Chapter 17 Suddenly

⊙Kang Youwei's fourth concubine Taishioka Tsuruko is Japanese, 40 years younger than Kang, and was originally a servant of the Kang family in Japan.After marrying Kang, the two traveled all over famous mountains, but Crane secretly returned to Japan after becoming pregnant and gave birth to a daughter, Ayako.There are gossip that Lingzi is the crystallization of the son of Hezi and Kang Shengren. ⊙Du Yuesheng once mobilized and organized forces from all walks of life in Shanghai to subscribe for 75 million yuan of national salvation bonds, accounting for almost one-sixth of the total issuance.

⊙In 1921, Liang Qichao said in his speech "The Significance of the Revolution of 1911 and the Optimism of the Ten-Year Double Tenth Festival": "On the one hand, there are members of the Tongmenghui, assassinations, riots, and many heroic deeds with secret means; on the other hand, the provinces People from the constitutional faction in the Advisory Council petitioned, impeached, and carried out many mass movements by public means. This has been going on for several years, sacrificing the lives and properties of many people. Until today, ten years ago, by chance, they Unanimously, a kind of great joint movement was launched...the Republic of China, which we will always entrust, was born with great power."

⊙When Zhao Yuanren was studying in Nanjing, he was once addicted to smoking, drinking, masturbation and other bad habits.Later, he was forced to quit, and he often warned himself with the implication of his father's name: "Yuan Ren has a long way to go." As a result, he became the "father of Chinese linguistics". ⊙Yang Du saw two beggars arguing one day, and one of them sternly said: "Is there still the king's law today? It's all caused by the republic. If the emperor is resurrected, you people will not be allowed to run rampant like this. I can only pray every morning and evening God, give us another emperor." Yang Du was overjoyed, so he planned a farce of "beggar petition group".

⊙The central government sent Cai Hesen and Xiang Jingyu to Moscow together. They were accompanied by Li Lisan and Li Yichun from Hunan.In the cold Moscow, Li Yichun melted Cai Hesen's heart and "declared the disintegration of the Cai League". At the end of 1926, Cai Hesen and Li Yichun officially announced their marriage. ⊙Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Ballad: "Didn't it say that there are many stars in the sky? It is not as many as the soldiers of the Taiping Army! Isn't it that the kindness of heaven and earth is great? It is not as great as that of King Hu (Hong Xiuquan)!" This ballad belongs to the Yao nationality in Guangxi made by people.

⊙The ballad of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: "When the long-haired (Taiping Army) came, life was easy. The support (referring to the field) had to be divided, and the single paper (referring to the field deed) was lost; everyone was equal, and there were no rich households." ⊙At the beginning of 1932, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei cooperated again.Jiang said to Zhou Fohai: "You scolded Mr. Wang in the past, and now we have worked with him for a long time. You should talk to him more, ask him to clear up the past, and make good contact for me." "chief of staff".

⊙According to Count Witte, one of the Russian negotiators in the "Sino-Russian Secret Treaty" and the then Russian Minister of Finance, Count Witte, the secret treaty submitted by Czarist Russia to Li Hongzhang for signing was not the one that Li Hongzhang had seen in advance, but the one that the Russian staff took advantage of Li Hongzhang to sign. I dropped the bag while waiting for an opportunity to eat.He said: "It is our own violation of the agreement that has brought about the situation in the Far East today. It is a strange mixture of treachery and stupidity." ⊙The accusation that Prince Chun Yizhen used naval military expenses to build the Summer Palace for Empress Dowager Cixi comes from "Weng Tonghe's Diary".It is said in the diary: Prince Jin asked Prince Qing to tell Weng Tonghe and others to "forgive her difficulties" on the issue of building the Summer Palace for Empress Dowager Cixi.According to historical evidence, this "Bohai" is not the "Bohai Sea" where the Beiyang Fleet is active, but is the same as "Luanyang" in the next sentence, referring to a palace on the fortress called "White Sea", which means that Empress Dowager Cixi Build gardens in the nearest outskirts of Beijing, instead of running to the faraway fortress to build a palace.

⊙In "Cambridge History of the Republic of China", Tang Degang once talked about the funding of the revolution: "Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) is known as the president supported by the independent provinces, but no province has given him a penny. Even the opening expenses of the government are not It was borrowed by Zhang Jian who became the number one scholar but not an official." ⊙At 4:00 pm on March 24, 1895, after the third round of negotiations between Li Hongzhang and Ito Hirobumi in Shimonoseki, Japan, he returned to the post house in a sedan chair.On the way, the Japanese ronin Toyotaro Koyama suddenly jumped out and shot Li Hongzhang in the head.Li Hongzhang was shot in the left cheek and fell into a pool of blood.In a daze, Li did not forget to tell his entourage not to wash off the blood on the yellow jacket, saying: "This blood can serve the country!"

⊙Tang Degang said: "Yuan (Shikai)'s world was brought down by guns. Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang, Zhang Xun and others who helped him conquer the world in the past are all self-contained. Looking up at the yellow robe, each has his own selfishness. Slow down If he wants to be emperor, even if he maintains the presidency, he must always watch their faces." ⊙The first railway built by the Chinese—the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, let everyone remember Zhan Tianyou, but people didn’t know that Zhan Tianyou was the chief engineer and also handled road affairs at that time, and was appointed by Yuan Shikai. This railway It was also built by Yuan Shikai himself. In 1907, Yuan Shikai asked the imperial court to appoint Zhan Tianyou as the general office of the Hanyue-Sichuan Railway.

⊙After the signing of the "Twenty-one Articles", Hu Shi once said: "Our country has negotiated with Japan this time. It can be said that we know ourselves and the enemy, know how to be prudent, and can be indomitable, soft and tough. This is unprecedented in the history of diplomacy. .” ⊙Wu Zhihui said in the article "Prime Minister's Friendship" that Cheng Jiatun was "one of the most daring and reckless revolutionaries. In the third year of the Republic of China, he was deceived by Yuan Shikai and killed in Zhangyimen, Beijing." ⊙On July 31, 1911, the Central Headquarters of the Tongmenghui was established in Shanghai. On August 2, Tan Renfeng was elected as the chairman of the General Affairs Council.He said in the "Declaration on the Establishment of the Central Federation of the China Tongmenghui": "The person who named the Central Federation of the Tongmenghui took the Tokyo headquarters as the main body, and recognized the southern part as a friendly country, and the central part. Don't set it up for now, save it for the virtuous."

⊙In his memoirs, Yan Xishan once mentioned five kinds of people who encouraged Yuan Shikai to claim the title of emperor: one was the eldest son Yuan Keding, who wanted to establish a prince to inherit the great rule; The relatives of the Qing Dynasty are intended to promote Yuan's failure, so as to wait for an opportunity to restore; the fourth is the wings of the vice president Li Yuanhong, intending to trap Yuan in injustice so that Li can succeed as president; the fifth is Japan, Britain, and Russia, intending to promote China. In order to maintain their interests in China, they will fall apart and fall apart forever, so that they will remain impoverished and backward.

⊙ Regarding Zhu Zhuowen’s assassination of Liao Zhongkai, Taiwanese historian Li Dongfang held different opinions. He wrote in his book "The Complete Biography of Chiang Kai-shek": "Zhu Zhuowen never did it! He never ordered others to do it. It is true. " ⊙Prince Dun had the best chance of becoming emperor, because according to his mother Xiangguiren's expected date of delivery, he would be the "eldest son" of Emperor Daoguang.But Emperor Daoguang's other pregnant concubine, Quan concubine, was very scheming. She bought the imperial doctor and secretly prescribed oxytocin, and finally gave birth to her son Yiyu, who was later Emperor Xianfeng, before Concubine Xiang. ⊙After the death of Guangxu and Cixi, there were rumors of murder. On November 17, 1908, two days after Cixi's death, the "New York Times" published a comment denying this statement: "Rumors abound that the emperor and the empress dowager died of murder, but there is no sufficient evidence so far. They died unnaturally. The emperor had been suffering from illness for a long time, and had been in a weak state for the rest of his life. Empress Dowager Cixi, who shouldered the heavy responsibility of governing the country for many years, has been in poor health in recent months .After the Empress Dowager’s birthday celebration on Nov. 3, her lungs were congested and caused a high fever. The doctors who treated the emperor and the Empress Dowager said that both their bodies had been damaged by extreme weather.” ⊙According to the "Research on the Destruction of the Old Summer Palace": the British soldiers committed crimes in the north, and Gong Cheng, the son of Gong Zizhen, was their guide, saying: "The essence of Qing Dynasty is in the Old Summer Palace." When the capital fell, the British and French soldiers went straight to the Old Summer Palace. ⊙Before the fall of the Qing Dynasty, many government officials had cut off their braids. The main motivation was to regard braids as a bad habit, which hindered physical hygiene and movement.However, this also paved the way for the upsurge of braid cutting across the country in the early years of the Republic of China. ⊙Wang Xitong said in his diary that the month before Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor was full of crises.The generals have been waiting and watching, unwilling to contribute. "Inside, Duan Zhigui has a different embrace, and outside, Yan Baichuan (Yan Xishan) and Feng Huafu (Feng Guozhang) all make other claims." "!" ⊙After the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang called Yan Xishan, hoping that he could come to Xi'an to discuss plans to save the country.After receiving the call, Yan Xishan immediately held an emergency military and political meeting, saying: "Little Six (Zhang Xueliang) is too reckless, and his vitality has been seriously injured." He decided to support the Nanjing government, rescue Chiang Kai-shek, and condemned Zhang and Yang. ⊙After Yuan Shikai was dismissed from office, he lived in Huan Shang Village, Zhangde. Every time a student studying in Japan returned to China, he often made a detour to visit, and his house was often full of guests.Yuan will give them a certain amount of support according to their different talents.Therefore, Xu Zhiyan said in his notes: In those two years, the revolutionary party rose up almost every month, "all because of the evaporation power of Yuan's money." ⊙When Li Hongzhang resigned as the governor of Zhili, he handed over all the eight million taels of silver in his "small treasury" to his successor Wang Wenshao, and this huge sum of money later fell into the hands of Yuan Shikai. ⊙Sun Yat-sen once called himself the second Hong Xiuquan, and believed that Hong was "the first anti-Qing hero", so everyone called him "Hong Xiuquan".He also praised the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as "national heroes" and "old revolutionary parties". In 1902, Sun Yat-sen encouraged Liu Chengyu, a student studying in Japan, to write a history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In 1904, Liu Chengyu's "History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War" was completed, and Sun Yat-sen happily wrote a preface for it. ⊙In the notes of Li Hongzhang in February 1900, he mentioned his views on the Boxers: The Boxers opposed the so-called foreign devils. This kind of behavior is not beneficial to China but harmful to China. This view of mine has hardly left a deep impression on the Queen Mother .It is impossible to drive foreigners out, but the most important thing is that our country is poorer in many ways because of the withdrawal of foreigners.The last time I was in Beijing, I tried hard to make these points to the court.Her Majesty apparently tended to these at times. ⊙In September 1938, Hu Shi was appointed as the ambassador to the United States and cut off contact with the "low-key club". ⊙Wang Yunsheng has always adhered to an independent folk standpoint, criticizing not only the Kuomintang, but also the Communist Party. In November 1945, he published the editorial "Taking the CCP" and called for peace; the next day, "Xinhua Daily" published the editorial "On the State with Ta Kung Pao" to sternly refute it; in April of the following year, he published "The Shameful The "Battle of Changchun" editorial; "Xinhua Daily" was tit-for-tat, and published "Shameful Ta Kung Pao Editorial" two days later to fight back. ⊙November 4, 1903, Song Jiaoren, Liu Kuiyi, Zhang Ji, Zhang Shizhao, Hu Ying and others, in the name of attending Huang Xing’s 30th birthday party, set up Huang Xing as a President of the Huaxing Club.The Huaxing Association is a party organization mainly composed of fellow villagers from Hunan. The purpose of the association is to "drive out the Tartars and restore China".In order to avoid attracting the attention of the Qing government, Huaxing will use the name of Huaxing Company to issue shares and raise capital, claiming that it is setting up a mining industry. ⊙In July 1922, under the persuasion of English teacher Johnston, Puyi took the lead in cutting off the braids that he had accumulated for many years.Under the leadership of the little emperor, more than a thousand braids in the Forbidden City were all cut off. ⊙It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, Gu Weijun, Liang Hongzhi, Zhang Zuolin, Guo Songling, Feng Yuxiang, Sun Yat-sen, etc. have sent money to Shao Piaoping.Therefore, in the article "Ai Piaoping" published after Shao Piaoping's death, Hu Zhengzhi called Shao Piaoping's "misconduct".Guan Yixian also said in "A Brief History of Beijing Newspapers" that Shao Piaoping "did his best to support" political forces with his speeches, "so he gained huge benefits, tall buildings and four horses, and looked down on the newspaper industry." ⊙Among the wives and concubines of Prince Qing Yikuang, six of them were conferred Fujin, which exceeded the limit that the prince could only confer five Fujin under the Qing system. ⊙Prince Qing Yikuang has a bad reputation. People at the time said that his family was "small and big, and his family is like a market", and "he can save huge sums of money despite being extravagant". "The Times", "New York Times" and other media have also said that his home is the "market" of Chinese officialdom, and even the concierge has set up a "toll". Deposits above silver.At that time, Na Tong, the minister of military aircraft, was also ridiculed as "Qing Na Company" together with Yi Kuang because of greed for fame. ⊙Sai Jinhua said: "The streets in Beijing were too salty at that time, and the streets were full of excrement and urine, and no one cared about it. Foreigners hated it the most, so they gave an order to ask the merchants and residents to clean the section in front of the door. If there is a little If it is dirty, it will be punished first after being found out. Although their method is too powerful, the streets of Beijing have been cleaned up a lot. Later, when the Queen Mother returned to Beijing, she saw that the streets were neater and cleaner than before. I am very happy and praise the talents of foreigners.” ⊙In the last ten years of Prince Chun Yixuan's administration, compared with the first two decades of Prince Gong Yixin's administration, almost all reform measures have not been suspended, and in terms of infrastructure construction such as the navy, railways, and telecommunications, progress has been made More considerable progress, especially the successive establishment of provinces in Xinjiang and Taiwan, greatly strengthened the Qing government's control over the frontier provinces. ⊙The female army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom participated in the battle in the early days of the Taiping Army.After the capital was established in Tianjing, the female army was mainly engaged in daily labor such as picking bricks, carrying rice, and cutting rice, as well as preparing for war such as digging trenches and repairing cities, and basically no longer went to expeditions to fight. ⊙In 1867, the Qing government decided to send envoys abroad.Prince Gong Yixin did not take this seriously. He said: "Considering China's missions to foreign countries... the language is not yet proficient, and it is still difficult to rely on translation; it is difficult to choose the one who is both conservative and excellent. "Burman Burlingame, the first U.S. minister to China, took the opportunity to recommend himself, and he was accepted. ⊙Zhou Fohai and others wanted to negotiate peace with the Japanese, and said to Chen Gongbo: "The evaluation of history involves how the war situation will develop. It is very complicated, and it is not something we can settle down today. It is up to God to make things happen, and it is up to people to plan things. You have to pay a price and sacrifice if you want to do