Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Dong Gong is the only healthy person in the world

After you sing, I will appear on the stage, the troubled times are like a revolving lantern, and there has never been a static "the strong will always be strong".The situation in the early period of the Three Kingdoms was changing. Dong Zhuo and Yuan Shaozheliu once seemed powerful and invincible, but in the end they were blown away by the wind and rain. Who knows who is behind the smile. The period of the Three Kingdoms is determined according to the change of dynasty, and it should be counted from 220 years.In that year, in the 25th year of Jian'an and the first year of Yankang, the last puppet emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shiyue Chan was located in Wei, Liu Xie went to be the Duke of Shanyang, and Cao Pi changed the Yuan to the first year of Huangchu.From the time when Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, to Sima Yan abolished Chenliu Wang Cao Huan and established the Western Jin Dynasty in 265, the state of Wei with the surname Cao lasted for 45 years.

In the second year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established the Shu Han regime. After 263 years, the lord Liu Chan surrendered to Cao Wei. This partial hegemony lasted for 43 years, and his life was the shortest among the Three Kingdoms.Sun Quan proclaimed himself king in 222 and emperor in 229. The Wu Kingdom with the surname of Sun did not perish until Emperor Sun Hao surrendered to the Western Jin Dynasty at the end of 280. It lasted for 59 years and was the longest among the Three Kingdoms.If 265 years of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty are counted as the end of the Three Kingdoms, the Three Kingdoms are only 45 years old.If the Western Jin Dynasty's destruction of Wu in 280 is counted as the end of the Three Kingdoms, the Three Kingdoms will only last 60 years.However, when historians narrate the history of the Three Kingdoms, it is generally believed that the Three Kingdoms experienced a very complicated evolution process. The stage of disputes between the heroes from the Kwantung uprising in 190 to the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan in 207 was also the gradual formation of the three major cliques of Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan. stage; from the Battle of Chibi in 208 to Sun Quan's proclaiming emperor in 229, it was the formal formation stage of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu.Therefore, the history of the Three Kingdoms starts from 190 years and ends in 280 years, which is a total of 90 years (it can also be counted as 91 years).The key figure in the first stage is Dong Zhuo.

Dong Zhuo (?—192), styled Zhongying, was born in Lintao, Longxi (now Min County, Gansu), and was born in a family of generals.He has extraordinary physical strength and superb martial arts skills. He can draw a bow with both hands, and he can hit a hundred hits in riding and shooting.Living in a place where the Qiang and Han people live together, he traveled to Qiang in his weaker years and made friends with the powerful Qiang people. He not only cultivated the roughness and bravery of the Qiang and Hu people, but also accumulated the scheming and power desires of the Han bureaucrats.Since he joined the army as a young man, he "challenged Qianghu several times and fought more than a hundred battles before and after."At the beginning of the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising, he was appointed as Dong Zhonglang General, and led his troops to Hebei and Shandong to participate in the suppression. He was defeated and dismissed.But soon, Bian Zhang and Han Sui led tens of thousands of Qiang Hu cavalry to rebel against the imperial court in Xiliang area, threatening Chang'an, and Dong Zhuoxuan was reappointed.Among the six Han armies, five were defeated, but Dong Zhuo was the only one who returned with all his troops, and he became a dazzling general on the Northwest battlefield.In the fifth year of Zhongping (188), Han Sui led 100,000 Qiang Hu cavalry to march eastward again and surrounded the military town of Chencang (now east of Baoji, Shaanxi).During the battle of Chencang, the political ambitions of this Xiliang warrior to support himself and support the enemy began to be exposed, which aroused the uneasiness of the Eastern Han court.In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Emperor Ling issued an edict to promote Dong Zhuo to Shaofu (one of the nine ministers), asking him to hand over the army to Huangfusong.Dong Zhuo saw through this trick of ascending and descending secretly and depriving the soldiers of the army, so he refused to obey the edict under the pretext that "Yi Cong in Huangzhong and Qin Hu Bing" were "holding the chariots of the ministers and making them unable to move".The letter also said, "The ministers cannot stop Qianghu from acting like a dog", threatening the dynasty with fear of mutiny.In the same year, Emperor Ling was critically ill, and "Xi Shu worshiped Zhuo as the shepherd of Bingzhou, and ordered his soldiers to belong to Huangfu Song." I command alone, and I want to bring them to Bingzhou together. (See "Book of the Later Han·Dong Zhuo Biography" for both) He blatantly despised the imperial power of the Liu surname. Not only did he not hand over his army, but he also did not go to Bingzhou to take up his post. .The Yellow Turban Uprising advocated that "the sky is dead, and the yellow sky should be established." Although it did not turn public opinion into reality, it made the local tyrants break the awe of the "destiny" and foster disobedience.This Dong Zhuo, backed by military strength, became the first crab eater who developed from despising the imperial power of the Liu surname in the late Eastern Han Dynasty to manipulating the Eastern Han regime.

