Chapter 78 2.from scratch

Dorgon was upset, bored, and didn't want to read the memorial anymore.Suddenly, he remembered that he should go to the harem to pay his respects to the two empress dowagers, and he had received the victory report of defeating Jinling yesterday, so he should report the good news, so he threw away the ink brush, pushed aside the business, and went to the harem. The Qianqing Palace was restored, along with the Kunning Palace, Qin'an Palace, and the East and West Sixth Palaces. The Dashun Army left in a hurry at the beginning. They mainly burned the first two halls and the Qianqing Palace. The firewood was concentrated in the front. The burning was not severe, so the amount of restoration work was not large. With the completion of the Qianqing Palace, the harem was restored together.Right now the emperor is still young and has not yet married, so he needs someone to take care of him. Therefore, the two empress dowagers live in Qianqing Palace and Ciqing Palace respectively.

When Dorgon went to pay his respects, he naturally went to the Ciqing Palace where the Empress Dowager Rensheng (Xiaoduan) lived. At this time, the Ciqing Palace was full of laughter and laughter, and it was very lively. It turned out that Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and the emperor came to Ciqing Palace to pay their respects to Empress Xiaoduan.On the throne, the two Empress Dowagers Xiaoduan and Xiaozhuang were sitting cross-legged on the front pit, the emperor was leaning on the arms of the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan, and the two princes Daishan and Jierhalang also came to pay their respects, and they sat down separately. Also sit cross-legged.

The Manchus who have just entered the customs are not deeply sinicized, not to mention the dignity of the monarch and ministers, and the suspicion of uncles and sisters-in-law. Even in the family of scholars and officials, uncles and uncles are not easy to see widows and sisters-in-law, but they don’t care. I often meet and chat together; and in the palace, I can't get rid of the habit of taking off my shoes and sitting cross-legged. Strict distinction between monarch and minister. Right now, Daishan and Jierhalang are talking about trivial matters with their two sister-in-laws, not only to amuse the empress dowagers, but also to entertain themselves.Jierhalang talked about his little grandson who had entered the Taixue to study, because his husband asked him to practice brush calligraphy, so every time he went home, his hands and face were covered with ink stains; Daishan talked about a man named Bawazi in his mansion. In the past, I had never eaten steamed buns with fillings in Northeast China. When I arrived in Beijing, I found steamed buns with meat inside to be very fresh, and I didn’t even know that steamed buns were sweet.One day he got a hot sugar bun, bit it open, and the sugar juice inside flowed onto his elbow. When he licked his elbow, the hand that was still holding the sugar bun stretched out behind his head, and the bun The sugar juice in the soup flowed to his back again, which scalded his back, so now there is a joke in his house, which is called: Bawazi, eat buns, and scald his buttocks all at once.

The empress dowagers of the two palaces and the emperor laughed from ear to ear when they heard this joke. The eunuchs and maids on the left and right laughed secretly, some couldn't help it, and even laughed out loud. Everyone asked Daishan to say more, and the emperor even pestered Daishan and refused to let go.At this moment, a eunuch shouted loudly from outside: The servant greets the Prince Regent. Everyone couldn't help but keep silent.When the emperor heard this, he quickly climbed to the pit again and hid in the arms of Empress Dowager Xiaoduan. Dorgon came in, greeted the two empress dowagers first, and then said hello to the two elder brothers. Both Daishan and Jierhalang stood up, and the emperor also stood up and shouted:

"Uncle Regent is auspicious." The emperor's greeting was very reluctant and unfamiliar, Dorgon nodded, he had already noticed that the little emperor didn't even look at himself at first, it was only after the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan gave him a slight push that he became extremely unhappy. She turned around willingly and said hello. The Empress Dowager Xiaoduan bestowed her seat.Dorgon sat down on top of Daishan, but he didn't lift his legs, didn't take off his shoes, sat upright, and immediately glanced coldly at the emperor.The emperor was quietly looking up at him, and found that the fourteenth uncle was also looking at him. He couldn't help but show a little panic, and immediately lowered his head - as usual, the emperor will appear here at this time, and he should stay in the study in a proper manner. And Dorgon finished his official duties in the front hall, and often came to the back, and after asking the empress dowagers of the two palaces to comfort him, he would go to the study to check the emperor's homework.However, these days, the homework is tight, the emperor is a little bored, he doesn't want to go to the study, so he pretends to have a headache, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang sees that he is lazy, and insists that he still go to the study, but the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan feels sorry for this son and agrees to let him stay.

