Chapter 39 4. Why it is a false proposition

As we said earlier, whether a proposition is wrong or not is sometimes not in the proposition itself.Just looking at the words of King Huai of Chu, there is nothing wrong with it.This is just a very ordinary reward mechanism, just like a piece of pancake tied in front of the donkey's mouth, or a meat bun to lure the hounds to run, they are all bait thrown out to achieve a certain purpose.There is nothing wrong with this.But the problem is: if every donkey has pancakes hanging in front of its mouth, or if every hunting dog is tempted by meat buns, or if the distance between every hunting dog and meat buns is the same, then what is the difference between donkeys and dogs? Only then is it fair.That is to say, to judge whether a proposition is correct, we should not only look at the proposition itself, but also look at the antecedents of the proposition, the conditions for its introduction, and whether it embodies fairness.We can analyze it from the following aspects:

First of all, the introduction of this proposition is premised.This premise is Xiang Liang's death in battle.Because of Xiang Liang's death, Chu Huai Wang Xiong Xin had the opportunity to make this proposition.Xiong Xin was originally Xiang Liangli's puppet, playing the role of the spiritual leader of the rebel army. At that time, Xiang Liang was in charge of the army, or the one who really had the final say.Including Xiong Xin himself, everyone had to act according to Xiang Liang's face.The small team organized by Liu Bang himself, after being attacked by the Qin army, defected to Xiang Liang instead of Xiong Xin, which can also illustrate this point.But when Xiang Liang was there, everything remained the same.Now that Xiang Liang died, the hastily assembled team has no leader, and the situation has changed.Because of this, Xiong Xin saw a chance to stand up, so he rushed from Xutai to Pengcheng to supervise the battle, and walked to the front from the back.

Xiong Xin moved his capital to Pengcheng for a reason.Although he has no real power, his status is higher than Xiang Liang's in name. Now that Xiang Liang is dead, he naturally has the responsibility and obligation to come and control the overall situation.Furthermore, it was also because of fear, fearing that the rebel army would be wiped out, and he would be listed as the main war criminal and executed, so he came here to stabilize the morale of the army and prevent the team that had just been put together and was not yet stable from dispersing.Of course, the most important thing is that Xiong Xin still wants to take the opportunity to control the power in his own hands and get rid of the embarrassing situation of a puppet.

As for why, let's leave it alone for the time being, this is not a question to be discussed.The key is that after Xiong Xin arrived in Pengcheng, he did not sit idle, but carried out drastic political and military reforms.In the past, he was just a spiritual leader and did not lead the army. People didn't have a deep impression of him, at most they only heard of his name, so the first thing he had to do was to establish his prestige.Xiong Xin Liwei's means and measures are no different from those of all rulers in the world. They are two aspects: one is to seize power, and the other is to seal officials.It was this vigorous political reform that finally prompted the introduction of that false proposition.

Let's see how he reformed. Seizing power is seizing military power. The troops at that time were led by Lu Chen, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang.So Xiong Xin first "merged Lu Chen and Xiang Yu's army to generalize them", merged the two armies of Lu Chen and Xiang Yu, and unified them under his own command.The fact that Liu Bang was not merged was determined by the geographical factors at that time.Because Lu Chen and Xiang Yu's garrisons were around Pengcheng, one east and one west, it was easy to concentrate.However, Liu Bang's army was stationed in Dang County, which was relatively far away, and it was inconvenient to merge.

From this, we can also see that Xiong Xin's seizure of military power was relatively hasty, and there was no time for unified deployment.However, although Liu Bang was not merged, Xiong Xin also reorganized Liu Bang's troops, "taking Pei Gong as the head of Dang County", appointed Liu Bang as the chief of Dang County, and let him command the soldiers of Dang County.Don't underestimate this paper appointment, which is tantamount to fundamentally changing the nature of Liu Bang's team, and is tantamount to clarifying to Liu Bang the relationship between the leader and the led: From now on, I, King Huai of Chu, will be your boss.

Then came the official.After all, Chu State is now an independent political power, and it only takes a grass-roots team to support the appearance, so Xiong Xin named Lu Chen as Situ and his father Lu Qing as Lingyin.Liu Bang was granted the title of Marquis of Wu'an.Xiang Yu was enfeoffed as Marquis of Chang'an and named Duke of Lu.In this way, the relationship between the monarch and his ministers is clear, and Xiong Xin is no longer the original puppet, but the real monarch of Chu State. In this way, there is another premise for the introduction of the proposition: Xiong Xin is in power.If he is not in power, he will have no military command, and he will have no say in military deployment.Now that he is the top leader, he has the power to redeploy the military and has new ideas.In other words, the introduction of Xiong Xin's proposition has a certain degree of chance.