Opportunities always favor those who are prepared, and soon, Dong Zhuo's opportunity fell from the sky. In 189, Lingdi Liu Hong died of illness. General He Jin appointed his nephew Liu Bian as emperor; Liu Bian was 14 years old at the time, and he was called Shaodi.He Jin used the general to participate in the recording of Shangshu affairs, took control of the government, and immediately set up a decisive battle with the eunuch group represented by Jian Shuo.In the previous year, Emperor Ling set up the "Eight Captains of Xiyuan" to command the Imperial Army. It must also be subject to its possession, which intensifies the power struggle between the eunuchs and foreign relatives.As soon as Emperor Ling died, Jian Shuo discussed with Zhao Zhong, Song Dian and others, planning to arrest He Jin, but He Jin was executed first after leaking the secret.In order to get rid of the eunuchs, He Jin followed Yuan Shao's suggestion and summoned more powerful generals to lead troops into Luoyang, coercing Empress Dowager He to allow them to eliminate political enemies.At that time, Cao Cao said that for the crime of punishing eunuchs, "the culprit should be punished, and one jailer is enough."In July of the first year of Guangxi (189), He Jin summoned Dong Zhuo to lead an army to the capital to help him succeed. Dong Zhuo was overjoyed and immediately led three thousand light cavalry to march towards Luoyang.Before Dong Zhuo's troops arrived, He Jin had already been ambushed and killed in the palace by eunuchs Zhang Rang and Duan Gui.He's general Huben Zhonglang, led by Yuan Shu and others, attacked the palace gate. Zhang Rang and Duan Yu hurriedly hijacked the young emperor Liu Bian and Chenliu Wang Liu Xie to escape to Xiaopingjin. Zhang Rang was forced to commit suicide by throwing himself into a river on the way.Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu and others led troops to search for the eunuchs, and killed them all, regardless of age. More than 2,000 people were killed in total.Before Dong Zhuo had time to enter the city, he hurriedly led his troops to the north, and finally met Shaodi and his party at the foot of Beimanban.The officials in his entourage asked Dong Zhuo to "quit the soldiers." Dong Zhuo said: "Everyone is a minister of the country. If you can't correct the royal family and make the country ruin, why do you have soldiers!" Talking to Liu Bian, the fourteen-year-old little emperor couldn't understand. Sound, words do not express meaning.Turn around and ask and answer with Liu Xie. The nine-year-old Chen Liuwang is very good at explaining the cause of the disaster clearly.Dong Zhuo immediately looked at Liu Xie differently, and thought that Liu Xie's biological mother, Wang Meiren, was poisoned by Empress He and later adopted by Queen Mother Dong.Although it was not said at the time, it was put into practice soon afterwards, turning a new page in his political career.

At that time, Dong Zhuo had no advantage in power except for the political weight of catering to the emperor.The troops who followed him to Luoyang consisted of only 3,000 light cavalry, which was no match for Yuan Shao's imperial guards in the capital who had taken over the command of the original "Eight Captains of Xiyuan", and also no match for Bao, Prime Minister of Jibei who came here at He Jin's call. The Shandong soldiers who believed in the letter, the Bingzhou soldiers who held Jinwu Dingyuan, not to mention the brave and brave general Lu Bu under Dingyuan's command.To change this unfavorable situation, it is necessary to give full play to the political know-how of power and cunning, and in this respect, none of Yuan Shao, Bao Xin, and Ding Yuan can match.Dong Zhuo was sure that other people had no time to distinguish the truth from reality, so he entered Beijing first-hand, and played a trick of deception.Every night in the middle of the night, his men sneaked out of the city, and early the next morning, with flags flying, drums and drums thundering, they marched into the city in mighty force, creating the illusion that follow-up troops were arriving one after another.For more than ten days in a row, the government and the public were all puzzled, and mistakenly thought that he had a large number of troops.Bao Xin told Yuan Shao that Dong Zhuo "has a strong army and will have different ambitions. If you don't plan early, you will be controlled." It is better to take advantage of the fatigue of his soldiers and attack them to win.Yuan Shao was afraid that Dong Zhuo's army might be strong, so he could not make up his mind, so Bao Xin had no choice but to lead his troops away.Dong Zhuo resorted to the trick of separation and division again, bought Lu Bu, killed Ding Yuan, and all the Bingzhou troops that had previously guarded the capital were transferred to his banner.Some of He Jin's family soldiers also joined Dong Zhuo one after another.At this point, there was only one Yuan Shao left. Dong Zhuo thought that the plan of abolishing the establishment could be implemented, so he announced his ambition to Yuan Shao: "The master of the world should be wise, and every time he thinks about Emperor Ling, it is indignant! Donghou (referring to Liu Xie) It seems to be possible, if you want to establish it now, is it possible to win Shihou (referring to Liu Bian)? People have little wisdom and big idiots, and they know how to get back? It's time for you, and the Liu family's inadequacy will be left behind!" To the second son of the Liu family, None of them call themselves kings or emperors but marquises, and Liu Xie, who "desires to be established", also doubts his "little wisdom and big idiots", expressing the right to let him try to be emperor for a while, the arrogance and domineering self-professionalism are beyond words.Yuan Shao said euphemistically: "Abolishing the concubine and setting up the concubine, I fear that the public will not follow the public opinion." Dong Zhuo immediately turned his face and reprimanded Yuan Shao with his sword: "Shuzi dare to do it! The affairs of the world are not up to me? Who dares not to follow what I want to do? You say Zhuo Dao is not good!" Openly threatened to kill Yuan Shao.By suppressing Yuan Shao, he also suppressed the ministers of the Manchu Dynasty. What Dong Zhuo did was "capture the thief first and capture the king".Naturally, Yuan Shao couldn't be subdued on the spot, so he suddenly changed his face and said: "Is Dong Gong the only one who is strong in the world?" It means that the world is so big, there are countless heroes who fear nothing, is it only you Dong Gongdao? profit?While speaking, he drew out his saber, bowed his sword horizontally, and walked away. (See "Zi Zhi Tong Jian Han Ji Fifty-One") After getting away, Yuan Shao hurriedly fled the right and wrong in Guanzhong. Dong Zhuo then annexed the Xiyuan Forbidden Army, dominated Luoyang, and entered the realm of doing whatever he wanted.