Dorgon didn't know what was going on, he looked at the emperor several times in a row, and finally couldn't help it, he said: "It's this time, why hasn't the emperor gone to the study?" When the emperor asked, he couldn't help but look at the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan. The Empress Dowager Xiaoduan had no choice but to help him out, saying: "The emperor woke up early this morning and complained of a headache. I'm afraid he has a cold, so I decided to let him go for a day." Fake." But Dorgon refused to give face at all, and called the emperor's name and said: "Fulin, children, you can't be so delicate, you know, our Aixinjueluo family grew up in the ice and snow, and children are so tender." When I was a few years old, I crawled and rolled in the snow, and when I grew up, I was very good, but it’s not like you today, living in an airtight house, and complaining of headaches at every turn.”

The emperor had no choice but to answer "Yes." Then he was speechless, and with those naughty eyes, he was looking for rescuers everywhere.When Daishan saw it, he had no choice but to come out to make a rescue. He said: "Okay, okay, tell Uncle Fourteen quickly, it's not an example." This is the second time Dorgon has heard "Don't be an example". He wanted to use this to say a few words about Daishan, but he swallowed the words again, but his face was still very serious, Jierhalang I don't know what's going on, but I still want to fight against injustice, he said:

"Let's just say that Manchu is hard to memorize, but Chinese is even more difficult to memorize. That Feng Quan is too old-fashioned in teaching, and he always has a stern face to punish students. In my opinion, the emperor must not be able to bear that crime." Dorgon couldn't help but glared at Jierhalang and said: "If the books are easy to remember, it's nothing to be the number one scholar. It's not my younger brother's whim to learn Chinese and study the Four Books and Five Classics. According to the established rules, if an emperor does not read good books and learn skills well, how can he rule the world in the future? It is said that Feng Quan punishes students, but he only punishes his companions, not Fulin."

This time, even the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan couldn't sit still, she quickly admitted her mistake and said: "The fourteenth brother was right to catch him strictly, this matter is only my fault." But Jierhalang didn't buy it, he ignored Dorgon, but said to the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan angrily: "Actually, as far as I know, whether it is the great ancestor or the late emperor, although they all said that they should learn The Chinese language, however, is not without prioritization, and the late emperor even told his ministers earnestly, not to forget the Mandarin language, and today he insists that the emperor must learn Chinese, and I fear that the emperor will forget the national language in the future."

Dai Shan also testified on the side: "Yes, yes, the late emperor did say such a thing. It was in the Chongzheng Hall. There were ministers present at that time, as well as the regent and Prince Zheng. His original words were: Abandon the national language. And imitating other countries, the country will not last long." When the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan heard this, she hurriedly turned her eyes to Dorgon, even the emperor and the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang also cast their suspicious eyes to this side, and Dorgon was stunned for a moment. Yes, Huang Taiji did say this, but that was more than ten years ago. At that time, among the disciples of the Eight Banners, the language and characters were mixed, that is, the daily spoken language, but also mixed with Mongolian and other dialects of various ethnic groups in the Northeast. Yes, because before that, the ancestors of the Jurchens only had language, but no writing. Although the Jin Dynasty first created writing, with the demise of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchen writing was lost. In the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchens spoke Jurchen, but they used Mongolian. At the beginning of Nurhachi's rise of troops, Erdeni and Gagai, the literary scholars of the Manchus, created the Manchu language, which was based on the Mongolian prefix and combined with the Manchu language. This is the "old Manchu language". The old Manchu language has many disadvantages. Huang Taiji also ordered Dahai to make great improvements on the basis of the old Manchu, adding a twelve-character prefix, and adding circles next to the characters to clarify the sound and meaning. This is the new Manchu, to promote the new Manchu, and to highlight its national language status, so it is said.But today, these words are obviously out of date. First, at this time, the territory of the Qing Dynasty was not limited to a corner outside the Guan. The place where Manchu is spoken is the home country, and the place where Chinese is spoken is "other country"; in addition, the Manchu language, which has only been created for 30 to 40 years, cannot adapt to the new situation at all, let alone be as rich in content as the vast ocean. The Chinese characters correspond to the original Chinese characters. Sincerity says that the times are different and the realms are different. How can you copy the words in the old almanac?Now that Jierhalang has moved out, Daishan immediately understands and responds with confidence.In fact, this is not caring about the emperor's study, not caring about whether the Manchus are Sinicized, but purely looking for bones in the cracks of eggs.

