Chapter 21 Chapter 20 The Fall of the Two Dynasties

Let us turn our attention back to the Jianmin battlefield on the Eastern Front! During the four months from August to December 1645, the situation on the Eastern Front was not conducive to the Qing, but beneficial to the Ming. The situation faced by the Qing army was: there were few genuine soldiers, many miscellaneous soldiers, and a lot of things to deal with. This is because Dorgon transferred most of the Manchurian, Mongolian and Han Eight Banners troops led by Doduo and Azig back to the north for "summer escape", leaving only less than 10,000 Manchu Eight Banners troops in Nanjing.

And a large number of soldiers from the Southern Ming Dynasty had to go to various places in the south to suppress the mass "hair care" riots that erupted one after another. This situation of "resistance everywhere and suppression everywhere" does not matter to Dorgon, nor does he want to change it. Because he felt: Killing surrendered soldiers eliminates internal troubles, killing rebels eliminates troubles, anyway, he will not suffer from either. But his "small abacus" provided an opportunity for the establishment of the Longwu Dynasty and Lu Jianguo. But now the situation facing the Ming army is: the territory is not too small, the people are more cooperative, and there are many soldiers.

Nanming still has more than 2 million square kilometers of land in the south, and the dissatisfaction and resistance of the Han people across the country to the hair-shaving order has invisibly increased Nanming's popularity index. At the same time, in terms of the number of troops, there were about 700,000 to 800,000 soldiers in the Hongguang Dynasty who were unwilling to surrender, the garrisons in the southern provinces, and the "rebels" in various places. Under such circumstances, Lu Jianguo, who was on the front line of the Anti-Qing Dynasty, was eager to prepare for a large-scale military operation.

In August 1645, without much preparation, Lu Jianguo commanded nearly 200,000 troops, hurriedly crossed the Qiantang River, and launched a tentative attack on Hangzhou City. Lu Jianguo did have unspeakable difficulties in doing so. Because he was half a beat behind, except for Zhedong, Nanming and other places regarded him as a "little three" who was fighting for power and profit. In order to "rectify" himself in time, Lu Jianguo decided to take advantage of his own geographical advantages, first take down Hangzhou nearby, and then go straight to the old capital Nanjing, howling in front of the tomb of the ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang, and crossing the golden age politically Finally, challenge "Uncle Zhu" of the Longwu Dynasty!

But fighting an unprepared battle is tantamount to death. In this attack, the Ming army only imitated the bricks of Hangzhou City, and was "flattened" by the Qing army before being driven back. "Failure is the mother of success." Lu Jianguo, who was defeated in the attack, ran back to Shaoxing and worked hard for three months to save money, raise food and recruit soldiers, preparing to cross the Qiantang River again and again and attack Hangzhou City for the second time. . In order to ensure that the dragons have a leader, Lu Jianguo copied the model of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, who built an altar to worship the general, and also built a platform with stones, and worshiped Fang Guoan as the commander-in-chief of the three armies.

On December 19, the eve of the offensive, Lu Jianguo also went to the front line to reward the three armies. After shouting "comrades have worked hard", he also gave each soldier participating in the battle two yuan of "life money". On December 24, the battle started under the city of Hangzhou, but at this time the city of Hangzhou was already stronger and tighter than in August. The Ming army fought several times, but to no avail. Seeing the "weakness" of the Ming army, the Qing army defending the city divided into three groups and took the initiative to go out of the city to fight. As a result, the Ming army was defeated. There were eleven lieutenants captured, and more generals, guerrillas, and guards, forty-eight.

This failure turned Lu Jianguo from a strategic offense to a strategic defense, and he could only sigh across the "river"! But history will not generously set aside a lot of time for "the weak to grow stronger". On February 19, 1646, after clearing up the Zhongzheng Camp and He Tengjiao's miscellaneous army on the Huguang battlefield, Dorgon was already confident that "there was no war on the western front", so he cast his gloomy eyes on the Zhejiang-Fujian battlefield on the eastern front. . Dorgon has such a soft spot for the Eastern Front, not only because of the need to pull out the two banners of fighting against the Qing Dynasty, Zhejiang, Fujian, Lu Jianguo, and Longwu, but also because Zhejiang and Fujian are important grain-producing provinces. It means that there is no end to the food.

Duo ErGun decided to carry out the largest military operation since the eradication of the Hong Guang Dynasty, in order to complete his achievements in one battle. He once again boldly used an outstanding general in the "Three Generations of the Emperor (grandson of Nurhachi, nephew of Dorgon)"-Beileboluo as the general who conquered the South, and Gushan Ezhentulai as his deputy, and let them lead him to rest After half a year, the Manchu and Han Eight Banners went south along the canal and arrived in Nanjing. After arriving in Nanjing, Boluo handed over duties to General Pingnan Leke Dehun. Comrade Leke Dehun took his troops back to Beijing for a "holiday". Boluo continued to fight against Nanming.

