的，只有书宅私和书本。 他一面痛定思痛，在书本中抒发无尽的悔恨与故国情思；一面校勘群书，保存传统文化中点点菁华。 1664年（康熙三年），钱谦益病故，享年八十二岁。 150年后，从国家绝密资科知悉钱谦益“首鼠两端”的乾隆帝，勃然大怒，点名将这位文化大师列入《贰臣传》的乙编，并做诗挖苦他“平生谈节义，两姓事君王，进退都无据，文章那有光。”还嗤之为“有才无形之人”，下令在全国封杀其所有著作。 即使在修集大成的《四库全书》时，钱谦益的著作，也被排斥在外，书中凡涉及钱谦益名字者，或改或删。 直到在全国人民前，彻底揭露出钱谦益的“丑恶嘴脸”后，乾隆帝方吿罢休。 又过了100多年，清王朝被推翻，钱谦益的著述，终重见天日，再次成为我国文化史上一朵炫丽盛开的奇葩。