Thinking of this, Dorgon couldn't help getting angry, and hurriedly said loudly: "Yes, the first emperor did say that, but at that time, the country was limited to outside the pass, and the people at that time were only Manchus. If we still only focus on The small area outside the customs, the small group of people, naturally only learning Manchu is enough; but now the emperor has gone out of the northeast, and is about to rule the billions of subjects in the world. At the beginning, the Han people had a history of 5,000 years, and the Chinese language was extensive and profound. This is not comparable to the Mongolian characters combined with the Manchu language, plus the new Manchu script with twelve prefixes. Do you want the emperor to be deaf and blind in front of the Han people? , by the Han people to coax it?" As soon as this remark came out, not to mention Jierharang, even Dai Shan was speechless. Seeing this, the Empress Dowager Xiaoduan quickly smoothed things over. She glanced at the two princes and said: "The fourteenth brother is right. From now on, the emperor's study will be decided by the fourteenth brother alone." Then, he said to the emperor: "Fulin, you have to remember that you can't relax for a moment in your study. If you don't study well, the master can't beat you, but the queen mother will beat you." The emperor made noise repeatedly, not daring to answer back.Jierhalang on the one side paused for a while, muttered for a long time, mocking himself resentfully: "Of course, the emperor's study must not be relaxed, but the defense of the Manchu and the Han must not be loosened. This is the rule established by the great grandfather. Since I have been asked to discuss politics, I still have to discuss this matter." Dai Shan also said indignantly: "Yes, yes, this foundation was created by our Aixinjueluo family, and it is not due to anyone alone. You can say anything, fourteenth brother, do you think so? " The two elder brothers, with guns and sticks in their arms, did not speak well, but because there was no clear reference, it was purely a personal vent, and Dorgon was too lazy to argue.He had a lot of things to explain to the queen mother, even some unsatisfactory things, he also wanted to confide in his two sister-in-laws, wanted to get some comfort, and didn't want to meet his two brothers, get angry for no reason, and make him feel restless , There are so many things I want to say but I am too lazy to say... Dorgon vomited, and after returning home, he felt even more depressed, and couldn't help but think about shaving his hair again.The incident was a bit meng lang from the beginning, he only saw Wu Sangui and others, and they shaved their hair once they said it, thinking that other people should be similar, but he didn't expect so many people to fight to the death once the hair shaving order was issued, if it wasn't for He made a quick turn, almost causing one Buddha to be born and two Buddhas to be nirvana, and the little achievements he made after the Eight Banners entered the customs would be canceled and he would be driven back out of the customs again. In fact, the Han people knew, and so did Dorgon, that the act of shaving their hair was not for the purpose of topping off this strand of black hair, but for an unusual "starting from scratch", a spiritual contest between two nations, and a confrontation between two cultures. , the big right and wrong about the survival of the race, the beauty of who conquers whom. Dorgon thought, before this, he had a firm attitude, but for some reason, after a long time, he became a little hesitant.Today, the second elder brother Daishan, who looks effortless, actually brought up the matter again in front of the two empress dowagers. This is not his opinion alone, but represents the Aixinjueluo family. It is difficult for me to explain myself in the royal family, even all the Manchus will recognize him as an unworthy descendant of the Aixinjueluo family, not to mention that they may attack him in groups, even after a hundred years, what face will I have when I go to see my ancestors? I was in a dilemma, but the next day, another memorandum came up, reiterating that all people should shave their heads. The person who made this memorandum turned out to be a Han. This time Hauge pacified Shandong, and when he returned to the court in victory, he brought back a living treasure, which was Sun Zhixie.Sun