Home Categories Chinese history The Lost Empire of the Tang and Song Dynasties 2 · Heroes Compete
The Lost Empire of the Tang and Song Dynasties 2 · Heroes Compete

The Lost Empire of the Tang and Song Dynasties 2 · Heroes Compete

奎文阁

  • Chinese history

    Category
  • 1970-01-01Published
  • 152755

    Completed
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Chapter 1 1. The Great Responsibility of the World

Emperor Xizong was relieved and went to the Paradise of Paradise.His younger brother was forced to take the leadership position of the Tang Empire.Although he was forced to be emperor, the process was no less dangerous than taking the initiative to seize power. Zhaozong's original name was Li Jie, but he changed his name to Li Min before he took the throne, and Li Ye after he took the throne.Strange, why did the emperor of the Tang Dynasty like to change his name?Yizong's real name was Li Wen, and he changed his name to Li Wei after he became the prince supervisor of the country; Xizong's real name was Li Yan, and he changed his name to Li Xuan after he became emperor; the seat changed, and the name also changed, Vientiane was renewed!It's so trendy!

Li Ye was the seventh son of Emperor Yizong, born to the same mother as Emperor Xizong Li Yan, and was five years younger than Li Yan.The relationship between Li Ye and Li Yan has always been very harmonious, very close, brotherly love.Li Yan loves Li Ye very much, and Li Ye is also very loyal to Li Yan.Li Ye became a high-ranking official at a young age, and was granted the title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi, Youzhou Metropolitan Governor, Youzhou Lulong and other military festivals, envoys to Xi Khitan, Guannei observation and disposal, and Shouwang.In fact, Li Ye has never been to the feudal town to take up his post. He holds the military power in the forbidden center, and has always been in the palace.This is the only person that Emperor Xizong can rely on during the panic-stricken and life-like ruling period, and the only person who can be his emotional sustenance in times of crisis and hardship.

Li Ye is very diligent in reading, good at literature, quick thinking, especially fond of Confucianism, often admires Confucian great sages, and strictly disciplines himself according to the standards of self-cultivation and career advocated by Confucianism. On the outside, there is a style of invulnerability. When Xi Zong Li Yan was dying, he hadn't seriously considered the successor of the imperial dynasty, which made the already restless court ministers even more at a loss and bewildered.At that time, Ji Wang Li Bao had the reputation of being virtuous, and most ministers had a good impression of him, and his voice was very high.Many people think that Li Baohui is the best successor.As for how virtuous Li Bao is, how famous he is, how solid the foundation of the masses is, and how little resistance he has to being vetoed, it is actually deeply doubtful, and it is not uncommon to have a lot of doubts.Because the element of packaging speculation is always an indispensable means in the turbulent court struggles, and there is basically no stable prince system in the late Tang Dynasty, so it is very urgent to temporarily recruit a prince to the new post of emperor. Maybe it all depends on how the civil and military ministers who manipulate power stand in line.There are only a few words in the history books that "Ji Wangbao was granted in the 13th year of Xiantong, and on August 9th of the first year of Wende, he was awarded the third division of Yitong and the Taifu of the school, and 300 households were still added to Shiyi". Bao's full life experience, others are hard to know.However, this Li Bao also has an advantage. He is older than the longevity king Li Ye and ranks high.Don't ignore this seemingly inconspicuous factor. Age is a particularly effective thing in Chinese society, and it has been tried and tested.Once the thorny issues such as house allocation, professional title promotion, promotion to cadres, and even going abroad for further study cannot be dealt with in the end, "age, working years, and teaching years" will often be announced in a high-profile manner, and the clamoring crowd will immediately be silenced.Because, only age cannot be surpassed, surpassed, and cannot be changed by working hard. The blame can only be blamed on myself for coming out of my mother's belly late.Seniority ranking is something that Chinese society has a long history and is as stable as Mount Tai. Everyone hates and everyone likes it.Since Li Bao had no flaws, and many people had high hopes for him, at this time, the ministers inside and outside were discussing, planning, manipulating, and eagerly trying to support Li Bao as the new emperor.However, the succession path of this seed player who seems to have superior qualifications in many aspects was blocked by one person, and it was completely blocked.The resistance of this person is far greater than the thrust of the courtiers, Chinese and military officials.This person is Yang Fugong, the envoy of the Sixth Army and the Twelve Guards.What kind of official is this Sixth Army and Twelve Guards Guanrong Envoy?If you roughly apply it, it is equivalent to the current general political commissar of the armed forces.And it is a real job, not an honorary title.

