Chapter 2 Please call me teacher: Duan Qirui's students
After Yuan Shikai, the group had no leader, the Beiyang Group split, and the Anhui faction headed by Duan Qirui became the most powerful faction.Duan Qirui is from Anhui, so he is called "Wanxi", but the Anhui circle is not limited to the Anhui people in the region. The old Beiyang circle that Rui took over from Yuan Shikai, and the second is the teacher-student relationship between Duan and the generals and students.
Birthplace: Hefei, Anhui
Birth and death years: March 6, 1865 ~ November 2, 1936
Honorary titles: Tiger of the "Three Heroes of Beiyang", "Hero of the Three Republics"
Occupation: politician, military strategist
Positions: Served as chief of the army, prime minister of the cabinet, ruling (combined president and prime minister)
Pros: Integrity
Disadvantages: Stubborn and irritable
Graduate school: Tianjin Armed Forces Academy, Berlin Military Academy, Germany
Major achievements: Forced the Qing emperor to abdicate in 1912, organized a rebel army to oppose Zhang Xun's restoration
Belief: Six Nos (no smoking, no drinking, no whoring, no gambling, no greed, no occupation)
Nickname: Xiao Xu (Big Xu is Xu Shichang)
Birthplace: Xiao County, Jiangsu
Birth and death years: November 11, 1880 to December 30, 1925
Status: The first military division and general of the Anhui Department; the notorious planner of the Anfu Congress
Positions: Undersecretary of the Army, Secretary-General of the State Council, Commander-in-Chief of the Zhejiang-Shanghai Allied Forces, etc.
Main Achievement: Recovering Outer Mongolia
Pros: resourceful
Disadvantages: headstrong
Works: "Jianguo Quanzhen", "Bimeng'an Ci", etc.
Jin Yunpeng (1876～1951), born in Zoucheng, Shandong.It is the first of the "Four King Kongs" in the Anhui Department.General of the Army, Prime Minister of the Beiyang Government.
Qu Tongfeng (1873～1929), was born in Fushan County, Shandong Province.Anhui warlord general, one of the "Four King Kong".Once served as the principal of Baoding Non-commissioned Officer Academy.
Wu Guangxin (1875-1939), born in Suqian, Jiangsu, is Duan Qirui's brother-in-law.Graduated from the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer Academy and Army University.He has successively served as the commander of the 20th Division of the Army and the commander-in-chief of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
Lu Yongxiang (1867-1933): Born in Jiyang, Shandong, a general of the Anhui Faction, graduated from the Beiyang Armed Forces Academy, and served as the Songhu Army Guard and Zhejiang Governor.
Cao Rulin (1877~1966), born in Shanghai, is a famous diplomat and the leader of politicians in the new transportation department.One of the three "traitors" who were overthrown during the May 4th Movement. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the highest adviser to the Puppet North China Provisional Government and an advisory member of the North China Political Affairs Committee.
Lu Zongyu (1876-1941), a native of Haining, Zhejiang, was a famous diplomat. During the May 4th Movement, he was called a "traitor" together with Cao Rulin and Zhang Zongxiang. In 1940, he was hired by Wang Jingwei's Puppet National Government as a consultant to the Executive Yuan.
Zhu Shen (1879～1943), born in Ba County, Hebei Province.Studying in Japan in his early years.After the founding of the Republic of China, he successively served as the chief prosecutor of Dali Yuan, the chief justice of the cabinet, and the chief police officer of the capital. After 1937, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Affairs Committee of the Puppet North China Provisional Government, Minister of Legal Affairs, and Chairman of the North China Political Affairs Committee of the Wang Puppet Nationalist Government.
⊙Duan Qirui likes to accept students. In the various army schools in Beiyang, Duan was the head office in name or in fact. All these graduates became students of Duan.The Wan Department is mainly connected by this loose teacher-student relationship. Jin Yunpeng, Fu Liangzuo, Wu Guangxin, Qu Tongfeng, Chen Shufan, Ma Liang, Zheng Shiqi, etc. were all students of Duan Qirui's military training school during Xiaozhan. ⊙Duan Qirui served successively as the commander of the third, fourth, and sixth towns of the Beiyang Army, so many Beiyang generals were once under Duan's subordinates. There are countless connections, such as Lu Yongxiang, Chen Guangyuan, Meng Enyuan, Li Houji, Yang Shande, Tian Zhongyu, Zhang Jingyao, etc. ⊙Once, Xu Shuzheng's second brother, Xu Shuzheng, telegraphed Xu, saying that he was going to Beijing to become an official.Xu saw that he quickly ordered Jin Yunpeng, the governor of Shandong, to take his second brother to Jinan on the way.In Jinan, Jin Yunpeng asked people to accompany Xu Shuzhen to travel around the mountains and rivers, eat, drink and have fun.But after circling for two months, Jin Yunpeng really couldn't find a reason to keep Xu Shuzhen, and in the end he had to let Xu Shuzhen go to Beijing.Xu Shuzheng was shaving his head at home, when suddenly the concierge announced that the Second Master (Xu Shuzheng, Xu's second brother) had arrived!As soon as Xu heard this, he ran away quickly and found a place to hide.Later, people in his hometown said that Xu Shuzheng would rather have a yin and yang haircut than let his brother do it. ⊙Duan Qirui has the "Four Diamonds" under his command: Jin Yunpeng, Duan Zhigui, Fu Liangzuo, and Qu Tongfeng.Another theory is: Xu Shuzheng, Jin Yunpeng, Wu Guangxin, Fu Liangzuo. ⊙Xu Shuzheng loves Kunqu opera very much and can compose it. He once shared the stage with famous actors such as Xu Lingyun, Xiang Xinwu and Yu Zhenfei. During his visit to Britain in May 1925, Xu was invited to give a speech on "The History of Music in Ancient and Modern China" at the Royal Academy, which surprised the ladies and gentlemen in the UK.Zhang Jian once presented a poem saying: The general sings about the great Jiangdong, and the potential and Meilangjiao are two heroes. ⊙In 1881, 16-year-old Duan Qirui walked 2,000 miles on foot to Weihai in Shandong Province, where he joined his uncle Duan Congde, who was in charge of the army. ⊙Duan Qirui has a problem. When he gets angry, his nose will tilt to one side. After massage, he can straighten it.People gave him the nicknames "General Crooked Nose" and "Duan Crooked Nose".According to legend, Duan Qirui was pissed off four times: one was when Yuan Shikai resolutely disagreed with his recommended confidant as Secretary of the State Council; one was when his favorite student was killed in Tianjin; His son had an affair; another time he asked Li Yuanhong to affix his seal with the "Proposal of Participating in the War Against Germany" and asked Li Yuanhong to stamp it, but Li refused to do so and neglected him.These crooked noses were corrected after massage. ⊙ Duan Qirui is not very particular about dressing.At home, he always wears a long gown and a melon cap; in public, sometimes his suit and tie are all askew to one side, but he doesn't care. ⊙One day, Duan Qirui entertained foreign guests. Before leaving, he changed into a Chinese-style blue robe and mandarin jacket because the Western-style dress shoes did not fit and the collar buttons could not be buttoned.But after changing clothes, the blue robe is too short and the sleeves of the gown are too long, which makes people laugh. ⊙Duan Qirui's official residence in Fuxue Hutong, the overall scale is very grand, but the interior furnishings are extremely simple.The tents hanging in the bedroom are all made of coarse white cloth. ⊙Duan Qirui has a subordinate named Su, and the family bought a five or six-year-old girl.Mrs. Su abused her and often beat the child black and blue.After Duan Qirui heard about it, he called this subordinate to scold him severely, and then asked his wife to take in the little girl. ⊙After the July 7th Incident, Japanese mobs prepared to storm the Chinese embassy in Japan.The Japanese police got the news and informed Ambassador Xu Shiying in advance to remind him to close the gate in advance.Xu disagreed, and sent someone to tell the Japanese police: "The staff of the Chinese embassy will never be afraid of death. Japanese thugs want to invade the Chinese embassy, let them do as they please, and the iron gate of the embassy will never be closed. As for maintaining law and order, it is up to the Japanese police." What happened.” Later, when the demonstration team arrived, the Chinese embassy really opened its iron gates, and the Japanese commented, “This short man is full of guts!” Xu was not tall, so he was called a short man. ⊙In the Zhili-Anhui war, the Zhili was defeated, and the Beijing government wanted the so-called top ten culprits of the Anhui clique.Of the photos of the top ten culprits, only eight were found in total, and among them, those of Ding Shiyuan and Wang Zhilong, they could not be found anywhere.When I asked later, I realized that these two brothers