Zhixie was originally a Jinshi during the reign of Tianqi, but later returned to his hometown in Zibo because of Ding You.During the chaos in Shandong, militias from all walks of life swarmed up, and this Sun Zhixie destroyed his family to relieve the difficulties-established a militia group, echoed the king's division, and assisted Haoge in suppressing the bandits.Because he is a local and knows the situation quite well, he helped Hauge a lot. Hauge greatly praised him when he played the report, so Sun Zhixie was ordered to go to the Ministry to introduce him. He was originally a servant of the Ministry of War in the Ming Dynasty, so he was naturally restored to his post. Early that morning, Sun Zhixie came to the court excitedly. When he was in Shandong, he had already made his hair like Wu Sangui's in order to show that he was an obedient citizen of the Qing Dynasty. After processing, when he arrived at the court room, he waited in the duty room of the Ministry of War as usual, but now the duty room is divided into two rooms. He had a lot of acquaintances and could speak well, so he didn't want to go in. He was kicked out immediately because he had shaved his hair. Since he had shaved his hair, he naturally wanted to hang out with those who had shaved his hair. So he went to Manren's room and didn't want to I was kicked out again because although you shaved your hair, you are still a Han Chinese after all.This made him at a loss. Even when he went to the court later, he also found that the layout of the court hall was different from that of the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a row of civil officials and a row of military officials; The Manchus stand on the right, the Han people stand on the left, and he stands in the middle.After going to court, not only felt deeply ashamed, but the more he thought about it, the more confused he became, so he wrote this memorial, proposing that all people should shave their hair and put on Manchu costumes. In the memorial, there is such a sentence: ...Your Majesty will pacify China and reform everything.However, the system of clothes, crowns and hair bundles is unique to the old Han Dynasty.This is His Majesty from China, not China from Your Majesty. When Dorgon saw this line of words, he was filled with emotions—he never dreamed that there would be such a person among the well-dressed Han people. What came out is also something that ordinary Han people dare not say.Say he is loyal, say he is treacherous; say he is warm-hearted, so cute, say he has no heart, especially shameless?Anyway, I can say whatever I want, in short, I can no longer sit on the wall, and I can no longer hesitate, otherwise, I really don't know what kind of loyal minister will come out among the Han people, and what more nasty things will be said. Therefore, he gathered the meeting of the six ministries and nine ministers, and read Sun Zhixie's memorials in the hall. First, he "praises" Sun Zhixie with a few words, and then promoted Sun Zhixie to be Minister of the Ministry of War. He wrote the decree on shaving hair, and issued an decree to disseminate this decree inside and outside the capital, civil and military yamen, officials, teachers and students, and all the soldiers and civilians. The decree briefly reads: ...After today's announcement, there will be a ten-day limit inside and outside the capital, and all provinces and localities in Zhili will also be limited to ten days from the date of the ministry's document. Those who obey are the people of our country; those who hesitate are the same as those who rebel Kou must be charged with a felony.If you do not hesitate to send out your words and argue cleverly, you will never lend money lightly.If there is any refusal to enter the chapter for this matter, if you want to kill the people in the places I have decided to still keep the Ming system, and who do not follow the dynasty, they will be killed without pardon.His clothes and hats are more relaxed and easier, and he learned from the system of this dynasty and must not violate it. After Dorgon finished reading, he glanced to both sides with piercing eyes, and saw that everyone in the courtiers was beaming; the faces of the Hanchens who still wore the clothes of the Ming Dynasty suddenly turned pale.But he acted as if he hadn't seen it, and then he issued an order to order the Minister of Rites, Omoktu, to take the lead and start