Among the scholars of ancient and modern times, some people doubted the contest between Dong and Yuan, and asked Yuan Shao how he could and dared to fight face to face.They don't know much about it. From Yuan Shao's point of view, there are at least three factors that make him dare to act.First, the Yuan family has four generations and three princes, and its power is overwhelming the world.Yuan Shao's great-grandfather Yuan An, great-grandfather Yuan Chang, grandfather Yuan Tang, and uncle Yuan Feng all served as Situ and Sikong. Shangshushi is the highest official of the Central Committee of the Eastern Han Dynasty that Dong Zhuo faced.Yuan Shao's tree has big roots, deep roots, and strong seedlings, which is definitely not comparable to Bao Xin and Ding Yuan.Second, before Yuan Shao became a lieutenant in the Chinese Army, he was a general in Huben Zhonglang, and both positions were military officers with "bierqianshi", which is equivalent to the current "regular military rank" general.According to the official rituals of the Han Dynasty, the generals were not often placed, "everyone is in charge of the conquest, and when the matter is over, let it go."Usually, the generals who rank higher than the "Sangong" are the first general (some are above the "Sangong"), the second is the general of the hussars, the second is the general of the chariot, and the second is the general of the guard; Front, back, left and right generals.General Zhonglang and the school lieutenant have different titles, but they are permanent, and take on the important task of guarding inside and outside the capital.After Jian Shuo's death, there were still seven captains in the "Eight Captains of Xiyuan". Yuan Shao rose from the second place to the first place.Thirdly, Yuan Shao is a strong man with a strong appearance, a knight-errant temperament, a reputation, and a lover of dead soldiers.For Dong Zhuo, a frontier general who was born in martial arts, he maintained a sense of psychological superiority, thinking that if I hadn't given any advice to He Jin at the beginning, you, a martial artist, are only worthy of chewing mutton steamed buns at the frontier, how could you stand out and be in the center?My old Yuan is also a "healthy person", how can your old Dong be independent?So he can, he dares.From Dong Zhuo's point of view, his foothold was firm but his wings were fledgling. He still had military power over Yuan Shao.If Yuan Shao had chosen to immediately lead the Imperial Army to a fight to the death after he bowed and left, it would be hard to predict who would win the battle.It's just that history never vassalizes hypocrisy. Yuan Shao chose to flee to Kanto as soon as possible, which provided convenience and convenience for Dong Zhuo to monopolize the court and wreak havoc on Xijing.

Dong Zhuo then adopted a series of thunderous means, and staged a series of violent live dramas in which local warlords took control of the central government and took the emperor to order the world since the founding of the Western Han Dynasty 400 years ago.First hand, in September of that year, a hundred bureaucrats were gathered and directly announced that the young emperor Liu Bian would be abolished, and Liu Xie, the king of Chenliu, would be established.Everyone below Gongqing was stunned by him, and they dared not say anything, and they didn't dare to say anything.Relying on his old qualifications, Shangshu Lu Zhi reluctantly said a few words that should not be abolished, and he was almost killed. As a result, he was dismissed from office and retired to Shanggu.Yuan Kai, the supreme minister, not only "as discussed", but also shamelessly played the role of accomplice. He lifted Liu Bian's seal ribbon in the Chongde Hall and presented it to Liu Xie, and helped Liu Bian's lower hall to become a minister in the north.The nine-year-old Liu Xie came to power in order to dedicate himself to the emperor and changed his Yuan to Yonghan.This de facto "child emperor" was first controlled by Dong Zhuo, and then by Cao Cao, until the day when Cao Wei Dai Han acted as a puppet for others to play with, the "Cang Tian" of the Han family with the surname Liu was actually "dead". "It's hard.The second move was to kill Queen Mother He with poison and eliminate the influence of the He family.This pulled out the political banner attached to by the bureaucratic literati and the "Qingliu" celebrities in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.In addition, the eunuchs had been expelled by Eryuan before, so far, the situation of the two powers of foreign relatives and eunuchs who had been in power alternately throughout the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty for more than 100 years collapsed, and was replaced by warlords and separatist disputes.The third hand is to concentrate the power of the government