Chapter 34 Guilds: Catch the excitement of the revolution

Although the gang traces its history back to the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, it has something to do with resisting the alien rule of the Qing Dynasty, and even compiled myths related to the Shaolin Temple.But if you look at it academically, it can be seen that the rise of gangs was at most in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.The society has a large population, and more people leave the land to make a living. After all industries related to market transactions, commodity circulation, and personnel movement, such as cars, biography, stores, feet, and teeth, have flourished, gangs will naturally come into being. pregnancy.In the final analysis, gangs, no matter what the banner is, are nothing more than people who have left the land and patriarchal clan, and do non-agricultural business in other places to make a living. It is an organization that relies on self-help and mutual assistance. A form of reproduction is presented.Of course, the rulers didn't like such organizations, because they were outside the original social network and somewhat threatening to the emperor's beloved order.It's not that the gang didn't want to whitewash themselves, but in the imperial era, in an agricultural society, there was no such possibility.The emperor won't allow it, and neither can the country gentry.Therefore, this kind of organization can only operate semi-underground, and because of the imperial court's suppression, it has a bit of a rebellious flavor, including the history that I fabricated.But in essence, the gang does not want to provoke the court, they want to live.When mobilized by the revolutionaries, many people, including some leading uncles, did not know that their gang had the so-called purpose of anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty.

The revolutionaries were born to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, and they took a fancy to the gang.Firstly, the gang has a vaguely anti-Qing and Ming-ming hat. Secondly, the gang is indeed oppressed by the government and does some illegal activities. It has the nature of the third society and has the potential to rebel.In fact, the revolutionary party is different from the gang. The revolutionary party does not want to live, or live a good life.But the gang still wants to live in peace. If they can live in peace with the government, they would rather live in peace.It's just that the government doesn't allow them and always adopts an offensive posture, which gives the revolutionary party a chance to win them over.The combination of the gang and the revolutionaries made the gang, which had no real danger to the imperial court, restless.Obviously, not all gangs like the Revolutionary Party, but the gangs of the Revolutionary Party, no matter the Green Gang, the Hong Gang, or gangs with names such as Gelaohui, Triad, and Paoge, all increase their rebelliousness.In fact, in the uprisings instigated by the revolutionary party in the late Qing Dynasty, the congregations of the gangs proved unreliable.Except for a few leaders who were incited by the revolutionary propaganda, they really used their weapons, and most of the minions slipped away with oil on their feet.Back then, the three branches of the Tongmenghui, the Xingzhonghui, Huaxinghui, and Guangfuhui, were all keen to encourage gangs to rebel, but none of them succeeded.

However, the failure of rebellion does not mean the failure of booing.During the Wuchang Uprising in the year of 1911, all parts of the country responded.There are at least four places where gangs played a part in promoting the revolution.One is Guangdong, the other is Shaanxi, the other is Shanghai, and the other is Hunan, where the revolutionaries have cultivated for many years.The 1911 Uprising in Hunan was carried out jointly by the Hui Party and the New Army.Because it was the general trend, the uprising met no resistance at all.Huang Zhonghao, the commander of the patrol battalion who was killed on the day of the uprising, seemed to have no intention of resisting at all.Huang Zhonghao was originally a new figure who studied in Japan. He was very close to the constitutional gentry of the Hunan Consultative Bureau, and it is said that he was deeply supported by the gentry.After the Wuchang Uprising, the provinces became independent one after another, which had a lot to do with the fact that the constitutionalists in the local council bureaus did not intend to help the imperial court.Huang was not considered an enemy of the revolution at that time.In fact, if Huang planned to resist at that time, he should have led his troops out.But no matter what, after such coaxing, the uprising succeeded, Jiao Dafeng, the leader of Hongmen in Hunan, became the governor, and Chen Zuoxin, who was born in the New Army and also a gang, became the deputy governor.

In the Revolutionary Party, Jiao Dafeng is seen as a comrade, but in Hongmen, Jiao Dafeng is a big brother.The eldest brother became the governor, and the world naturally belonged to the Hongmen.The Hongmen brothers from all over the province all went to the city.Set up camp in the governor's mansion, set up a pot to cook.The governor's mansion has open water seats all day long, people come and go, and everyone asks for resettlement, and returns home to be the county magistrate and commander.If you don't like it, you will yell and say that the governor is not loyal.Hongmen was originally engaged in illegal business, but at this time, they were doing everything on the street, gathering crowds to gamble, eating and drinking for free, and even robbing during the day.All factions of the Hongmen opened their incense halls one after another, scattered them across the seabed, and blatantly swaggered through the market.For a while, all the crimes and crimes on the street were attributed to Hongmen.Many people dressed up like Wusheng in the drama, wearing night clothes and a hydrangea on their hats, thinking that this was the majesty of Han officials.Tan Renfeng, another leader of the Revolutionary Party who joined Hongmen, wanted to rectify the situation and put forward the "Community Improvement Proposal". Before it could be implemented, the office was bombed and had to walk quickly.

Another place where incense halls are opened is Shaanxi.The party members who participated in the uprising were mixed with the new army to form the militia.The establishment of the civilian army is the same as that of the new army, with brigades, regiments, battalions and platoons.However, the party organization actually replaced the army organization, and the Xiangtang was the real organization of the soldiers.Inner Eight Halls, Outer Eight Halls, Mountain Master, Military Advisor, Hong Gun, and the youngest.Red flag, blue flag, black flag.If you don't enter the cottage, you won't be able to get along in the army.Of course, the most creative one was Zhang Yunshan, the leader of the Hui Party. He drew up an official title of his own, saying: "When you see a senior official, if you listen to the instructions but don't listen to the announcement, everyone in the world will ask for the Marshal of the Army and Horses, which is bigger than the president of the provisional government."Such an official title is probably only found in dramas, and only the leader of the elder brother's association can get it.

This kind of revolution mixed with the party was lively and lively, but not only the gentry were unhappy, but the common people couldn't stand it, and the foreigners were even more angry.After the revolution, Shaanxi became the world of the Gelaohui. According to the description of foreign priests, it has become a hell on earth.Not only were a large number of Manchus killed, but even ordinary civilians were not spared, and even some missionaries were violated.The revolutionaries tried their best to protect the church, but they couldn't.Therefore, the two governors in Hunan were assassinated, and the parties in other places were also eliminated successively.Only the Huidang in Shaanxi was more tenacious, but they restrained themselves under pressure. They didn't enter the mountains one after another until Yuan Shikai took action, and became professional swordsmen.Before Yuan Shikai came forward, the provinces that responded to the Wuchang Uprising successively, the party members were either squeezed to the side by the new army, or were driven away by the people from the original Consultative Bureau.After the revolution, Hongmen was very dissatisfied with the revolutionary party headed by Sun Yat-sen.Later, Hongmen established a political party, and actually took Chen Jiongming, a traitor of Sun Yat-sen, as its leader.But, in turn, the Revolutionary Party also suffered from bad reputation.In the eyes of many people, there is no difference between a socialist party and a revolutionary party.

In China's revolution, refugees are indeed a force.However, relying on this force, the revolution will inevitably become a disorderly mass.Lively, but also troublesome.To make the revolution disorderly, to make the revolutionaries undisciplined and repulsive.Naturally, there is no power.This is why Yuan Shikai later attacked the revolutionary party, and the revolutionary party members who claimed to have half of the country collapsed immediately.