never took pictures, no matter whether it was a public or private banquet or a grand occasion, if someone wanted to take pictures of them, they would do everything possible to turn them down.The person in charge had no choice but to attach the pictures of Ma Ershunzi and Xiao Guogui, the famous pickpockets back then, to show that Ma Xiao and Ding Wang are like Hu Ben Zhonglang, and they prepared a table for reference. ⊙Jin Yunpeng and Pan Fu are from the same hometown. It is said that Jin's mother worked as a nanny in Pan's family. Later, Jin Yunpeng became the Prime Minister of the State, and Pan Fu followed suit and became the Deputy Minister of Finance.After the fall of the Anhui Clan, Pan Fu joined the Feng Clan and made friends with Zhang Zongchang. ⊙Jin Yunpeng told Feng Guozhang that the situation in the north is like a censer with three legs.The President (Feng Guozhang) is like one leg of this incense burner, and the Prime Minister (Duan Qirui) and Donghai (Xu Shichang) are like the other two.With such three legs, will you still be afraid that the incense burner will not stand stably? ⊙Duan Qirui scolded Feng Guozhang: "Feng Huafu (Feng character) was originally a dog, but now it seems that he is not as good as a dog!" On December 28, 1919, Feng Guozhang died of illness, Duan Qirui went to Feng's family to pay his respects in person, before the funeral Cry loudly. ⊙Ni Sichong, governor of Anhui, met President Li Yuanhong and recommended his nephew Ni Yufen as a lieutenant general and his son Ni Youchen as a major general.President Li Da, who has always been kind, reprimanded loudly this time: "What, did you come to Beijing to seek wealth for your nephew and son? Are they worthy of lieutenant generals and major generals?" ⊙In addition to cultivating a personal force, Duan Qirui also paid great attention to attracting important people around Yuan Shikai. In November 1912, Duan hired Ding Shiyuan, Yuan's confidant, as his deputy chief. Later, Xu Shiying, the Fengtian civil affairs chief (governor) who was reused by Yuan, was also recruited by Duan and became an allied brother. Xu later became an important staff member in Duan's clique. . ⊙Duan Qirui's department, with Xu Shuzheng as the head, has attracted a large number of people. In addition to Jin Yunpeng and other four kings, Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu, and Zhang Zongxiang are in charge of diplomatic affairs, and Zeng Yujun and Li Sihao are in charge of finances. In addition, Wang Yitang and other Anfu factions controlled the National Assembly, while Ni Sichong and Lu Yongxiang held heavy troops outside.Xu Shiying, Liang Hongzhi, Zhu Shen, Wang Zhilong, Zhou Ziqi, etc. are also important politicians of the Anhui Clan. ⊙In 1917, Duan Qirui beat Zhang Xun away and expelled the former president Li Yuanhong, and supported Feng Guozhang, who was in Jiangsu, to come to Beijing as acting president.Duan, Feng, and Wang Shizhen gathered in Beijing to recount the old relationship of the "Three Heroes of Beiyang", saying, "Our old brothers are connected as one body, regardless of the president, prime minister, or general manager. We only want to work together. From now on, there will be nothing There is a court battle."But soon after, Feng and Duan had a split. ⊙Among the Beiyang warlords, Zhang Huaizhi and Cao Kun have the closest relationship. They often declare: Mr. Cao is my brother. If he takes a step, I will follow him; if he runs, I will take a step.Zhang is not very educated but loves to use pens. When he issued an order, he wrote the wrong word and made a joke. Wang Shizhen commented: "Huaizhi learned everything from Cao Kun, and there is one thing that has not learned at home. Cao is not educated, but knows how to write." Hide clumsy, dare not mess with the pen." ⊙A certain brigade commander of the Anhui Department said in a speech to the officers and soldiers of the brigade: "War must be fought! The purpose of training the army is to fight, and now we must be ready. The army is like a dog. Whoever the master tells us to bite we Just go bite someone." ⊙In 1918, Duan Qirui instructed the "Anfu Congress" to elect Cao Kun as the vice president, but the members felt that the price offered was too low, so they were unwilling to vote and went around to have fun.General Wang Yitang, Duan's confidant, sent people to look for him everywhere.On one of the roads, more than forty congressmen were arrested in Tianjin brothels. ⊙After the Anhui Clan stepped down, the Anfu Clan's dignitaries were flying like cats and dogs. The shelter at that time, apart from the Liuguo Hotel, was Dongjiaomin Lane.Even the washrooms of the Liuguo Hotel were full, and Dongjiaomin Lane was also overcrowded.Chief Justice Zhu Shen went one step too late. There was only one cow shed left, and there were a few houses left. He spent 80 oceans a day in rent to move all his wives, concubines and children into the house.The word "cowshed" is engraved on the door of the dairy shed. ⊙Duan Qirui is more polite to literati, but not false to martial arts.Shandong governor Tian Zhongyu paid homage to Duan Qirui, and just said a few words about military affairs, Duan Qirui said impatiently: "Stop talking nonsense, do you know any strategy?" ⊙As the first literati president since the Republic of China, Xu Shichang flaunted the rule of culture everywhere, but he couldn't handle the forces of the northern and southern warlords, especially the southern warlords.At that time, a Beijing newspaper published a couplet: There is Donghai (Xu Shichang) in the north, and Xilin (Cen Chunxuan) in the south. Look at how these two things can reconcile the north and the south. ⊙Li Yuanhong was admitted to the Beiyang Naval Academy at the age of 19, and was deeply loved by the school's general manager Sa Zhenbing and supervisor Yan Fu.During the Sino-Japanese War, Li Yuanhong's ship hit a rock and sank. Li Yuanhong was lucky to be rescued after drifting at sea for more than ten hours. ⊙The 17-year-old Zhang Xueliang met with Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng, exaggerating and exaggerating, with the spirit of shooting eagles in the clouds.Before leaving, Jin Yunpeng said to Zhang: "Good boy! In the future, we will kill people like hemp and spend money like dirt!" Zhang smiled and left. ⊙Li Yuanhong stepped down and worked as an apartment in Tianjin.Duan Qirui was afraid that he would be used by the Southwest Warlords, so he always wanted to send someone to invite him to Beijing.Li refused.At that time, there was a big flood in Tianjin, and Duan advised Li to go to Beijing to avoid the flood.Li replied: "Because of the flood, I am busy helping the victims, and I really can't separate myself." ⊙One time, at a Buddhist meeting place in Beijing, Wu Peifu was wearing a monk's robe and a monk's hat.After a while, Duan Qirui arrived, Wu got up and called "Teacher", in front of many people, Duan pretended not to hear. ⊙Duan Yisheng is headstrong. Some people say that Duan's headstrongness is not for "self", but for "he". This "he" refers to Xu Shuzheng. ⊙The Beiyang government stipulates that when the new president takes office, for example, the Ministry of Finance will raise 1.5 million yuan, and the chief minister will personally send it to the president as pocket expenses after taking office; the president will keep 1 million yuan, and the remaining 500,000 yuan will be handed over to the heads of various ministries.This example was started by Yuan Shikai, and every president followed suit.When Xu Shichang became president, Cao Rulin sent 1.5 million yuan as usual, and Xu kept all of it. ⊙After the March 18 massacre, Duan Qirui said to Beijing security commander Li Mingzhong: "Li Mingzhong, can you maintain law and order in Beijing? If you can't, I will withdraw you, replace you, and shoot you!" Li Mingzhong stepped back and bowed and said: "Government, don't be angry, don't be angry, I can maintain law and order, I can maintain law and order." ⊙Duan Qirui has a stubborn personality, everyone gave him the nickname "Duan Ligong".Later, when he took office in the ruling government, he made compromises and made concessions to Zhang Zuolin, Feng Yuxiang and others, so everyone changed his name to "Duan Ai Gong". ⊙Duan Qirui said to Deng Hanxiang: "Although playing cards is a game, you can also see a person's quality. When Lu Zongyu played cards, he looked sneaky and annoying. Other people's tickets were placed on the table, but he pretended Take it from your pocket at any time. If someone wins the card, he will owe it first, which makes people unhappy." ⊙Wang Zhilong was originally a clerk in a grain store in Tianjin, but later made a fortune and became a huge fortune.One day when he was playing tea in a brothel, it rained heavily suddenly, and he heard someone next door yelling for a game of cards, three missing one.When he learned that the next door was Anhui star Ni Sichong, he volunteered to join the poker game. Ni lost 40,000 yuan to Wang in one night, but Wang Yiwen didn't want it, and the two became close friends from then on.Wang Zhilong was gradually invoked by Ni Sichong and became the chief financial officer of the cabinet. ⊙Fu Liangzuo often played cards with Duan Qirui, so he was very favored by Duan Qirui. When the Hunan Governor was vacant, Duan pushed Fu to succeed him.Then, someone commented behind his back: "Fu Liangzuo played cards and played a warlord." ⊙Fu Liangzuo became the Deputy Chief of the Army, actually exercising the power of the Minister of the Army. He was very popular for a while, and the servant who served tea and water in the Fu family dared to ask for ten yuan as a reward.Chen Heng was originally appointed as the governor of Gansu, but because he refused to give gifts, he fell through the water. ⊙Duan Qirui pointed to Jin Yunpeng at the opening ceremony of the Sergeant Teaching Corps and said to the soldiers: "Look at Jin Dulian, he was a soldier under me back then, but now he is the Prime Minister of the State. You are the same, as long as you obey Order, obey the discipline, and practice your skills well, you will have a bright future in the future." ⊙The government's finances were exhausted, and Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng could not pay the army's salary, so there were mutinies in various provinces, and telegrams urging payment came like a snowflake.Jin had no choice but to invite Zhang Zuolin to the north and Cao Kun and Wang Zhanyuan to the south to hold a meeting to discuss the matter.Zhang, Cao, and Wang are all mahjong fans, so Jin invited a few of them to discuss military pay while playing mahjong.Jin always loses, and the wallets of the three giants are full, so it is difficult to mention the matter of military pay. ⊙Jin Yunpeng was the prime minister, and Cao Rui complained about the unfair distribution of military pay.The two got angry at a financial meeting.Jin said: "If you are not in charge, you don't know the difficulties, or you can try!" Cao said: "If you can't be, you will step down!" Jin said: "I don't want to do it at all, but you have no right to say that !" Cao said: "Stop talking nonsense, get out of here!" ⊙Jin Yunpeng is Duan Qirui's big disciple, and together with Xu Shuzheng, he becomes Duan's right-hand man.Jin and Zhang Zuolin are in-laws, and they are brothers with Cao Kun, and they have a fierce fight with Xu Shichang.During the Zhiwan War, Jin Yunpeng suddenly joined the Zhili.After Duan Qirui stepped down, Jin went to Fuxue Hutong, cried and bowed to the ground, begging Duan's forgiveness, saying that he "did it as a last resort".At that time, people ridiculed him as a "soft defector". ⊙Jin Yunpeng was born in poverty, and his mother used to be Pan Fu's nurse. At that time, Jin's third younger brother Yunhe was also in his infancy, and Pan Fu and Jin Yunhe became nurse brothers.Later, when Jin Yunpeng made his fortune and became prime minister, and Pan Fu also became prime minister, the common people misrepresented that "one nanny gave birth to two prime ministers". ⊙Duan Zhigui was one of the "Thirteen Taibaos" of Yuan Shikai's imperial system. After Yuan died, he took refuge in Duan Qirui. People called Duan Qirui "Da Duan" and Duan Zhigui "Small Duan".Xiao Duan is actually Da Duan's (Qi Rui) distant cousin, and is appreciated by Da Duan because of his loyalty. ⊙In 1924, Jiangsu Qi Xieyuan and Zhejiang Lu Yongxiang fought for Shanghai, known as the "Battle of Qilu" in history.The two armies fought for more than forty days, and most of the time they dug trenches and defended.Every day at dawn, as usual, one side fired a volley of artillery first, and then the other side fired back. The artillery battle between the two sides lasted until about ten o'clock, and of course few people were injured.The next step is to stop beating on both sides, cooking, drying clothes, and eating.When it was getting dark in the afternoon, they bombarded each other in the same way as in the morning, and then regenerated the fire to cook, eat and go to bed, which is called a drill-style war. ⊙Duan Qirui's life, the most admired Yuan Shikai, the most trusted Xu Shuzheng, the most hated Wu Peifu, the most feared Mrs. Zhang (Yuan Shikai's goddaughter), the most proud of Machang vows, the most downcast when he escaped from the ruling government . ⊙In February 1918, a large amount of ordnance was shipped from Japan and purchased for President Feng Guozhang to expand his direct troops.Xu Shuzheng sent a secret telegram to Zhang Zuolin, and when he accepted it, he turned the front of the car upside down and transported a load of ammunition to the outside of the pass.Afterwards, Duan Qirui reprimanded Xu: teach Xi Shengmu. ⊙In 1924, Duan Qirui went to Beijing to set up the executive government.Immediately, a power was sent to Xu Shuzheng in Europe, asking him to come back to discuss the formation of a cabinet.Xu replied that he did not agree with the title of "ruling power" and expressed that he was willing to apply for the appointment of a "special envoy with full powers" to various countries.Duan immediately appointed him as "Special Envoy to Investigate European, American and Japanese Political and Economic Envoys". ⊙One day, Xu Shuzheng and Zhang Zuolin were drinking.Xu said to Zhang, brother, you have territory and an army, so don't be brave.I am weak now and cannot conquer you.If it really doesn't work, I will bring Japanese soldiers to beat you in the future.Zhang hurriedly raised his glass and said, brother, why is this so, my soldiers are your soldiers, cheers!cheers! ⊙A reporter wanted to report on Duan Qirui’s burning of Hankou. Xu Shuzheng said to him: “You should report it like this. The burning of Hankou was not the idea of Duan Juntong. Duan Juntong has already reported to the Ming court that the arsonist will be severely punished and will be investigated seriously. The loss of life and property of the people will be compensated. The battle in Hankou has affected the people of Liming, and Duan Juntong is deeply saddened..." After finishing speaking, he put another wad of money in front of the reporter, who refused to accept it.Xu immediately called two swordsmen, and the reporter had no choice but to take the money. ⊙In 1925, Xu Shuzheng and Sun Chuanfang went to Nantong to visit Zhang Jian, intending to let Zhang leave the mountain.At the banquet, Xu Kun became addicted to opera and sang a song with great pride.After singing, he asked Zhang for a poem, and Zhang took a unique gift to Xu: "The general sang about the great Jiangdong, Qi and Meilang are two heroes. Knowing the meaning of rigidity and softness, Yan Zhangxiu asked the old villager." Let's talk about Zhang going out of the mountain. ⊙Zhang Jian and Xu Shuzheng have a good relationship, and Xu Yi serves Zhang as a teacher.One day, Zhang Jian dreamed that Xu had written him a poem: "When we parted with Gongsheng, it was too late to regret parting ways."The scholar of the army and horse finally misunderstood me, who knows that the sound of the river hates me?Zhang woke up with a start, wondering if something had happened to Xu Shuzheng, and news of Xu's assassination soon came. ⊙After Xu Shuzheng's death, Duan Qirui not only ordered Feng Yuxiang to arrest the murderer immediately, but also personally wrote "Xu Junshuzheng Shinto Monument" to commemorate this old friend.Duan also set up a mourning hall for Xu Shuzheng at home to express his condolences, and asked his descendants to place Xu's coffin next to the coffins of Duan's ancestors for worship. ⊙In the autumn of 1919, Zhang Jingyao, a warlord of the Anhui clique and governor of Hunan Province, was on his 40th birthday.Wu Peifu was preparing for a military rebellion against Anhui, so he sent a telegram: I heard that the commander-in-chief is in the Spring and Autumn Period. By then, Peifu will personally lead all the officers and soldiers to come to Changsha to celebrate his birthday!Zhang quickly ordered to stop celebrating his birthday. ⊙ On February 9, 1924, Zhang Jingyao, a warlord of the Anhui Clique, visited Luoyang at the invitation of Wu Peifu.Wu hosted a banquet to welcome him, during which the lights suddenly went out.Zhang was taken aback, and quickly pulled out his pistol and pointed it at Wu, wanting to kill everything.But Wu was as if nothing had happened, drinking and talking and laughing as usual. ⊙ Zhang Jingyao supervised Xiang, and his fourth brother Zhang Jingtang was his brigade commander.Zhang Jingtang often compared himself to Zhuge Liang. He once put on gossip costumes and a goose-feather fan, and asked his horses, "Do you think I look like Mr. Wolong?" The horses responded, "Mr. Wolong only Knowing how to use tricks but not knowing how to fight, how can it compare with our four commanders who are both wise and brave?" ⊙When Zhang Huaizhi was in charge of Lu, finances were tight, so Zhang suggested that all officials should reduce their salaries.In order to set an example, Zhang first reduced his salary by 1,000 yuan, and stipulated that all officials, big and small, should be paid 80% of their salary.Afterwards, the secretary submitted the salary reduction list, Zhang Huaizhi turned to the first page, crossed out his name, and paid the full salary. ⊙Zhang Huaizhi, the governor of Shandong Province, lectured more than 180 candidate county magistrates from this province, saying: "Each of you has a province under your own control, and the same land, why not grab other provinces but come to this province! I am a young soldier When I was young, I kept my purpose firmly and became a robber if I didn’t get promoted. I will never be a robber in this province. One is because I can’t bear it, and the other is that I made a fortune as a robber. I know the source of the money in my hometown, so I can’t boast to others. You guys The governor is really ignorant!" ⊙When Zhang Huaizhi was governor of Shandong Province, he thought of a way to draw lots because he was illiterate.The first thing to do after taking office is to write the name of the important person in the provincial government on the label. If something happens, draw a lot, and then hand over the matter to this person.This move not only improves the efficiency of the provincial government, but also overcomes the bad habit of key officials absent from work.One day, Yao Peng, the chief of the section, was drawn. He called out several times, but seeing no one answered, Zhang Huaizhi became furious and ordered to beat him with two hundred army sticks.This section chief Yao Peng is an old celebrity, and all the previous governors respected him. He happened to be away on business that day.Therefore, officials from all provincial departments unanimously pleaded for forgiveness.Zhang Huaizhi insisted on not complying, saying: "The prince broke the law and committed the same crime as the common people, and two hundred army sticks are inevitable." After many pleadings, a compromise was reached, and Yao Peng personally wrote an IOU and presented it to Zhang Huaizhi.The IOU is: It is owed: 200 army sticks from the Provincial Governor's Office.This article was written by Yao Peng on October 4, the fifth year of the Republic of China. ⊙When Xu Shichang was president, Zhang Huaizhi was appointed chief of staff, but this chief was sandwiched between several big warlords, who wanted power but no power, money but no money.Once there was a riot in the staff department, Zhang Huaizhi said: "I have changed into a robe now. I can't be like a short jacket. I went to rob and share a few money with everyone. We have no choice but to be poor." ⊙ During the May 4th Movement, the Zhao family building was set on fire, and Zhang Zongxiang was severely beaten. If Zhongjiang Chouji, who just happened to come, blocked it with all his might, the consequences would have been disastrous.After being beaten, Zhang Zongxiang was admitted to the hospital. It is said that he was not out of danger for a long time. Hearing that the student who caused the accident was arrested, not only did he not file a charge, but his wife replaced Zhang Zongxiang with bail to release the student. ⊙After the Zhiwan War, Duan Qirui stepped down.He swore in front of the Buddha that he would sincerely convert to Buddhism regardless of worldly affairs, and said: "These warlords have resorted to armed forces and brought disaster to the country and the people. It was King Ashura who was reincarnated to create a catastrophe. Although I am a bodhisattva, I have the compassion to save all beings." Wish power, but the Tao is one foot tall and the devil is ten feet tall, although the mana is powerful, it is difficult to defeat the demons." The listeners all snickered. ⊙After the September 18th Incident, Duan Qirui was invited by Chiang Kai-shek to go south.The Nanjing government gave Duan Qirui 20,000 yuan a month in living expenses, which was too much for Duan Ci.Jiang said that if the teacher can't use it all up, he can give the old robe as a gift.Duan Sui stayed, keeping several thousand yuan a month, and sent all the rest to the old ministry. ⊙When Li Yuanhong became president, Sun Faxu, the magistrate of Ding County, a "model county" in Hebei, came to Beijing to congratulate him, and was immediately appointed governor of Shandong Province. ⊙During the conflict between the government and court, Li Yuanhong once illegally dissolved the Congress in order to keep his position, so many members were dissatisfied with him.Once the Congress opened, Li Yuanhong also attended and sat on the presidential bench.Zou Lu asked the speaker: "Is it Li Yuanhong who is sitting on the presidential seat?" In the presidential seat, drive him out!" The councilors coaxed Li Yuanhong away. ⊙In 1923, Li Yuanhong was expelled from Beijing by the generals of the direct line and hid in the Tianjin Concession.But Li still regarded himself as the president, and there were often official letters delivered to the leader and minister of that year, the Portuguese minister Fu Lide, talking about things.At the beginning, Fu Lide translated and translated at any time. Later, there were more and more documents, and there were a lot of antique and squishy parallel scripts. It was stated at the meeting that there was no need to transmit this document. ⊙When others give Duan Qirui gifts, Duan always picks out one or two worthless things and accepts them, and returns the rest.Qi Xieyuan gave Duan Qirui a gift, and there were twenty gifts listed on the gift list, among which were several screens inlaid with gemstones, and Duan returned them all.Zhang Zuolin sent Duan Qirui many river fish and gazelle from the Kanto, and Duan accepted two river fish at the repeated request of Zhang's adjutant. ⊙There is an old man in the Duan family named Xing Baozhai. Duan Qirui was often scolded by him for not being clean when he was a child.Later, when Duan became rich, someone joked with him, "You look down on him, but you still have to go to the street to buy a broom." Xing could only say, "We didn't know he would be here today! If I had known it, Treat him better in the first place!" ⊙Duan Qirui wrote the "Eight Don'ts" testament with his own hands when he drove west of Hehe: don't lighten political disputes because of what I see; Words and deeds are self-shaking.Those who talk about diplomacy should not forget to consolidate national defense; those who are in charge of education should not forget to preserve the quintessence of the country; ⊙After the failure of the Anhui Clique, Xu Shuzheng, who was hiding in the Japanese barracks, was eager to take revenge, so he curled up in a large wicker basket and asked two Japanese soldiers to carry him to the station. ⊙Xu Shuzheng is from Xuzhou and likes to eat steamed buns from his hometown.When he eats baked buns, he mainly rolls these home-cooked dishes: fried vermicelli with soybean sprouts, fried radish fish with shredded radish, chili sauce, and green onions with salt and pepper.Every time he eats these, Xu has endless aftertastes. ⊙Xu Shuzheng visited France and entertained French officials.During the dinner, he said: "The food is not good, please forgive me!" As soon as he said this, the restaurant owner said: "You say that my food is not good in front of so many high-ranking and noble people, how will I do business in the future? I must apologize, Otherwise, I will sue you." Xu had no choice but to publish an apology in the newspaper. ⊙During the inspection of Europe, at a certain dinner, Xu Shuzheng said to his subordinates: "I have a couplet with only four characters, called 'Open Office', who can tell you?" Everyone was silent.Xu said, read it backwards, everyone laughed.At this time, one person said "the private case" and read it backwards as "the case is private", and Xu said it was okay. ⊙One day, Jin Yunpeng invited Cao Kun to a banquet and specially made a famous hometown dish "Steamed Arhat Gluten".As soon as this dish is served, there are gluten in the middle and eighteen mushrooms around it, just like eighteen arhats.Cao was very happy, and after tasting it, he praised it again and again.Since then, the value of "Burning Arhat Gluten" has doubled. ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese asked Cao Rulin to serve as the president of the pseudo-United Reserve Bank. Cao declined and said: "I am old. Secondly, I am so afraid of the bank that I dare not obey." Wang Kemin, chairman of the pseudo-North China Political Affairs Committee, thought Appointing Cao as the director of the Grain Bureau, Cao took the steamed steamed corn bread with mixed noodles and said to Wang, "How can the common people swallow this kind of food?" ⊙When Xu Shuzheng was in his hometown, he saw his eldest brother Xu Shuxian lying on the bed smoking opium. Xu approached the bed, took off the glass cover, threw the brass lamp holder and opium pipe to the ground, and then left.Xu Shuzheng chased him to the door and yelled at him, saying that he would go to the Presidential Palace in Beijing to sue Xu Shuzheng for "committing chaos".