Second, the proposition was made hastily.In fact, it's okay to happen by chance, as long as it's right.However, there is another accident in the promulgation of the proposition, which makes the promulgation of the proposition extremely hasty. Xiong Xin became the actual leader of the Chu army. Apart from firmly controlling the general power, and then conferring officials and marquises to give people some sweetness, there was no new military strategy at the beginning, and there was no plan to carry out the next military action. In a state of rest, quietly watching the changes in the world.It was Zhao Guo's call for help later that finally led to the introduction of this proposition.It can be seen that this proposition is not a long-term plan made after long-term, sufficient demonstration and research.

Zhao Guo asked for help, but Xiong Xin didn't want to send troops at first.Because after the main force of the Qin army crossed the Yellow River north, the Chu army was temporarily out of the crisis and had a chance to take a break.It was only later that "Zhao Shu asked for help" and sent people to rush to the emergency time and again. King Huai of Chu considered again and again, such as all glory and humiliation, such as overall consideration, long-term planning, such as grasping the current situation, making correct decisions, and so on.Leave it to those who like to play advanced games and play strategies to add it.In short, it was precisely because of Zhao Guo's several calls for help that Xiong Xin made up his mind to send troops.

But now that he decided to send troops, Xiong Xin had another plan in the military, because saving Zhao was only to meet the brother troops, and marching into Guanzhong to overthrow the Qin Dynasty was the fundamental reason, so Xiong Xin decided to divide his troops into two ways: one way went north to rescue Zhao, and the other way Go west to Guanzhong.Come to a two-point promotion.Before setting off, Xiong Xin held a meeting with the generals, assigned tasks, and boosted the pressure, so there was the proposition that "the first to enter the pass is the king". Third, there are many unfair elements in the proposition.Since this proposition was formed in a hasty situation and introduced under the interference and influence of the outside world, it is doomed to have many loopholes and unfairness.Mainly reflected in four aspects:

