Chapter 14 Chapter Thirteen Insults and Threats Are Fighting

"Sun Tzu's Art of War: Seeking Attacks" says: "Soldiers who subdue others without fighting are the ones who are good." Insulting and intimidation can be used as psychological warfare methods for military confrontation and political struggle. There are many figures in the Three Kingdoms. There are masters.Certain insults and intimidation are not premeditated, but can also be militant whenever they arise from hostilities. In the second half of the 93rd chapter, it is written that "the Marquis of Wuxiang scolded Wang Lang to death". There is no such thing in the history of the Three Kingdoms, and it was invented by Luo Guanzhong.Wang Lang, whose name is Jingxing, was born in Tan (now Shengxian, Zhejiang) in the East China Sea. Before he surrendered to Cao Cao, he was the prefect of Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang).During his tenure as Sikong, he, Situ Huaxin, Shangshu Ling Chen Qun, Taishi Ling Xu Zhi, Yezhe Pushe Zhugezhang and others all wrote letters to Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, urging him to judge the situation and obey the destiny. Follow the hearts of the people, take the land of Shu and surrender to Wei.Zhuge Liang remained unmoved, and wrote an article "Zhengyi" to refute the reasons for persuading surrender, expressing his belief in defeating the strong with the weak and unifying the world.These things are recorded in "Zhuge Liang Ji", and the annotations of Pei Songzhi, the original biography of "Three Kingdoms", are quoted in detail to preserve loyalty.After that, Wang Lang died of illness in Luoyang in the second year of Taihe (228). He never participated in the war against Shu during his lifetime, and he never scolded Zhuge Liang in front of the two armies.Luo Guanzhong only wanted to persuade Zhuge Liang to surrender, so he transferred Wang Lang to Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, and asked him to be the military advisor of Cao Zhen, the commander of the Wei army. He was ashamed and angry with scolding, and fell under the horse and died.Literature is not equal to history, Luo Guanzhong's fiction is not only not surprising, but also vivid and readable, leaving a deep impression on people.It can also be seen from this that insults are like a psychological warfare method, which can produce strange effects.

The first chapter of "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Jian Pian", has already emphasized that "soldiers are deceitful", pointing out that one of the five essentials of "general" lies in wise tactics.The third chapter "Scheming Attack" also said: "Subduing the enemy's army without fighting is the one who is good." Destroying a country is not for a long time, and it must be fought for all in the world, so the army can be full without stopping, and this is the method of attack." Although there is no direct list of "deceitful ways" in these words, it is like Zhuge Liang scolded Wang Lang's insults to death, which is clearly in line with the saying "a soldier who surrenders without fighting", and can be called a "method of plotting an attack".In fact, in ancient and modern military confrontations and political struggles at home and abroad, not only insults, but also intimidation have often become a concrete choice for psychological warfare.During the period, there were also some sudden insults and intimidations. Although they did not touch the side of "conspiracy to attack", as long as they were caused by military or political hostilities, they could also see people and things, highlighting the color of fighting.In this regard, there are many masters and good examples of the characters in the Three Kingdoms, which are worthy of careful consideration by future generations.

Among the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", there is Chen Lin, who is good at writing Zhang Biao secretary. Cao Pi's "Book with Wu Zhishu" commented on his "Zhang Biao is very healthy, slightly prosperous".Before the Battle of Guandu, he served as an aide under Yuan Shao's command, and Yuan Shao ordered him to write an appeal against Cao Cao.This article was titled "For Yuan Shao Yuzhou" by later generations, and it was included in the forty-fourth volume of "Selected Works". World.As far as the nature of the call is concerned, it must be an article of obedience, which belongs to professional behavior, not a personal patent.But just as Zhang Pu, a man of the Ming Dynasty, said in "Han, Wei and Six Dynasties One Hundred and Three Family Collections Chen Jishi Collection Inscription", Chen Lin "slandered Yuan Benchu's drafts, sincerely underestimated him, and angered him, and his words were like rivers and rivers. ", "There will be those who are good at scolding in later generations, and they are all inferior."His "good at scolding" is manifested in that, starting from Cao Cao's grandfather Cao Teng, he called him "with Zuo Jin and Xu Huang (eunuchs who were good at power in the late Han Dynasty, Zuo called "Zuo Huitian" and Xu called "Xu Crouching Tiger"), and wrote The evildoers, gluttonous gluttonous, hurt and abuse the people."The second time he scolded Cao Song, "the beggar took care of him, and because of the stolen goods, he pretended to be a position, and he bought gold and chariots, transported goods to wealthy families, stole tripods, and overturned heavy weapons."Then he scolded Cao Cao, referring to him as "an eunuch who is ugly, has no virtue at all, is cunning and co-operating, and likes to be chaotic and happy."In this way, the three generations were investigated, the three generations were scolded, and after doing their best to humiliate the personality, they were eloquent, true and false, or exaggerated, and unlimited;Its purpose is to give Cao Cao a political characterization: "The history and records show that a minister without morality is greedy and cruel, especially in Cao Cao."In this way, he "announced to the world", followed Yuan Shao to raise troops to fight against thieves, and established "extraordinary achievements".To borrow today's words, this proclamation known as "swearing" is actually the list of crimes, denunciations and mobilization orders publicly released by Yuan Shao Group before the Battle of Guandu. Psychologically push Cao Cao to a corner first.

According to the "Dianlue" quoted in Pei's annotation, when this essay was passed to Cao Cao, his old problem of headache and pain happened to happen, and he read it while lying on the sick bed.After reading it, he stood up and said excitedly: "This will heal my illness!" Although this psychological effect was exactly the opposite of Yuan Shao's expectation, the scolding of the essay stimulated Cao Cao's psychology so much that people can't imagine.Later, in the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, and then occupied Jizhou, and Chen Lin surrendered to Cao Cao.Cao Cao said to Chen Lin: "Qing used to transfer the book for the original, but the crime can only be blamed alone, and the evil is limited to himself. Why should he be evil to his father and ancestors?" Chen Lin quickly apologized.Fortunately, Cao Cao, a politician, has a magnanimous side. He "loves his talents and does not blame him."Regarding the cause and effect of this "swearing", Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasty commented in "Wen Xin Diao Long Xi Yi": "Chen Lin's call to Yuzhou is strong and boney. Falsifying the abuse, but resisting the provocation of the dictionaries, it is blatantly explicit.

Dare to beat Cao Gongzhi's front, fortunately avoid Yuan Dang's slaughter! "If it turns into insulting Yuan Shao, Chen Lin will not only die, but will also cause disaster to the three clans. Coincidentally, half a century later, Zhendong general Guan Qiujian and Yangzhou governor Wenqin raised troops to rebel against Sima, and also used insulting methods.In the first month of the second year of Zhengyuan (255), there was a comet tens of feet long, starting at the point of Wu and Chu, and crossing the night sky in the northwest direction.Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin "thought they were auspicious", "then corrected the Queen Mother's edict, accused the general Sima Jingwang, moved to the counties and states, and raised troops to rebel."In the imitated Queen Mother's edict, they enumerated 11 major crimes committed by Sima Shi, and there was no shortage of bad words.For example, the first crime is "serving in the prime of life, taking care of the sick without illness, sitting on a strong army, and lacking the courtesy of ministers", the second crime is "being disloyal to the minister, and being unfilial to the son", the fourth crime is "the power is free, and there is no leader", and the fifth crime "There is no king's heart", the sixth crime is "disregarding righteousness", and the eighth crime is "disobedience to the law". Repeatedly aggravated.Disloyalty and filial piety are like beasts, and they are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in feudal society. Although Sima Shi has not been explicitly pointed out that Sima Shi is like beasts, women and children know the reason, which means they have already said it.When it comes to the eleventh crime, politics and morality are involved in physiology. It is cruel enough to catch Sima Shixin who has a tumor in his eye that has not healed, and scold him as "the sky does not grow (encourages) evil, so that the eye will not swell."Its intention is still similar to Yuan Shao's ordering Chen Lincao to scold Cao in the past, which is to scold Sima Shi in multiple dimensions, so as to widely generate public opinion, so that he can get the approval of generals, officials and people psychologically as much as possible. Respond, and put the other party at a psychological disadvantage and a disadvantage in public opinion.This "conspiracy to attack" was partially effective for a time, and Mu Qiujian and Wenqin were able to "coerce the Huainan generals guarding the Zhubie villages, and all the officials and people, big and small, entered Shouchun City (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) as an altar in the west of the city. The blood is called the soldiers and the alliance", with 50,000 to 60,000 people planting flags and separatist regimes at one time and one place.On the other hand, Sima Shi also suffered a certain amount of psychological pressure, worried that there were many opponents inside and outside the court, and if he was defeated by troops, it would be difficult to deal with it.After hesitating again and again, all parties decided to send troops to conquer Huainan in person, and put down the rebellion with the final result that his mother Qiu Jian was killed and Wen Qin fled to Soochow.