to agree on the officials' costumes and top styles. There is a situation where there is one imperial court and two kinds of official costumes. Omoktu Nuonuo repeatedly agreed, and said, "This matter should have been done long ago." The Qing court promulgated the hair-shaving order on June 15, the second year of Shunzhi, and on the first day of the sixth month of the intercalary year, the hair-shaving order was spread to the south of the Yangtze River.At this time, it was only a month since Duoduo conquered Jinling. Although the ancestral hall in honor of Shi Kefa had broken ground, the ghosts killed in Yangzhou were still wandering in the sky above the south of the Yangtze River. The 800,000 ghosts affected not only the 800,000 living people The whole of Jiangnan is crying, crying for the 800,000 innocent people who were killed, crying for the future and destiny of the entire nation. Now, the Manchus have ordered their hair to be shaved again, and the rivers and mountains have fallen. ;I also shaved my hair, people are different, ghosts are not ghosts, isn't this even more impossible to see my ancestors again?Besides, the Manchus just entered the customs, so this is up to him and that is up to him. When they are established in the country, will the Han people also learn Manchu and speak Manchu, and even the father and son will marry their mothers? Therefore, the people in the south of the Yangtze River were all horrified by the order to shave their hair. Even the timid and fearful people seemed to understand the so-called "subjugation of the country and extermination of the species" overnight.But at this time, the magistrate ordered Dibao to pass the gong to proclaim to the people: Within ten days, keep your head but not your hair, and keep your hair but not your head.Then, a group of people and horses appeared beside the city gate and at the crossroads. In front of them was a shaving load, carrying seats and shaving tools at one end, and shampoo water at the other end. On the flagpole, the heads of those who resisted the order to shave their hair were hung; immediately behind them was a group of soldiers holding a large order to enforce the law. When they saw who was arrested, they would be pressed on the chair to shave their hair. Those who insisted on not shaving , beheaded immediately. Among the courtiers, the former Confucian guard of Hexi Road, Shaanxi Province, said that their Confucian family's uniform system has not been changed for three thousand years, so please allow them to grow hair to restore the clothes of their ancestors. The person surnamed Kong is a "sage descendant". Since you, Dorgon, respect Confucius, you probably have to make an exception for the descendants of Confucius. The reason is also very good. During family sacrifices, the priests must always wear their original colors, with their hair tied and crowned, otherwise, The ancestors who were sacrificed would not recognize their descendants. Dorgon understands that this is a test. If you approve Kong, the Yan, Zeng, and Meng families will definitely follow; if you approve Confucianism, Taoism will not lag behind. Then you have to prepare to pay the descendants of Zhang Tianshi.After thinking about it, he felt that this kind of favor could not be done, so Kong Wenbao was severely punished, saying: There is a strict decree on shaving hair, and there is no pardon for those who violate it.Kong Wenwen's bodyguards have violated the law of unforgiveness in seeking to save hair. Gu Nian's descendants will be spared death, and he will be dismissed from office, and will never be used. As a result, almost all the Han people were in despair. Those who praised the Manchus for being reasonable now kept silent and just shook their heads. Those who wanted to become officials also gave up their thoughts. Those who set themselves on fire, those who fled into the mountains; those who had nowhere to escape and did not commit suicide, mostly hid at home, closed their doors, men did not dare to go to the streets, the streets were silent, it was like a strike, even if there were sick people at home, they did not dare to go out The doctor was invited to the street, afraid that he would be caught and shaved off his hair. But can this be a long-term solution? The hair is like a leek, cut back to life; the head is like a chicken, cut back to sing.Isn't this a folk song from the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty?The