something.” Chen Gongbo said: “You all agree, what else can I say? But I always feel that this matter has not been considered. No matter what the outcome is, there is still a question of position. What's more, it involves the formation of another government. Is the Japanese side sincere in this? This matter must be cautious, and it is best to give up." ⊙ When Chiang Ching-kuo was studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, some people said he was a Trotskyite, which Chiang Ching-kuo himself admitted.He later recalled: "It happened that my views coincided with Trotsky's political thoughts, so many people thought I was a Trotsky sympathizer. In fact, their guesses were correct." ⊙Shao Piaoping, president of "Beijing News" and Lin Baishui, president of "New Society Daily", were both killed for offending Fengjun with their writing.Shao Piaoping died on April 26, 1926, and Lin Baishui was shot to death on August 6 of the same year, exactly one hundred days apart.At that time, the "Beijing News" once published a piece of news under the title of "Meeting by chance for a hundred days", which was apt and vivid, and was praised by the press as a genius pen. ⊙In 1908, Wu Peifu, who was still a small leader (battalion commander) at that time, wrote a letter to Xu Shichang, governor of the three eastern provinces, and put forward suggestions on border defense affairs, which was praised by Xu. ⊙Yang Siyi, a member of the Kuomintang, recalled: "Yuan Shikai is well aware of human feelings. In addition to threats, there are also temptations, and the matter can be completed." ⊙Chen Gongbo said: "Where Mr. Wang (Wang Jingwei) goes, I will follow. I don't want to stay in Sichuan, seeing people scolding Mr. Wang in front of me, and I don't want to be seen by others as Mr. Wang staying in the government spy." ⊙Du Yuesheng attaches great importance to children's education, not only strictly requires their studies, but also strictly prohibits them from smoking, gambling and prostitution.His son Du Weifan skipped a high school exam once and was severely slapped twice by him; his daughter Du Meiru did not do well in a foreign language test and was beaten several times with a whip. ⊙In 1934, Zhang Chonghe used the pseudonym of "Zhang Xuan" to apply for Peking University. As a result, he got full marks in Chinese and zero marks in mathematics.After some debate, the examination board admitted her. ⊙Yuan Shikai said in an interview with the "New York Times" reporter: "I have been looking forward to visiting the United States. Among all the countries I have never visited, the United States is the most attractive to me. This may be because there are many young people around me. Both were educated in the United States. But I feel that despite the obvious differences in the shape of our two governments, the United States is actually closer to our system than any other Western country. I have noticed that the American-educated The people of the Qing Dynasty can more easily apply the knowledge they have learned to our domestic management than those educated in Europe. And as far as I know, the basic rules of your government are also very similar to our government." ⊙In January 1929, Zhang Xueliang shot Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai to death in the Tiger Hall of the Daqing Building in the Shuai Mansion in Shenyang.At that time, people called this event "Yang Chang went away". ⊙Yue Fei believes that the Beiyang government is still alive.In his political blueprint, China's future "legal unified government" must be jointly formed by Sun Yat-sen in the south and Wu Peifu in the north, with one as a political leader and the other as a military leader.Join forces to conquer the world.Deng Zhongxia later recalled: Both Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao were in favor of this alliance. ⊙Yuan Shikai found out that the Queen of England held a birthday celebration. International friends celebrated on June 3, while family members celebrated on June 22, so he planned to follow suit.Yuan was born on August 20th in the ninth year of Xianfeng. After checking the perpetual calendar, it was September 16th in the Gregorian calendar.Therefore, Yuan stipulated that September 16 in the Gregorian calendar is the Chinese and foreign guests' congratulation day, and August 20 in the lunar calendar is the family celebration day. ⊙Tai Chi master Yang Chengfu, whose grandfather is Yang Luchan.The Yang family has always had the tradition of "seeing the red in the shot", that is, using long strength to throw the opponent ten feet away.Yang Chengfu competed swords with others in Wuhan, and used a bamboo sword to touch his wrist, but the opponent's sword fell and broke his arm.Chengfu felt very regretful, from then on he often put his hands in the sleeves of his robe, and refused to make a move easily, which is called virtue. ⊙Cen Chunxuan was outdated in his early thinking