Chapter 15 Three, cut two
Why do humans have business?Because it needs to be exchanged.Why can there be business?Because it is negotiable.Therefore, a real commodity economy must be based on public buying and selling, equality and mutual benefit, and free transactions and negotiable prices.This must be independent.Independence is equality, and equality is freedom.
Who has to be independent?From where?
Every individual is independent from the clan blood organization.
Why independent?Is there inequality within the clan?equality.But this equality is unreliable, because each member cannot exist independently of the organization.The vast majority of primitive peoples either have totems or tattoos, just to ensure that they live safely under the wings of the clan.
This is actually a "personal dependency relationship".Therefore, when the clan changes from a tribe to a country, the people will change from "attachment to the organization" to "attachment to the individual".At first it was attached to the chief, and then to the king.That's how the monarchy was born.
Obviously, it is necessary to make a clean break with all objects of attachment.
And the first to bear the brunt is the clan organization.
This requires a "knife".
The knife is the opportunity.Other ancient peoples who had no chance, all moved towards monarchy.Only the Greeks, and later the Romans, were exceptions.
Unlike the Chinese peasants who went to the city to go to the market, the commercial trade of the Greeks was specialized and long-distance, and it also crossed clans, regions, and even borders.They are likely to go to North Africa, Sicily, and Asia Minor to bargain with strangers.This puts forward three requirements: first, clear property rights; second, independence; third, the use of currency.That is to say, they must be independent civil responsible persons and have the right to buy and sell commodities, dispose of property, and determine prices on their own initiative.In fact, in the era when there were no telegraphs, telephones, and Yimeier, merchants who traveled across the ocean were required to report to the clan and tribe for every transaction, which is simply ridiculous!
What's more, they are likely to marry wives and have children in foreign countries, settle down and never return.
Well, we split up.
Separation is not "household production contract".There are no households, and the property is allocated to individuals.This is the most thorough private ownership in history-property belongs to each individual and is sacrosanct.
Greeks, economically independent.
The result of economic independence is independence of personality; the result of independence of personality is freedom of will.In fact, as long as a person does not have to rely on other people's charity and gifts to live, he does not have to look at other people's eyes and be at the mercy of others.Similarly, if he can freely dispose of his own property, he can also freely dispose of his own everything, including disposing of his own body, disposing of his mind, disposing of his speech, disposing of his political and social attitudes.For example, you can have sex with whoever you fall in love with, vote for whoever you support, become a fan of whoever you like, and call someone a bloody head if you disagree.
On the contrary, if "the whole world is the land of the king", no one has complete property rights, no property that is completely his own, and he must be "on the shore of the land, is the king's subject", no one is independent, and no one is free.Even the Son of Heaven had to bow down to the Emperor of Heaven.
Independent personality, free will, how important it is!
The core and essence of Greek civilization is here.Yes, due to the three explosive packages of sailing, colonization and business, the clan blood organization, the personal attachment relationship, and all the advantages and disadvantages of prehistoric civilization were blown to pieces.Greeks, directly from nation to citizen.
Goodbye parents, we will be equal from now on, and we will take care of each other from now on.
Notes:
Notes: