Chapter 5 Fourth, the current situation created Tang Xuanzong
In 690 A.D., Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor and descended to Tang Ruizong Li Dan as the heir of the emperor.Li Dan had five sons at this time: the eldest, Chengqi, was born when the Liu family was not a successor; Two younger brothers, Long Fan, was born to Cui Ruren, Long Ye, was born to Concubine Wang De, and Long Ti, was born to a court lady, who came out late and died early.At that time, Li Chengqi had been established as the grandson of the emperor, Li Chengyi was named Hengwang, Li Longji was named Chuwang, Li Longfan was named Weiwang, and Li Longye was named Zhaowang.Five brothers, "Taste the name of the five kings, and open the mansion together" ("Old Tang Book Volume Ninety-five Biography of Ruizong Zhuzi").Li Longji ranked third and was affectionately called "Sanlang".Among the five brothers, Li Longji was "born wise and wise", and was loved by his grandmother Wu Zetian since childhood.
No longer the emperor, Li Dan moved out of the palace with his family, and "opened a mansion and set up officials" alone.On the first day of every month and the fifteenth day, Li Dan's family will go to the court to meet Wu Zetian. Li Longji's car is the most "rigorous", quite majestic and eye-catching.Wu Yizong, the Jinwu general who guards the court, is Wu Zetian's uncle and nephew, and he always "want to break" Li Longji's prestige.Once, Wu Yizong deliberately refused to allow Li Longji to pass through the palace.Li Longji scolded loudly: "My court, what are you doing? Dare to force me to ride!" ("Old Tang Book Volume 8 Xuanzong Benji") At this time, Li Longji was only 7 years old.After Wu Zetian heard about it, she felt that the child was very unusual, and she "extremely favored him".It's a pity that under Wu Zetian's high pressure, the Li family's clan was in danger, even her own son. Soon after, a bigger disaster came to Li Dan's family.
In the first month of the second year of longevity (693), Wu Zetian held sacrificial activities in Vientiane Shrine.After the grand ceremony, the next morning, Crown Prince Li Dan's concubine Liu and concubine Dou entered the palace together to congratulate Wu Zetian.Wu Zetian showed a slight smile, asked a few simple words, and ordered the two of them to retreat.However, the attendants waited outside the palace for a long time, but they never saw the two concubines coming out. They asked the palace people around Wu Zetian, but no one knew about it.The attendants had to go back to the East Palace.However, when it was dark, even the shadows of the two concubines were gone.Prince Li Dan stayed up all night, and just after dawn, he took some people to the Jiayu Palace where Wu Zetian received the concubine's congratulations to look for it.But Wu Zetian didn't allow the prince to enter the palace, and ordered the servant to send a message: "The two concubines have left the Jiayu Palace and have never been here since. Please go out and look for the prince." The prince Li Dan had to withdraw.
Time passed day by day, and there was no news of Concubine Liu and Concubine Dou.Prince Li Dan gradually understood that the second concubine had probably been murdered.The murderer is none other than his mother, who is passionate about power.Wu Zetian executed the two innocent concubines quietly in order to warn him.Despite the endless grief and indignation, Li Dan still warned himself: No matter how sad and indignant, you can't show your resentment.He also strictly prohibited anyone in the East Palace from talking about this matter, and asked his sons to keep silent and calm.The two concubines were murdered inexplicably in this way, and even the bodies were not found.
At that time, Wu Zetian was hesitating about whether to pass the throne to the Wu family or the Li family in the future.At that time, Li Dan had been wearing the title of crown prince. In order to seize the position of crown prince, Wu Chengsi, the nephew of Empress Wu, tried every means to kill Li Dan. People, engraved Wu Zetian's name, nailed a big nail, and placed them under the beds of Concubine Liu and Concubine Dou, and then Tuan'er falsely accused Wu Zetian, saying that the two concubines conspired and cast spells to curse the emperor.The next day, concubines Liu and Concubine Dou went to the palace to congratulate them, but disappeared strangely.
Crown Princess Liu is the granddaughter of Liu Dewei, Shangshu of the Ministry of Justice, and her father Liu Yanjing is the governor of Shanzhou.Liu entered the Xiangwang Palace at that time as a court lady, and soon gave birth to her eldest son, Li Chengqi.In the first year of Wenming (684), Li Dan once ascended the throne as Ruizong, and Concubine Liu was named queen.Soon, Ruizong abdicated to Empress Wu and was still called the prince, and the Liu family was still the prince concubine.