and hated the revolutionary party.After entering the Republic of China, some politicians took advantage of his influence and supported him as a leader. Since then, Cen has a new view on the revolutionaries.The Guomindang he formed was later merged with the Tongmenghui into the Kuomintang. ⊙Yuan Shikai has many children. He made full use of this rich resource to form a large number of children and relatives.Among them were Governor Wu Dacheng of Hunan, Governor Zhang Renjun of Liangjiang, Governor Duanfang of Zhili, Sun Baoqi who was the Prime Minister of the Republic of China, Lu Jianzhang who was the governor of Shaanxi, Li Yuanhong and Cao Kun who were the presidents of the Republic of China, and so on. ⊙There is an old saying that "the power of the flyover is all about talking but not practicing".In fact, it is wrong. The folk art of Tianqiao is divided into two categories: rappers and jugglers. ⊙When the people of the Republic of China talked about the benefits of the Hongxian period, they said that they were different from the Qing Dynasty in three points: one was to establish a constitution, the other was to abolish kneeling and worship forever, and the other was to never use eunuchs. ⊙James, President of the University of Illinois in the United States, stated in a memorandum to Roosevelt in 1906: "Which country can educate this generation of Chinese young people, which country can benefit from the efforts made in this regard Spiritual and commercial influences can bring back the greatest gains.” “Business follows spiritual dominance, which is more reliable than following military flags.” In 1909, the United States decided to return part of the boxer indemnity, which was used for running schools in China and sending students studying in the United States. ⊙In 1948, "Nanjing Daily" reported: "In the recent period, various parties have secretly heard that the government is very interested in the socialism currently implemented by the United Kingdom. When Foreign Minister Wang Shijie attended the meeting of the UN General Assembly, it was said that he would Go to England to study the methods they have implemented." The newspaper also said: "Our greatest needs today are, first, to end the civil war, second, to revive the countryside, and as for socialism, before the government fails to control the country and peace and order are not restored. , will never be implemented.” ⊙Zhang Taiyan once compared the 12-year warlord melee with Yuan Shikai's time in power, and gave the evaluation: "One crab is not as good as one crab." ⊙ The naval battle of Sino-Japanese War went so smoothly, even Japan did not expect it.Before the war, the Japanese General Staff made two worst-case plans: one was a small loss, and the army retreated to the main island of Japan, waiting for the Qing army to counterattack.The second is a big defeat. All Japanese soldiers and civilians retreated to Hokkaido, and even retreated to Siberia. ⊙August 19, 1922, Yuefei sent a secret letter to Wu Peifu: General Wu Peifu personally: Mr. General, we all watch you with special attention and sympathy. You are good at combining the thoughtfulness of a philosopher with the sophistication of a statesman And the wisdom of a genius military strategist rolled into one. ⊙Du Yuesheng once spent 100,000 yuan to build a "Pudong Du's Library" in his hometown of Pudong, with a school attached. ⊙In his later years, Du Yuesheng took out all kinds of IOUs written to him by others over the years, burned them all, and warned future generations not to recover the remaining debts.Among them, Wang Xinheng alone owed Du Yuesheng 500 gold bars, which was not the most. ⊙After the fall of Shanghai, Du Yuesheng stayed in the concession for a period of time as the head of the anti-enemy support association from all walks of life in the city.He also spent huge sums of money to buy a lot of progressive books such as "Westward Journey" and "The Complete Works of Lu Xun", stamped them with gold letters "gifted by Du Yuesheng", and gave them to major libraries in the concession. ⊙Before Prince Gong Yixin died, Emperor Guangxu asked him how he would evaluate his teacher, Weng Tonghe, then Minister of the Household Department.Prince Gong replied without hesitation that Weng Tonghe was a sinner of the country, "the so-called gathering of iron from Kyushu cannot cast such a wrongdoer." ⊙(1901) Before Li Hongzhang died, the Russian minister came to Li Hongzhang's sickbed with documents and asked Li Hongzhang to sign the Sino-Russian treaty. The reporter of "New York Times" sent back a report from Beijing the day after Li Hongzhang's death. The title was "Li's death was due to a dispute with diplomats", and the subtitle was: Hevomited blood after a heated argument with the Russian minister.The report said: "Beijing, November 9th: Intense dispute with Russian Minister Resal over the Manchurian Treaty, which directly led to Li Hongzhang's death."