Cao Cao also scolded Liu Bei.In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Liu Bei led his army to attack Hanzhong, and Yangping (northwest of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province today) killed Cao Jun's general Xia Houyuan in the first battle.Cao Cao was furious when he heard the news, and personally led his army into Hanzhong, and went straight to Yangping Pass to fight Liu Bei.Liu Bei was stationed on the top of the mountain, relying on the steep terrain and fortified barriers, he refused to fight Cao Cao to the death.Liu Bei occasionally teased him by sending his adopted son, General Liu Feng, who was the deputy army commander at the time, to challenge him, but none of the important generals came out of the camp.Cao Cao was so angry that he yelled loudly: "Selling shoes and sheds, the chief will make the fake son reject your father-in-law? Call me Huang Xu and order me to strike him!" The so-called "Huang Xu" refers to his fourth son Cao Zhang.Cao Zhang is different from his elder brothers Cao Pi and Cao Zhiya who are good at literature, "seldom good at archery, strong in physical strength, fierce in hand, and not avoiding danger", he has always used Wei Qing and Huo Qubing as examples.The year before (218), Wuhuan rebelled in Daijun. North of Cao Zhang, with the title of Zhonglang General, he acted as General Xiaoqi and led his troops to march north. All directions were broken, and the north was flat.Cao Cao summoned Cao Zhang, who had returned in triumph, in Chang'an. Cao Zhang did not cut his own merits, and all the credit went to the generals.Because Cao Zhang's beard and hair are slightly yellow, Cao Cao held his yellow beard and praised: "The yellow beard is so amazing!" Now the "yellow beard" is brought up, just to stimulate Liu Bei psychologically and urge him to be more handsome before Cao Zhang arrives. decisive battle.Little do they know that calling Liu Bei's "grandfather" (self-proclaimed "Ru Gong" is like calling Liu Bei's "grandson") was called "Selling Lu Sheer", just like Xiang Yu scolded Liu Bang 400 years ago, inheriting the "Grandfather's style" Liu Bei's psychological endurance is extremely strong, he is determined not to be fooled, and insists on not fighting.From March to May, Cao Cao was mentally exhausted and determined to withdraw his troops and return to the north.It was against this background that he spread the slogan of "chicken ribs", which caused Yang Xiu to be smart and pack up his luggage first, which caused his death.It is very possible that Cao Cao's uneasy mood at that time was also an accidental factor in killing Yang Xiu.

In the same year, Pang De scolded Guan Yu, which was another situation.Pound was originally a brave general under the command of Ma Teng and Ma Chao in Xiliang. In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), he fled to Hanzhong with Ma Chao and attached himself to Zhang Lu; in the 20th year (215), Cao Cao entered Hanzhong and surrendered Zhang Lu. Return with the crowd.Cao Cao had always heard of Pang De's bravery, so he worshiped him as General Liyi and granted him the title of Marquis of Guanmen Ting.In the twenty-fourth year (219), Guan Yu attacked Xiangfan, and Pang De led his troops to join the battle and stationed in the south of Fancheng.His cousin Pang Rou was in Shu, and the generals in Fancheng were quite suspicious. He expressed his attitude and said: "I have received the grace of the country, and my righteousness is to die. I want to kill myself. If I don't kill Yu this year, Yu will kill me. In the confrontation with Guan Yu on the battlefield, Pang De shot an arrow and wounded Guan Yu's forehead.He often rides a white horse, "the Yujun calls him 'General White Horse', and everyone is afraid of him."Cao Ren, the general of Cao Jun, sent him to garrison ten li in Fanbei. It happened that it had been raining for more than ten days, and the Han River overflowed violently, and the water depth on the flat ground was five or six feet deep, causing the seven armies to be flooded.Guan Yu led the water army to attack by boat, and shot random arrows on the embankment from all sides. Pang De was armed with a bow and fought hard.He encouraged the soldiers: "I heard that good generals are not afraid to die so that they can survive, and martyrs do not destroy their integrity to survive. Today is the day I die!" He wanted to defect to Cao Ren.Unfortunately, the boat capsized and was captured, standing on his own without kneeling.Guan Yu said to him: "Brother Qing is in Hanzhong. I want to take Qing as a general. Why don't you surrender sooner?" Vibrating the world, you Liu Bei are mediocre, how can you fight against evil? I would rather be a ghost of the country than a thief general!" In the end, he was unyielding and killed, which was in stark contrast to the general of the Seventh Army who knelt down and begged for surrender.At that time, cursing had become his only available weapon, and he used this weapon to launch the final struggle heroically until he was killed.There is no premeditation, but the righteousness is awe-inspiring, and the noble spirit will last forever.