In order to ensure that "many people are powerful" in this military operation, Boluo repeatedly issued orders to recruit more than 20,000 "elites" among the surrendered troops of the Southern Ming Dynasty, including Li Chengdong, Cao Cunxing, and Fan Shaozu. Accompany him to march south. In this military operation, Boluo was responsible for attacking Zhejiang and Fujian.At the same time, he also ordered Nanming to surrender, and Jin Shengheng, the current commander (admiral) of the Jiangxi Military Region, was in charge of attacking Jiangxi as a containment. On May 15, the army led by Bo Luo arrived in Hangzhou via Suzhou and began to make material preparations for the armed crossing of the Qiantang River.

At this time, God ran over again to "help the evildoers". Due to the long drought and no rain in Zhejiang this year, the water volume of the Qiantang River has dropped by half compared with the same period in previous years. As a result, when the Qing army was training by the river, they found that the locals were bathing in the center of the river, and the water was only submerged. boobs. The Qing army quickly reported this "hydrological information" layer by layer, and Boluo immediately organized personnel to conduct a "trial crossing" at night, and found that people could cross the river smoothly with the help of war horses.

After Boluo secretly had fun for a while, he introduced a new military offensive plan as follows: On May 25, the Qing soldiers divided their troops into two groups. One was composed of elite horse infantry as the main force, wading across the river from Hangzhou Liuhe Pagoda, Fuyang, and Yanzhou; "Composition, acting as deputy, marched from the Biezimen along the coast, and attacked the Ming army deployed on the Qiantang River from the flank. Turning a blind eye and being accustomed to the phenomenon often leads to "blind spots" in people's cognition. Fang Guoan, commander-in-chief of the Ming army, had such a "blind spot". In his habitual thinking, "the sky and turbid waves are emptied, and the rivers and seas are destroyed." The Qiantang River is an insurmountable natural barrier for the Qing army. But on the night of May 25th, it cost him enough to regret his whole life! The main force of the Qing army "walked" across the Qiantang River within a range of tens of kilometers overnight, and went straight to the Ming army's position on the south bank. The "Sea Army Marine Corps" that cooperated with the main force also launched an attack on the Ming army from the flank. The Qiantang River defense line of the Ming army collapsed in an instant, and the Ming troops from all walks of life abandoned their positions one after another and retreated in the direction of Shaoxing. Once this line of defense was lost, there was no danger to defend from Hangzhou to Shaoxing, and the gleaming sabers of the Qing army had already swished coldly towards the capital of Lu Jianguo. Lu Jianguo did not learn from Chongzhen and did the stupid thing of "the monarch died in Sheji", nor did he learn from Hongguang and did the stupid thing of "running away alone". In an emergency, he first sent Jingyi General Mao Youlun to protect his wife, children and nanny and retreated to Taizhou to enter the sea. Then he asked the loyal "Navy Commander-in-Chief" Zhang Mingzhen to organize a navy to escort him out of Shaoxing, and fled to Taizhou by boat. into the arms of Mother Sea. However, for the sake of convenience, Mao Youlun changed the route from Jiaoguan to the sea without authorization, and was attacked by the traitor Zhang Guozhu here. Political "VIP". On May 30, Boluo began to arrive at the city of Shaoxing, and within 24 hours, Shaoxing was breached. Fang Guoan, who was still in the city of Hangzhou a year ago, is now seriously deficient in calcium. When Shaoxing City was broken, he surrendered to the Qing Dynasty together with the great scholars Fang Fengnian, Xie Sanbin, Song Zhipu, Ruan Dacheng and others. However, the history of Nanming is so weird. While the scum of "seriously degenerated thinking" appeared, two role models of "highly sublimated soul" - Wang Zhiren and Zhu Dian - were produced. Wang Zhiren, a native of Baoding, Zhili, was the younger brother of Wang Zhixin, the Chongzhen eunuch of the Ming Dynasty. With the help of his elder brother, a "specially successful person", Wang Zhiren, who came from a humble background, stepped into the officialdom and achieved the position of "Commander of the Dinghai Division (Dinghai Commander)" step by step. When King Lu surrendered to the Qing Dynasty in Hangzhou, he felt deeply that wealth and honor were not easy, and after wandering for a few times, he decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty with Daliu. After the Qing Dynasty, he still held his original position, but he did not continue his happy life. The heads and blood of countless Han compatriots made him feel ups and downs, thinking about whether the choice of Jiangqing at that time was right or wrong. At this time, the "Six Crazy Students" uprising led by Dong Zhining broke out in Ningbo Mansion. After the uprising broke out, he immediately became the target of both the "Pro-Qing faction" and the "Anti-Qing faction" with a gun in his hand. The "Supporting the Qing faction" is represented by the rich man and bureaucrat Xie Sanbin. This "vested interest" is afraid that the uprising will make his life and property less protected, so he sent someone to Dinghai with a personal letter, asking him to send troops quickly. Suppress the popular uprising, and promise to be thankful after it is done. The "anti-Qing faction" was represented by Qian Sule, the newly elected chairman of the "Ningbo People's Self-Regulation Committee" after the uprising. He also sent Ni Maoxi as an envoy to instigate Wang Zhiren, asking him to return to the ranks of the people in terms of national justice. . The envoys from both sides arrived almost at the same time, so where did Wang Zhiren go? He replied a letter to both factions, saying that he would lead the troops there on the 15th, and please come to the Martial Arts Field to greet them at that time. On the 15th, when he led his troops to the martial arts field where the two factions gathered, a dramatic scene appeared. The self-satisfied Xie Sanbin thought that Qian Sule and others would surely bloody the martial arts arena, but what he saw was that Wang Zhiren took out his letter requesting to suppress the uprising and read it out in public. The people who heard the letter were naturally filled with righteous indignation, and they all requested that Comrade Sanbin be bled on the spot as a sacrifice to the banner. Comrade Sanbin suddenly fainted three times and woke up three times. But this guy's head is quick to react. After a burst of tears of repentance, he said that he would pay "ten thousand gold for military pay", and please give him a chance to be a man again. After discussing with Qian Sule, Wang Zhiren, who was worrying about the lack of pay, agreed with Comrade Sanbin to "redee his life with money". Anyway, the later Wang Zhiren stationed in Ningbo, stabilized the situation in eastern Zhejiang, and became an important military force of Lu Jianguo. Later, he participated in the attack on Hangzhou City. Although he had no credit, he was tired, so he was first made a prince and then a marquis by Lu Jianguo. Seeing Lu Jianguo's army miserable like a mountain falling, the regime suddenly falling like a building, but the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, Fang Guoan, surrendered without a fight, Wang Zhiren's heart was like a knife, and indescribable resentment against Fang Guoan surged in his heart. But he was not prepared to "score twice" and went to the Qing Dynasty to beg for food again to survive! He summoned his generals who did not want to be "subjugated slaves", sailed from Jiaomen to the Zhoushan Islands on hundreds of seagoing ships, carrying a large amount of luggage, and planned to meet Comrade Huang Binqing, the "commander of the island military region" there. Wang Zhiren thought: "Although Comrade Huang Binqing is now under the banner of Emperor Longwu and was named Su Lubo by the Longwu Dynasty, at least everyone is under the banner of 'anti-Qing and restoring the Ming'. I guess this brother will welcome me with both hands." of." When approaching the Zhoushan Islands, Wang Zhiren first sent someone to see Commander Huang, and asked him to "join forces with him." From his mouth, Commander Huang knew that Wang Zhiren had a lot of luggage in his hands, so he warmly welcomed his brother and his subordinates to come to this island and work together for a great cause. He first received a large amount of luggage from Wang Zhiren, but when Wang's troops were about to land on the island, what greeted them was bursts of violent shelling. After the bombardment, Commander Huang commanded his navy to approach from all sides, preparing to annihilate or incorporate Wang's troops. Caught off guard, Wang Zhiren's warship suffered heavy losses. He hated Commander Huang's "little man's style", but there was nothing he could do. He ordered his subordinates to give up resistance and surrender to Commander Huang. But he himself was not prepared to surrender, so he scuttled the sea ship on which ninety-three members of his family members were boarding, letting the family members take the lead and martyrdom for the country. Afterwards, Wang Zhiren also threw the imperial seal issued by Lu Jianguo into the sea, and he took a big boat with the flag of Ming Dynasty flying high, and played drums and music together, making a big splash to Wusongkou, which had been occupied by the Qing army. coming. The Qing soldiers in Wusongkou had seen someone who surrendered, but they had never seen such a "fantasy" surrender, but they didn't dare to neglect, and hurriedly reported to Li Chengdong, the general soldier of Wusong, who immediately "welcome" Wang Zhiren and his group , Transferred to Hong Chengchou in Nanjing. Hong Chengchou also believed that Wang Zhiren was playing "surrender performance art", so he personally met with this "performing artist" in his official residence to see how he would follow in his footsteps and become a famous traitor. But this meeting started in a friendly atmosphere and ended in a hostile atmosphere. After the