Chapter 15 My Friend Hu Shizhi: Hu Shi's Circle
Around 1924, Peking University professors were divided into two factions and attacked each other. One faction took "Modern Review" as its front, mainly including Hu Shi, Chen Xiying, Xu Zhimo, Tao Menghe, Jiang Tingfu, etc., and the other took "Yusi" as its front and Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang, Yu Dafu and others are the main ones.Lin Yutang recalled: When these two weekly magazines had a debate about the Ministry of Education and Women's Normal University, it was really thrilling.However, Lin also said: In fact, it was just the hostility between Lu Xun and Chen Xiying. "We are all good friends of Mr. Shizhi."
Birthplace: Jixi, Anhui
Birth and death years: December 17, 1891 ~ February 24, 1962
Graduate school: China Public School, Cornell University, Columbia University; there are more than 30 doctorates in his life, but only one is obtained by examination
Identity 1: Professor of Peking University, Principal of Shanghai Chinese Public School, Principal of Peking University
Identity 2: Fellow of "New Youth", leader of the New Culture Movement, pioneer of Chinese liberalism
Identity Three: Senator of the National Defense Council of the Nationalist Government, Chinese Ambassador to the United States
Marriage: Arranged marriage with Jiang Dongxiu, love affair with Wei Liansi and Cao Peisheng
Main achievements: Initiated the Vernacular Movement, an important promoter and leader of the New Culture Movement, published the first collection of vernacular poetry in China, and wrote the "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy" with Western methods
Famous quote: Boldly assume, carefully verify; if you are a pawn in crossing the river, you can only go forward desperately
Birthplace: Beijing
Birth and death years: January 6, 1903 ~ November 3, 1987
Status: theoretical critic, writer, translator, university professor
Proud work: Completed the translation of "The Complete Works of Shakespeare" alone; left more than 20 million words of literary creation
Controversy: He once had constant pen battles with left-wing writers such as Lu Xun, and has the evil posthumous posthumous title of "the lackey of a bereaved capitalist"
Marriage: I have been married twice and are very happy
Regrets in my life: I didn’t read too many books; I didn’t have a deep friendship with many great scholars, and those people have become ancients in a blink of an eye; I owe the friendship of those who helped him;
Ding Wenjiang (1887～1936): Born in Taixing, Jiangsu, a geologist and one of the founders of China's geological undertakings, he and Hu Shi successively founded "Effort Weekly" and "Independent Review". He is known as "academic politician" known as.
Luo Ergang (1901～1997): Born in Guixian County, Guangxi, historian, expert in the study of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom history, student of Hu Shi when he was in a Chinese public school.
Yin Haiguang (1919-1969): Born in Huanggang, Hubei, a philosopher and logician, graduated from Southwest Associated University, studied under Jin Yuelin, and later went to Taiwan. He is considered an important successor of Hu Shi's liberalism.Famous scholars Li Ao and Chen Guying were all his students.
Lin Yutang (1895-1976), born in Longxi, Fujian, was a writer and scholar.Graduated from St. John's University in Shanghai, studied at Harvard, and taught at Peking University after returning to China. He was a contributor to "Yusi" and a representative writer of the "Analects of Confucius". After settling in Taiwan, he wrote a lot in his life.
Shen Congwen (1902-1988), born in Fenghuang County, Hunan Province, was a writer, a representative figure of Beijing School novels, and an expert in the study of historical relics.Born in the army, he began to create literature in his twenties. He is one of the most outstanding novelists in the Republic of China.
Zhao Yuanren (1892～1982), a native of Wujin, Jiangsu, was born in Tianjin.Graduated from Cornell University, linguist, researcher and director of the language group of the Institute of Historical Linguistics of the Academia Sinica, together with Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, and Wang Guowei, he is also known as the four mentors of Tsinghua University. After 1938, he taught in the United States for a long time.
Tao Xingzhi (1891-1946), a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, an educator, studied at Columbia University, studied under Dewey, founded Xiaozhuang School, etc., and proposed that "life is education", "society is school", "teaching and cooperation 1"Three propositions.
Zhang Jiluan (1888-1942), born in Zouping, Shandong, served as Sun Yat-sen's secretary, and was one of the most famous newspapermen in the Republic of China. "Four Nos Principles for Running a Newspaper.