⊙Duan Qirui likes to accept students. In the various army schools in Beiyang, Duan was the head office in name or in fact. All these graduates became students of Duan.The Wan Department is mainly connected by this loose teacher-student relationship. Jin Yunpeng, Fu Liangzuo, Wu Guangxin, Qu Tongfeng, Chen Shufan, Ma Liang, Zheng Shiqi, etc. were all students of Duan Qirui's military training school during Xiaozhan. ⊙Duan Qirui served successively as the commander of the third, fourth, and sixth towns of the Beiyang Army, so many Beiyang generals were once under Duan's subordinates. There are countless connections, such as Lu Yongxiang, Chen Guangyuan, Meng Enyuan, Li Houji, Yang Shande, Tian Zhongyu, Zhang Jingyao, etc. ⊙Once, Xu Shuzheng's second brother, Xu Shuzheng, telegraphed Xu, saying that he was going to Beijing to become an official.Xu saw that he quickly ordered Jin Yunpeng, the governor of Shandong, to take his second brother to Jinan on the way.In Jinan, Jin Yunpeng asked people to accompany Xu Shuzhen to travel around the mountains and rivers, eat, drink and have fun.But after circling for two months, Jin Yunpeng really couldn't find a reason to keep Xu Shuzhen, and in the end he had to let Xu Shuzhen go to Beijing.Xu Shuzheng was shaving his head at home, when suddenly the concierge announced that the Second Master (Xu Shuzheng, Xu's second brother) had arrived!As soon as Xu heard this, he ran away quickly and found a place to hide.Later, people in his hometown said that Xu Shuzheng would rather have a yin and yang haircut than let his brother do it. ⊙Duan Qirui has the "Four Diamonds" under his command: Jin Yunpeng, Duan Zhigui, Fu Liangzuo, and Qu Tongfeng.Another theory is: Xu Shuzheng, Jin Yunpeng, Wu Guangxin, Fu Liangzuo. ⊙Xu Shuzheng loves Kunqu opera very much and can compose it. He once shared the stage with famous actors such as Xu Lingyun, Xiang Xinwu and Yu Zhenfei. During his visit to Britain in May 1925, Xu was invited to give a speech on "The History of Music in Ancient and Modern China" at the Royal Academy, which surprised the ladies and gentlemen in the UK.Zhang Jian once presented a poem saying: The general sings about the great Jiangdong, and the potential and Meilangjiao are two heroes. ⊙In 1881, 16-year-old Duan Qirui walked 2,000 miles on foot to Weihai in Shandong Province, where he joined his uncle Duan Congde, who was in charge of the army. ⊙Duan Qirui has a problem. When he gets angry, his nose will tilt to one side. After massage, he can straighten it.People gave him the nicknames "General Crooked Nose" and "Duan Crooked Nose".According to legend, Duan Qirui was pissed off four times: one was when Yuan Shikai resolutely disagreed with his recommended confidant as Secretary of the State Council; one was when his favorite student was killed in Tianjin; His son had an affair; another time he asked Li Yuanhong to affix his seal with the "Proposal of Participating in the War Against Germany" and asked Li Yuanhong to stamp it, but Li refused to do so and neglected him.These crooked noses were corrected after massage. ⊙ Duan Qirui is not very particular about dressing.At home, he always wears a long gown and a melon cap; in public, sometimes his suit and tie are all askew to one side, but he doesn't care. ⊙One day, Duan Qirui entertained foreign guests. Before leaving, he changed into a Chinese-style blue robe and mandarin jacket because the Western-style dress shoes did not fit and the collar buttons could not be buttoned.But after changing clothes, the blue robe is too short and the sleeves of the gown are too long, which makes people laugh. ⊙Duan Qirui's official residence in Fuxue Hutong, the overall scale is very grand, but the interior furnishings are extremely simple.The tents hanging in the bedroom are all made of coarse white cloth. ⊙Duan Qirui has a subordinate named Su, and the family bought a five or six-year-old girl.Mrs. Su abused her and often beat the child black and blue.After Duan Qirui heard about it, he called this subordinate to scold him severely, and then asked his wife to take in the little girl. ⊙After the July 7th Incident, Japanese mobs prepared to storm the Chinese embassy in Japan.The Japanese police got the news and informed Ambassador Xu Shiying in advance to remind him to close the gate in advance.Xu disagreed, and sent someone to tell the Japanese police: "The staff of the Chinese embassy will never be afraid of death. Japanese thugs want to invade the Chinese embassy, let them do as they please, and the iron gate of the embassy will never be closed. As for maintaining law and order, it is up to the Japanese police." What happened.” Later, when the demonstration team arrived, the Chinese embassy really opened its iron gates, and the Japanese commented, “This short man is full of guts!” Xu was not tall, so he was called a short man. ⊙In the Zhili-Anhui war, the Zhili was defeated, and the Beijing government wanted the so-called top ten culprits of the Anhui clique.Of the photos of the top ten culprits, only eight were found in total, and among them, those of Ding Shiyuan and Wang Zhilong, they could not be found anywhere.When I asked later, I realized that these two brothers never took pictures, no matter whether it was a public or private banquet or a grand occasion, if someone wanted to take pictures of them, they would do everything possible to turn them down.The person in charge had no choice but to attach the pictures of Ma Ershunzi and Xiao Guogui, the famous pickpockets back then, to show that Ma Xiao and Ding Wang are like Hu Ben Zhonglang, and they prepared a table for reference. ⊙Jin Yunpeng and Pan Fu are from the same hometown. It is said that Jin's mother worked as a nanny in Pan's family. Later, Jin Yunpeng became the Prime Minister of the State, and Pan Fu followed suit and became the Deputy Minister of Finance.After the fall of the Anhui Clan, Pan Fu joined the Feng Clan and made friends with Zhang Zongchang. ⊙Jin Yunpeng told Feng Guozhang that the situation in the north is like a censer with three legs.The President (Feng Guozhang) is like one leg of this incense burner, and the Prime Minister (Duan Qirui) and Donghai (Xu Shichang) are like the other two.With such three legs, will you still be afraid that the incense burner will not stand stably? ⊙Duan Qirui scolded Feng Guozhang: "Feng Huafu (Feng character) was originally a dog, but now it seems that he is not as good as a dog!" On December 28, 1919, Feng Guozhang died of illness, Duan Qirui went to Feng's family to pay his respects in person, before the funeral Cry loudly. ⊙Ni Sichong, governor of Anhui, met President Li Yuanhong and recommended his nephew Ni Yufen as a lieutenant general and his son Ni Youchen as a major general.President Li Da, who has always been kind, reprimanded loudly this time: "What, did you come to Beijing to seek wealth for your nephew and son? Are they worthy of lieutenant generals and major generals?" ⊙In addition to cultivating a personal force, Duan Qirui also paid great attention to attracting important people around Yuan Shikai. In November 1912, Duan hired Ding Shiyuan, Yuan's confidant, as his deputy chief. Later, Xu Shiying, the Fengtian civil affairs chief (governor) who was reused by Yuan, was also recruited by Duan and became an allied brother. Xu later became an important staff member in Duan's clique. . ⊙Duan Qirui's department, with Xu Shuzheng as the head, has attracted a large number of people. In addition to Jin Yunpeng and other four kings, Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu, and Zhang Zongxiang are in charge of diplomatic affairs, and Zeng Yujun and Li Sihao are in charge of finances. In addition, Wang Yitang and other Anfu factions controlled the National Assembly, while Ni Sichong and Lu Yongxiang held heavy troops outside.Xu Shiying, Liang Hongzhi, Zhu Shen, Wang Zhilong, Zhou Ziqi, etc. are also important politicians of the Anhui Clan. ⊙In 1917, Duan Qirui beat Zhang Xun away and expelled the former president Li Yuanhong, and supported Feng Guozhang, who was in Jiangsu, to come to Beijing as acting president.Duan, Feng, and Wang Shizhen gathered in Beijing to recount the old relationship of the "Three Heroes of Beiyang", saying, "Our old brothers are connected as one body, regardless of the president, prime minister, or general manager. We only want to work together. From now on, there will be nothing There is a court battle."But soon after, Feng and Duan had a split. ⊙Among the Beiyang warlords, Zhang Huaizhi and Cao Kun have the closest relationship. They often declare: Mr. Cao is my brother. If he takes a step, I will follow him; if he runs, I will take a step.Zhang is not very educated but loves to use pens. When he issued an order, he wrote the wrong word and made a joke. Wang Shizhen commented: "Huaizhi learned everything from Cao Kun, and there is one thing that has not learned at home. Cao is not educated, but knows how to write." Hide clumsy, dare not mess with the pen." ⊙A certain brigade commander of the Anhui Department said in a speech to the officers and soldiers of the brigade: "War must be fought! The purpose of training the army is to fight, and now we must be ready. The army is like a dog. Whoever the master tells us to bite we Just go bite someone." ⊙In 1918, Duan Qirui instructed the "Anfu Congress" to elect Cao Kun as the vice president, but the members felt that the price offered was too low, so they were unwilling to vote and went around to have fun.General Wang Yitang, Duan's confidant, sent people to look for him everywhere.On one of the roads, more than forty congressmen were arrested in Tianjin brothels. ⊙After the Anhui Clan stepped down, the Anfu Clan's dignitaries were flying like cats and dogs. The shelter at that time, apart from the Liuguo Hotel, was Dongjiaomin Lane.Even the washrooms of the Liuguo Hotel were full, and Dongjiaomin Lane was also overcrowded.Chief Justice Zhu Shen went one step too late. There was only one cow shed left, and there were a few houses left. He spent 80 oceans a day in rent to move all his wives, concubines and children into the house.The word "cowshed" is engraved on the door of the dairy shed. ⊙Duan Qirui is more polite to literati, but not false to martial arts.Shandong governor Tian Zhongyu paid homage to Duan Qirui, and just said a few words about military affairs, Duan Qirui said impatiently: "Stop talking nonsense, do you know any strategy?" ⊙As the first literati president since the Republic of China, Xu Shichang flaunted the rule of culture everywhere, but he couldn't handle the forces of the northern and southern warlords, especially the southern warlords.At that time, a Beijing newspaper published a couplet: There is Donghai (Xu Shichang) in the north, and Xilin (Cen Chunxuan) in the south. Look at how these two things can reconcile the north and the south. ⊙Li Yuanhong was admitted to the Beiyang Naval Academy at the age of 19, and was deeply loved by the school's general manager Sa Zhenbing and supervisor Yan Fu.During the Sino-Japanese War, Li Yuanhong's ship hit a rock and sank. Li Yuanhong was lucky to be rescued after drifting at sea for more than ten hours. ⊙The 17-year-old Zhang Xueliang met with Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng, exaggerating and exaggerating, with the spirit of shooting eagles in the clouds.Before leaving, Jin Yunpeng said to Zhang: "Good boy! In the future, we will kill people like hemp and spend money like dirt!" Zhang smiled and left. ⊙Li Yuanhong stepped down and worked as an apartment in Tianjin.Duan Qirui was afraid that he would be used by the Southwest Warlords, so he always wanted to send someone to invite him to Beijing.Li refused.At that time, there was a big flood in Tianjin, and Duan advised Li to go to Beijing to avoid the flood.Li replied: "Because of the flood, I am busy helping the victims, and I really can't separate myself." ⊙One time, at a Buddhist meeting place in Beijing, Wu Peifu was wearing a monk's robe and a monk's hat.After a while, Duan Qirui arrived, Wu got up and called "Teacher", in front of many people, Duan pretended not to hear. ⊙Duan Yisheng is headstrong. Some people say that Duan's headstrongness is not for "self", but for "he". This "he" refers to Xu Shuzheng. ⊙The Beiyang government stipulates that when the new president takes office, for example, the Ministry of Finance will raise 1.5 million yuan, and the chief minister will personally send it to the president as pocket expenses after taking office; the president will keep 1 million yuan, and the remaining 500,000 yuan will be handed over to the heads of various ministries.This example was started by Yuan Shikai, and every president followed suit.When Xu Shichang became president, Cao Rulin sent 1.5 million yuan as usual, and Xu kept all of it. ⊙After the March 18 massacre, Duan Qirui said to Beijing security commander Li Mingzhong: "Li Mingzhong, can you maintain law and order in Beijing? If you can't, I will withdraw you, replace you, and shoot you!" Li Mingzhong stepped back and bowed and said: "Government, don't be angry, don't be angry, I can maintain law and order, I can maintain law and order." ⊙Duan Qirui has a stubborn personality, everyone gave him the nickname "Duan Ligong".Later, when he took office in the ruling government, he made compromises and made concessions to Zhang Zuolin, Feng Yuxiang and others, so everyone changed his name to "Duan Ai Gong". ⊙Duan Qirui said to Deng Hanxiang: "Although playing cards is a game, you can also see a person's quality. When Lu Zongyu played cards, he looked sneaky and annoying. Other people's tickets were placed on the table, but he pretended Take it from your pocket at any time. If someone wins the card, he will owe it first, which makes people unhappy." ⊙Wang Zhilong was originally a clerk in a grain store in Tianjin, but later made a fortune and became a huge fortune.One day when he was playing tea in a brothel, it rained heavily suddenly, and he heard someone next door yelling for a game of cards, three missing one.When he learned that the next door was Anhui star Ni Sichong, he volunteered to join the poker game. Ni lost 40,000 yuan to Wang in one night, but Wang Yiwen didn't want it, and the two became close friends from then on.Wang Zhilong was gradually invoked by Ni Sichong and became the chief financial officer of the cabinet. ⊙Fu Liangzuo often played cards with Duan Qirui, so he was very favored by Duan Qirui. When the Hunan Governor was vacant, Duan pushed Fu to succeed him.Then, someone commented behind his back: "Fu Liangzuo played cards and played a warlord." ⊙Fu Liangzuo became the Deputy Chief of the Army, actually exercising the power of the Minister of the Army. He was very popular for a while, and the servant who served tea and water in the Fu family dared to ask for ten yuan as a reward.Chen Heng was originally appointed as the governor of Gansu, but because he refused to give gifts, he fell through the water. ⊙Duan Qirui pointed to Jin Yunpeng at the opening ceremony of the Sergeant Teaching Corps and said to the soldiers: "Look at Jin Dulian, he was a soldier under me back then, but now he is the Prime Minister of the State. You are the same, as long as you obey Order, obey the discipline, and practice your skills well, you will have a bright future in the future." ⊙The government's finances were exhausted, and Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng could not pay the army's salary, so there were mutinies in various provinces, and telegrams urging payment came like a snowflake.Jin had no choice but to invite Zhang Zuolin to the north and Cao Kun and Wang Zhanyuan to the south to hold a meeting to discuss the matter.Zhang, Cao, and Wang are all mahjong fans, so Jin invited a few of them to discuss military pay while playing mahjong.Jin always loses, and the wallets of the three giants are full, so it is difficult to mention the matter of military pay. ⊙Jin Yunpeng was the prime minister, and Cao Rui complained about the unfair distribution of military pay.The two got angry at a financial meeting.Jin said: "If you are not in charge, you don't know the difficulties, or you can try!" Cao said: "If you can't be, you will step down!" Jin said: "I don't want to do it at all, but you have no right to say that !" Cao said: "Stop talking nonsense, get out of here!" ⊙Jin Yunpeng is Duan Qirui's big disciple, and together with Xu Shuzheng, he becomes Duan's right-hand man.Jin and Zhang Zuolin are in-laws, and they are brothers with Cao Kun, and they have a fierce fight with Xu Shichang.During the Zhiwan War, Jin Yunpeng suddenly joined the Zhili.After Duan Qirui stepped down, Jin went to Fuxue Hutong, cried and bowed to the ground, begging Duan's forgiveness, saying that he "did it as a last resort".At that time, people ridiculed him as a "soft defector". ⊙Jin Yunpeng was born in poverty, and his mother used to be Pan Fu's nurse. At that time, Jin's third younger brother Yunhe was also in his infancy, and Pan Fu and Jin Yunhe became nurse brothers.Later, when Jin Yunpeng made his fortune and became prime minister, and Pan Fu also became prime minister, the common people misrepresented that "one nanny gave birth to two prime ministers". ⊙Duan Zhigui was one of the "Thirteen Taibaos" of Yuan Shikai's imperial system. After Yuan died, he took refuge in Duan Qirui. People called Duan Qirui "Da Duan" and Duan Zhigui "Small Duan".Xiao Duan is actually Da Duan's (Qi Rui) distant cousin, and is appreciated by Da Duan because of his loyalty. ⊙In 1924, Jiangsu Qi Xieyuan and Zhejiang Lu Yongxiang fought for Shanghai, known as the "Battle of Qilu" in history.The two armies fought for more than forty days, and most of the time they dug trenches and defended.Every day at dawn, as usual, one side fired a volley of artillery first, and then the other side fired back. The artillery battle between the two sides lasted until about ten o'clock, and of course few people were injured.The next step is to stop beating on both sides, cooking, drying clothes, and eating.When it was getting dark in the afternoon, they bombarded each other in the same way as in the morning, and then regenerated the fire to cook, eat and go to bed, which is called a drill-style war. ⊙Duan Qirui's life, the most admired Yuan Shikai, the most trusted Xu Shuzheng, the most hated Wu Peifu, the most feared Mrs. Zhang (Yuan Shikai's goddaughter), the most proud of Machang vows, the most downcast when he escaped from the ruling government . ⊙In February 1918, a large amount of ordnance was shipped from Japan and purchased for President Feng Guozhang to expand his direct troops.Xu Shuzheng sent a secret telegram to Zhang Zuolin, and when he accepted it, he turned the front of the car upside down and transported a load of ammunition to the outside of the pass.Afterwards, Duan Qirui reprimanded Xu: teach Xi Shengmu. ⊙In 1924, Duan Qirui went to Beijing to set up the executive government.Immediately, a power was sent to Xu Shuzheng in Europe, asking him to come back to discuss the formation of a cabinet.Xu replied that he did not agree with the title of "ruling power" and expressed that he was willing to apply for the appointment of a "special envoy with full powers" to various countries.Duan immediately appointed him as "Special Envoy to Investigate European, American and Japanese Political and Economic Envoys". ⊙One day, Xu Shuzheng and Zhang Zuolin were drinking.Xu said to Zhang, brother, you have territory and an army, so don't be brave.I am weak now and cannot conquer you.If it really doesn't work, I will bring Japanese soldiers to beat you in the future.Zhang hurriedly raised his glass and said, brother, why is this so, my soldiers are your soldiers, cheers!cheers! ⊙A reporter wanted to report on Duan Qirui’s burning of Hankou. Xu Shuzheng said to him: “You should report it like this. The burning of Hankou was not the idea of Duan Juntong. Duan Juntong has already reported to the Ming court that the arsonist will be severely punished and will be investigated seriously. The loss of life and property of the people will be compensated. The battle in Hankou has affected the people of Liming, and Duan Juntong is deeply saddened..." After finishing speaking, he put another wad of money in front of the reporter, who refused to accept it.Xu immediately called two swordsmen, and the reporter had no choice but to take the money. ⊙In 1925, Xu Shuzheng and Sun Chuanfang went to Nantong to visit Zhang Jian, intending to let Zhang leave the mountain.At the banquet, Xu Kun became addicted to opera and sang a song with great pride.After singing, he asked Zhang for a poem, and Zhang took a unique gift to Xu: "The general sang about the great Jiangdong, Qi and Meilang are two heroes. Knowing the meaning of rigidity and softness, Yan Zhangxiu asked the old villager." Let's talk about Zhang going out of the mountain. ⊙Zhang Jian and Xu Shuzheng have a good relationship, and Xu Yi serves Zhang as a teacher.One day, Zhang Jian dreamed that Xu had written him a poem: "When we parted with Gongsheng, it was too late to regret parting ways."The scholar of the army and horse finally misunderstood me, who knows that the sound of the river hates me?Zhang woke up with a start, wondering if something had happened to Xu Shuzheng, and news of Xu's assassination soon came. ⊙After Xu Shuzheng's death, Duan Qirui not only ordered Feng Yuxiang to arrest the murderer immediately, but also personally wrote "Xu Junshuzheng Shinto Monument" to commemorate this old friend.Duan also set up a mourning hall for Xu Shuzheng at home to express his condolences, and asked his descendants to place Xu's coffin next to the coffins of Duan's ancestors for worship. ⊙In the autumn of 1919, Zhang Jingyao, a warlord of the Anhui clique and governor of Hunan Province, was on his 40th birthday.Wu Peifu was preparing for a military rebellion against Anhui, so he sent a telegram: I heard that the commander-in-chief is in the Spring and Autumn Period. By then, Peifu will personally lead all the officers and soldiers to come to Changsha to celebrate his birthday!Zhang quickly ordered to stop celebrating his birthday. ⊙ On February 9, 1924, Zhang Jingyao, a warlord of the Anhui Clique, visited Luoyang at the invitation of Wu Peifu.Wu hosted a banquet to welcome him, during which the lights suddenly went out.Zhang was taken aback, and quickly pulled out his pistol and pointed it at Wu, wanting to kill everything.But Wu was as if nothing had happened, drinking and talking and laughing as usual. ⊙ Zhang Jingyao supervised Xiang, and his fourth brother Zhang Jingtang was his brigade commander.Zhang Jingtang often compared himself to Zhuge Liang. He once put on gossip costumes and a goose-feather fan, and asked his horses, "Do you think I look like Mr. Wolong?" The horses responded, "Mr. Wolong only Knowing how to use tricks but not knowing how to fight, how can it compare with our four commanders who are both wise and brave?" ⊙When Zhang Huaizhi was in charge of Lu, finances were tight, so Zhang suggested that all officials should reduce their salaries.In order to set an example, Zhang first reduced his salary by 1,000 yuan, and stipulated that all officials, big and small, should be paid 80% of their salary.Afterwards, the secretary submitted the salary reduction list, Zhang Huaizhi turned to the first page, crossed out his name, and paid the full salary. ⊙Zhang Huaizhi, the governor of Shandong Province, lectured more than 180 candidate county magistrates from this province, saying: "Each of you has a province under your own control, and the same land, why not grab other provinces but come to this province! I am a young soldier When I was young, I kept my purpose firmly and became a robber if I didn’t get promoted. I will never be a robber in this province. One is because I can’t bear it, and the other is that I made a fortune as a robber. I know the source of the money in my hometown, so I can’t boast to others. You guys The governor is really ignorant!" ⊙When Zhang Huaizhi was governor of Shandong Province, he thought of a way to draw lots because he was illiterate.The