in one's own hands.At the beginning of the reform of the Yuan Dynasty, Dong Zhuo proclaimed himself a Taiwei, Jin Jue and Marquis of Mei, and took control of the military.Immediately afterwards, he became a minister of the country, praised and worshiped but not named, entered the court without tending, put his sword on the temple, and the "three princes" were all under it, just like a decoration.It took only 93 days from when he was recruited by He Jin to becoming the de facto supreme power holder.In terms of his boldness, resoluteness, arbitrariness, and doing whatever he wants, the later Cao Cao is actually a "little witch".The fourth hand is to show leniency and "follow people's expectations", further redress the "party prison" unjust prison, and appoint a group of "party members" celebrities such as Cai Yong, Xun Shuang, Chen Ji, and Han Rong as court officials (if they should not Zhao then threatened with "I Neng clan members"), released a group of court officials such as Han Fu, Liu Dai, Kong Ni, and Zhang Zi to serve as Mushou, in an attempt to make all the bureaucrats at home and abroad look up to him and identify with Dong's family. The official of the Han Dynasty, not the official of the Han Dynasty.Even disregarding the Yuan brothers and Cao Cao, he worshiped Yuan Shao as the prefect of Bohai, Yuan Shu as the rear general, and Cao Cao as the captain of Xiaoqi, which is a bit "inclusive".The fifth hand is to consolidate the foundation of Guanzhong.Dong Zhuo not only appeases Xiliang tycoons Han Sui and Ma Teng, but also subdues potential political enemies in the Guanzhong area, Zuo General Huangfusong and Dongzhao Yin Gaixun, and has a relatively stable "backyard".In addition, he served as a Taiwei in the court, and Zhu Jun was his deputy. The two "heroes" who suppressed the Yellow Turban Uprising were under his control. Who would dare to look up to them?Dong Zhuo then said to the guests, "We are so powerful that the world is shaken, and our wishes are boundless." He said to the guests: "I am the most precious!"It was only because the Kwantung Allied Forces were in a hurry to challenge Dong Zhuo that he didn't have time to add a yellow robe and establish a separate "Huang Tian".

As a Kansai warlord who was deeply influenced by Qianghu culture, Dong Zhuo was more like Cao Cao than he was, and he also had his brutal, predatory, and destructive side, which was destined to fail to become a mature politician.Killing people and seizing power is a joyous experience. He deserves to be the scavenger who essentially finally determined that the "heaven is dead" of the Han family surnamed Liu, but he will not stabilize people and restore order. Although he is doomed to have political ambitions to establish another "Huangtian", but He soon became the gravedigger of his own political career.Nearly 200 years of imperial wealth accumulated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the residences of nobles and relatives in the capital faced each other, and rich bribes were rich in material conditions that he had never encountered before for further development, but he did not know how to cherish them at all.After entering Luoyang, he indulged his Xiliang army to burn, kill and loot wantonly, calling it "search and prison".According to Li Xian's annotation quoted in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dong Zhuo Biography", "searching for prisons" means "searching for those who speak firmly".Even the tombs of emperors and empresses and the tombs of princes and ministers were not spared. They openly excavated and plundered their burial treasures.The Xiliang army was as brutal as a hungry tiger, raping women everywhere, even the princesses and maids in the palace were not spared.Dong Zhuo also ordered that all the people watching the social drama be massacred, the men beheaded to count military merits, and the women were taken back to the army as camp prostitutes.He also ordered to destroy the bronze figures and bells cast in the Qin Dynasty, destroy the five baht coins cast in the Han Dynasty, and cast them into small coins, which directly caused the price to soar.

The money and treasures obtained from the search were all transported to Mei County, where he built a giant dock, seven feet high and thick, and Chang'an City, known as "Long Live Dock".Meiwu has collected military rations for 30 years, 230,000 jins of gold, 80,000 to 90,000 jins of silver, as well as hills of brocade, silk, and rare treasures. It is enough to be old" ("Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dong Zhuo Biography").Such a large-scale plunder and destruction will inevitably cause resentment.Dong Zhuo thought he had the plan, but he didn't know that all kinds of atrocities and blood debts had made him a public enemy of the world, and an anti-Dong alliance was formed soon.

