Chapter 44 Talented Master of Calligraphy, Painting and Ci
Jinling, the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty, may have taken a fancy to the "Emperor State" where tigers and dragons dominate, but forgot that it was also a "beautiful place" for the golden fans of the Six Dynasties.The Qinhuai wind and moon, the black clothes are romantic, the spring river flowers are soft and graceful, and the Yushu backyard flowers are extravagant, which infects this place with a lot of powder and softness.The three generations of monarchs in the Southern Tang Dynasty could not help but gradually be affected by the richness of the south of the Yangtze River, and became weak.Although Li Min, the founding emperor, also loved literature and art, he was born as a warrior on horseback.When it comes to Li Jing, the protagonist, he has become a master of lyrics.The latter master, Li Yu, was "born in the deep palace and grew up in the hands of women", and developed this tendency of weakness to the extreme.
Speaking of Li Yu, everyone knows that he is one of the best poets, but Li Yu's talent is not only reflected in the lyrics.He is good at calligraphy and painting, he can integrate many strengths in calligraphy, and he can innovate through the old to create a self-contained "Golden Cuo Dao" calligraphy.It is said that "it looks like a trembling pen song, as strong as cold pine and frost bamboo", and "the writing is thin and hard, but the wind is overflowing", which still had a certain influence on the famous "thin gold book" of Song Huizong.He also has two articles on calligraphy handed down from generation to generation, one is "Shu Shu" and the other is "Book Review", which are precise and fluent in writing.He painted a wide range of subjects, especially good at painting ink bamboo.In the "Xuanhe Painting Book" of the Song Dynasty, nine of his works were also included, but it is a pity that they have not been handed down now.
If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools.Li Yu's interest in painting and calligraphy is also reflected in his attention to painting and calligraphy tools.The extremely famous Li Tinggui Mo, Chengxintang Paper was produced under his strong support.Li Tinggui's original surname was Xi. Because he improved the ink making method, he was appointed by Li Yu as an ink official and given the surname Li.Li Tingyu's ink is very precious. At that time, there was a saying that "gold is easy to get, but Li Mo is hard to find".As for the manufacture of Chengxintang paper, Li Yu put more effort into it. It is said that Li Yu put on the apron of a craftsman and acted as a hand to develop it without hesitating his noble status as the king of a country. Chengxintang calligraphy and painting paper was finally supervised by him personally. The next manufacturing is successful.
Li Yu is also good at temperament. Together with the Empress Dazhou, he compiled "The Song of Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes" based on the remnants, so that this famous piece of music can be played again.He can also compose music himself, including "Nian Jia Shan Po".
But in the end it was his words that made Li Yu famous in history.Now when it comes to Li Yu's Ci, I always like to divide his works into two periods. I think his later works are gloomy in style, profound in content and more meaningful;In fact, for Li Yu, these different styles are still consistent, which is his innocence.Li Yu is actually a young child, he always has the innocence and simplicity of a child.He will not restrain his feelings, and always let them run freely and vent as he pleases.Just as he vented his pain of subjugation in the later stage, he also vented the happiness brought to him by a luxurious life in the early stage, just look at his words:
The description of the singing, dancing and banquet in the palace is delicate and realistic, even the details of the carpet folds caused by the rapid rotation of the dance steps are not missed. The dancer even ignored the falling golden hairpin, how devoted she was.When the dance is in full bloom and the wine is in full swing, fresh flowers are picked to relieve the drunkenness, which is quite elegant.At this time, the other hall could faintly hear the sound of flutes and drums, and it could be seen that there were feasts and prosperity everywhere.