Wu Zhi's scolding was not premeditated, and the essence highlighted from it cannot be compared with Pound's scolding determination.Wu Zhi was one of the mainstream literati in the Jian'an period, and won the love of Cao Pi and the princes with his talents and knowledge.He placed his political bets on Cao Pi, advised Cao Pi to repair Yang Xiu, his deadly enemy, and sent Cao Cao to go to war to cry alone to win his love. Cao Pi regarded him as the number one confidant, and wrote many letters with love. And flourishing.As soon as Cao Pi ascended the throne of the emperor, he made an exception and promoted him to be the general of Beizhong Lang and general Zhenwei.In the fifth year of Huangchu (224), Wu Zhi came to Beijing to meet with him from Rensuo. Cao Pi made an exception and ordered the generals and officials below Tejin to gather at Wu Zhi's residence, and allocated special funds to set up banquets.When the wine was hot, Wu Zhi wanted to have fun. Aiming at the fatness of the general Cao Zhen and the thin body of Zhu Shuo, the leader of the Central Committee, he deliberately summoned Changyou to perform on the spot to talk about fatness and thinness.Relying on being Cao's own relative and his official position, Cao Zhen asked Wu Zhi angrily: "Qing wants to meet me with a trilogy?" General Cao Hong of Hussars and General Wang Zhong of Qingche who were present also criticized Wu Zhi. Taking advantage of the situation, he drew his sword and glared, saying, "If you dare to take it lightly, I will kill you", and began to curse.How could Wu Zhi be so soft, he scolded immediately: "Cao Zidan, how much meat do you have to slaughter? Wu Zhi doesn't shake his throat when he swallows, and he doesn't shake his teeth when he chews, how dare he be arrogant and evil?" Zhu Shuo really looked at it. However, he got up and said, "Your Majesty sent us to Leqinger, so that this evil?" Wu Zhi turned around and scolded him, "Zhu Shuo, dare to sit down!" The sword cut the ground, and everyone broke up unhappy.During this period, Wu Zhi was even more arrogant than Cao Zhen, and he used harsh words to hurt others. Even Cao Zhen, who was a relative of the emperor and a higher official than him, did not pay attention to him.Through such a special battle among the powerful and high-ranking officials, people can see to what extent a non-literate person like Wu Zhi will go wild once he has the power of the "highest" person as an iceberg.However, it is such a bandit who can firmly favor the supreme under the protection of the autocratic emperor. Isn't it worth pondering for future generations?

The prestige shown by Wu Zhi's abuse of Cao Zhen clearly contained elements of intimidation.Insults are not necessarily intimidation, and intimidation does not necessarily have to use insults. Dong Zhuo, the first warlord in the Three Kingdoms period, was accustomed to using a variety of methods to intimidate civil and military officials to achieve specific political goals.In the first year of Chuping (190), the Kwantung princes joined forces to challenge Dong Zhuo. He planned to abandon Luoyang and move his capital to Chang'an.Situ Yang Biao issued a dissuading opinion on the grounds that "moving the capital and reforming the system, major events in the world should be based on the people's wishes, and should be appropriate at any time", Dong Zhuo immediately reprimanded with a blushing face: "Mr. What is the meaning of the palace and the government?