Concubine Dou De was of noble birth, the cousin of Empress Dou, the mother of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, and the great-granddaughter of Dou Hang.Her grandmother was Princess Xiangyang, the second daughter of Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan.When Li Dan was king, Dou entered the palace as a court lady. Soon after, she was favored by Li Dan because of her virtue and beauty, and she gave birth to Li Dan's third son, Li Longji, and two daughters.When she disappeared mysteriously, neither of the two daughters knew anything about the world.Li Dan was cautious everywhere, without showing the slightest feeling of grief and indignation.After Wu Zetian killed the second concubine, she sent someone to secretly observe Li Dan, and was relieved when she saw that he hadn't behaved strangely.
But Wu Chengsi was still not reconciled, and wanted to put Prince Li Dan to death.He once again ordered Tuan'er to slander Wu Zetian, saying that the prince was suspected of being killed by the emperor after the disappearance of the second concubine.Empress Wu believed it was true, and ordered the famous cruel official Lai Junchen to try the case.Lai Junchen immediately arrested Prince Li Dan's family, young and old, as well as servants and servants, and tortured them severely.At first, the servants complained for Prince Li Dan, but later they couldn't stand the torture, so they had to make confessions indiscriminately.
Originally, Prince Li Dan's family, including Li Longji, could not escape this disaster, but things suddenly changed dramatically.After Lai Junchen obtained a statement that was not good for Prince Li Dan, he was triumphant and was about to leave the court when a man broke into the courtroom and shouted loudly: "In the hall, there are severe tortures. Why can't I get a confession? The prince did not rebel!" , why frame him? I am a musician, and I don’t want to interfere in this matter, but it is related to the country, how can I not understand it? I would like to cut my heart to show my heart!” After speaking, he took out a dagger from his arms, tore He opened his clothes and scratched his chest vigorously. Suddenly, blood gushed out, and he immediately passed out on the ground.When the incident happened suddenly, Lai Junchen couldn't help panicking. He walked down the hall to have a look, and saw that the man's chest had been cut open for a long time, and all internal organs could be seen.Touch his nose and mouth, there is still a trace of breath.Lai Junchen didn't know how to deal with it.
This scene happened to be seen by the people sent by Wu Zetian.It turned out that Wu Zetian thought that the case was of great importance, and worried that Lai Junchen would use torture to extract a confession, so he specially sent someone to investigate.When Wu Zetian heard that someone had cut his own heart and appealed for injustice, he was shocked and ordered the imperial doctor to do his best to save the person who committed suicide.
The imperial doctor first put the five internal organs of the man back in place, then sewed up the wound with mulberry suture and applied medicine.It wasn't until dawn the next day that the man opened his eyes, and the imperial doctor poured ginseng soup into his mouth.By noon the man was fully awake.Empress Wu went to visit him in person and asked him what his name was.The man replied: "The minister's name is An Jinzang, from Chang'an, and he is a musician in Taichang Temple." Then he said something innocent about the prince.Wu Zetian was saddened when he heard this, and said: "My own son doesn't know whether he is good or bad, and he has hurt you. It is really a lesson from loyalty!" Let An Jinzang rest at ease.When Wu Zetian returned to the palace, he issued an edict on the same day: "Stop the investigation immediately, and release all the prince's retainers and servants!"See "Zizhi Tongjian Volume 205" for details.
But from then on, Li Dan "stopped paying homage in the palace and never went out to court", and "no one below the public minister was allowed to see him" ("Zizhi Tongjian Volume 205").Li Dan, Longji and his son were actually confined in the palace, completely deprived of freedom of movement.Li Longji, who was less than 9 years old, lost his biological mother.Aunt Dou is the younger sister of Concubine Dou De.
After more than 5 years, Li Xian, the third son of Wu Zetian, was welcomed back to be the crown prince. The emperor's heir Li Dan resigned from the position of crown prince in the first month of the second year of the holy calendar (699), and returned to the throne.The five Li Longji brothers ended their 6-year claustrophobic life and "lived together in a separate courtyard" next to Xiangwang's Mansion in Jishanfang, Luoyang, the eastern capital, called "Five Princes' Residence".This year, Li Longji was 15 years old, his uncle Li Xian was the crown prince, and his father Li Dan was the prime minister. When he returned to the world of freedom, Li Longji felt as happy as a fish in water.
