Chapter 45 Table 3: Memorabilia of the Founding of the United States

In October 1765, at the initiative of Massachusetts, the "Anti-Stamp Act Conference" was held in New York, and nine colonies sent representatives to attend.The General Assembly accepted Virginia's view that "no taxation without representation", passed the "Declaration of Rights and Inequality", and produced the concept of "American Nation". On March 5, 1770, in Boston, Massachusetts, British troops opened fire on protesters, known to history as the "Boston Massacre." Protesters dump tea from a British East India Company ship into the sea in Boston, Massachusetts, on the night of December 16, 1773.

On September 5, 1774, 55 representatives from 13 colonies (the Georgia representative was prevented from attending by the Governor) held the first "Continental Congress" in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and passed the "Declaration of Rights", announcing that the colonial people had "survival rights". , liberty and property rights". On April 19, 1775, the Revolutionary War began in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. On May 10, 1775, the second "Continental Congress" was held in Philadelphia, and George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

On June 7, 1776, the second "Continental Congress" accepted Charles Henry Lee's view of "13 colonies being independent and free", and appointed John Yamas (Massachusetts), Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania), Thomas Jefferson (Virginia), Robert Livingston (New York), and Roger Sherman (Connecticut) form committee to draft Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was passed.Later, this day was designated as the founding day of the United States. On November 15, 1777, the second "Continental Congress" passed the "Articles of Confederation and Permanent Union" (referred to as the "Articles of Confederation"), announcing that the 13 colonies would be permanently united as the "United States of America."

On October 17, 1781, British troops surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the Revolutionary War. On September 3, 1783, Britain and the United States signed the "Paris Peace Treaty", and Britain recognized the independence of the United States. From May 25 to September 17, 1787, the Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia to formulate the Federal Constitution. On December 7, 1787, the Federal Constitution was first ratified in Delaware. On July 2, 1788, the Federal Constitution came into force. On September 25, 1789, the Federal Parliament passed 12 "Constitutional Amendments".

On December 15, 1791, 10 of the 12 "Constitutional Amendments," known as the Civil Rights Bill, went into effect.The most important of these is the first, the "First Amendment to the Constitution."It stipulates that the Federal Parliament shall not legislate to establish religion or prohibit freedom of religious belief, shall not legislate to deprive freedom of speech and press, and shall not legislate to deprive people of the right to peacefully assemble, petition the government, express grievances, and seek grievances.