The common people, the common people, are safe and secure?If there is a front, I will drive it away with a large army, how can I be at ease! This speech with a gun and a stick frightened all the ministers and officials present. Taiwei Huang Wan carefully begged Dong Zhuo to "rethink", and he immediately "stop sitting" and walked away; and ordered Sili on the same day Officials participated in Yang Biao and Huang Wan's resignation, and no one dared to dissuade them. After moving the capital to Chang'an as he wished, Dong Zhuo built Heiwu and summoned all civil and military officials. Suddenly, an order was sent to bring out hundreds of captives from the North to "cut off their tongues while sitting, or cut off their hands and feet, or gouged out their eyes, or if they were not dead, they would turn around and fall in the cup table." Such vicious killings for fun are actually deterrents and warnings to everyone, until "all the attendees trembled and lost their daggers and chopsticks", while Dong Zhuo himself ate and drank freely. In the hands of Dong Zhuo who abused power and abused power, intimidation is not only a battle A sharp weapon is also a strategy to control people. No matter how the pattern changes, there is always only one political goal to achieve, which is to psychologically destroy the person to be dealt with, and oppress them to obey themselves submissively, so that they can do whatever they want , perversely.

Lv Bu, who had been Dong Zhuo's "adopted son" and rebelled against Dong Zhuo because of his affair with Dong Zhuo's maidservant, and killed Dong Zhuo, also used his strength to intimidate others.In the second year of Jian'an (197), the capricious Lv Buxian was defeated by Cao Cao and fled to Xuzhou to join Liu Bei.Soon, Yuan Shu attacked Liu Bei and promised to give him 200,000 hu of military rations. While Liu Bei was leading the army outside, he attacked Xiapi secretly, caught Zhang Fei by surprise, and captured Liu Bei's wife and children.Yuan Shu used Lv Bu's failure to capture Liu Bei as an excuse and refused to honor the promised military rations. Lv Bu was so annoyed that he welcomed Liu Bei back and "sent him to Xiaopei", calling himself Xuzhou Mu.Yuan Shu sent General Ji Ling to lead 30,000 cavalry to attack Liu Bei. Liu Bei asked Lu Bu for help, and Lu Bu took 1,000 infantry and 200 cavalry to Xiaopei to mediate.Although Lü Bu had few soldiers, he was known as a "flying general" for a long time. As soon as Ji Ling heard that he had come, he immediately "conquered his troops and dared not attack again".Lu Bu settled down outside Xiaopei City, invited both Ji Ling and Liu Bei to his barracks, and hosted a banquet to encourage them to "meet each other and laugh away all grievances and enmities".Lu Bu said to Ji Ling: "Xuande, brother Bu. My brother was trapped by the lords, so I came to save him. Bu Xing doesn't like to fight together, but he likes to solve the fight." Just the halberd, and said, "Everyone watch the cloth and shoot the small branch of the halberd. If you hit the shot, you should release it. If you don't hit it, you can stay for a duel." , He repeatedly praised "General Tianwei".The next day, the two parties in the conflict were invited to meet again, and then they went on strike.This story of "Shooting a Halberd at the Yuanmen" is soft and calm on the surface, but it is full of threats in its bones.One is that Lu Bu used to be called a "flying general", two was that Lu Bu showed his "heavenly power" in public, and the third was that he was in Lu Bu's barracks. If Ji Ling was shameless, there would be no good fruit to eat, so he had to force his smile, Lead the army back.In a certain sense, this can also be called "a soldier who surrenders without fighting."Lu Bu's intimidating techniques and effects were not uncommon no matter in ancient or modern China and abroad. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Cao Cao personally led the army to the south, took Jingzhou lightly, peeped at Jiangdong, and launched a psychological war against Sun Quanxian, and sent someone to send a threatening letter.At that time, Cao Cao was 53 years old, and he was invincible all over the Central Plains. He didn't pay attention to the 26-year-old Sun Quan boy. He thought that he would be like Liu Cong.In his letter, he wrote, "Those who are close to him will be punished with words, and Liu Cong will put his hand away. There are 800,000 sailors in Jinzhi, and Fang and the general will hunt in Wu." Gorgeous diplomatic language, every sentence contains deterrence strength.The so-called "observing words to punish crimes" shows the majestic banner of "observing the emperor's orders and not ministers", which clearly means that Sun Quan can only follow the law of "Liu Cong's hands-off" as a way out.Although it is an exaggeration to say that there are "800,000 people", there are about 300,000 horses, which are indeed much stronger than the tens of thousands of horses that Soochow could mobilize at that time. "Hunting" Yunyun hides the allusions