In October of the first year of Dazu (701), Empress Wu Zetian, who had lived in the eastern capital Luoyang for nearly 20 years, led Prince Li Xian, Prime Minister Li Dan, clan children, and civil and military officials west to Guanzhong and returned to the capital Chang'an. 17-year-old Li Longji came to Chang'an, Xijing for the first time, and was given a house in Xingqingfang, in the east corner of the capital.During this period, Li Longji successively served as General Youweilang and Shangnian Fengyu.
In the first year of Shenlong, Li Longji was 21 years old, and Wu Zetian's biography was located in Zhongzong Li Xian.In February, the title of Fuguo was Tang, and the etiquette system was the same as the old one when Gaozong was in power.Li Longji's biological father, Li Dan, was nicknamed "Anguo Xiangwang", Li Longji's aunt, Princess Taiping, was nicknamed "Zhenguo Taiping Princess", and Li Longji moved to Wei Shaoqing.
However, after Prince Li Chongjun's mutiny, Empress Wei became wary of Xiang Wang and Li Longji brothers, and asked Li Longji to leave Luzhou, Li Longfan to Longzhou, and Li Longye to Chenzhou, and let the Li Longji brothers leave. The capital, the center of power, was destroyed.After Li Longji came to Luzhou (now Changzhi, Shanxi) from the capital, he did not settle for pleasure, but subconsciously became a hero and secretly formed a party.
In the third year of Jinglong (709), Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, Li Longji returned to the capital from Luzhou.During his half a year in Chang'an, he "introduced thousands of commanders and handsome men, and gave him food, gold and silk, and won his favor" ("New Book of Tang, Volume 121, Biography of Wang Maozhong").Wanqi is the forbidden army of the imperial court, belonging to the left and right habayashi army.Li Longji fixed his eyes on this guard force, which showed his foresight.As a result, Wanqi Commander Ge Fushun, Chen Xuanli, Li Xianfu, etc. were all pulled over by him.Li Longji also won the support of Princess Taiping.Princess Taiping is the younger sister of Emperor Zhongzong and King Xiang, and Wu Zetian's favorite daughter. Although Empress Wei and others were "forbidden in matters, they all thought that they were not as resourceful as the princess, so they were very afraid of it." , with Zi Chong Jian Cong". ("Old Tang Book Volume 8 Xuanzong Benji")
At this time, an alchemist who would look forward to Qi said to Zhongzong: "The house of the fifth prince in Longqingfang has the air of an emperor." Once again, Zhongzong's suspicion of Li Longji brothers was aroused.
Five princes' houses in Longqingfang, a total of 5 houses, are the residences of the 5 sons of Prime Minister Li Dan, located in the north of Longqing Pool.This Longqing Pond has a lot of origins. It was originally just an ordinary well in a common people's house, but later it was naturally expanded to a large pool covering an area of tens of hectares.A well turned into a large lake, without the slightest manpower, became a sensational miracle at the time.The imperial court also believed that this pool was an auspicious thing, and specially named it "Longqing".
Zhongzong was not at ease all the time, so he used the name of visiting Xinglongqing Pool to visit the fifth prince's residence.Zhongzong's trip was called You Le, and it was actually a sacrifice to the heavens to eliminate disasters. He wanted to suppress the so-called "imperial aura" here as the real dragon emperor.A few months later, Zhongzong suddenly fell ill and died, but it was not Longqingfang's "imperial spirit" that crushed him to death, but his wife Webster poisoned him to death.
After Queen Wei poisoned Zhongzong to death, she did not mourn in secret. She made Li Chongmao, the 16-year-old youngest son of Zhongzong, the emperor, and herself the empress dowager.Fearing that the courtiers would object, she asked Shangguan Wan'er to come forward to discuss with Princess Taiping, hoping to gain Princess Taiping's support.Princess Taiping proposed that Li Dan, the Prime Minister, must be assisted in the government before Empress Wei could come to court, and she wanted to contain Empress Wei.Empress Wei pretended to agree, and when the edict was issued, she formally came to the court to listen to the government, and asked the Prime Minister Li Dan to withdraw from the position of assistant government on the grounds that it was difficult to be in court between the king and his uncle and sister-in-law.
Prime Minister Li Dan has lived under Wu Zetian's high pressure all year round, and has developed an indifferent personality.Empress Wei did not allow him to participate in the government, and he had no opinion, but it aroused Li Longji's dissatisfaction.Li Longji saw that Empress Wei and others were turmoil in the government, and expected that it would be a disaster in the future, so he secretly made friends with Yubayashi generals and heroes in Beijing, and met to wait for an opportunity to cause trouble.
Empress Wei also had a premonition that the threat would come from the home of Prime Minister Li Dan.In order to consolidate her ruling power, she secretly negotiated with her daughter Princess Anle and other cronies to plan to kill the young emperor Li Chongmao, so she blamed the prime minister Li Dan, and took the opportunity to launch a big purge to eradicate all dissidents.
Cui Riyong, the minister of the Ministry of War, learned of Empress Wei's conspiracy, and secretly sent monks from Baochang Temple to Li Longji's mansion late at night to inform him.Li Longji didn't dare to delay, and rushed to Princess Taiping's mansion overnight, and said to Princess Taiping: "The matter is critical now, and the time is not waiting for me. If Auntie hesitates again, everyone will die without a place to die." Princess Taiping was furious and decided to support it. Li Longji contacted the important generals of the Habayashi Army and launched a mutiny.Princess Taiping also ordered her son Xue Chongjian to help, and persuaded Zhong Shaojing, the director of the Yulin Camp, to respond internally.
On the Gengzi night in June of the fourth year of Jinglong (710), that is, on the 18th day after Zhongzong's death, Li Longji and dozens of confidants in the Yulin camp sneaked into the Yubayashi camp from Nanyuan and killed General Yubayashi. After Wei Bo and Gao Song killed them, they held up two heads and showed them to all the soldiers in the Yulin Camp, and announced: "Wei Shi killed the late emperor with poison, and wanted to usurp the country. We should punish all Wei and rebellious ministers and traitors together to avenge the late emperor. "Webster's group has always been unpopular. Li Longji's words resonated with most of the Habayashi sergeants, expressing their willingness to obey and support Li Longji.So, all the people rushed out of the barracks together, and the soldiers were divided into two groups, one to attack Xuande Gate and the other to attack Baishou Gate.After several groups of people gathered in front of Lingyan Pavilion, they all rushed towards Taiji Hall.
Empress Wei, who was sleeping, got up from the bed after hearing the change, and fled the Taiji Hall in all her hair, trying to escape to the Flying Cavalry Camp (the emperor's confidant guard) for refuge.When they encountered rebels on the way, they were killed immediately.The soldiers cut off her head and dedicated it to Li Longji.Princess Anle was beheaded by Wanqiying.At this moment, Shangguan Wan'er has changed from Jieyu to Zhaorong. After hearing about the incident, she immediately took advantage of the wind and took the initiative to lead the palace people to meet Li Longji, but was beheaded by Li Longji under the banner. She was 46 years old when she died.Zhu Wei and Queen Wei's cronies in the Palace of Imperial Guards were all beheaded.The next day, Li Longji ordered the gates of the palace and Chang'an to be closed tightly, and sent Wanqi to hunt down Zhu Wei's relatives and punish him.
When the major event was decided, Li Longji immediately rushed to Xiang Wang's mansion to kowtow to his father to apologize, explaining the difficulties of not being able to inform his father in advance due to the situation.What else could King Xiang say? With tears in his eyes, he hugged his son and said, "My son, you will put down the calamity of the country and save the people of the world. It all depends on your strength. What crime do you have?" Hug and cry.This also shows Li Longji's calm character after making a decision.
On the second day after the incident, Li Chongmao went out to watch the early court as usual, and took his seat on the throne of the emperor. He was unaware of the major changes.At this time, Princess Taiping walked into the hall and said loudly: "Sijun (referring to Li Chongmao) is going to give up his throne to uncle (referring to Li Dan), what do you ministers think?" Some of the ministers had already communicated with Princess Taiping in advance and immediately agreed loudly , said that a long monarch should be established, and all the officials naturally echoed.Princess Taiping walked up to Li Chongmao and said loudly: "People's hearts have already turned to King Xiang, this is no longer your child's seat, come down quickly." Li Chongmao was dumbfounded, at a loss.But Princess Taiping couldn't help but step forward, and with her own hands, forcibly pulled the young emperor Li Chongmao from the emperor's throne. At this time, it was only 16 days before he ascended the throne for the first time.Xiang Wang Li Dan went to the throne and sat down logically, and restored the throne, that is, Tang Ruizong.This shows Princess Taiping's courageous character.She has the same decisive character and passionate desire for power as her mother Wu Zetian, and she is destined to have a fierce conflict with the shrewd and capable Li Longji in the future.