Yang Fuguang everyone still has the impression that he is the loyal military envoy who rescued Chang'an.Yang Fugong is Yang Fuguang's older brother. In fact, the two are not biological brothers, but a relative relationship between generations compared to blood relationship.The Tang Dynasty paid attention to the family background, and there were many rich and famous families who had high officials and positions, and controlled the power of the government and the opposition, forming a family power group with close connections, deep background, and luxuriant branches.After the mid-Tang Dynasty, the eunuch group developed rapidly in contrast to the imperial court, provincial and ministerial minister group dominated by wealthy and prominent families.Speaking of this, we need to explain the eunuch system in the Tang Dynasty.

According to the system of the Tang Dynasty, the eunuch management organization in the imperial palace is called the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the officials are set up as follows: four internal servants; six internal regular servants; six internal auditors; eight internal servants; people; Dianyin eighteen people; two eunuchs; six eunuchs.In addition, there are five specialized offices called "Five Bureaus", which are Ye Ting Bureau in charge of palace records, managing the roster, household registration, source, whereabouts, and placement of eunuchs and maids; Palace Bureau In charge of the gate control of the palace, manage the gate guards of the palace courtyards in the palace, hold the cover fans for the emperor and queen, and obey orders at any time; Death and burial affairs; the Internal Servant Bureau is in charge of the tents and candles in the palace, which is the management of the daily expenses of lighting, oil, salt;The heads of the five bureaus are all headed by eunuchs.

During the Zhenguan period, Tang Taizong Li Shimin made a rule that officials of the third rank and above were not allowed to be appointed in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the highest official of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was a fourth-rank official.For more than 70 years since then, eunuchs have never had the opportunity to intervene in politics. During Wu Zetian and Tang Zhongzong's period, the number of eunuchs began to increase, reaching more than 3,000. There were more than 1,000 eunuchs with ranks, large and small, but there were still very few senior officials of the fourth and fifth ranks.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong Li Longji of the Tang Dynasty, which lasted for more than fifty years, the old man greatly favored the eunuchs.Some eunuchs are very good at handling things. If they can handle things in line with the emperor's wishes, Li Longji will be a third-rank cadre for this eunuch who is good at handling errands.During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, the emperor owned Chang'an Danei Palace, Daming Palace, and Xingqing Palace. Inner Palace and Shangyang Palace, these places need court ladies and eunuchs to serve and serve, and their team size is already vast.The number of court ladies has reached 40,000, there are more than 3,000 eunuchs above the seventh rank, and more than a thousand eunuchs of the fourth and fifth ranks.However, there were no great eunuchs in this period. The so-called great eunuchs are eunuchs who are famous in the government and the public, have power in all directions, and can be worth ten thousand with one person.

Later, great eunuchs like Li Fuguo and Cheng Yuanzhen who would invite the emperor's favor with "high IQ and high EQ" appeared.These two people have achieved the ultimate in official titles, serving as three princes, granting titles to kings, and participating in state affairs and schemes. Their status is almost below one person and above ten thousand people.Although Li and Cheng are highly favored, they have not yet mastered military power, and the military is still a forbidden area for eunuchs. It was not until the Daizong period, during Guo Ziyi's Northern Expedition and the Pingan History Rebellion, that the precedent of eunuch Dianbing was opened.Due to the rebellion of the soldiers, the emperor was suspicious of the military commanders who led the army. Therefore, Emperor Daizong set up an envoy to observe the military appearance and comfort, and appointed the eunuch Yu Chaoen to take up this new position, with the purpose of monitoring the military officers in charge of the army.

In the Tang Dezong period, due to frequent military chaos, the emperor was even more distrustful of the military officers of the towns, especially the military officers around him.With such a mood, coupled with the instigation of treacherous ministers and bastards, Emperor Dezong first reformed the Shence, Tianwei and other troops in charge of the guard work.Two new lieutenants of the guard army and two members of the central guard army were newly established to be in charge of the forbidden soldiers. The eunuchs Dou Wenchang and Huo Xianming were the lieutenants of the two armies. The prosperous age of eunuchs has come.For more than 50 years, the power of eunuchs has permeated everywhere inside and outside the government and the public. They travel up and down, give and accept bribes, and eunuchs arbitrarily decide on major government affairs and important personnel appointments and dismissals. Internally, the emperor controls various political decision-making links, and externally serves as a military supervisor to directly supervise the size Fanzhen.There are as many as 4,618 eunuchs who have no achievements in size, but are high-ranking officials.Although occasionally some people rose up to fight against the eunuchs, trying to get rid of the eunuchs' abuses and restore the court, but they often hit the stone with an egg, not only failed, but ruined their families and died, and the entanglements were extensive.The eunuch group has become a late-stage cancer in the late Tang Dynasty. Malignant cells spread all over the body, spreading unstoppably. We can only watch it erode the already weak body day by day.

Some historians commented that the eunuch system has been around for a long time, and there is no question of whether it is good or bad. The key lies in whether the emperor is a wise master.A wise emperor would use eunuchs properly, and would not use eunuchs to interfere in government affairs. Naturally, eunuchs would not expand viciously, and the world would naturally not have so many troubles.In fact, this remark is very fallacious. It is a combination of the already deformed eunuch system and the capricious emperor's mind.We can see that throughout the development history of feudal society, the vicious expansion of eunuch power and poisoning of state affairs will occur in the late period of each dynasty. Even in the Qing Dynasty, which had the strictest management of eunuchs, the great eunuchs in the last period were all powerful.It is an abnormal phenomenon that the eunuch system does not cause disasters, and it is the normal result that disasters occur and add fuel to the fire while taking advantage of the chaos.

The wealthy group has built a relatively stable political power through blood ties, and the eunuch group, which rose to the top, learned this magic weapon from the wealthy group and carried it forward.In addition to relying on the emperor's favor to cut into the political system, the eunuch group also snowballed rapidly through non-blood nepotism.In the late Tang Dynasty, it was popular for eunuchs to adopt young eunuchs as adopted sons. After growing up (not a complete person, lacking something), the big eunuchs placed the adopted sons in various key positions in the central and local governments. This is a way for eunuchs to develop their power. A disguised but effective way.True children need to be born before they can reproduce, and their number is subject to the reproductive capacity of the wealthy family and the survival rate of their offspring.However, eunuchs have no such worries when adopting fake sons. They can neither bear children nor need to support them.You only need to choose those who are smart, hard-working, and healthy from the ready-made eunuchs. The objects that can be selected are really huge and full of vitality.Therefore, the eunuch's "fake son" has certain advantages over the wealthy "real son", especially in terms of breeding power and expanding business, the vigorous development is unstoppable.In this way, the eunuchs, who could have been extinct, have become more and more powerful through the reproduction and inheritance of the same surname and different species from generation to generation, so that they are so intertwined and difficult to shake. The civil official group, the eunuch group, the military group mainly composed of vassals, and the royal family formed the four major political forces in the political situation of the late Tang Dynasty. The Tang Empire was tossing and crumbling. The financial and human costs of the four major political forces' self-consumption and mutual struggle will eventually be passed on to the common people, mainly farmers.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty marked by the Anshi Rebellion, in order to solve the shortage of cost support, the imperial court unilaterally reformed the taxation system.In fact, the new system is a system of plundering and fishing.The wrong financial system directly led to the overwhelm of the national economy, the collapse of industries, the collapse of families, and the collapse of social units such as villages and cities, which eventually led to the collapse of the huge Tang Empire.After the collapse of the Tang Empire, five generations followed, and several governments were changed in turn, but none of them managed the world well.It's not that if the government is changed, the world will automatically return to normal.Because the contradictions of the four major groups have not been fundamentally resolved, although the form of the four major groups has greatly changed.The contradictions of the four major groups cannot be fundamentally resolved, and the contradictions faced by the disadvantaged and low-end civilians cannot be put on the agenda. If the contradictions faced by the civilians are not resolved, the world cannot be restored to normal, let alone historic development of. (Note: This is the result of my research on the direct cause of the Tang Dynasty's death, which is different from the mainstream view that takes the financial and taxation system as the starting point). Yang Fuguang and Yang Fugong are descendants of this kind of eunuch family with the same surname but different races.Tracking up, the two have the same eunuch great-grandfather.The chief eunuch of the Yang family was Yang Zhilian, a lieutenant of the Shence Army at the end of Zhenyuan.Yang Zhilian's adopted son, Yang Qinyi, was also a lieutenant of the Shence Army in the imperial court during the Dazhong period.Yang Qinyi has three adopted sons, namely Yang Xuanyi, Yang Xuanjia and Yang Xuanshi.Yang Fuguang's eunuch father was Yang