meeting, Wang Zhiren's attitude suddenly changed, and he said in a generous statement that he did this because he didn't want to be buried in the sea and died in an unclear way, which would be misunderstood by future generations, so he had to perform this performance to tell the world— —I, Wang Zhiren of Daming, live and die for Daming! Of course, deep in his heart, there is another reason that cannot be disclosed to the outside world. This is: I once made a mistake and was a traitor for a while, but I will never be a traitor for a lifetime. Next, Wang Zhiren pointed the spearhead of the struggle at Hong Chengchou, accusing him of forgetting the kindness of the former emperor, bearing the righteousness of the country, bringing captives into the house, and betraying the country for glory. Hong Chengchou was so ashamed and speechless on the spot. Hong Chengchou, who lost his mind, became furious and even avoided the trial procedure. He directly ordered his soldiers to chop Wang Zhiren into pieces with random knives, and buried his body directly under the rocky beach of Yuhuatai. Comrade Wang Zhiren, who was once a traitor for a while, completed the final proof for his life in this way. Qingshan is honored to bury his loyal bones, and Huatai deserves to accompany the heroic soul! One comrade went, and another comrade stood in front of the stage of history with high spirits. Shaoxing, the "capital" occupied by the Qing army, after the defeat of Lu Jianguo, all the prefectures in eastern Zhejiang under the "state" changed their banners and supported the Qing court to ensure the safety of their lives and property! But there is a corrupt official recognized all over the world——Zhu Dadian, who led the people to defend Jinhua, and sang a swan song that vowed not to surrender. Zhu Dadian, a native of Jinhua, Zhejiang, was a Jinshi in Bingchen, Wanli. In "Those Things in the Ming Dynasty", Comrade Zhu Dadian once showed his face gloriously, that is, he led the Ming army headed by Guan Ning's cavalry, and beat Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming who were entrenched in Dengzhou, Shandong and made troubles all over the place. Ya, fled to sea as a last resort. With this performance, he can also be regarded as a compound high-ranking cadre capable of writing and martial arts in the Ming Dynasty. But this comrade is a very famous corrupt official. When he was the supervisor in Fengyang, he asked for bribes extensively. The staff around him and the local cadres below were all the targets of his bribes. He solicited bribes, not only in breadth, but also in depth, so that the civil servants who were extorted bribes not only embezzled public funds, but also used them in their own pockets. The exploited and oppressed civil servants had nowhere to ask, so they had to give him the reputation of "Suckling Tiger Goshawk" and gave him behind his back in recognition of his outstanding achievements in the front of corruption. However, since the Jiashen State Change in 1644, Comrade Zhu Dadian has changed. He actively participated in the construction of the Hongguang regime, and was appointed as "Vice Minister of Defense (Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of War)" and Governor Jiangshang Military Affairs. During the work period, although he did not recreate the glory of Shandong, he still fulfilled his duties. After the fall of Nanjing, Comrade Dadian saw that there was nothing he could do, so he led his cronies back to his hometown of Jinhua, took out all the huge family property obtained illegally in the past, recruited militiamen, established the "Jinhua People's Self-Defense Force", and took the initiative to assume the responsibility of defending his hometown. . After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lu Jianguo appointed Comrade Dadian as a scholar and supervisor of Wenhuadian University, with jurisdiction over Jinhua, Lanxi, Tangxi, and Pujiang counties. Seeing that Zhu Dadian set up a flag of righteousness in Jinhua to fight against the Qing Dynasty, the commander-in-chief of the Qing army, Bo Luo, sent Zhu Dadian's "old acquaintance" Ruan Dacheng to write a letter to surrender. He believed that this world-famous corrupt official would definitely surrender for the sake of wealth. But Comrade Dadian tore up the book and killed him to show his determination. After receiving the letter, the commander-in-chief of the Qing army personally led the Manchu and Han troops from Shaoxing to Jinhua, surrounded the city in all directions, and carried out siege operations 24 hours a day. But Comrade Dadian's military command ability is very strong. He commanded the "Jinhua People's Self-Defense Force" and fought against the Qing army for more than 20 days. Boluo was stupid. If this "siege efficiency" continues, the "Jiangyin nightmare" may happen again to him. The red-eyed Boluo had no choice but to send someone to Hangzhou City to call the "Siege Brother" - the red cannon, and on the other hand, Zhang Cunren, the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, also led troops to help. Finally, on July 16, a section of the newly built city wall of Jinhua City was bombarded by the concentrated artillery fire of the Qing soldiers, and the Qing soldiers aggressively invaded Jinhua from the destroyed wall. Comrade Dadian still resisted tenaciously. It was not until most of the soldiers of the "Self-Defense Forces" died in battle that he calmly summoned 22 family members and 10 staff members to the gunpowder bureau of Bayong Building in Jinhua, and tied himself to the gunpowder barrels one by one with ropes. Above, Huai Bei all died together. After doing all this, Comrade Dadian stared in the direction of Wujia Village in Jinhua Changshan, which was the hometown where he was born and raised. When he was a teenager, his family failed in a lawsuit, and the whole family lived in poverty, so they could only live in the Fulong Temple by the village. He is sensitive and eager to learn, but his family is poor and has no money to go to school. There was a private school near Fulong Temple. When he was not cutting grass and collecting firewood, he often went to the private school to "learn the window to listen to lectures". The master and his master were moved by his studious spirit and made an exception to admit him to study for free. After getting the opportunity to study, he studied harder from then on, and finally passed the Jinshi examination in 1616 and embarked on an official career. With an unforgettable memory of poverty, he immediately became a "two-faced man" as soon as he set foot on his official career. He has a face that is brave to do things and dares to be responsible, and a face that is "very greedy and tyrannical". The entire Ming Dynasty was in the hands of these "double-faced people". Although the end of the country was sent away, it did not usher in the bright future. All the past events are in sight! But all of this will pass away. Looking up at the deep sky, looking at the vast land, the vast and magnificent Daming River and Mountains, I have betrayed you, but I love you even more! May my dedication today wash away my past filth! I came into this world clean, let me leave clean! When the Qing soldiers rushed in front of him, Comrade Zhu Dadian resolutely ignited the fuse, and with a bang, the thirty-two people were all benevolent for the country. During the Kangxi period, Zhu Dadian, Yan Wanling, Zhu Wanhua, Zhu Wan still, Zhu Yu and other comrades who died defending Jinhua were enshrined in the Xiangxian Temple and the Zhonglie Temple. In the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777), the Qing court bestowed the posthumous posthumous title on Zhu Dadian as "Liemingong", and built a 10-meter-high bluestone memorial archway with four pillars in front of Shuangxi Post in the north of Tongji Bridge in Jinhua. The four characters "Biaohai Chongxun" are engraved on it. Although human nature is weird, it is not complicated. Although the noble soul in the heart is dirty for a while, it will eventually return to nobility! I would like to dedicate this statement to Wang Zhiren and Zhu Dadian, two special "good comrades". After pulling out Jinhua, the "anti-Qing nail household", Boluo finally breathed a sigh of relief. After destroying Lu Jianguo in eastern Zhejiang, his next target will be the "pseudo-regime" of Longwu in Fujian. Boluo is 80% sure of successfully killing this "pseudo-regime". Because according to his "excellent united front cadre" - Comrade Su Zhonggui, Zheng Zhilong, the most powerful faction in the Longwu Dynasty, was about to abandon the "Ming" and join the "Qing", and the ceremony was Fujian Province and Emperor Longwu. The information Su Zhonggui brought is true. This is really "Success is Xiao He, and failure is Xiao He". Why did Zheng Zhilong, who pushed Zhu Yujian to the throne of the emperor with all his heart, go back on his word today and fight back. Of course, two words are inseparable from it-interest. When Zheng Zhilong supported Zhu Yujian to come to power, the purpose was to use this brother's brand to build the Zheng family into a super trust in Fujian that combines production, supply and marketing, and integrates the party, government and army. But he was quickly disappointed. Under the 277-year education of the foolish people who "respect the emperor and be loyal to the emperor" by the great leader of the Ming Dynasty, Comrade Zhu Yuanzhang, he went up to the ministers and ordinary people, and did not buy his account. The ideal of the son of heaven to make the princes" was wiped out in the bud. Also, Emperor Longwu, who was dreaming of "the great dream of Zhongxing" every day, did not fall into the "trap of tenderness" designed by him and could not extricate himself. Let him make selfless dedication - "pay money and send troops". Later, because of the incident of "Er Zheng (Zheng Cai, Zheng Hongkui) descending to nobility", the relationship between Emperor Longwu and the Zheng family suddenly dropped below zero. This event is like this. In order to aid the "anti-Qing volunteers" in Jianchang, Jiangxi, Emperor Longwu once ordered Zheng Cai to send troops to Shanguan for reinforcements, but Zheng Cai did not move after arriving at Shanguan. No matter how the supervisor Zhang Jiayu urged, Zheng Cai still ignored and turned a deaf