Li Chongmao didn't know what to do after being pulled down from the throne, so he walked to the lower head and stood there with tears in his eyes. He was then conferred the title of King Wen and then King of Chu.Soon, Li Chongmao's elder brother Li Chongfu, the king of Qiao, refused to accept the prime minister, supported his troops to occupy Luoyang, proclaimed himself emperor, and made Li Chongmao the emperor's younger brother.However, Li Chongfu was defeated and died soon after, while Li Chongmao did not know where he ended up.
After Ruizong was restored, he still did not forget the mysterious disappearance of his concubine 17 years ago, and ordered the excavation of the entire Jiayu Palace where Concubine Liu and Concubine Dou De disappeared, but the remains of the two concubines or any clues were never found.Ruizong had no choice but to build two empty mausoleums in the southern suburbs of Luoyang, and posthumously presented Liu as Empress Suming and Dou as Empress Zhaocheng Shunsheng.
Li Longji made great contributions, first he was named King Ping, worshiped as the third rank under Tong Zhongshu's sect, and was soon established as the crown prince.The extermination of Queen Wei's pro-party pushed Li Longji to the center of the historical stage in one fell swoop. However, as soon as he stepped on the political stage, he was in the vortex of power struggle.
Ruizong was restored, and Princess Taiping also contributed a lot.Princess Taiping counts on her merits, and Ruizong also misses the brother-sister relationship a lot, and respects her very much.The siblings have a stark contrast in character. Ruizong is a sluggish and unambitious person, while Princess Taiping has inherited the strong character of her mother Wu Zetian.Whenever the prime minister played something, Ruizong always asked whether he had discussed it with Princess Taiping, so Princess Taiping was even more adept at playing tricks.Prince Li Longji is unwilling to be manipulated by others, so he will inevitably have conflicts with Princess Taiping.
In order to consolidate her position, Princess Taiping also regarded Li Longji as her main enemy, and conspired to abolish him as the crown prince, and appoint another honest, obedient and easy-to-control man as the crown prince.She placed a lot of eyes and ears around Li Longji, asking them to secretly monitor Li Longji's actions and report to her at any time.Princess Taiping knew Li Longji's every word, deed and every move.She also sowed right and wrong in front of Ruizong, sowing discord between their father and son.Ruizong, who had no opinion, couldn't help being suspicious of Li Longji.
At this time, someone said that there would be urgent soldiers entering the palace within 5 days.When Ruizong convened the ministers to discuss the matter, Zhang Shuo pointed out: "This is a slanderous plan to shake the ear of the East Palace. If your majesty makes the prince supervise the country, the monarch and his ministers will be divided. Naturally, there will be no way for coveting, and disasters will not happen." Tang Xinyu Volume 1) Yao Chong, Song Jing, Guo Yuanzhen and other important ministers also agreed with Zhang Shuo's opinion.
Song Jing played with Yao Chong again, suggesting that Princess Taiping be restricted from intervening in politics.But Emperor Ruizong didn't listen: "I have no brothers, only a sister Taiping, who wants to see each other day and night. You don't say anything, and I will play according to Qing." ("Da Tang Xin Yu Volume 1") Princess Taiping was furious when she found out .Li Longji was temporarily afraid of Princess Taiping's power, so he said that Song Jing and Yao Chong had divorced their brothers and sisters, please add guilt.So Yao Chong was demoted as governor of Shenzhou, and Song Jing was demoted as governor of Chuzhou.Li Longji's imperial power can be seen, even his supporters, when necessary, he will sacrifice at any time.