In the first year of Emperor Xian's Chuping (190), governors of prefectures and counties in the Kanto region (to the east of Tongguan or Hanguguan in Shaanxi) who had subordinate armies elected Yuan Shao, prefect of Bohai, as the leader of the alliance, and jointly launched troops to attack Dong Zhuo.The total number of coalition forces reached hundreds of thousands. Yuan Shao and Hanoi prefect Wang Kuang were stationed in Hanoi County (the county government is located in the southwest of Wushe, Henan Province) and threatened Luoyang from the north; Liu Dai, governor of Yanzhou, Zhang Miao, prefect of Chenliu, Zhang Chao, prefect of Guangling, Qiao Mao, prefect of Dongjun, Yuan Yi, prefect of Shanyang, Bao Xin, prime minister of Jibei, and Cao Cao, general Xingfenwu, were stationed in Suanzao (now southwest of Yanjin, Henan) , threatened Luoyang from the east; later general Yuan Shu and Changsha prefect Sun Jian encircled Luoyang from the south.At that time, more than 100,000 people from the Yellow Turban Rebel Army also entered Hedong County (the county government is located in the northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province), showing a trend of marching that might block Luoyang West Road.Facing the threat of encirclement on all sides, Dong Zhuo, who had rich military experience, was able to cope with it. He decided to move his capital to Chang'an to defuse the danger of encirclement, and relied on the danger of Weihan and the prosperity of Guanzhong to confront the coalition forces.He hijacked Emperor Xian and moved west to Chang'an, and entrusted the government affairs to Situ Wangyun for temporary disposal, while he returned to Luoyang to take command, arranged and built a three-sided circular defense line, and put on a decisive battle and victory.At the same time, another preparation for the loss of Luoyang was made, ordering the burning of the palace, government offices and houses within 200 miles around Luoyang, looting of food and property, and forcing millions of officials and people to move westward together. light, looting, moving away), and leave nothing to the coalition forces.He also poisoned and killed the deposed emperor Liu Bian, took and beheaded Shangshu Zhou Yan, Chengmen school captain Wu Qiong, and slaughtered more than 50 relatives of Yuan's family in Beijing, including Taifu Yuan Kui and Taifu Yuan Ji, including chikou babies. Attack the coalition forces in North Korea.Due to Dong Zhuo's perverse actions, the road to the west was "overwhelmed with corpses", and "houses were wiped out within two hundred miles, and there were no chickens and dogs." The buildings and cultural relics of the ancient capital Luoyang were greatly destroyed.Cao Cao later truthfully wrote in the poem "Xielu":

The thieves held the handle of the country and killed the lord and Yujing. The emperor's foundation was overthrown, and the ancestral temple was burnt. Migrate westward, Boohoo and go. In the city of Zhanpiluo, the micro is sad! A warlord scuffle and an extraordinary period of misery began like this. Among the three fronts of the Allied Army against Dong, the Eastern Front has the most troops, so it could have taken advantage of the momentum to advance. However, the warlords with "uneven military strength" were afraid of the bravery of the Xiliang Army and dared not take the lead in launching an attack.At that time, Cao Cao had just escaped from Luoyang not long ago, and he had only 5,000 troops recruited. Although he had the title of "General Xingfenwu", he was not a general appointed by the imperial court after all, but only an agent.He couldn't stand it anymore, and generously suggested: "Raise righteous soldiers to punish the riots. The masses have united. Why do you doubt it? Let Dong Zhuo hear that the soldiers in Shandong have risen, relying on the weight of the royal family, according to the danger of two weeks, facing the world in the east, Although it is done in a wayless way, it is still enough to cause trouble. Now the palace is burned, the emperor is robbed and the emperor is moved, the sea is shaken, and he does not know where he is going. This is the time when the sky is dying. The world will be settled in one war, and it must not be lost!" But no one responded. .Cao Cao had no choice but to lead his troops to advance alone, and encountered Dong Zhuo's general Xu Rong in Xingyang. He was defeated in a bloody battle, and many soldiers were killed and injured.Fortunately, his younger brother Cao Hong gave him his horse to ride, so he was able to escape at night and save his life.When I returned to Suanzao, I found that the generals of the coalition forces were having a high-drinking meeting and had no desire to fight at all, so I couldn't help being disappointed.Cao Cao scolded them and said: "The soldiers are moving with righteousness today. If they are suspicious and do not advance, they will lose the hope of the world and be ashamed of all the troops!" Still no one paid any attention to them.Cao Cao had no choice but to rush to Yangzhou with Xiahou Dun to recruit soldiers, and then went to Hanoi County on the northern line to join Yuan Shao.Soon thereafter, all the food in the Suanzao area was eaten up by hundreds of thousands of Eastern Front troops, and the coalition forces collapsed immediately, and the warlords of all walks of life returned to their respective territories with their troops.The Eastern Front disintegrated without a fight, which was tantamount to helping Dong Zhuo.Dong Zhuo pretended to cross Pingyindu (now northeast of Mengjin, Henan) with suspicious soldiers, and he personally led elite troops to rush forward secretly.As a result, the coalition forces