⊙On May 13, 1922, a proposal drafted by Hu Shi and jointly signed by 16 people including Cai Yuanpei and Li Dazhao: "First, we demand a 'constitutional government'; second, we demand an 'open government' ; and third, we demand a 'planned politics'".In September of that year, Wang Chonghui was the acting prime minister, and Luo Wengan and Tang Erhe served as the chief ministers of finance and education. They formed a "good man government" and existed for 72 days. ⊙Fu Sinian’s name is Meng Zhen. After Fu’s death, Hu Shi wrote to Mrs. Fu, saying: “He (Fu) has a deeper study than me, and reads many more ancient Chinese books than I do, but he always writes to me as a ‘student’ , Thirty years have been like a day. When we meet, we often "raise the pole" and debate, but if someone attacks me, Meng Zhen will stand up to defend me. He often said: "You are not worthy of scolding Mr. Shizhi!" It means that only he himself is worthy of scolding me." ⊙Luo Ergang used to do historical research with Hu Shi, and stayed at Hu Shi’s house for many years. Someone asked Luo: “Who is Hu Shi’s most respected friend?” Luo replied hesitantly: “Maybe it’s Ding Wenjiang? Because he called Ding Wenjiang his eldest brother. He asked Hu Shi who the most important student was, and Luo immediately answered, "Fu Sinian." ⊙Jiang Tingfu asked Ding Wenjiang: "What good results will these soldiers get in politics?" Ding shook his head and said, "Tingfu, you don't understand soldiers. I can tell you that if any of them has your level of education, They can, and definitely can, contribute more to the country than you can." ⊙Ding Wenjiang, known as "a conclusionist", means that he always has his own conclusions when he encounters problems, and once he forms a conclusion, it is difficult to change it.Ding Wenjiang didn’t like seafood since he was a child, so he never ate shark’s fin or abalone all his life; he absolutely didn’t believe in Chinese medicine. Once he visited Guizhou, Ding and his entourage fell ill. There was only Chinese medicine in the local area, but no western medicine. Ding sent a telegram to Guizhou to ask for a western doctor , would rather die than accept the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. ⊙In 1929, Hu Shi published articles such as "Human Rights and the Constitution" and "When Will We Have a Constitution", which offended the national government authorities and was forced to resign from the post of Chinese public school principal. He lived at home and seldom interacted with friends.Later, when Hu Shi left Shanghai for Beijing, no one came to see him off. Only a student representative sent by the Chinese public school took a photo and left in a hurry.When getting off the bus, there was no one to meet him at the station. What was heartwarming was that the student Fu Sinian had already prepared a sumptuous meal at home to greet the teacher. ⊙Jiang Zehan is the pioneer of Chinese topology, and was the dean of the Department of Mathematics of Peking University in the 1930s.Jiang was Hu Shi's brother-in-law. The leftist students hated Hu Shi, and even this brother-in-law who hated Hu Shi would drop his class every now and then. ⊙From the end of July 1919, Jiang Menglin acted as the principal of Peking University. One day, Hu Shi saw Jiang, and Jiang said: "The education circle in Beijing is like a good woman. Those who oppose us want to rape us, and those who help us want to rape us." And rape us." Hu Shi corrected: "Menglin, you are wrong, the education circle in Beijing is a prostitute, if you have money, you can talk, if you have money, you don't have to talk." ⊙Once, Xu Zhimo, Liang Shiqiu and others found Hu Shi's diary in Hu Shi's study. When several people were peeping proudly, Hu Shi went upstairs and said with a smile: "How can you peek at my diary?" ?” Then he said very seriously, “I have died in my life, and this diary will be the only bequest I leave to my sons, and of course it will not be published until several years later.” ⊙Hu Shi often witnesses marriages.Once at a wedding banquet, the host only prepared a jug of wine for each table, and the wine was finished after a round. Hu Shi asked the waiter to add more wine.After hearing this, Hu Shi took out a dollar from his body and handed it to the waiter, saying: "It's not about the bride and groom. It's because our friends are happy today. We want to have a few more drinks. Get some wine quickly." ⊙Once Xu Zhimo brought a thick German "pornographic book" with rich pictures and texts, and circulated it to everyone. Hu Shi suddenly made a surprising statement: "This kind of thing is all at a glance, and it is not interesting enough." I have seen a picture. I remember who wrote it, a bed with a hibiscus curtain hanging down, a pair of men’s shoes on the ground, a pair of red embroidered shoes, and a cat squatting in front of the bed looking up at the tent hook. It’s a bit reserved.”Everyone was surprised to hear that Mr. Hu also has such hobbies! ⊙When Yin Haiguang was studying at Southwest Associated University, he once scolded Hu Shi: "Hu Shi doesn't understand any philosophy at all!" Decades later, Yin took over Hu Shi's "class" and became a banner of liberalism. ⊙At a meeting at Hu Shi's home, Xu Zhimo took out something from his sleeve to show others as soon as he entered the door. It turned out to be a small wooden coffin, about four or five inches long, with bright red paint.Opening the lid of the coffin, there were dozens of cigarettes inside. Xu took out the cigarettes and handed them to everyone to smoke one by one. ⊙In the face of the national crisis, Hu Shi was appointed as the ambassador to the United States by the Kuomintang government. On the same day, Hu wrote in his diary: "21 years of independent and free life, starting today, sacrificed for the country." ⊙In 1919, Lin Yutang took his newlywed wife to study in the United States. Because he didn’t have much savings, he even had a can of oatmeal for a week when he was the poorest.Lin once telegraphed twice to Hu Shi in China, asking Hu Shi to borrow money from Peking University and send it over, one thousand yuan each time.Later, when Lin came back from studying