One mountain cannot accommodate two tigers.The open and covert struggles between aunts and nephews intensified, and the contradictions became more and more intensified. Both sides were at war, and a new court civil war might break out at any time.Ruizong's disposition is indifferent and cowardly. He loves his sister and son very much. At first he struggled with balance, but later he was unable to deal with the conflicts between them. Willing to give way to the prince.Princess Taiping was afraid that the crown prince would be unfavorable to her, so she tried her best to dissuade her with her party.Ruizong has always been weak, but he insisted on his own opinion on this matter. It can be seen that he has expected the tragedy of fratricide will happen again.
In August of the third year of Jingyun (712), Prince Li Longji ascended the throne of God in Wude Hall. This is Tang Xuanzong, the famous romantic emperor in history.Xuanzong respected Ruizong as the Supreme Emperor and changed Yuan Xiantian.Except for the appointment and dismissal of officials above the third rank and major affairs, which are still handled by the Supreme Emperor himself, all other general affairs are supervised by Xuanzong.
After Xuanzong came to the throne, Princess Taiping's power continued unabated. "Seven prime ministers, five of them went out of the family. Most of the ministers of civil and military affairs were attached to them" ("Zizhi Tongjian Volume 210"), which led to political situation Unstable, dark political affairs.Princess Taiping even conspired to kill Xuanzong.Yuan Shi, a close confidant of Xuanzong's, was bought by Cui Shi, a close confidant of Princess Taiping, and secretly put poison in the "red arrow powder" that Xuanzong took, in order to put Xuanzong to death.
Cui Shi, courtesy name Chenglan, was born in Dingzhou, the grandson of Cui Renshi, Prime Minister of Taizong Dynasty.Cui Shi was famous for his literary talent when he was young. He passed the Jinshi examination when he was young and was appointed Zuo Buque.During his official career, he was good at adapting the rudder according to the wind. Wu Zetian fawned on the female official Shangguan Wan'er from time to time, and became the face of Shangguan Wan'er, gaining a notorious reputation.During the Zhongzong Dynasty, he flattered Empress Wei and Princess Anle and made his way to the top and became prime minister.After Webster's downfall, he took refuge in Princess Taiping.
In July of the second year of Xiantian (713), Xuanzong took the lead and killed Princess Taiping's party. He sent Wang Maozhong and Gao Lishi to arrest Princess Taiping and forced her to commit suicide.Only Xue Chongjian, the son of Princess Taiping, persuaded his mother many times to avoid death. He was given the surname Li, and his official title remained the same.Later historians believe that Princess Taiping's death marked the end of an era. Since then, there have not been so many women who have been able to influence Chinese politics for a long time.
In December, Emperor Xuanzong pardoned the world and changed the Yuan to Kaiyuan.Until this time, Xuanzong became a monarch worthy of his name and reality.Xuanzong, who won the crown through hard and tortuous struggles, finally appeared in the palace of the Tang Dynasty with a new look.
It has been eight and a half years since Empress Wu Zetian abdicated in the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705) and Tang Zhongzong became emperor again, to July of the second year of Xiantian (713) when Tang Xuanzong killed Princess Taiping.During this period, the emperor changed 4 people, and he reigned for more than 5 years, and as little as less than 20 days.Many people are ready to move, coveting the emperor's throne, so disasters happen again and again, and the entire Daming Palace is shrouded in blood.After Kaiyuan, the many coups since Wu Zhou finally came to an end.From the concubine of the royal family to the prince supervising the country, and then from the prince supervising the country to ascending the throne and proclaiming the emperor, political conspiracy and bloody struggles continued, which became the prelude to Xuanzong's rise to the political stage, and formed a lasting influence on the way he handled state affairs afterwards.
Ruizong's "rarely confused" can be said to be confused very timely. After that, he spent his days peacefully in the palace and died of illness in Baifu Hall in Chang'an Palace in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716). "Abandoning the world is like a shoe", since ancient times, only Ruizong among the emperors has really done it.
It should be mentioned in particular that Xuanzong named Kaiyuan as the year name, which means "the beginning of one yuan and the renewal of everything", which means that the history of the Tang Dynasty has opened a new page.In the first year of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong was 29 years old.Who would have expected that 42 years later, in 755 A.D., the Anshi Rebellion broke out suddenly, and the great Tang Dynasty went from prosperity to decline.It reached its peak in the hands of the same emperor, and then declined in the hands of the same emperor.This is really the greatest tragicomedy in the world. He stepped onto the political stage as a winner, but came down to the final curtain as a loser.
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