ear. Later, when he heard that the Qing soldiers were approaching, Zheng Cai simply pulled up his team and left. Zhang Jianjun was naturally extremely angry, and immediately went to Shushu to report to Emperor Longwu. Emperor Longwu was also polite, and immediately exercised the power of the emperor, and issued an edict to cut off Zheng Cai's earl. However, Zheng Cai's matter has not subsided, and Zheng Hongkui ordered his subordinate Huang Kehui to withdraw from Zhejiang Jiangshan and return to Fujian without authorization. Emperor Longwu was even more impolite this time. He first issued an imperial edict and angrily scolded Zheng Hongkui for "wasting his military salary in vain and escaping without reason", and then demoted his position as a grand master to a minor teacher. The extreme disappointment with the Zheng family, coupled with the failure of Zodiac Zhou's Northern Expedition, made Emperor Longwu leave Fujian, find a backer again, and have a stronger desire for transformation and development. Hunan's success in enlisting Dashun Army filled his eyes with disappointment, but also a ray of hope. Because he didn't understand the differences and contradictions between Du Yinxi and He Tengjiao, and he had a preference for He Tengjiao, an "old man from Nanyang", he put all the accounts of his success in recruiting on Governor He's head. Now he believes that Comrade He Tengjiao, who has "ample land, abundant food, and strong soldiers and horses", is a good comrade who is "trustworthy and trustworthy", so he decided to find this comrade to "create great achievements together." His plan to find this comrade was divided into two steps. The first step: the imperial conquest, in order to move the capital of the country from Fuzhou in Fujian to Ganzhou in Jiangxi. Step 2: If Jiangxi succeeds in deploying troops, take advantage of the momentum and let He Tengjiao in the west make the Northern Expedition, Zheng Zhilong in the east cooperate, Guangdong and Guangxi in the south provide logistical support, and he himself takes command of Ganzhou in the middle. If the use of troops in Jiangxi is unfavorable, it will directly transfer to Hunan, establish a new capital in Changsha, and use the land of Sanxiang, which is densely covered with water networks, to fight a protracted war with the Qing army. His "two-step" plan received warm responses from Jiangxi Governor Wanji. Wan Governor sent a letter to Emperor Longwu, talked about the importance of Ganzhou, and welcomed His Majesty the Emperor to move to Ganzhou with both hands and feet. Anti-clearing work. Emperor Longwu was not going to hesitate any longer. He left Fuzhou on December 16 and arrived at Jianning on the border of Jiangxi and Fujian on December 26. Emperor Longwu's intention of action was immediately noticed by a person. This person is Jin Shenghuan, commander of the Jiangxi Provincial Military Region of the Qing Dynasty (Jiangxi Admiral). Jin Shenghuan immediately reported this situation to Hong Chengchou, the highest chief executive in the southeast of the Qing Dynasty. After discussing with Boluo, Chief Hong, who believed it was of great importance, quickly dispatched Ke Yongsheng, Gao Jinku and other "pseudo-army troops" to Jiangxi to cooperate with Jin Shenghuan in fighting. Strive to get the whole territory of Jiangxi in one fell swoop before Emperor Longwu moves. On March 24, 1646, Jin Shenghuan and other troops conquered Ji'an, Jiangxi, and then marched towards southern Jiangxi together with Ke and Gao. Wanji, the governor of Jiangxi in the Longwu Dynasty, planned to defend Zaokou, but the grassroots soldiers had no fighting spirit and fled south one after another. The Qing army immediately took advantage of the situation. On June 8, a small number of vanguard troops of the Qing army had arrived at the city of Ganzhou. Thus, the last battle of the Longwu Dynasty-the defense of Ganzhou began. For this life-and-death battle, Emperor Longwu also carefully arranged and arranged it carefully. In terms of official arrangements, Emperor Longwu "airdropped" four provincial and ministerial "high-ranking cadres" to Ganzhou in one go. , the nearest command. In terms of troop strength, Emperor Longwu filled in all the troops that could be mobilized except for the original Jiangxi soldiers (led by Ganzhou guards Wu Zhifan and Zhang Guozuo).Three thousand soldiers from Yunnan (under the command of Zhao Yinxuan and Hu Yiqing), seven thousand soldiers from Guangdong and Guangxi (under the leadership of Tong Yizhen and Chen Ke), and two thousand soldiers from Hunan and Hunan (under the leadership of Hunan general Cao Zhijian) arrived in Ganzhou to participate in the battle. At that time, the total strength of the Ming army in Ganzhou reached more than 40,000. In order to boost everyone's morale, Emperor Longwu once again gave full play to his literary expertise and named Ganzhou the House of Loyalty (this was also the last time he used his expertise). In addition, in order to ensure that so many comrades from all corners of the country can think together and work together, Emperor Longwu also appointed a former commander-in-chief of the enemy——Wanji, the governor