abroad, he went to see the principal Jiang Menglin and thanked Jiang for the two thousand yuan. Jiang was surprised and asked, "What two thousand yuan?" ⊙ Around 1924, Peking University professors were divided into two factions, attacking each other. One faction took "Modern Review" as its front, mainly including Hu Shi, Chen Xiying, Xu Zhimo, Tao Menghe, Jiang Tingfu, etc., and the other took "Yusi" as its front. Mainly Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang, Yu Dafu, etc.Lin Yutang recalled: When these two weekly magazines had a debate about the Ministry of Education and Women's Normal University, it was really thrilling.However, Lin also said: In fact, it was just the hostility between Lu Xun and Chen Xiying. "We are all good friends of Mr. Shizhi." ⊙Lin Yutang graduated second in middle school, and also in second place when he went to church university. Lin concluded: "I believe that if I work hard on my homework, it will not be difficult to win the championship, but I don't do it... I have been They don’t want to be number one.” ⊙Lin Yutang claimed that he "reads everything", and was extremely curious about everything. "He has a proud view of women's clothes, can openers, and chicken eyelids." ⊙Lin Yutang was born in a church family and went to a church university, so his foundation in ancient knowledge is not very good.When I first entered Tsinghua University as a teacher, I felt that my Chinese was too poor, so I learned Beijing dialect by studying, and I often went to Liulichang second-hand bookstalls to learn about Wang Guowei's works for the first time. ⊙After the Feng Clan entered Beijing, Lin Yutang left Peking University and went south to join the Wuhan Revolutionary Government and served as the secretary of Foreign Minister Chen Youren.However, after only less than half a year, he resigned. Lin said: I am a herbivore, not a carnivore. I am good at managing myself, but not good at managing others, so I must abandon politics and leave. ⊙Lin Yutang advocated humor and was known as the "Master of Humor", but Lin thought he was not a top-notch humorist, but the first one who called everyone to pay attention to humor in a "country full of fake Taoism but extremely lacking in humor".There is a famous joke, the copyright of which is Lin Yutang's: "The ideal life of world harmony is to live in the English countryside, the house is installed with American water, electricity, gas and other pipes, there is a Chinese cook, a Japanese wife, and a French wife. mistress." ⊙In the late 1920s, Wang Yunwu edited the citizen series in a small-scale citizen bookstore, determined to overthrow the country's largest publishing organization, the Commercial Press.However, Wang's dream had not yet come true. In 1930, recommended by Hu Shi, Wang joined the Commercial Press as the general manager, bringing the business to its heyday. ⊙Hu Shi often had to meet people he didn't know at all, and Hu arranged to meet them all on Sunday morning, calling it "worship". ⊙When Hu Shi worked at the China Education and Culture Foundation, he made a plan to translate the complete works of Shakespeare, and found five people to translate together: Wen Yiduo, Xu Zhimo, Chen Xiying, Ye Gongchao, and Liang Shiqiu.But after several others tried for a while, they found it too difficult and gave up. Only Liang Shiqiu persevered, and it took nearly forty years to finally complete this huge project. ⊙When Liang Shiqiu was the editor-in-chief of "New Moon", he published many articles by Hu Shi on the issue of "human rights" in a row, which caused a lot of interference from many forces. Sometimes the magazine was "confiscated and burned by order" as soon as it was published.In a certain issue, Liang edited and distributed Hu Shi's "New Culture Movement and the Kuomintang". After the news spread, the Secretary-General of the Chinese Public School came to him personally and asked Liang to withdraw the manuscript. Liang, who has always been gentle, flatly refused: "Unless it is Mr. Hu asked to withdraw it himself, but it is difficult for me to do so." So he sent it without error. ⊙Shen Congwen taught the history of Chinese novels at Southwest Associated University. There were very few students, only six or seven of them listened. ⊙Shen Congwen's grandfather used to be the admiral of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty, and his father was a military officer. After the Republic of China, he ran for Hunan Provincial Councilor. He failed to assassinate Yuan Shikai and was forced to flee to the Northwest under his identity. ⊙It is said that when Shen Congwen pursued Zhang Zhaohe, Hu Shi, the principal, made a match for him. Luo Ergang retorted: "Zhang Zhaohe and I were in the same class, and we also chose a "Shuowen" with only seven candidates, but we never said a word, let alone Hu Shi, who is the principal, introduced the relationship between teachers and students! There is absolutely no such thing.” Someone went to Zhang Zhaohe himself to verify, but Zhang was noncommittal, just smiled and said: “There is such a statement in the newspaper.” ⊙Shen Congwen recalled that when he was a child, several "reward and punishment laws" were established among elementary school students: those who run away from enemies will be fined a penny; Reward two articles of money; those who are challenged by the two sentences of being scolded by others but dare not do it will be fined two articles of money. ⊙When Shen Congwen first arrived in Beijing, he was poor and unknown, with no source of income, and lived in a small rented room with no heating in winter. Shen called it a "narrow and moldy small studio". ⊙In the famous article "An Open Letter to a Literary Youth", Yu Dafu proposed three ideas for the impoverished Shen Congwen: the best strategy is to find a job, or go to the revolution, to make bombs; the middle strategy is to go home The worst policy is to either become a soldier or become a thief, and it is suggested to steal from Xiong Xiling, a wealthy relative of the Shen family. ⊙It is said that when Liang Shiqiu was teaching in a public school in China, once Hu Shi invited him to drink flowers and wine. Everyone else had a girl they liked, but Liang was "embarrassed", so Hu Shi had to call a girl instead.After eating a meal, Liang didn't even dare to take a look at what the girl looked like. After returning home, Liang reported to his wife and concluded: "Buying a smile is a painful experience." ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, Lao She and Liang Shiqiu talked about cross talk together at the fundraising party for laborers. For two consecutive nights, they took turns to play the top cards.Before the performance, Liang Shiqiu repeatedly reminded Lao She: When the performance reaches the point of beating the head with a folding fan, it must only be "slightly gesticulating rather than actually beating".Lao She only agreed.When he was performing on stage, Lao She didn't know whether he was excited or intentional, so he swung his big folding fan and hit Liang's forehead hard, just in time to knock Liang's glasses off. Liang quickly reached out to catch it, and the audience immediately cheered. , Shouting "one more time". ⊙Liang Shiqiu was in class at Beijing Normal University, telling students a poem by Burns (British poet Burns), full of sentimental feelings.A girl burst into tears when she heard it, and when it came to the tragic point, the female student simply fell to her desk and burst into tears.The son asked Liang Shiqiu: "Do you feel sorry?" Liang Shiqiu replied: "No. Burns should feel sorry." ⊙After the July 7th Incident, Liang Shiqiu cried bitterly, and said to his eldest daughter: "Son, the sesame seed you will eat tomorrow is the sesame seed of the subjugated slave." ⊙Peking University was established, in addition to ordinary professors, there are also honorary professors and research professors. In 1934, when Liang Shiqiu first came to Peking University as the head of the Department of Foreign Languages, he was only in his early thirties and was hired as a research professor, which caused dissatisfaction among some people.Once, someone deliberately said loudly in front of many people: "I am a professor who has neither reputation nor research!" ⊙When Yang Zhensheng was the president of Qingdao University, he invited Hu Shi to give a speech at the school.Unexpectedly, when the ship arrived, the wind and waves were too strong to go ashore. Hu sent a telegram to Yang, saying: "Wan is in the middle of the water." " ⊙In May 1930, under the pressure of the government, Hu Shi resigned as the principal of the Chinese public school and was replaced by Ma Junwu. Hu Shi said: "Mr. Ma is the secretary-general of the Sun Yat-sen League, and he has a high status. It's just that he has a bad temper. The sole of the shoe slapped Song Jiaoren. He didn’t want to trust people, he had to catch everything by himself, and he didn’t even worry about emptying the spittoon, so he had to look at it. If he didn’t want to trust people, people wouldn’t dare to take responsibility; It won’t work.” Sure enough, after Ma took over as the principal for only a month or two, the students made a fuss and Ma was kicked out. ⊙In July 1926, Ling Shuhua and Chen Xiying got married in Beijing. Ling was a budding female writer, and Chen Ze was already a professor at Peking University and a famous literary critic.After they got married, the two used their own study rooms, and any novels Ling wrote were kept "secret" from Chen, and Chen did not show them to Ling after they finished writing. ⊙In 1946, after Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang agents in Kunming, Tao Xingzhi’s name also appeared on the assassination blacklist. Friends reminded him to be careful, and Tao firmly said: “I will wait for the third gun!" ⊙When Zhao Yuanren and Yang Buwei got married, the notice to their relatives and friends read: When you received this news, we were married at 3 o'clock in the afternoon on June 1, 1921 at the mean solar standard time of 120 degrees east longitude; Except for two exceptions, congratulatory gifts are absolutely not accepted; the first exception is letters, poems or music scores, etc., and the second exception is donations to the Chinese Science Society.Hu Shi, as the witness of the marriage, gave a gift of an annotated book written by Hu Shi. ⊙Tao Xingzhi advocated education for the common people. In 1927, he founded Xiaozhuang Normal School in Nanjing. He acted as the principal and managed the students with "part-time work and part-study". Work hard on the millet".The headmaster Tao himself took the lead. He wore long gowns during get out of class and blue cloth clothes after class, and went to the fields with the students to do farm work. ⊙In 1944, Wang Yunsheng, editor-in-chief of "Ta Kung Pao", gave a speech at Yenching University, and warned everyone: If you are convicted of telling the truth, you will be "caught in the execution ground, grab the pigtail, and when the steel knife slams and clicks, boy, you To be a good man and a good reporter is to keep silent and hold back through clenched teeth.” ⊙When Tao Xingzhi was studying in the United States, he lived in the same dormitory with Sun Yat-sen’s eldest son, Sun Ke; a year later, he transferred to the American pragmatist educationist Dewey. Dewey was Hu Shi’s teacher, so he and Hu Shi became brothers again.But Tao Xingzhi couldn't get used to these two people. He said he looked down on two classmates the most: one was Hu Shi, who relied on foreigners for his living; ⊙At a banquet, Hu Shi praised Guo Moruo a few words, and Guo heard it from the side, so he came over specially and kissed Hu on the face to express his gratitude. ⊙Chenning Yang was very famous when he was a student at Southwest Associated University. He was a genius in the Department of Physics. One day, Yang chatted with another genius, Huang Kun. Huang asked, "Einstein published another article recently, have you read it?" Yang said he saw it, and Huang asked what he thought of it. Yang waved his hand in disdain, and replied: "There is no originality (innovation), it must be old-fashioned." ⊙Before the start of a small newspaper in Shanghai, the editor-in-chief Zhang Danfu wrote a letter to Hu Shi, asking this famous person to write an article for the start issue to support the scene.Hu Shi replied politely and said: "I should obey your letter, but I am busy at this time. If I have time, I will send it in a small text. When "Little Daily" is published, please send me a copy." The editor-in-chief sent this letter The letter appeared on the front page of the inaugural issue. ⊙Hu Shi advocated writing new poems instead of old ones, and was ridiculed from all sides.Zhang Danfu, the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Jingbao, said that Hu Shi could not write old poems well, so he advocated writing new poems in order to teach those who could write old poems better than him how to write new poems.Zhang Henshui said that the new poems are "dry and dry vegetables that are hard to chew in the mouth", "neither fragrant nor colorful, not clear, not beautiful, neither sweet nor spicy, not worth seeing". ⊙Many literati have a taste for elegance. Zheng Yimei, the "filler king", is keen on collecting celebrity rulers, folding fans, seals, famous thorns, ancient coins, etc. "Crystal News" editor Zhang Danfu likes to collect ancient mirrors, and Yuan Hanyun collects ancient vases, ancient coins, and ancient seals and ancient jade.Once, when Yuan Hanyun serialized the novel "Xin Bing Secret Garden" in "Jingbao", he suddenly stopped writing halfway. It turned out that he had taken a fancy to a pottery vase in Zhang Danfu's collection. Zhang refused to transfer it, so Yuan Hanyun threatened to suspend the serialization. In the end, Zhang Dan had no choice but to admit defeat. ⊙Zhang Yiping was a poor talent when he was young, Hu Shi looked at him poorly and took good care of him, so Zhang Yiping's catchphrase is "My friend Hu Shizhi".It was the first time he went to the art school to teach others, and he said, "Chen Gongbo, Zeng Zhongming, Hu Shi, and Zhou Zuoren are all my very good friends!" ⊙In September 1926, Zhang Jiluan began to write the "Ta Kung Pao" and put forward the famous "four nos" policy - "no party, no selling, no selfishness, and no blindness". ⊙In April 1930, Hu Shi wrote to Yang Xingfo, saying, "I have been scolded for ten years, and I never resent those who scolded me. Sometimes they scolded me inappropriately, but I was anxious for them. Sometimes they scolded too much , against the personalities of those who insult and scold me, I am restless to replace them." ⊙Hu Shi reformed and criticized traditional Chinese ugly phenomena such as "stereotyped essays, women with small feet, eunuchs, concubines, big families living together for five generations, and courts with sticks and sticks".Gu Hongming, on the other hand, maintained his old ways and argued one by one. He compared a teapot to a husband, and a teacup to a wife. Spitting everywhere is a manifestation of Chinese people's emphasis on spiritual life." ⊙When Mei Lanfang visited the United States, an old American lady was very obsessed with it and would attend every show.After a performance, she found Mei Lanfang, took Mei's hand and admired her, saying, "What beautiful hands! Why do you have to cover them up with your sleeves during the performance?"
⊙On May 13, 1922, a proposal drafted by Hu Shi and jointly signed by 16 people including Cai Yuanpei and Li Dazhao: "First, we demand a 'constitutional government'; second, we demand an 'open government' ; and third, we demand a 'planned politics'".In September of that year, Wang Chonghui was the acting prime minister, and Luo Wengan and Tang Erhe served as the chief ministers of finance and education. They formed a "good man government" and existed for 72 days. ⊙Fu Sinian’s name is Meng Zhen. After Fu’s death, Hu Shi wrote to Mrs. Fu, saying: “He (Fu) has a deeper study than me, and reads many more ancient Chinese books than I do, but he always writes to me as a ‘student’ , Thirty years have been like a day. When we meet, we often "raise the pole" and debate, but if someone attacks me, Meng Zhen will stand up to defend me. He often said: "You are not worthy of scolding Mr. Shizhi!" It means that only he himself is worthy of scolding me." ⊙Luo Ergang used to do historical research with Hu Shi, and stayed at Hu Shi’s house for many years. Someone asked Luo: “Who is Hu Shi’s most respected friend?” Luo replied hesitantly: “Maybe it’s Ding Wenjiang? Because he called Ding Wenjiang his eldest brother. He asked Hu Shi who the most important student was, and Luo immediately answered, "Fu Sinian." ⊙Jiang Tingfu asked Ding Wenjiang: "What good results will these soldiers get in politics?" Ding shook his head and said, "Tingfu, you don't understand soldiers. I can tell you that if any of them has your level of education, They can, and definitely can, contribute more to the country than you can." ⊙Ding Wenjiang, known as "a conclusionist", means that he always has his own conclusions when he encounters problems, and once he forms a conclusion, it is difficult to change it.Ding Wenjiang didn’t like seafood since he was a child, so he never ate shark’s fin or abalone all his life; he absolutely didn’t believe in Chinese medicine. Once he visited Guizhou, Ding and his entourage fell ill. There was only Chinese medicine in the local area, but no western medicine. Ding sent a telegram to Guizhou to ask for a western doctor , would rather die than accept the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. ⊙In 1929, Hu Shi published articles such as "Human Rights and the Constitution" and "When Will We Have a Constitution", which offended the national government authorities and was forced to resign from the post of Chinese public school principal. He lived at home and seldom interacted with friends.Later, when Hu Shi left Shanghai for Beijing, no one came to see him off. Only a student representative sent by the Chinese public school took a photo and left in a hurry.When getting off the bus, there was no one to meet him at the station. What was heartwarming was that the student Fu Sinian had already prepared a sumptuous meal at home to greet the teacher. ⊙Jiang Zehan is the pioneer of Chinese topology, and was the dean of the Department of Mathematics of Peking University in the 1930s.Jiang was Hu Shi's brother-in-law. The leftist students hated Hu Shi, and even this brother-in-law who hated Hu Shi would drop his class every now and then. ⊙From the end of July 1919, Jiang Menglin acted as the principal of Peking University. One day, Hu Shi saw Jiang, and Jiang said: "The education circle in Beijing is like a good woman. Those who oppose us want to rape us, and those who help us want to rape us." And rape us." Hu Shi corrected: "Menglin, you are wrong, the education circle in Beijing is a prostitute, if you have money, you can talk, if you have money, you don't have to talk." ⊙Once, Xu Zhimo, Liang Shiqiu and others found Hu Shi's diary in Hu Shi's study. When several people were peeping proudly, Hu Shi went upstairs and said with a smile: "How can you peek at my diary?" ?” Then he said very seriously, “I have died in my life, and this diary will be the only bequest I leave to my sons, and of course it will not be published until several years later.” ⊙Hu Shi often witnesses marriages.Once at a wedding banquet, the host only prepared a jug of wine for each table, and the wine was finished after a round. Hu Shi asked the waiter to add more wine.After hearing this, Hu Shi took out a dollar from his body and handed it to the waiter, saying: "It's not about the bride and groom. It's because our friends are happy today. We want to have a few more drinks. Get some wine quickly." ⊙Once Xu Zhimo brought a thick German "pornographic book" with rich pictures and texts, and circulated it to everyone. Hu Shi suddenly made a surprising statement: "This kind of thing is all at a glance, and it is not interesting enough." I have seen a picture. I remember who wrote it, a bed with a hibiscus curtain hanging down, a pair of men’s shoes on the ground, a pair of red embroidered shoes, and a cat squatting in front of the bed looking up at the tent hook. It’s a bit reserved.”Everyone was surprised to hear that Mr. Hu also has such hobbies! ⊙When Yin Haiguang was studying at Southwest Associated University, he once scolded Hu Shi: "Hu Shi doesn't understand any philosophy at all!" Decades later, Yin took over Hu Shi's "class" and became a banner of liberalism. ⊙At a meeting at Hu Shi's home, Xu Zhimo took out something from his sleeve to show others as soon as he entered the door. It turned out to be a small wooden coffin, about four or five inches long, with bright red paint.Opening the lid of the coffin, there were dozens of cigarettes inside. Xu took out the cigarettes and handed them to everyone to smoke one by one. ⊙In the face of the national crisis, Hu Shi was appointed as the ambassador to the United States by the Kuomintang government. On the same day, Hu wrote in his diary: "21 years of independent and free life, starting today, sacrificed for the country." ⊙In 1919, Lin Yutang took his newlywed wife to study in the United States. Because he didn’t have much savings, he even had a can of oatmeal for a week when he was the poorest.Lin once telegraphed twice to Hu Shi in China, asking Hu Shi to borrow money from Peking University and send it over, one thousand yuan each time.Later, when Lin came back from studying abroad, he went to see the principal Jiang Menglin and thanked Jiang for the two thousand yuan. Jiang was surprised and asked, "What two thousand yuan?" ⊙ Around 1924, Peking University professors were divided into two factions, attacking each other. One faction took "Modern Review" as its front, mainly including Hu Shi, Chen Xiying, Xu Zhimo, Tao Menghe, Jiang Tingfu, etc., and the other took "Yusi" as its front. Mainly Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang, Yu Dafu, etc.Lin Yutang recalled: When these two weekly magazines had a debate about the Ministry of Education and Women's Normal University, it was really thrilling.However, Lin also said: In fact, it was just the hostility between Lu Xun and Chen Xiying. "We are all good friends of Mr. Shizhi." ⊙Lin Yutang graduated second in middle school, and also in second place when he went to church university. Lin concluded: "I believe that if I work hard on my homework, it will not be difficult to win the championship, but I don't do it... I have been They don’t want to be number one.” ⊙Lin Yutang claimed that he "reads everything", and was extremely curious about everything. "He has a proud view of women's clothes, can openers, and chicken eyelids." ⊙Lin Yutang was born in a church family and went to a church university, so his foundation in ancient knowledge is not very good.When I first entered Tsinghua University as a teacher, I felt that my Chinese was too poor, so I learned Beijing dialect by studying, and I often went to Liulichang second-hand bookstalls to learn about Wang Guowei's works for the first time. ⊙After the Feng Clan entered Beijing, Lin Yutang left Peking University and went south to join the Wuhan Revolutionary Government and served as the secretary of Foreign Minister Chen Youren.However, after only less than half a year, he resigned. Lin said: I am a herbivore, not a carnivore. I am good at managing myself, but not good at managing others, so I must abandon politics and leave. ⊙Lin Yutang advocated humor and was known as the "Master of Humor", but Lin thought he was not a top-notch humorist, but the first one who called everyone to pay attention to humor in a "country full of fake Taoism but extremely lacking in humor".There is a famous joke, the copyright of which is Lin Yutang's: "The ideal life of world harmony is to live in the English countryside, the house is installed with American water, electricity, gas and other pipes, there is a Chinese cook, a Japanese wife, and a French wife. mistress." ⊙In the late 1920s, Wang Yunwu edited the citizen series in a small-scale citizen bookstore, determined to overthrow the country's largest publishing organization, the Commercial Press.However, Wang's dream had not yet come true. In 1930, recommended by Hu Shi, Wang joined the Commercial Press as the general manager, bringing the business to its heyday. ⊙Hu Shi often had to meet people he didn't know at all, and Hu arranged to meet them all on Sunday morning, calling it "worship". ⊙When Hu Shi worked at the China Education and Culture Foundation, he made a plan to translate