have three fronts, and only one front is left on the southern front. Although the leader of the coalition forces on the southern front was Yuan Shu, the key figure who resolutely led the army to challenge Dong was Sun Jian.Previously in the third year of Zhongping (186), when Sun Jian accompanied Sikong and the chariot general Zhang Wen sent troops to Xiliang to attack Bianzhang and Han Sui, he was a colleague of Dong Zhuo. Zhang Wen suggested that Dong Zhuo be beheaded immediately, but it was not adopted.This time he participated in the campaign against Dong, and he immediately led his army to Luyang and accepted Yuan Shu's command. Yuan Shu then represented Sun Jian to defeat the general and lead the governor of Yuzhou.In the first battle, he encountered Xu Rong's troops in the east of Liang (now southwest of Ruyang, Henan).But he was not discouraged, and quickly packed up the remnants, reorganized the army, and defeated Dong Zhuo's Hu Zhen and Lu Bu's 5,000 troops in Zaiyangren (now northeast of Ruyang, Henan), and beheaded Hua Xiong, the governor. to Guan Yu's head), and achieved the first victory of the coalition forces.At that time, someone alienated him and said to Yuan Shu, "If you are strong, you cannot copy it." Yuan Shu was suspicious of Sun Jian and refused to supply the army with rations.Sun Jian rushed to see Yuan Shu in a starry night, cut the ground with a knife, and said bitterly: "So regardless of family background, he went to seek thieves for the country, and comforted the general's family's personal enmity. , I still suspect it!" Yuan Shu was at a loss, so he allocated military rations.Dong Zhuo was afraid of Sun Jian's bravery, so he sent his general Li Jue to see Sun Jian and propose a marriage ceremony, luring him that as long as the list of Sun's children was given, he could choose officials such as governor and sheriff.Sun Jian sternly refused, and stated sharply: "Zhuo is against the heavens and has no way, and he overthrew the royal family. If you don't destroy your three clans today, if you show it to the world, then I will die with peace. How can I make peace with Nai?" The Xiliang army led by Dong Zhuo fought hand-to-hand, defeated its mighty general Lu Bu, regained the imperial capital Luoyang, and won the second victory of the coalition forces.Dong Zhuo retreated to Chang'an in a hurry, and said to his subordinates: "The Kwantung Army has been defeated. They are all afraid of being alone and unable to do anything. But Sun Jian is small and stupid, and he is quite capable of employing people. When he speaks to the generals, he is afraid of him!" A single Sun Jian made Dong Zhuo fearful. If the coalition forces can work together to advance westward, it is not impossible to completely wipe out Dong Zhuo's group.Unexpectedly, Yuan Shao ignored Dong's overall situation and took advantage of the fire to loot. Just as Sun Jian captured Luoyang, he appointed Zhou Ang as the governor of Yuzhou to harass Sun Jian's back road Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan).There were enemies in the front, and strong soldiers in the back. Sun Jian was helpless, and sighed with emotion: "Together with the righteous soldiers, we will save the country. If the rebels are defeated and everyone is like this, who should I be and fight for!" , had no choice but to withdraw.In April of the second year of Chuping (191), a 15-month Kwantung coalition war against Dong ended sadly. Its beginning was also vigorous, and its end was also sudden. This time the coalition forces' challenge to Dong Xingtong was a farce.However, excluding the doping elements of artificial farce, after all, there are quite a few historical points of view, which cannot be ignored together.The first point is that although the coalition forces did not achieve the preset goal of maintaining the Han family surnamed Liu, through this joint operation, especially with Sun Jian's capture of Luoyang as a sign of victory, it finally stopped Dong Zhuo's political momentum of coercing the emperor to control the world. Instead, other warlords fought against each other.From then on, the Dong Zhuo Group could only toss and run rampant in the Guanzhong area until it perished. The separatist forces in the Kanto area and Jing, Wu and other places also tried their best to dominate the territories they occupied, and they came into being and died separately. There is no longer a generally recognized power center in the whole country. .Central autocracy and centralized power in the Eastern Han Dynasty ceased to exist. This was the first time in more than four hundred years since the Qin and Han Dynasties.The second point is that during this process of mutation, Dong Zhuo was not only the target of the Kwantung Warlords' crusade, but also the teacher who broke the awe of "Mandate of Heaven" and changed the dream of "Heaven" for many of them.The Yuan brothers learned the fastest.As the leader of the coalition forces, Yuan Shao tried his best to establish another emperor named Liu in the first month of the second year of Chuping three months before the end of the war against Dong Zhuo, trying to control himself so as to compete against Dong Zhuo.This "Dong Zhuo second" approach was resolutely resisted by powerful figures such as Cao Cao, and even Liu Yu, a branch of the Liu clan he planned to support and proclaim himself emperor, and Youzhou Mu Liu Yu himself did not do it.His cousin Yuan Shu went a step further. After winning the Jade Seal Sun Jian obtained from Luoyang, he dreamed of becoming an emperor himself, more than 1,700 years earlier than his descendant with the same surname Yuan Shikai.Since some people have taken the first step, others