First, it is unfair to Xiang Yu.Before this proposition was introduced, Xiong Xin had a series of political actions, the most prominent of which was the abolition of Xiang Yu's military power.Before Xiong Xin arrived in Pengcheng, Xiang Yu led a team alone, and the first thing Xiong Xin did after arriving in Pengcheng was to integrate Xiang Yu's and Lu Chen's armies under his own command.In this way, Xiang Yu no longer has independent command.Although Lu Chen also lost the command power, he was appointed as Situ and became the head of administration.As for Liu Bang, he not only still led his original team and was relatively independent, but also got further recognition and clarification.In other words, among the three main forces of the Chu army, Xiong Xin was the most harsh and unfair to Xiang Yu. And when the proposition was introduced, Xiang Yu was only appointed as Song Yi's second general, and went north with Song Yi to rescue Zhao.He is neither the top leader, nor has military command, nor is he taking the route to enter Guanzhong. How can he have the opportunity to enter Guanzhong first?Even if he entered, the credit would still belong to Song Yi, and it would not be his turn to be crowned king.It can be seen that King Huai of Chu made this agreement without taking Xiang Yu into consideration at all. Second, it is still unfair to Xiang Yu.Xiang Yu's ambition was to destroy Qin and avenge his uncle, so he didn't want to go north with Song Yi at first, but wanted to enter the pass with Liu Bang. The request was not approved by Bearheart.The reason for not being approved was that some veterans who followed Xiong Xin disagreed. They said to Xiong Xin, "Xiang Yu is a savage and cunning thief", and thought that he was reckless in handling things and had a strong personality, so he was not suitable for this job.He also cited several examples. For example, Xiang Yu "attempted to attack Xiangcheng, and there was nothing left in Xiangcheng. They were all killed, and all the mistakes were destroyed." stay, too cruel.In this way, Xiong Xin rejected Xiang Yu's request from a political standpoint. Objectively speaking, Xiang Yu's request was actually not too much, he just wanted to do the specific work of marching into Guanzhong, because he put on a very high posture and asked to be Liu Bang's deputy.Originally, when Xiang Liang was there, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang were at the same level, even higher than Liu Bang to a certain extent, because after all, Xiang Yu was a direct descendant, and now he is willing to be Liu Bang's deputy, just to enter Guanzhong and destroy Qin. In the heart of the public.And judging from the fact that Xiang Yu wanted to be Liu Bang's deputy, he didn't want to seize power or be the king of Guanzhong.Because as a deputy, even if you take down Guanzhong, the credit goes to Liu Bang, the top leader.In any case, Xiang Yu's idea of ​​entering Guanzhong was completely rejected.Then, that proposition becomes meaningless to Xiang Yu. Third, it is unfair to the generals. When talking about the situation at that time in "Historical Records", there is a sentence: "Qin Bing is strong, often taking advantage of victories to chase the north, and the generals Mo Li enters the pass first." The Qin army was very powerful at that time, and it was active in the military.Everyone thinks that entering the customs is not good.Having said that, Xiong Xin was clearly inclined to save Zhao in the distribution of troops: in addition to Liu Bang's own troops entering Guanzhong, Xiong Xin may have left some troops stationed in Pengcheng, and the rest of the troops will all go north to rescue Zhao.Moreover, the leader of this road is the "talent" Song Yi who he just discovered and trusted very much. He was appointed as the general, and his status is the same as that of Xiang Liang before.The second general is Xiang Yu, and the last general is Fan Zeng, with ample staffing.This shows that the situation at that time was not as the generals thought, and the hard bone was in the middle of the pass.At that time, the main force of the Qin army led by Zhang Han was in Zhaodi, and this is the main battlefield for tough battles in the future. Taking a step back, let’s talk about the route of entry regardless of the degree of difficulty.The way to attack Guanzhong is to go straight to Guanzhong, walking in a straight line, while the way to rescue Zhao is to go north and then west, taking a curve, and the premise is to fight a fierce battle first, and win it before you can rest and reorganize. Going west, Liu Bang's troops might have already entered the pass by then.What's more, whether the army going north to rescue Zhao can defeat the main force of the Qin army led by Zhang Han is still unknown, life and death are uncertain, and the future is uncertain. Take a step back and say that Guanzhong was difficult to fight at that time, but saving Zhao was easy. Since the troops were divided into two groups, it is also unfair to only stipulate that "the one who enters Guanzhong first is the king".Because the two armies have different work tasks, but set the same work goals, this incentive mechanism is also problematic. If everyone divides up their forces and marches towards the common goal of Guanzhong, then whoever takes down first, or whoever contributes the most, will be the king of Guanzhong, which is also fair.Even if the troops are divided into two groups and the goals of the march are different, it is fair to formulate different incentive mechanisms according to different goals, for example: the one who conquers Guanzhong is the king of Guanzhong, and the one who conquers Hebei (north of the Yellow River) is the king of Hebei, etc., which is fair.Only agreeing that "the one who enters the pass first is the king", which is obviously unfair to the generals who went north to rescue Zhao. Fourth, favor Liu Bang.This proposition is actually only aimed at two people, because the army is divided into two groups, and there are two generals. No matter which route advances through the pass, the king of Guanzhong can only be the leader.If Song Yi entered the pass first this way, it would never be his turn to make Xiang Yu the king of the pass, this is obvious.Even if the generals at the time thought that Guanzhong was not easy to fight, it was useless. Even if it was easy to fight, then the king of Guanzhong is not yours. It can only be produced between Liu Bang and Song Yi.Song Yi was already a general at that time, and his status was no worse than that of the king of Guanzhong. He didn't necessarily care too much about the position of the king of Guanzhong.At that time, Liu Bang was just a county magistrate and a marquis official. It is self-evident how attractive the king of Guanzhong was to him.In this way, the only beneficiary of this proposition is Liu Bang.The proposition of Xiong Xin seems to have been specially arranged for Liu Bang. In fact, Liu Bang thought so in his heart.Xiang Yu defeated Zhang Han and led the allied forces of the princes westward to Guanzhong. Liu Bang was also worried about it.During the Chu-Han War, when Guangwu confronted each other, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu negotiated before the battle, counting Xiang Yu's ten crimes, one of which said: "Xiang Yu has rescued Zhao, and he should repay the crime, but he robbed the princes and soldiers into the pass." That is to say, Xiang Yu, after you have completed the mission of saving Zhao, you should return to Pengcheng to report on the phased work, and you should not bring the coalition forces of the princes into the pass.In other words, entering the customs is not what Xiang Yu should do, but the work assigned to me, Liu Bang, and I, Liu Bang, are the only king of Guanzhong.It is precisely because of this that Liu Bang is so concerned about this proposition, and he is so worried about Xiang Yu's non-compliance with this proposition. It is obviously unfair for everyone to abide by a proposition formulated for one person.Since this proposition has so much unfairness, it is undoubtedly a bad false proposition that should not have been established.However, it has been brought forward in a real and serious manner, and has become an unshakable truth and the standard by which all other truths are measured.The incentive mechanism should be formulated to mobilize everyone or the enthusiasm of the vast majority of people. In fact, the original intention of this proposition should be the same, but it obviously fails to achieve this.Not only did it fail to do so, but it also lurked many hidden dangers of contradictions, which made it quickly become a fuse for the internal strife of the anti-Qin coalition forces after the Qin State was wiped out.