the complete works of Shakespeare, and found five people to translate together: Wen Yiduo, Xu Zhimo, Chen Xiying, Ye Gongchao, and Liang Shiqiu.But after several others tried for a while, they found it too difficult and gave up. Only Liang Shiqiu persevered, and it took nearly forty years to finally complete this huge project. ⊙When Liang Shiqiu was the editor-in-chief of "New Moon", he published many articles by Hu Shi on the issue of "human rights" in a row, which caused a lot of interference from many forces. Sometimes the magazine was "confiscated and burned by order" as soon as it was published.In a certain issue, Liang edited and distributed Hu Shi's "New Culture Movement and the Kuomintang". After the news spread, the Secretary-General of the Chinese Public School came to him personally and asked Liang to withdraw the manuscript. Liang, who has always been gentle, flatly refused: "Unless it is Mr. Hu asked to withdraw it himself, but it is difficult for me to do so." So he sent it without error. ⊙Shen Congwen taught the history of Chinese novels at Southwest Associated University. There were very few students, only six or seven of them listened. ⊙Shen Congwen's grandfather used to be the admiral of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty, and his father was a military officer. After the Republic of China, he ran for Hunan Provincial Councilor. He failed to assassinate Yuan Shikai and was forced to flee to the Northwest under his identity. ⊙It is said that when Shen Congwen pursued Zhang Zhaohe, Hu Shi, the principal, made a match for him. Luo Ergang retorted: "Zhang Zhaohe and I were in the same class, and we also chose a "Shuowen" with only seven candidates, but we never said a word, let alone Hu Shi, who is the principal, introduced the relationship between teachers and students! There is absolutely no such thing.” Someone went to Zhang Zhaohe himself to verify, but Zhang was noncommittal, just smiled and said: “There is such a statement in the newspaper.” ⊙Shen Congwen recalled that when he was a child, several "reward and punishment laws" were established among elementary school students: those who run away from enemies will be fined a penny; Reward two articles of money; those who are challenged by the two sentences of being scolded by others but dare not do it will be fined two articles of money. ⊙When Shen Congwen first arrived in Beijing, he was poor and unknown, with no source of income, and lived in a small rented room with no heating in winter. Shen called it a "narrow and moldy small studio". ⊙In the famous article "An Open Letter to a Literary Youth", Yu Dafu proposed three ideas for the impoverished Shen Congwen: the best strategy is to find a job, or go to the revolution, to make bombs; the middle strategy is to go home The worst policy is to either become a soldier or become a thief, and it is suggested to steal from Xiong Xiling, a wealthy relative of the Shen family. ⊙It is said that when Liang Shiqiu was teaching in a public school in China, once Hu Shi invited him to drink flowers and wine. Everyone else had a girl they liked, but Liang was "embarrassed", so Hu Shi had to call a girl instead.After eating a meal, Liang didn't even dare to take a look at what the girl looked like. After returning home, Liang reported to his wife and concluded: "Buying a smile is a painful experience." ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, Lao She and Liang Shiqiu talked about cross talk together at the fundraising party for laborers. For two consecutive nights, they took turns to play the top cards.Before the performance, Liang Shiqiu repeatedly reminded Lao She: When the performance reaches the point of beating the head with a folding fan, it must only be "slightly gesticulating rather than actually beating".Lao She only agreed.When he was performing on stage, Lao She didn't know whether he was excited or intentional, so he swung his big folding fan and hit Liang's forehead hard, just in time to knock Liang's glasses off. Liang quickly reached out to catch it, and the audience immediately cheered. , Shouting "one more time". ⊙Liang Shiqiu was in class at Beijing Normal University, telling students a poem by Burns (British poet Burns), full of sentimental feelings.A girl burst into tears when she heard it, and when it came to the tragic point, the female student simply fell to her desk and burst into tears.The son asked Liang Shiqiu: "Do you feel sorry?" Liang Shiqiu replied: "No. Burns should feel sorry." ⊙After the July 7th Incident, Liang Shiqiu cried bitterly, and said to his eldest daughter: "Son, the sesame seed you will eat tomorrow is the sesame seed of the subjugated slave." ⊙Peking University was established, in addition to ordinary professors, there are also honorary professors and research professors. In 1934, when Liang Shiqiu first came to Peking University as the head of the Department of Foreign Languages, he was only in his early thirties and was hired as a research professor, which caused dissatisfaction among some people.Once, someone deliberately said loudly in front of many people: "I am a professor who has neither reputation nor research!" ⊙When Yang Zhensheng was the president of Qingdao University, he invited Hu Shi to give a speech at the school.Unexpectedly, when the ship arrived, the wind and waves were too strong to go ashore. Hu sent a telegram to Yang, saying: "Wan is in the middle of the water." " ⊙In May 1930, under the pressure of the government, Hu Shi resigned as the principal of the Chinese public school and was replaced by Ma Junwu. Hu Shi said: "Mr. Ma is the secretary-general of the Sun Yat-sen League, and he has a high status. It's just that he has a bad temper. The sole of the shoe slapped Song Jiaoren. He didn’t want to trust people, he had to catch everything by himself, and he didn’t even worry about emptying the spittoon, so he had to look at it. If he didn’t want to trust people, people wouldn’t dare to take responsibility; It won’t work.” Sure enough, after Ma took over as the principal for only a month or two, the students made a fuss and Ma was kicked out. ⊙In July 1926, Ling Shuhua and Chen Xiying got married in Beijing. Ling was a budding female writer, and Chen Ze was already a professor at Peking University and a famous literary critic.After they got married, the two used their own study rooms, and any novels Ling wrote were kept "secret" from Chen, and Chen did not show them to Ling after they finished writing. ⊙In 1946, after Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang agents in Kunming, Tao Xingzhi’s name also appeared on the assassination blacklist. Friends reminded him to be careful, and Tao firmly said: “I will wait for the third gun!" ⊙When Zhao Yuanren and Yang Buwei got married, the notice to their relatives and friends read: When you received this news, we were married at 3 o'clock in the afternoon on June 1, 1921 at the mean solar standard time of 120 degrees east longitude; Except for two exceptions, congratulatory gifts are absolutely not accepted; the first exception is letters, poems or music scores, etc., and the second exception is donations to the Chinese Science Society.Hu Shi, as the witness of the marriage, gave a gift of an annotated book written by Hu Shi. ⊙Tao Xingzhi advocated education for the common people. In 1927, he founded Xiaozhuang Normal School in Nanjing. He acted as the principal and managed the students with "part-time work and part-study". Work hard on the millet".The headmaster Tao himself took the lead. He wore long gowns during get out of class and blue cloth clothes after class, and went to the fields with the students to do farm work. ⊙In 1944, Wang Yunsheng, editor-in-chief of "Ta Kung Pao", gave a speech at Yenching University, and warned everyone: If you are convicted of telling the truth, you will be "caught in the execution ground, grab the pigtail, and when the steel knife slams and clicks, boy, you To be a good man and a good reporter is to keep silent and hold back through clenched teeth.” ⊙When Tao Xingzhi was studying in the United States, he lived in the same dormitory with Sun Yat-sen’s eldest son, Sun Ke; a year later, he transferred to the American pragmatist educationist Dewey. Dewey was Hu Shi’s teacher, so he and Hu Shi became brothers again.But Tao Xingzhi couldn't get used to these two people. He said he looked down on two classmates the most: one was Hu Shi, who relied on foreigners for his living; ⊙At a banquet, Hu Shi praised Guo Moruo a few words, and Guo heard it from the side, so he came over specially and kissed Hu on the face to express his gratitude. ⊙Chenning Yang was very famous when he was a student at Southwest Associated University. He was a genius in the Department of Physics. One day, Yang chatted with another genius, Huang Kun. Huang asked, "Einstein published another article recently, have you read it?" Yang said he saw it, and Huang asked what he thought of it. Yang waved his hand in disdain, and replied: "There is no originality (innovation), it must be old-fashioned." ⊙Before the start of a small newspaper in Shanghai, the editor-in-chief Zhang Danfu wrote a letter to Hu Shi, asking this famous person to write an article for the start issue to support the scene.Hu Shi replied politely and said: "I should obey your letter, but I am busy at this time. If I have time, I will send it in a small text. When "Little Daily" is published, please send me a copy." The editor-in-chief sent this letter The letter appeared on the front page of the inaugural issue. ⊙Hu Shi advocated writing new poems instead of old ones, and was ridiculed from all sides.Zhang Danfu, the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Jingbao, said that Hu Shi could not write old poems well, so he advocated writing new poems in order to teach those who could write old poems better than him how to write new poems.Zhang Henshui said that the new poems are "dry and dry vegetables that are hard to chew in the mouth", "neither fragrant nor colorful, not clear, not beautiful, neither sweet nor spicy, not worth seeing". ⊙Many literati have a taste for elegance. Zheng Yimei, the "filler king", is keen on collecting celebrity rulers, folding fans, seals, famous thorns, ancient coins, etc. "Crystal News" editor Zhang Danfu likes to collect ancient mirrors, and Yuan Hanyun collects ancient vases, ancient coins, and ancient seals and ancient jade.Once, when Yuan Hanyun serialized the novel "Xin Bing Secret Garden" in "Jingbao", he suddenly stopped writing halfway. It turned out that he had taken a fancy to a pottery vase in Zhang Danfu's collection. Zhang refused to transfer it, so Yuan Hanyun threatened to suspend the serialization. In the end, Zhang Dan had no choice but to admit defeat. ⊙Zhang Yiping was a poor talent when he was young, Hu Shi looked at him poorly and took good care of him, so Zhang Yiping's catchphrase is "My friend Hu Shizhi".It was the first time he went to the art school to teach others, and he said, "Chen Gongbo, Zeng Zhongming, Hu Shi, and Zhou Zuoren are all my very good friends!" ⊙In September 1926, Zhang Jiluan began to write the "Ta Kung Pao" and put forward the famous "four nos" policy - "no party, no selling, no selfishness, and no blindness". ⊙In April 1930, Hu Shi wrote to Yang Xingfo, saying, "I have been scolded for ten years, and I never resent those who scolded me. Sometimes they scolded me inappropriately, but I was anxious for them. Sometimes they scolded too much , against the personalities of those who insult and scold me, I am restless to replace them." ⊙Hu Shi reformed and criticized traditional Chinese ugly phenomena such as "stereotyped essays, women with small feet, eunuchs, concubines, big families living together for five generations, and courts with sticks and sticks".Gu Hongming, on the other hand, maintained his old ways and argued one by one. He compared a teapot to a husband, and a teacup to a wife. Spitting everywhere is a manifestation of Chinese people's emphasis on spiritual life." ⊙When Mei Lanfang visited the United States, an old American lady was very obsessed with it and would attend every show.After a performance, she found Mei Lanfang, took Mei's hand and admired her, saying, "What beautiful hands! Why do you have to cover them up with your sleeves during the performance?"