Xuanjia, and Yang Fugong's eunuch father was Yang Xuanyi.Yang Xuanyi was in charge of the Privy Council in the Xiantong Dynasty and held an important position.Therefore, Yang Fuguang and Yang Fugong are eunuch cousins.Yang Fugong was fond of reading since he was a child. He was well versed in the rise and fall of ancient and modern times.After Yang Xuanyi's death, Yang Fugong succeeded his eunuch father as a Privy Envoy. Although eunuchs are a large group, there are several different factions within this large group, each with its own origin and family background.During Emperor Xizong's tenure, Tian Lingzi was in the limelight and was in full swing.When encountering major national affairs, Yang Fugong often had disputes with Tian Lingzi, and finally offended Tian Lingzi who was at his peak.Annoyed and angry, Tian Lingzi instigated Xizong Li Yan to demote Yang Fugong in Sichuan, and transferred him from the central center to serve as Feilong envoy.At this time, Yang Fuguang in Yongbing River was dead.Yang Fugong was quite knowledgeable, so he didn't fight Tian Lingzi any longer, saying that he was sick and relegated to the second line. After Emperor Xizong fled back to Chang'an for the first time, Tian Lingzi fell out with Wang Chongrong and met each other in battle.Tian Lingzi ran into a catastrophe and fled to Sichuan again, dragging the emperor stumbling all the way.Emperor Xizong began to be dissatisfied with Tian Lingzi, and re-appointed Yang Fugong as the privy envoy.Due to the shaking of the country's foundation, the emperor went into exile, and the people inside and outside were indignant, and there were many people who attacked Tian Lingzi under various pretexts.Tian Lingzi was in a passive situation, worried that he would be thrown out by the emperor as a scapegoat, so he planned to find a way to retreat.Tian Lingzi took the initiative to ask to be the military supervisor of Xichuan, but in fact he went to seek refuge with Xichuan Jiedu envoy and Taishi Chen Jingxuan, and recommended Yang Fugong as the lieutenant of the Shence Army.The reason why Tian Lingzi recommended Yang Fugong to replace him was because he was playing a set of tricks. He used this to sell his favor to Yang Fugong in order to leave a way behind him.Why do people only think of leaving a way out when they are desperate?It can be said that Yang Fugong played an important mediating role in the reason why Emperor Xizong was able to return to Chang'an smoothly for the second time.Therefore, after returning to Chang'an, Emperor Xizong Li Yan granted Yang Fugong the post of military envoy of the Sixth Army and Twelve Guards, and Wei Guogong. Yang Fugong replaced Tian Lingzi as the leader of the new generation of eunuchs. Therefore, Yang Fugong blocked Ji Wang Li Bao's way to the sky with one hand. Because, Yang Fugong is qualified. It is also because Yang Fugong has strength. It was more because Yang Fugong had selfish intentions. Supporting a new monarch is a profitable business, and it has been confirmed by many senior eunuchs of Yang Fugong.As long as he establishes support, Yang Fugong's status will be further improved.At that time, Yang Fugong will look down on the world, and no one will dare to go against him.This is a huge temptation, whether it is a eunuch or not, it is difficult to refuse, endure, shrink back and give up. Under Yang Fugong's single-handed planning, history once again staged the scene of the eunuch establishing the king.On the sixth day of March in the first year of Emperor Xizong's Wende (888 A.D.), Emperor Xizong lay on the sickbed panting weakly, his eyes glazed over, unable to think or express, and could only wait, waiting for death that no one could avoid.Yang Fugong no longer had to ask Emperor Xizong for instructions, he directly drafted the imperial edict for the emperor, announcing Lishou Wang Li Jie as the emperor's younger brother and changing his name to Li Min.On the eighth day of the lunar new year, there was a solar eclipse, and the half-less sun shone dizzily on the earth.Emperor Xizong died on this day, and King Shou ascended the throne in front of Emperor Xizong's coffin.After becoming emperor, Li Jie changed his name to Li Ye again.Li Jie, the unpopular longevity king, made his debut and became the new emperor of the Tang Empire. He was Zhaozong at the age of twenty-two.
After Emperor Zhaozong ascended the throne, he really did not treat Yang Fugong badly. He was promoted to a noble, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, General Jinwu, and specially banned soldiers.So far, all the military power in the capital has been controlled by Yang Fugong. Zhaozong who came to the throne at the age of 22 seems to be different from Xizong who came to the throne at the age of 12. Zhaozong Li Ye felt that his elder brother Xizong Li Yan was too useless, too decadent and too irresponsible. Emperor Zhaozong and Li Ye wanted to throw off their arms and do a big job.
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