will continue to take the second and third steps, and the chaos of the Three Kingdoms has begun.The third point is that all those who participated in the discussion of Dong Zhuo, judging from their status and momentum at the time, were all one of the so-called "strong men in the world" that Yuan Shao once said to Dong Zhuo.However, times create heroes and times test heroes, especially times like big waves washing away sand, ruthlessly screening big heroes and small heroes, true heroes and false heroes. The 15-month war against Dong was undoubtedly an iron-blooded process of creating heroes, testing heroes, and selecting heroes. The two stars who stood out from it were not Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu, but Cao Cao and Sun Jian.Later, the separatist disputes evolved into a three-point confrontation. The three families of Wei, Shu, and Wu were ruled by Cao, and the descendants of the Sun family were second. This is a historical preview.When talking about the history of the Three Kingdoms, the starting point is set in 190 when the Kwantung Allied Forces challenged Dong. From these three perspectives, everything is logical. Relying on Yuan Shao's help (although it was not a collusion), Dong Zhuo escaped the punishment of the coalition forces, but he did not escape the shameful end of self-destruction.His viciousness and perverse actions have led to anger and resentment, and the betrayal of relatives. The forces that will finally nail him to the pillar of historical shame are gathering from within his group.In April of the third year of Chuping (192), Situ Wangyun and Shang Shupu archer Sun Rui persuaded Dong Zhuo's righteous son and Zhonglang general Lu Bu to formulate a strategy to kill Dong.At that time, Emperor Xian recovered from his illness, and all the officials gathered in Weiyang Palace to express their congratulations. Dong Zhuo naturally pretended to preside over it.Lu Bu sent his trusted cavalry captain Li Su and warriors Qin Yi and Chen Wei to pretend to be palace guards and wait inside the Beiye Gate.Dong Zhuo entered in his chariot, but Li Su attacked him suddenly, stabbing him in the arm with a halberd.Dong Zhuo got out of the car, turned around and shouted, "Where is Lu Bu?" Lu Bu stood up and said, "There is an order to punish the thieves!" Dong Zhuo yelled, "You mediocre dog! How dare you be so evil?" After Lu Bu killed him, he killed three more in a row People, the rest of them dare not move.As soon as the edict against thieves was announced, people shouted "Long live".Immediately afterwards, all members of the Dong clan were killed regardless of age, and many people attached to Dong Zhuo were sent to prison to die one after another.Meiwu was confiscated, and the accumulated gold, silver, pearls, jade, brocade and odd toys were piled up like a mountain, and the greedy Dong Zhuo could no longer possess them.His body was exposed to the market, lit with sky lanterns, and a wax torch inserted into his navel was "bright, as long as the sun has accumulated", Dong Zhuo, who had always been obese, overflowed with fat all over the place.The disciples of the Yuan family reburied Yuan Kui, Yuan Ji and others. They collected Dong Zhuo's remains and burned them all, and raised the ashes as a sacrifice.The city of Chang'an was full of people setting off firecrackers, singing and dancing carnivally. Many people sold jewels, clothes and wine to celebrate. The excitement lasted for four or five days.Thinking back to the boiling scene back then, it can be compared, perhaps only in October 1976, the modern Chinese celebrated the defeat of Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan, the "Gang of Four" that ruined the country and the people.Published in a bamboo book, it will be known to the world forever, which is enough to warn all the country's thieves and the people in the past and the present, no matter how powerful they are when they gain power, once they lose power and are seized, they will not end well.Even if they are not all lit up with sky lanterns like Dong Zhuo, and their bodies are burned to dust, their reputation in the world will be destined to be similar to this. After Dong Zhuo was killed, the lingering Eastern Han regime desperately needed to conform to the people's hearts and clean up the mess.However, Wang Yun is just a short-sighted politician, and Lu Bu is just a capricious warrior who doesn't know how to turn enemies into friends and help each other in difficult times.On the contrary, they wantonly killed dissidents, even the famous Confucian Cai Yong who was coerced and attached to Dong Zhuo.Dong Zhuo's powerful generals Li Jue, Guo Fan and others had tens of thousands of soldiers, killing and looting endlessly. After Dong Zhuo's death, they were all terrified and sent envoys to beg for pardon, but Wang Yun flatly refused.Ever since, Li Jue adopted Jia Xu's suggestion, and joined forces with Guo Fan, Zhang Ji, Fan Chou and other Xiliang warriors to fight against Chang'an under the banner of "revenge for Dong Gong". ".Collecting Xiliang soldiers along the way, compared to the city of Chang'an, there are more than 100,000 strong soldiers.In June of that year, they attacked the city and plundered and killed more than ten thousand soldiers and civilians. Lu Bu fled in a hurry, and Wang Yun was killed soon after. The "Gang of Four" of Li, Guo, Zhang, and Fan were all generals, and jointly held the government. Emperor Xian Liu Xie changed from Dong Zhuo's puppet to the puppet of this "Gang of Four".Compared with Dong Zhuo, this "Gang of Four" is more barbaric, predatory and destructive than anything else.Because Wang Yun was from Bingzhou, he turned his anger on the