of the dynasty that Liu Bang captured Han Xin in one fell swoop under the guise of hunting Yunmeng 400 years ago. The lessons of history will never be forgotten by each other.So as soon as this threatening letter arrived, Sun Quan "showed all his ministers that they would be shocked and pale", which once caused a strong psychological earthquake among the senior leaders of the Sun Quan Group.Even Zhang Zhao, the "elder of the three dynasties" of the Sun family and Gu Ming's important ministers, persuaded Sun Quan to bow his knees and "welcome him", and many other ministers also "surrendered", which made Sun Quan hesitant and disappointed.If it weren't for Lu Su's independent resistance against the crowd, his opposition to surrender, and his suggestion to Sun Quan to recall Zhou Yu to make a big plan, I really don't know what this period of history would be like.This kind of psychological warfare with intimidation as the core content can have a certain effect, so Cao Cao wanted to use it back then, and Chinese and foreign descendants under a hundred generations couldn't put it down. The battle of Sima Shi and Sima Zhao brothers to pacify Huainan in the later period of the Three Kingdoms is a successful example of the successful use of intimidation and psychological warfare to assist military operations to defeat the enemy.First, in the second year of Zhengyuan (255), Qiu Jian, the general mother of Wei Jiang Zhendong, and Wenqin, the governor of Yangzhou, rebelled. The strategic suggestion of "unifying Chinese and foreign armies to discuss it".At that time, Mu Qiujian led his troops to guard Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and Wen Qin led his troops to serve as rangers, with a total of 50,000 to 60,000 people.Sima Division personally sat in Ruyang (now Runan, Henan) to command the main force, and sent the supervisor Wang Ji to lead the forward troops, "according to Nanton and waiting for them".At the same time, Zhuge Dan, the general of Zhennan, was ordered to lead the armies of Yuzhou, and marched towards Shouchun from the north; Between Shandong, Anhui, and Jiangsu bordering areas), there is no way back.”In this way, the superior force at least three or four times that of the rebels formed a situation of encirclement, but he "made all the armies stand firm and not fight."The mothers, Qiu Jian and Wen Qin, were psychologically disturbed because they "wouldn't be able to fight when they entered, and they couldn't return because they were afraid of Shouchun's attack when they retreated. The hometowns of Huainan soldiers are mostly in the north. Faced with the encirclement situation of superior forces, they are particularly fearful, which leads to "the hearts of the people are scattered, and those who surrender belong to each other." Work hard.This is a psychological intimidation formed by the combination of military strength and military strategy, which partially plays the role of defeating the enemy without fighting, and its effectiveness is no less than 30,000 to 50,000 soldiers. Sima Division then took the second step, dispatching Deng Ai, the governor of Yanzhou at that time, to lead more than 10,000 people from the Taishan army to advance and challenge, "showing weakness" to lure the enemy, while he led the main force to follow up quickly.Wen Qin fell into the trick and attacked Deng Ai at night. Tianming realized that heavy troops were covering up, so he fled quickly and went to Soochow to save his life.On the same day, Qiu Jian, the mother of the day, "learned that Qin was defeated in battle, and walked away at night in fear." On the way, she was killed along with her younger brother, mother, Qiu Xiu, and grandson, Qiu Zhong. Zhuge Dan, who participated in the suppression of the rebellion of his mother Qiu Jian and Wen Qin, was the descendant of Zhuge Feng, the Sili school lieutenant of the Eastern Han Dynasty, along with Zhuge Liang of the Shu Han Dynasty and Zhuge Jin of the Sun Wu Dynasty.Because of his meritorious service in participating in the Eastern Expedition this time, he was promoted to the General of Zhendong, the third division of Yitong, and the governor of Yangzhou; not long after, he was granted the title of Marquis of Gaoping, with 3,500 households in Shiyi, and became the General of the Eastern Expedition.But he saw his mother Qiu Jian and others were exhausted and wiped out, and he was afraid of being at ease, so he poured out his family wealth to gather the hearts of the people and supported thousands of dead soldiers.At the same time, in the name of building a city to prepare for bandits, he asked the imperial court to increase his troops by 100,000 to guard his birthday, with the selfish intention of "keeping Huainan".At that time, Sima Shi was dead, and Sima Zhao succeeded as the general to record the affairs of the book. He had doubts about Zhuge Dan, so he adopted the advice of Chang Shi Jiachong, and in May of the second year of Ganlu (257), Zhuge Dan was recruited to Beijing to serve as Sikong.Transferring the officials