of Jiangxi. It was the first time that Commander Wan commanded so many soldiers and fought such a major battle, and he was really nervous and excited. He has never fought a war, but he seems to understand the truth of "haste makes waste".He asked all the troops to set up their camps, seize the time to rest, and then sat down quietly, waiting for a person to appear. This person is Luo Mingshou, the pirate leader who once "repaired" the government but now "cares" the government. In the hands of the pirate chief, there is now a "naval team" with a number of thousands. The desired effect of Commander Wan is that with the arrival of this "naval force", the Ming army will realize "multi-armed joint operations" and defeat the Qing army composed of "single arms" in one go. But Jin Shenghuan was not a "scarecrow". He would stay there foolishly and wait for the Ming army to gather before being stabbed.He sent people to scout the harbor where the "Da Ming Navy" was moored, and then organized a death squad on a dark and stormy night of one month. When they ran to the military port, they burned ships and chopped down anyone they saw. In the dark night, the "Da Ming Navy" without the cover of the army has almost become a melon to be slaughtered.Nearly two-thirds of the personnel and ships were lost. Later, thanks to Commander Wan's timely rescue of troops, the fate of the entire army was avoided. Comrade Luo Mingshou, who failed to save people but was rescued, had no choice but to lead the remnant soldiers away from this heartbroken place. The defeat of the "Daming Navy" caused a great loss of Commander Wan's prestige. Commanders from all walks of life were full of contempt and contempt for this former enemy commander who only talked on paper. At this moment, Jin Shenghuan became active, and took the opportunity to lead his troops to use the tactics of drilling one by one and defeating each one, first beating off the soldiers from Guangdong and Guangxi, and then killing the soldiers from Yunnan. After Jin Shenghuan won three battles in a row, the other commanders who reinforced the Ganzhou Prefecture saw that this "Brother Jin" was so fierce, and they all walked away. In one day, the Ming army only had more than 6,000 people in the city. After clearing the periphery, the Qing army began to fully surround Ganzhou City after September 19.After the city ran out of ammunition and food, on October 3, the whole army was dispatched to carry out the final siege operation. After a day and a half of intensive work, at noon on October 4, Ganzhou fell. After the city was broken, Wanji and Yang Tinglin both committed suicide by throwing themselves into the water. Before they died, they kowtowed to Fujian Fangju and expressed deep apology to Emperor Longwu for failing to complete the work smoothly. But they didn't know that their beloved Emperor Longwu could no longer receive their apology. Because this poor and unlucky emperor died in the line of duty in Changting, Fujian Province on August 27! When the Qing army entered Jiangxi, Emperor Longwu had a premonition that his idea of ​​finding He Tengjiao to join forces might fail. In order to ensure the safety of his own life, he sent an envoy to Changsha to order He Tengjiao to send 10,000 elite soldiers to "pick him up" in the Hudong area of ​​Jiangxi. Later, as the situation worsened, he sent the same call again. After being urged twice by Emperor Longwu, He Tengjiao sent Hao Yongzhong and Zhang Xianbi to lead more than 10,000 people to form the "Yingjia Army", which was divided into two groups, left and right, and set off from Changsha to Jiangxi. But when the two were on the road, He Tengjiao privately instructed them that the principle of this "welcome the army" operation is to go slowly and wait and see. He did this because he felt that being an independent "top leader" in Hunan is really enjoyable, and there is no need to find another useless superior to control him. For Hao and Zhang, who understood He Tengjiao's order, they moved forward at the speed of an old cow pulling a broken cart along the way. They set off from Changsha on May 17 and arrived in Chenzhou on September 2.After arriving in Chenzhou, on the grounds that there was a major "enemy situation" ahead, no matter how hard Emperor Longwu's envoys Yang Shouming and Lu Taiping clung to each other, they never moved forward. Emperor Longwu never saw "one soldier and one soldier" of this "welcoming army" until his death. Just when Emperor Longwu was looking forward to the arrival of the "Yingjia Army", he also used the "dead horse" as a "live horse" and arranged for Zheng Zhilong to send troops to guard Xianxiaguan, the gateway to Fujian. But Zheng Zhilong decided not to hang out with Emperor Longwu any longer. He used the name of pirates appearing along the coast of Fujian to urgently shrink his army, and withdrew the "Zheng Family Army" from Xianxiaguan to his old nest, Quanzhou, and Anping, and prepared to use this as a base to fight against the enemy. The Qing army bargained. The Qing army then crossed Xianxia Pass and entered Fujian without firing a knife or a shot. Due to Zheng Zhilong's large-scale contraction of the army, the Qing army that entered Fujian naturally had no battle to fight, and directly marched towards Emperor Longwu's line in "Yanping". The danger is approaching Emperor Longwu step by step. On August 21, Emperor Longwu, who felt that Yanping could no longer gain a foothold, drove westward, leading more than 500 Imperial Forest Army to prepare to rush to Ganzhou where the Ming army was heavily assembled. His purpose of doing this is very simple, that is to rush to the front line of Ganzhou, use his own name to boost morale, win the defense of Ganzhou, turn the tide of the battle, and revive the world. Emperor Longwu deserves to be a good emperor who "regards books as his life, lives to be old, and learns to be old". Even when the war was raging on the way, he still brought ten carts of books and read them while walking, enjoying himself. On August 26, a group of them arrived in Changting, Fujian, and stopped here that night. In the early morning of the next day, a large group of people in Ming army uniforms knocked on the gate of Tingzhou city, claiming to escort them. The gatekeepers were overjoyed, and hurriedly opened the city gate to welcome their relatives. As soon as the gates of the city were opened, the "Ming soldiers" who were welcomed into the city burned houses and chopped up anyone they saw. It turned out that these "Ming troops" were the "special forces" sent by the Qing general Li Chengdong to carry out the "beheading" operation. When these "special forces" rushed into Emperor Longwu's residence, Emperor Longwu was shocked when he heard the chaos and resisted with a knife. The "special forces" were not prepared to catch anyone alive, under a flurry of arrows, Emperor Longwu died before his death. At the same time, his queen Zeng and the prince who was less than a month old were also killed. The sudden death of Emperor Longwu marked the demise of the second official regime in Nanming, the Longwu regime. From its establishment to its demise, this regime only existed for more than one year and two months. Twenty-two days after the death of Emperor Longwu, the proud Boluo marched into Fuzhou, the "old capital" of the Longwu Dynasty, and lowered the last banner of the regime. Before ending this chapter, I try to make a small summary and explore why Lu Jianguo and Emperor Longwu were defeated and destroyed in a short period of time. In my opinion, there are four main reasons for this. First, both lack a "base area" that can maintain their development and growth. Although Emperor Longwu was recognized by the southern provinces except eastern Zhejiang, there was only one "base area" that could really obtain military and financial resources, and there was only one province in Fujian, and there was even less Lu Jianguo, and there was only one eastern Zhejiang region.The base area is small, and there are few sources of soldiers and financial resources that can be obtained, and there is also a lack of capital for further development and growth. 2. The "two skins" between the regime and the people. The base area is small, and in order to maintain a large-scale war, we have to increase the intensity of food collection, taxation and military conscription from the people on this "big palm base area". As a result, the living standards of the people here have declined even compared to the Chongzhen era . "Ideals are lofty, and bread is very important." It is indeed difficult for the vast majority of people in the "base areas" to tighten their belts and support the great cause of "ZTE" that cannot bring happiness to everyone. ! 3. Neither has an army that can be commanded independently. Both Zhu Yihai and Zhu Yujian came to power with the help of "the gun of the warlord". This means that the "di (emperor)" cannot command the "gun (warlord)", but the "gun" is acting on its own. "Emperor" pursues long-term goals, while "gun" pursues the protection of vested interests.The pursuit of the two is inconsistent, and the final result must be that they hate each other and part ways. More than three hundred years later, a great man once said: "Without a people's army, there is nothing for the people." Here it can be said: "Without an emperor's army, there is no emperor's everything." Fourth, neither of them have their own team. Comrades Zhu Yihai and Zhu Yujian were two idle "senior vagabonds" before they became emperors.Suddenly ascending to great treasure, there is no "cadre talent pool" and "hardcore buddy team" at all. Without these two kinds of people, on the one hand, it is impossible to make correct plans for how to save the current situation, and on the other hand, it is impossible to guarantee the specific implementation of some correct measures. . On this point, Comrade Zhu Yihai did better than Comrade Zhu Yujian.Because after all, the former is not out of society like the latter, and has a better understanding of the world, thus successfully winning over "iron buddies" like Zhang Mingzhen as bodyguards, so although he has a small territory and little influence, he has survived much longer than Zhu Yujian .我们在后面很长的一段时间内，还会看到他在“抗清”岗位上一直战斗的身影。 清军虽然把这两个“南明政权”打得一个逃，一个亡。但是，南明的历史却没有终结，在接下来的发展中，她还会有其不俗的表现！