Bingzhou people and beheaded hundreds of Bingzhou people, men, women and children in the army.During the four hundred years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Jian Ce silk books accumulated in the ancient capital of Chang'an were either burned or transformed into curtain pouches by Xiliang soldiers, causing a huge loss that could never be made up. Within the "Gang of Four", as well as between them and other Xiliang warlords, they fought each other from time to time, and fought fiercely.According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dong Zhuo Biography", in the first year of Xingping (194), Han Sui and Ma Teng led a crowd to attack Chang'an, and Li Jue sent Guo Fan and Fan Chou to lead the troops to fight. ".Han Sui used the strategy of alienation, and had "horse-horse jokes" with Fan Chou before the battle, which aroused mutual suspicion between Li and Fan.In Chang'an City at that time, soldiers from Xiliang "plundered during the day" and "violated the common people". Hundreds of thousands of people cannibalize each other, devour the bones, and fill the roads with filth and filth.” This is an unprecedented tragedy.In the second year, Li Jue sent people to assassinate Fan Chou, which caused Li Jue and Guo Fan to "attack each other".Li Jue "used three chariots to welcome the emperor and the empress", detained Liu Xie and his wife in his barracks, and sent troops to loot the palace people's belongings, transfer the imperial palace gold, silk, Chengyu, utensils and clothes, "burn the palace, government office, Everyone knows everything."Not to be outdone, Guo Fan detained Taiwei Yang Biao, Sikong Zhang Xi and more than ten people as hostages. "One person robs the Son of Heaven, and the other hostages the prince." The 2,000-year history of Chinese feudalism has never been so absurd.Li and Guo Lianyue attacked each other, and more than ten thousand people died.This kind of chaos was endless, until Guo Fan was killed by his subordinates, Zhang Ji died in the battle of attacking Rang (now Dengxian County, Henan Province), and in the first year of Jian'an (196), Emperor Xian Liu Xie served as the Kwantung general Dong Cheng and the Hedong general Yang Yang. Feng, Xu Huang and others escorted them to Luoyang, and Caigu settled the matter.When Emperor Xian moved to the west, "Sanfu Hukou was still in the hundreds of thousands." After Li and Guo attacked each other, "Chang'an City was empty for more than forty days, the strong scattered, and the winners ate each other. In two or three years, there was no trace of people in Guanzhong." .The first chapter of the history of the Three Kingdoms was written by these warlords who supported their own troops, dipped in blood with knives and fire. During the same period of time, Dong Zhuo Group had no way of gaining control over the vast areas to the east and south of Guanzhong, and the orders of the puppet "Son of Heaven" were also in vain, and the warlords there were also fighting happily.To roughly outline, before the first year of Jian'an (196), the main armed separatist forces in various regions were distributed as follows: Yuan Shao occupied Jizhou, Qingzhou, and Bingzhou (now central and southern Hebei, northeast Shandong and Shanxi); Yuan Shu occupied Nanyang, and later Yangzhou (now the lower reaches of the Huaihe River and the north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River); Cao Cao occupied Yanzhou (now southeastern Shandong and southern Henan); Liu Yu and Gongsun Zan occupied Youzhou (now northern Hebei) Tao Qian, Liu Bei, and Lu Bu successively occupied Xuzhou (now northern Jiangsu); Gongsun Du occupied Liaodong (now Liaoning); Liu Biao occupied Jingzhou (now Hubei and Hunan); Liu Yan occupied Yizhou (now Sichuan, most of Guizhou and northern Yunnan); Sun Ce occupied Jiangdong (now south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River); Zhang Lu occupied Hanzhong (now southern Shaanxi). There were also some other local military and political officials, such as Han Fu and Zhang Xiu, who were in the middle of it.As stated in "Zizhi Tongjian Hanji Fifty-two", they "merged with each other to strengthen themselves", the relationship between enemies and friends was unpredictable, and the state of birth and death was variable. Yuan Shao, who was once the leader of the Kwantung Allied Forces, developed rapidly, with a large area and a large number of people. He assumed the heroic posture of Hebei today, as if he was the leader of the "strong man in the world".Gongsun Zan was also an extraordinary figure. He defeated Han Fu, replaced Liu Yu, colluded and fought with the Yuan brothers, especially Yuan Shao, and fought continuously for years.Cao Cao's strength was not as good as Yuan Shao's or Gongsun Zan's at the beginning, but he was good at taking advantage of the situation, expanding steadily, and gradually transforming into a real strong man.而在参与镇压黄巾起义过程中，只捞到个高唐县令当的刘备，则凭着投靠昔日的老同学公孙瓒，在平原相任上开始崭露头角，以后又得到徐州的陶谦的提携，由豫州刺史而代领徐州，一跃成为割据一方的地方军阀。袁绍、公孙瓒志得意满，睥睨群雄之日，怎么也未曾料到，十年内外的风云变幻，他们相继成为匆促的历史过客，而曹操、刘备几经颠踬，反倒在最后笑得最好。 当年袁绍冲撞董卓所说的“天下健者，岂唯董公”，从联军讨董到群雄割据得到了验证。自命不凡的“健者”，或者盟友、对手眼里的“健者”，几年之间，凡数十计，的确远非董卓一人。但诸多“健者”当中，究竟哪些是雄才大略，一代英雄，哪些是胆大心野，亡命争锋，哪些又是际会风云，随波逐流，差别其实不小。甚至如孔融，尽管出身名门，身为大儒，又膺方面重任，却连参加割据博弈的资格也不具备。造成这样的悬殊差异，直接原因、间接原因自然是多方面的，共同原因、根本原因终究在于军事实力。封建宗法性的专制集权政体，说到底，从来就以军事实力为主要支撑。当中央政权能有效地掌控军事实力的时候（如东汉时期要么以外戚为大将军，要么由宦官领军、监军，都为着这一政治营构），大一统的局面就至少能够在表面上维持；一旦皇权崩溃，所谓的“天子”形同虚设，什么人手里能有效地掌控多大一部分军事实力，也就有效地在大体相应大的地盘上称王称霸了，割据纷争也就无可避免了。 重新出现大一统局面，也要靠军事实力，而非什么有“王者兴”。 开篇说的“天下大势，分久必合，合久必分”，正是对这一历史现象的概括表述。但它见其表而未见其本，没有揭开封建专制历史演替的奥秘，落入了宿命泥淖。其实，这一奥秘早已为国人破译，现代精英版的“枪杆子里面出政权”，草根版的“乱世英雄起四方，有枪便是草头王”，即是对其妇孺能解的直白解释。回到三国时期去，历数董卓、袁绍、曹操、孙坚、刘备……哪一个“健者”不是靠着军事实力在历史舞台上扮演其角色的？