of the feudal border to the capital as an official may not only be promoted and reused, but also may be cut down and left idle, and there is even the risk of death. Zhuge Dan understood that he belonged to the latter type, and received the edict "The more afraid he became, the more he rebelled."He gathered more than 100,000 people, captured Yangzhou, occupied Shouchun, and sent his chief minister Wu Gang to take his youngest son Zhuge Liang "to Wu for help".Soochow responded positively, and sent generals Quan Yi, Quan Duan, Tang Zi, and surrendered general Wen Qin to lead 30,000 elite soldiers into Shouchun, and named Zhuge Dan Zuo Duhu, Jia Jie, Da Situ, General Hussars, and Qingzhou General. Mu, Shouchun Hou. In June of that year, Sima Zhao personally commanded more than 260,000 Chinese and foreign armies, and arranged Zhennan General Wang Ji and Anton General Chen Qian to lead their troops to encircle Shouchun on all sides.Many generals hoped to forcibly attack the city and make a quick decision. Sima Zhao insisted: "The city is solid and numerous, and the attackers will be forced to surrender. If there are foreign invaders, the enemy will be attacked from the outside. This is a dangerous way. Let the three rebels gather in the isolated city Hey, if he will kill him, I will use the whole strategy to kill him, and I can sit and control him." The so-called "use the whole strategy to kill him" means doing everything possible to trap him, frighten him, consume him, and weaken him. , and finally exchange for the greatest victory with the least cost. An army of more than 260,000 people pressed down on the border, "surrounded on all sides" for more than half a year, "the city was terrified, and I didn't know what to do."In the first month of the third year of Ganlu (258), Zhuge Dan, Wen Qin, and Tang Zi led the crowd to break through, and they were all beaten back to the city.The rations in the city were exhausted, and "tens of thousands of people fell out."Wenqin had always had a feud with Zhuge Dan, and so far he advocated "do all the northerners save food and stick with the Wu people." Zhuge Dan became more suspicious of him and killed him.Wen Qin's sons Wenyang and Wenhu surrendered across the city, Sima Zhao not only refused to kill them, but also made them generals, and each conferred the title of Marquis of Guannei.This made the people in the city want to save their lives even more, coupled with increasing hunger and poverty, Zhuge Dan and Tang Zi were exhausted and had nowhere to go.Sima Zhao also used countermeasures, threatening to say, "Wu Zhong Nu (Quan) Yi and others will not be able to pull out Shouchun, and they want to kill all the generals' families", forcing Quan Yi and Quan Duan to lead their troops to surrender.By February, when "army marched on all sides, and at the same time clamored to climb the city, no one dared to move in the city", Zhuge Dan also ended up in the same fate as his mother Qiu Jian.After half a year of intimidation, Huainan was pacified in one day. Regarding insults and intimidation, Yuan Huan, a man of the Three Kingdoms period, had a Confucian attitude.When Liu Beizhi served as governor of Yuzhou, he once named Yuan Huan as a talented person.Later, Yuan Huan avoided Jiang and Huaijian, and was used by Yuan Shu and Lu Bu successively.When Lu Bu fell out with Liu Bei, he asked him to write a letter to "disgrace" Liu Bei, and repeatedly forced him, but he refused.Lü Bu was furious and drew his sword to threaten him, saying: "If you do it, you will live, if you don't do it, you will die!" Yuan Huan's face remained unchanged, and he replied with a smile: "Huan Huan can insult people if he hears about virtue, but if he doesn't hear about it, he will scold him. It will make the gentleman solid and not ashamed of the general's words; Since he is a villain, he intends to return to the general, so the humiliation does not lie with him here. Let’s say that General Liu’s affairs in the future are just like the general’s affairs in today’s affairs. If you go here and scold the general again, is it okay?” Lu Bu felt ashamed, so he didn't force him anymore.After the death of Lu Bubaimenlou, Yuan Huan returned to Cao Cao and served successively as captain of Peinan, admonishing doctor, prime minister's army sacrificial wine, Lang Zhongling, and Xing Yushi doctor.When Cao Pi heard about his refusal to Lu Bu, he asked his cousin Yuan Min, "How about Huan being brave and cowardly?" Looking at it now, Yuan Huan's intimidation of Lu Bu was indeed powerful and unyielding, and his understanding of insults was also in line with Confucian principles-the former is worth learning, and the latter can also be used for reference.It’s just that one thing needs to be added, that is, no matter ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign, from the emperors and generals down to the grassroots grassroots people, using insults and intimidation to fight, they will definitely not follow Confucianism, so it is definitely not suitable to practice "bookism". ".