The Chinese are familiar with the history of the evolution of their own country, and the popularity is as high as that of the Three Kingdoms.That's all thanks to him. A chapter-back novel of the Ming Dynasty that is "seven points of fact, three points of fiction" (Zhang Xuecheng's words), inheriting Tang and Song folk raps, and inspiring today's film and television works. Women and children all know it, and it pervades many fields of politics, military affairs, economy and culture. But after all, it is not a historical work. Regardless of the consciousness of "respecting Liu and demoting Cao" in it, judging from the wonderful words, such as whipping Duyou, killing Huaxiong, borrowing the east wind, and setting up an empty city, most of them belong to either embedding flowers and grafting trees, Zhang Guan Li Dai , or art fictions that are created out of nothing and flowers in the pen, can be appreciated as much as possible, but should not be true.To interpret the history of the Three Kingdoms, the historical data are mainly based on the historiography "Three Kingdoms", including the "Zhi" of Chen Shou (233-297) from the Jin Dynasty and the "Notes" of Pei Songzhi (372-451) from the Song Dynasty. Note".At the same time, it is also necessary to refer to other related historical books, such as "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", "Book of Jin" and .

"Three Kingdoms" was written earlier than "Hanshu", after "Historical Records" and "Hanshu", it ranked third in the "Twenty-Four Histories".In the fourth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1739), the "Twenty-Four Histories" such as "Historical Records" to "Ming History" were designated as official history, and the respect of "private records should not be inflated" was given.In contrast to official histories, other historical records are commonly referred to as anecdotes; among them, privately compiled histories are commonly referred to as unofficial histories, also known as barnyard history.Official history and anecdotal history, including unofficial history (barnyard history), have always created each other and complemented each other, and the cutting of autocratic imperial power cannot all be stopped. "Chen Zhipei's Notes" demonstrates this iron rule.Chen Shou's writing of "Zhi" refers to the official "Wei Shu" and "Wu Shu" compiled by Wei and Wu, as well as "Wei Lue" written by Wei Renyuhuan privately.Pei Song's "Notes" cited more than 210 bibliographies of public and private historical works, and there were more than 150 kinds excluding interpretations and commentary texts. (For language, see "Summary of General Catalog of Siku Quanshu").It can be seen from this that the only way to interpret the history of the Three Kingdoms is not to underestimate Yishi and love official history, but to pay attention to Chen's "Zhi" and Pei's "Notes".

Does that mean that "Chen Zhipei's Notes" and other relevant historical books have already concluded the history of the Three Kingdoms, so there is no need for future generations to comment?Obviously not.As far as written records are concerned, all history is contemporary history, which is not equivalent to the original history of the natural world or the development process of human society in a specific time and space.Original history always exists objectively, arises and dies instantly, and cannot be repeated. Once it is converted into a recorded narrative and commentary, no matter how close it is to the original form, it will always be branded subjectively, become endlessly alive, and can be repeated. "Chen Zhipei's Notes" is famous for its "good history", and it is also the contemporary history produced in their era, which cannot surpass this rule.Its pros and cons, its gains and losses, have already been pointed out a lot by Shiyan before, so it's not my turn to add Yuedan again.I just want to draw a point of view from it, that is, from now on, no matter who comes later, as long as they have evidence and make sense, they can re-examine and re-evaluate the history of the Three Kingdoms from a contemporary perspective, without having to Stick to existing expressions.During this period, it is true that there will be distinctions between positive and joking, true and false, but in terms of deductive form, there will be no day or end, and it is difficult to determine one.You can like it or you don't like it, but it's doomed not to allow it.There is no name for it and so on, let's just call it annotated history in general.

Like all other official histories in the biographical style, "Three Kingdoms" is based on people and events, and biographies are set up separately.The same thing is seen in the biography of different people, and the details and depths can be settled according to the points. It is often necessary to refer to each other and sort out the thread before you can understand the whole story.Chen Shou entered Wei from Shu, and was a minister of Jin when he wrote "Zhi". He described the history of the Three Kingdoms with Wei as the orthodox, and he had thoughts about Shu.It is unavoidable that personal experience is limited, omitted or biased.Pei Song later came to detachment, collected a lot of books, and in addition to judging doubts about Buque, he also punished false arguments, which is indeed extraordinary for the preservation of the historical events of the Three Kingdoms.However, there are many sloppy and complicated places in it, and future generations need to be careful to identify them when reading history.Coupled with the influence of the representative literary and artistic works, since ancient times and the present, history and literature have been mixed, and real images and idols have coexisted. To interpret the history of the Three Kingdoms, it is necessary to seek truth from history.This requires that when re-examining, from "Chen Zhipei's Notes" and related historical books, read "no" where there are words, read "yes" where there are no words, and read the historical mystery from the interrelationship between "existence" and "non-existence".The joints of the re-evaluation are mainly to clean up the source, wash away the white powder on Cao Cao's face, remove the halo on Liu Bei's head, remove the evil spirit of ink splashing for Zhuge Liang, invite Guan Yunchang to the man-made altar, and let Dongwu Yingjie reappear Majestic and heroic, Xu Sima and his son lingered with the light and shadow together.

Whether such a generalization is completely appropriate, I dare not judge, but there is some reason for self-confidence. After groping out these truths, I have experienced the life journey of familiarizing myself with the books in my youth, and getting involved in the study of the history and culture of the Three Kingdoms since my middle age.There is a special reason why I have been fond of it for a long time, that is, I am from Nanchong, Sichuan, and Chen Shou, the author of "Three Kingdoms", is my hometown sage (Anhan County, Brazil County, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is now Sichuan Province Nanchong City), I sincerely admire the sages.In the seventh year (297) of Yuankang, Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou passed away at the age of 65. I happen to live to be 65 this year, so it's time to do something to express my admiration.So Shen Qian worked hard, re-read the "Three Kingdoms" and "The History of the Three Kingdoms", and selected some of the texts related to the characters of the Three Kingdoms in the "Book of the Later Han" and "The Book of Jin", and then sorted out the principles explored over the years into a text, as a personal way of reinterpreting the history of the Three Kingdoms Outline, followed by writing.

Crap, the meaning here is to comment. The "Chinese Dictionary" explains: "Talk, mostly refers to endless talk." Usually, the so-called gossip, nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, and lies are more or less derogatory.However, it is not necessarily unserious to talk about the origins of all kinds, and to talk without borders.In my hometown in Nanchong, Sichuan, the folks in northern Sichuan used to call folk rap "Eighteen Trap", which is quite tolerant and lively.I named my personal interpretation of history, and I relied on it, and I didn’t intend to talk nonsense (if someone thinks that I am nonsense, I will respect his right to criticize, and at the same time respect my right to speak, just laugh it off, don’t give it away reply).I disdain joking, and I don't know how to make fun of it. I just want to express my opinion freely and come up with some opinions that can be established in my own expectations.The "Eighteen Talks" among folks in northern Sichuan may not always have eighteen questions or eighteen paragraphs, but when I said that the Three Kingdoms did select eighteen topics, I did not seek to be exhaustive, but only to see what I saw, which is different from it. the same.

Whether this is the case, whoever reads it knows. August 8, 2006 at Tamsui Xuan