"Neon Clothes" is "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes Song", and this poem describes the grand occasion of the rehearsal of "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes Song".The beautiful concubines put on "evening make-up" specially for the feast, all of them bright and moving.When the shengxiao was played, the music was melodious, as if floating among the water and clouds, the lingering sound lingered and turned a thousand times; after playing it once, the meaning was still unfinished, so the musicians were asked to play all the pieces over and over again.At the time of singing and laughing, a faint fragrance came from nowhere, followed by the wind, faintly present, making people intoxicated, clapping their hands on the railing, indulging in such a deep love.Li Yu has court ladies who are responsible for burning incense. The incense burners they use include "handle lotus", "three cloud phoenix" and other names, as many as a dozen.In order to prevent the fragrance from being too strong, it is also steamed with goose pears in advance.Unknowingly, it's already dancing and singing, but the poet is still full of interest, "When you return, put off candles and red flowers, and wait for the horses to sing and the moon to clear the night." After singing and dancing, he just wants to be alone quietly. Enjoy the tranquility under the moonlight.Indulging in sensuality, but it is so elegant and graceful, and only a person with true temperament like Li Yu can write it.
It can be seen that although Li Yu also lives a luxurious life, he is a real elegant person, who can make this pile of gold and jade luxury into an artistic atmosphere.When spring comes, he puts all kinds of flowers between the windows and pillars of the palace, which is called "Bright Dongtian".There was a lilac plant in a temple on Lushan Mountain, which was purple in color and extremely bright, and it was named "Zi Fengliu". Li Yu moved it to the palace and named it "Penglai Purple".Of course, his elegance can't help but be piled up by wealth: after the Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, some generals once got Li Yu's concubine.As soon as the favorite concubine saw the lighting, she closed her eyes and said, "Smoke!" When she changed the candle, she said, "The smoke is heavier!" At night, hang a big luminous pearl, which can illuminate "the room is like daytime".I don't know whether this matter is true or not, but Li Yu's luxury can also be seen.But just like what he wrote in his poems, "All the red pieces will be swept away from Iraq, and left for the dancers to return." He obviously understands that there is more natural elegance in addition to wealth and wealth.In comparison, Houshu Mengchang only used gold and gemstones to embed a toilet, which is really the behavior of a nouveau riche.
However, things that are too delicate are always morbid, even for art.Li Yu has a court lady, Yu Niang, who is good at dancing, and the dance in neon clothes and feather clothes is still exquisite.Perhaps in order to be more perfect, she wrapped her feet with brocade silk and bent them into a crescent shape. Li Yu built her a golden lotus platform wrapped with jeweled necklaces. Dance, it is said that the dance is graceful and graceful.To grow lotus in such a step, I think I am imitating Qi Hunhou and Pan Yuer in the Southern Dynasty.At that time, someone wrote a poem chanting that "the flower in the lotus is better, and the moon in the cloud grows new".It is said that this is the origin of Chinese women's bound feet.
In fact, it is still not clear when the little feet originated.Those who support bound feet naturally think that the sooner the better, so they do not hesitate to forge documents to prove that it existed in the Eastern Han Dynasty; those who oppose bound feet tend to make conservative estimates, thinking that it is not as early as the Southern Song Dynasty.As for the person who is considered to be the origin of the little feet, apart from this girl, it is the earlier Pan Yuer.But both of them have some problems. Pan Yuer just said in the history books that "lotus grows every step of the way", but the lotus was chiseled on the floor. In fact, it has nothing to do with the feet. So when I saw the lotus, I took it for granted.However, there is a clear document in the history that Yu Niang was actually bound, but the binding method at that time should be very different from the binding method of the later generations with broken bones and tendons.Some of the "three-inch golden lotuses" of the descendants are so small that they cannot walk and have to be hugged and crippled, and most of them are struggling even if they are not so extreme.But this girl can still dance gracefully after her feet are bound, and do some difficult moves. It can be seen that her binding method is probably closer to that of ballet, which is equivalent to a special kind of dancing shoes.So it may be a bit unfair to plant the foot-binding ancestor on her and Li Yu's heads.However, the fashion trend of makeup in ancient times has always been from kabukis to noble ladies, and then to folk girls. In the process of spreading, it is inevitable that things will get worse. Therefore, this practice for the sake of art has finally become a way of destroying women. The vulgar customs are probably beyond the imagination of Yu Niang and Li Yu.