first thing to do after taking office is to write the name of the important person in the provincial government on the label. If something happens, draw a lot, and then hand over the matter to this person.This move not only improves the efficiency of the provincial government, but also overcomes the bad habit of key officials absent from work.One day, Yao Peng, the chief of the section, was drawn. He called out several times, but seeing no one answered, Zhang Huaizhi became furious and ordered to beat him with two hundred army sticks.This section chief Yao Peng is an old celebrity, and all the previous governors respected him. He happened to be away on business that day.Therefore, officials from all provincial departments unanimously pleaded for forgiveness.Zhang Huaizhi insisted on not complying, saying: "The prince broke the law and committed the same crime as the common people, and two hundred army sticks are inevitable." After many pleadings, a compromise was reached, and Yao Peng personally wrote an IOU and presented it to Zhang Huaizhi.The IOU is: It is owed: 200 army sticks from the Provincial Governor's Office.This article was written by Yao Peng on October 4, the fifth year of the Republic of China. ⊙When Xu Shichang was president, Zhang Huaizhi was appointed chief of staff, but this chief was sandwiched between several big warlords, who wanted power but no power, money but no money.Once there was a riot in the staff department, Zhang Huaizhi said: "I have changed into a robe now. I can't be like a short jacket. I went to rob and share a few money with everyone. We have no choice but to be poor." ⊙ During the May 4th Movement, the Zhao family building was set on fire, and Zhang Zongxiang was severely beaten. If Zhongjiang Chouji, who just happened to come, blocked it with all his might, the consequences would have been disastrous.After being beaten, Zhang Zongxiang was admitted to the hospital. It is said that he was not out of danger for a long time. Hearing that the student who caused the accident was arrested, not only did he not file a charge, but his wife replaced Zhang Zongxiang with bail to release the student. ⊙After the Zhiwan War, Duan Qirui stepped down.He swore in front of the Buddha that he would sincerely convert to Buddhism regardless of worldly affairs, and said: "These warlords have resorted to armed forces and brought disaster to the country and the people. It was King Ashura who was reincarnated to create a catastrophe. Although I am a bodhisattva, I have the compassion to save all beings." Wish power, but the Tao is one foot tall and the devil is ten feet tall, although the mana is powerful, it is difficult to defeat the demons." The listeners all snickered. ⊙After the September 18th Incident, Duan Qirui was invited by Chiang Kai-shek to go south.The Nanjing government gave Duan Qirui 20,000 yuan a month in living expenses, which was too much for Duan Ci.Jiang said that if the teacher can't use it all up, he can give the old robe as a gift.Duan Sui stayed, keeping several thousand yuan a month, and sent all the rest to the old ministry. ⊙When Li Yuanhong became president, Sun Faxu, the magistrate of Ding County, a "model county" in Hebei, came to Beijing to congratulate him, and was immediately appointed governor of Shandong Province. ⊙During the conflict between the government and court, Li Yuanhong once illegally dissolved the Congress in order to keep his position, so many members were dissatisfied with him.Once the Congress opened, Li Yuanhong also attended and sat on the presidential bench.Zou Lu asked the speaker: "Is it Li Yuanhong who is sitting on the presidential seat?" In the presidential seat, drive him out!" The councilors coaxed Li Yuanhong away. ⊙In 1923, Li Yuanhong was expelled from Beijing by the generals of the direct line and hid in the Tianjin Concession.But Li still regarded himself as the president, and there were often official letters delivered to the leader and minister of that year, the Portuguese minister Fu Lide, talking about things.At the beginning, Fu Lide translated and translated at any time. Later, there were more and more documents, and there were a lot of antique and squishy parallel scripts. It was stated at the meeting that there was no need to transmit this document. ⊙When others give Duan Qirui gifts, Duan always picks out one or two worthless things and accepts them, and returns the rest.Qi Xieyuan gave Duan Qirui a gift, and there were twenty gifts listed on the gift list, among which were several screens inlaid with gemstones, and Duan returned them all.Zhang Zuolin sent Duan Qirui many river fish and gazelle from the Kanto, and Duan accepted two river fish at the repeated request of Zhang's adjutant. ⊙There is an old man in the Duan family named Xing Baozhai. Duan Qirui was often scolded by him for not being clean when he was a child.Later, when Duan became rich, someone joked with him, "You look down on him, but you still have to go to the street to buy a broom." Xing could only say, "We didn't know he would be here today! If I had known it, Treat him better in the first place!" ⊙Duan Qirui wrote the "Eight Don'ts" testament with his own hands when he drove west of Hehe: don't lighten political disputes because of what I see; Words and deeds are self-shaking.Those who talk about diplomacy should not forget to consolidate national defense; those who are in charge of education should not forget to preserve the quintessence of the country; ⊙After the failure of the Anhui Clique, Xu Shuzheng, who was hiding in the Japanese barracks, was eager to take revenge, so he curled up in a large wicker basket and asked two Japanese soldiers to carry him to the station. ⊙Xu Shuzheng is from Xuzhou and likes to eat steamed buns from his hometown.When he eats baked buns, he mainly rolls these home-cooked dishes: fried vermicelli with soybean sprouts, fried radish fish with shredded radish, chili sauce, and green onions with salt and pepper.Every time he eats these, Xu has endless aftertastes. ⊙Xu Shuzheng visited France and entertained French officials.During the dinner, he said: "The food is not good, please forgive me!" As soon as he said this, the restaurant owner said: "You say that my food is not good in front of so many high-ranking and noble people, how will I do business in the future? I must apologize, Otherwise, I will sue you." Xu had no choice but to publish an apology in the newspaper. ⊙During the inspection of Europe, at a certain dinner, Xu Shuzheng said to his subordinates: "I have a couplet with only four characters, called 'Open Office', who can tell you?" Everyone was silent.Xu said, read it backwards, everyone laughed.At this time, one person said "the private case" and read it backwards as "the case is private", and Xu said it was okay. ⊙One day, Jin Yunpeng invited Cao Kun to a banquet and specially made a famous hometown dish "Steamed Arhat Gluten".As soon as this dish is served, there are gluten in the middle and eighteen mushrooms around it, just like eighteen arhats.Cao was very happy, and after tasting it, he praised it again and again.Since then, the value of "Burning Arhat Gluten" has doubled. ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese asked Cao Rulin to serve as the president of the pseudo-United Reserve Bank. Cao declined and said: "I am old. Secondly, I am so afraid of the bank that I dare not obey." Wang Kemin, chairman of the pseudo-North China Political Affairs Committee, thought Appointing Cao as the director of the Grain Bureau, Cao took the steamed steamed corn bread with mixed noodles and said to Wang, "How can the common people swallow this kind of food?" ⊙When Xu Shuzheng was in his hometown, he saw his eldest brother Xu Shuxian lying on the bed smoking opium. Xu approached the bed, took off the glass cover, threw the brass lamp holder and opium pipe to the ground, and then left.Xu Shuzheng chased him to the door and yelled at him, saying that he would go to the Presidential Palace in Beijing to sue Xu Shuzheng for "committing chaos".