people in the south of the Yangtze River immediately thought of Man Tartars from Yuan Tartars, and immediately thought of this folk song from "Keep your head but not hair". First, Lu Shiyao, a student from Wu County, rose up and used Taihu Lake as a base to resist the Qing soldiers; Wu Yi, a former official of the Ming Dynasty, and Sun Zhaokui, a former official, rebels in Changbaidang, Wujiang; Shi Zhu Yili, Zhongshusheren Lu Xiangguan, etc., supported troops to attack Nanjing; Jiaxing and other places gathered more than 30,000 rebels at once. For the common people, this was honestly before, and it was purely dissatisfied with the hair-shaving order. Duoduo was sitting in Nanjing City, and he panicked when he heard the news. At this time, Zhejiang, Fujian and other large areas were not yet pacified, and soldiers were needed everywhere to take pictures.But at this time, in Jiangnan at this time, there was nowhere to turn back overnight, as if it had been agreed, even some prefectures and counties that had been occupied also rebelled, and some prefectures and counties that were already in contact with the surrender also immediately refused to surrender. It is hard to defend against, hard to kill, and the most troublesome thing for him is the Jiangyin rebellion. Jiangyin belongs to the capital of Changzhou and is the first important gateway on the Yangtze River. It controls the hubs between Jiangsu, Song, Zhejiang and Fujian. It can reach Haikou in a day and night by sailing boats. At this time, Duoduo was dispatching troops south to Suzhou and Zhejiang. Jiangyin's rebellion was equivalent to blocking his throat. Originally, when the Qing soldiers went to the south of the Yangtze River, all the officials of the Ming Dynasty in Jiangyin had abandoned their officials and left. They only needed to send an official to Jiangyin, and Jiangyin would be fine. After hearing the order of cutting their hair, the people spontaneously occupied the county seat, and they pushed the former Dian Shi Yan Yingyuan as the leader. , Send warehouses, make weapons, organize and train troops, and prepare to fight against the Qing soldiers who came to force their hair to be shaved.After the news came out, the farmers in the four townships didn't even care about farming, and came to join the battle with their own weapons and food. The small city of Jiangyin gathered 200,000 people at once, and Yan Yingyuan selected and trained more than 60,000 people. Go up to the city to defend and fight against the Qing soldiers to the death. Duoduo was blindsided by anger, and first sent Liu Liangzuo to persuade him to surrender, but Yan Yingyuan scolded him severely.Liu Liangzuo said, Hongguang has been captured, for whom are you still defending the city?Yan Yingyuan said, I am only a classic history, and I have not forgotten my homeland; you have been named a lieutenant, and you have a heavy army in your hand, but you surrender to the enemy. You really have no shame.As he spoke, he ordered the arrows to be released, and Liu Liangzuo was so frightened that he ran away with his head in his arms. Doduo then sent Nikan to take 50,000 fish-skin Tartar soldiers there. Unexpectedly, when he arrived in Jiangyin, the city and the countryside were surrounded by enemies. Duoduo was helpless, so he mobilized 240,000 elite soldiers successively, and sent Belle Boluo to lead Li Chengdong to go there. However, the people of Jiangyin fought bravely and tenaciously, and came up with many ways to defend, forcing the Qing soldiers not to cross the thunder pool half a step.In the end, Duoduo had no choice but to bring the cannons in red and bombard them fiercely. The soldiers and civilians in the city stood firm for eighty days, killing and injuring more than 60,000 Qing soldiers. Qing soldiers broke through the city and entered. Duoduo was furious, and ordered the massacre of the city again, "kill the whole city, and then seal the sword." Just based on a small history, the ninth-rank official can call hundreds of thousands of people at once. Although he is a mob, he can fight hard for 80 days with the well-trained elite of the eight cavalry, and none of them surrendered. It made the group of Eight Banners soldiers who had experienced many battles and killed people like hemp admiration. Later generations have elegiac couplets to mourn Yan Yingyuan and other strong defenders of the city. The way is: