Chapter 6 5.go out

Twenty years after being dispatched to the Northwest by Qingduan County Wang Zaiyi, accompanied by his grandson Yuyun, he returned to Beijing in the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921).President Xu Shichang sent a car to meet him at Qianmen Railway Station, and Zaiying also brought relatives from Prince Dun's Mansion to meet him at the station.Zaiyi's grandparents were picked up in a car, and Yuyun felt that the car looked like a mule-drawn sedan in the northwest, except that the outside was made of iron, the windows were made of glass, and the seats were soft.After a while, the car suddenly moved away.Yuyun was shocked, and said loudly to his grandfather Zaiyi, "Why did this cart run away without a mule?" Zaiyi pretended to be calm, and secretly pushed his grandson, but the driver still overheard and snickered.Before this, neither grandpa nor grandson had ever seen a car.Looking at the street scene outside the car window, Zai Yi sighed: "Beijing has changed, everything has changed."

In May 1912, Lu Xun moved north from Nanjing with the Ministry of Education. Diary entry on May 5: "The boat arrived in Tianjin at 11:00 am. The train departed at 3:30 pm. On the way, there was loess, and there were vegetation in between, so there was nothing to see." A few words outlined the "spring scenery" in the north that year. When Li Yuanhong was the president, he lived in Dongchang Hutong, Beijing.Sometimes I rode horses to watch movies at the Zhenguang Cinema on Donghuamen Street at night, and went to Guoqiang Cafe in Dongan Market for coffee after the show.Guoqiang's waiter, Lao Wen, has worked in Dong'an Market throughout the Republic of China, and has received Li Yuanhong many times.

Some celebrities in the period of the Republic of China, such as Wu Zhihui and Liang Shuming, insisted on not taking rickshaws when traveling in order to advocate humanitarianism.Tao Xing knew even better. Once he got back in a rickshaw due to an emergency, he insisted on exchanging with the driver on the way, which made the driver take the half way with tears in his eyes.Scholar Liu Wendian often denounced the inequality of rickshaws in class, and boarded the rickshaw after class. After Puyi became the abolished emperor, Chang and Wanrong went out of the palace in a car to wander around.The most visited places are the Summer Palace and Yuquan Mountain.Every time I go out, I line up in a convoy of dozens of cars.He asked the driver to speed up from time to time. In Beijing in the 1920s, he drove at a crazy speed of more than 60 to 70 kilometers per hour.Until Shaoying, the "Minister of Internal Affairs" who was traveling with him, closed his eyes tightly, clasped his hands together, and shouted "Namo Amitabha".

In 1925, Yu Pingbo said in an article: "When I was in the south of the Yangtze River, I like to take the night express train from Shanghai North Railway Station to Hangzhou at more than seven o'clock. When the bus arrives at Hangzhou City Station, it is worth the night. Why do I Love to take that train? Pei Xian (Zhu Ziqing) said for me: "The day of the majestic day, the day with clear boundaries, divides the day of love, how can it tie the heart of a child like her? Night The country of night, the country of dreams, is the country of children; it is the country of Ping Bojun at that time!' Although I can't indulge in the kingdom of night for the rest of my life, there is always room for me to spend a few times on its borders. walk slowly."

In the 1920s and 1930s, Pu Jiangqing taught at Tsinghua University.According to the concept at that time, the school belonged to the suburbs, and one had to take a long-distance bus to enter the city.After several rides, Pu felt that the car was too bumpy and the smell of gasoline was pungent and unpleasant, and he often got motion sickness.Later, when entering the city, he simply hired a rickshaw. Pu called it "slow but comfortable". During the Peiping period, rickshaws (foreign cars) were the main means of travel, and the way of riding was similar to today's taxis.Tan Qixiang, a scholar who lived in Peiping for ten years, recalled in his later years: "When you go out, you always take a foreign car. No matter where you live, there must be a few foreign cars parked outside the gate or at the entrance of an alley. When you get on it, you can talk about where you want to go. Pull it up and go." Run, get paid at the current price at the destination, seldom ask to add a few words, and there will never be quarrels... When I lived in the dormitory of Jingshan Ximen Beiping Library, I got on the bus at the door of the dormitory and got off at the door of Dong'an Market It’s enough to give seven coins. It’s fine when it’s raining, windy and snowing. No matter where in the city, as far as Xiangshan outside Xizhimen, as long as it’s not an old man who can’t run, no one will refuse the ride.”

Chen Daisun graduated from Tsinghua University and Harvard University. After returning from the United States, he served as the head of the economics department at his alma mater.Chen has always been single. An American friend gave him a black Chevrolet car, and he would drive this car into the city or travel. During the spring break of 1931, Professor Gu Jiegang of Yenching University and some colleagues traveled to Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places to visit historical sites, buy antiques and books, and even visited the descendants of Cui Dongbi in Daming.However, Gu Jiegang wrote another impression of "current situation" in the preface of "Xin Wei's Visiting the Ancient Diary": "The Yellow River Basin is the cradle of Chinese culture... What do you mean by the change of time, its poverty, and its stupidity?" Ruos, opium, wheat flour, syphilis, raging fierce flames... Military disasters, bandit disasters are inextricably linked, and the people don't know what a normal life is... I made this trip myself, and I often live in brightly lit houses and feel sad, thinking that seven or eight out of ten people in the country , as if living its primitive life, I should not go too far..."

Liu Bannong had two daughters born in London, so one was named Liu Lun and the other Liu Dun.After returning to China, they all studied in Kongde School.Every morning, the two girls go to school together in a chartered car.At first, the two children sat side by side, but later changed to one kneeling backwards, the other sitting forwards, and then two sitting on top of each other.Many Peking University students meet the sisters every day, and they can see their innocent smiles. For a period of time in the 1930s, Zhang Zhongxing often rode bicycles to Yuquan Mountain for outings with his second and third friends.He described this routine leisure activity as follows: "Go out of Xizhimen, go northwest along the flat dirt road, and arrive at Haidian Town for more than ten miles. Enter the southeast entrance, turn north at the west end, which is the concentration of shops on West Street. First buy sesame seed cakes, Sauce beef, peanuts, and finally buy wine. Renhehao sells lotus liquor. It is near the east of Beikou Road. There are two doors, and the south one is open. Buy half a catty. When I go to Yuquan Mountain, I always have a picnic on the grass in the woods at the foot of the western mountain. Lianhua Baijiu is distilled from high-quality liquor and several kinds of fragrant Chinese herbal medicines. Among wines, it should be ranked first.”

Zhang Zhongxing lived in the countryside of Xianghe, Hebei when he was a child, and his uncle raised a yellow ox that "knows the way".Zhang's aunt lived in another village ten or twenty miles away, and sometimes a few children went to visit her aunt and let the ox pull a cart to set off.After the child sat on it, the adults led the cow to the fork road outside the village and let it go.Niu masters the direction and speed by himself, and walks very slowly. The child can look around in the car, play around, or get out of the car and pick a handful of flowers and plants and come up again. He can catch up in ten or eight steps. Niu has been pulling the car to his aunt. He stopped at the door of the house.When I came back after lunch, the children were tired and often slept all the way. Sometimes the cattle pulled the cart to the gate of the village and stopped, but they were still awake.

In the 1920s, scholar Chen Xiying said: "(Shanghai) Nanjing Road has many times more cars than ten years ago. If you stand there for a while like me and count the cars passing by, you will find At least seven or eight out of every ten cars are filled with people with blond hair and blue eyes." In the early 1920s, Zhou Youguang was studying middle school in Changzhou and his family was in Suzhou, so he often traveled between Changzhou and Suzhou on the Shanghai-Nanjing Line.He later recalled: "It is very convenient to travel from Changzhou to Suzhou. At that time, round-trip train tickets were bought one by one, with 10 tickets in one book. Tear one up and give it to the ticket inspector to get on the train."

During the Beiping period, there were two ways to travel from the city to Xiangshan, Yuquanshan and other places from Xizhimen.Deng Yunxiang recorded in "Supplements to Yanjing Local Records": "A road that goes out of Xizhimen goes straight to the west, passes through the intersection of Wanshouyuan (later changed to a zoo) and then turns west to the main road to Haidian; When you are far away, turn to the north, enter Guanxiang North Street, and walk a short distance before you arrive at Gaoliang Bridge. Once you reach Gaoliang Bridge, the scenery suddenly becomes clear. It is crystal clear water, which flows from Yuquan Mountain and Kunming Lake to Deshengmen Shuiguan. Looking northwest, you can see Xishan, Yuquan Mountain and Longevity Mountain in different shades and layers. It can be said that it is the most beautiful suburb of Beijing. a way."

In the 1920s and 1930s, rickshaws were the main means of transportation for Beijing citizens.At that time, Beijing had a population of nearly 2 million, and there were 100,000 rickshaws, one for every 20 people on average.Almost all professors and lecturers in universities in Beijing have chartered cars.These 100,000 cars have different conditions and drivers.The most high-end imported rickshaws can cost as much as 100 silver dollars.The coachmen take what they need.Kang Youwei's son-in-law Luo Chang was in his seventies, and his coachman was also in his fifties and sixties.The old coachman took him slowly on the road every day, and went out of Hepingmen to attend classes at Beijing Normal University.It is said that this kind of nostalgia is also a kind of "Beijing flavor". When Puyi was not out of the palace, he saw off many thresholds in the palace in order to learn how to ride a bicycle.Once he was riding a bicycle and was seen by a man who installed electric lights in the palace. He knelt down and begged him for a seal. nickname of the recipient.Based on this, some people think that Puyi was bad enough when he was a child, and belongs to the category of "bad bad". After Li Siguang returned from the United States, he served as a professor at Peking University and the deputy director of the Beijing Library, with a monthly income of 500 yuan.He usually rides a bicycle to and from get off work, and was ridiculed by Lu Xun in an article. After the capital moved to the south in 1928, wealthy people went their separate ways, and the automobile market in Peiping also weakened.The price of a second-hand car is no more than 1,000 yuan, and the lowest is only 180 yuan.Liu Bannong, a professor at Peking University, said: "Among our friends, we used to belong to the second-round class, and now there are quite a few who have been promoted to the fourth-round class. If I have time, I will go somewhere and accept their invitation to sit with me, and I will be very happy. Take advantage of it!" Wu Zhihui never travels in a rickshaw.When he lived in Shanghai, he went to Nanjing to meet Chiang Kai-shek. He only took a fourth-class car and saw poor people everywhere. Wu felt very happy.When he arrived in Nanjing, Wu, Chiang Kai-shek's official residence, could go straight in and out without notification.Once, when Wu took the ferry from Pukou to Xiaguan, he forgot to bring the boat fare. Xu Zhimo once asked Liang Shiqiu: "Have you ever taken a plane?" Liang replied that he had never taken it. Firstly, there was no chance, secondly, it was unnecessary, and thirdly, it was too expensive.Xu said: "You must try it, oops, it's so interesting, flying against the wind, it's so smooth. You can write manuscripts in the plane. From Ping to Shanghai, it's faster than the dawn and the evening. Lunch in Shanghai. It’s great.” At that time, Xu Zhimo had a friend who was in an airline company and saw him traveling between Beijing and Shanghai, so he gave him a long-term free ticket.Unexpectedly, what was more expensive than the ticket price was that Xu Zhimo took his life because of it. At 10:00 am on March 17, 1946, Dai Li flew from Qingdao to Nanjing by Air Navigation Commission No. 222 transport plane.It is said that Dai Li's trip was to take movie star Hu Die to Shanghai together, but in fact Hu Die did not travel with Dai Li.At around 1:00 p.m., the plane arrived over Nanjing, but was unable to land normally due to thunderstorms.Nanjing Minggugong Airport opened the navigation platform to guide the plane to descend through the clouds.If not, then fly to Shanghai or Jinan instead.However, the weather over Shanghai and Jinan was not good, so the No. 222 plane had to make another descent through the clouds in Nanjing.The plane lost its direction in the clouds and fog, and it was difficult to contact the ground. During the three landings in the thunderstorm, it passed the airport and could not land. The last time it landed, it flew to Jiangning County.At 1:06 p.m., the telecommunication communication between aircraft No. 222 and the ground was suddenly interrupted, and the signal on the plane could not be heard even after repeated calls from the ground.In the end, Mount Dai in Banqiao Town, with a height of only 200 meters, became the burial place of Dai Li during his trip. In the summer vacation of 1924, Northwest University and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education jointly held a summer lecture meeting, and invited ten famous scholars from Beijing, including Lu Xun and Jiang Tingfu.They first took the train to Shanzhou, and then took the Yellow River to Xi'an.Zhang Xinnan, who was in charge of the reception, first went to Shanzhou and hired two private boats.Unexpectedly, not long after the boat sailed, it encountered a violent storm, which lasted day and night.The next morning, after the wind and rain subsided, the owner of the boat said with a little bit of fear: "It was dangerous last night! The wind was so strong that the boat couldn't anchor. If it went backwards for more than ten miles, if it went backwards to the ghost gate (there is a mainstay in the Yellow River near Shanzhou) The mountain stands erect in the middle of the river, and the river is divided into three gates of human beings, gods, and ghosts. Only the human gates can pass through boats, which is more dangerous than the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.) Then there is no hope. Thankfully, I am safe and sound, gentlemen What a fate." One year after Mao Dun entered the Commercial Press, his younger brother Shen Zemin was admitted to the Hohai Engineering College in Nanjing. In the summer of 1917, Mao Dun went back to his hometown and sent his younger brother to Nanjing to go to school with his mother, and also visited the scenic spots in Nanjing.When returning to Shanghai, his mother proposed to take a boat on the Yangtze River, so Mao Dun booked an official cabin on the 3,000-4,000-ton luxury passenger ship sailing from Hankou to Shanghai.After the ship weighed anchor, he took his mother for a walk on the deck.Shen's mother looked at Jiang Tian from a distance, and said with emotion: "Your father has only been to Hangzhou in his life, and I have seen more of the world than him today." When Sun Yat-sen and Zhang Taiyan both lived in Shanghai, Zhang Taiyan often hired a rickshaw to go to Sun's house, but he didn't know the way back. Every time, Sun sent someone to hire another car to take Zhang home.One time Sun sent someone to take Zhang out, and there was only a rickshaw at the door. Zhang got into the car and told the driver to run quickly. When the people who wanted to take Zhang home waited for another car to arrive, Zhang had disappeared.On the way, the coachman asked Zhang where he was going, and Zhang said, "Home."As a result, Zhang has been driving around the street in a rickshaw. Zhou Zuomin, the boss of Jincheng Bank, pursues a management approach that everyone eats.There are more than 20 private cars in the Shanghai head office.The bank is responsible for the expenses of the car.Some people commented: If someone else is the general manager, seeing all the expenses of traveling by car, I can't stand it for a day.Zhou Zuomin called on more than 2,000 people to do their best for him in a daze. When Mao Dun wrote it, he showed Qu Qiubai part of the first draft.The original manuscript stated that the car that Wu Sunfu traveled in was a Ford car, because Ford cars were popular among the wealthy class in Shanghai.Qu Qiubai suggested that a big capitalist like Wu Sunfu should take a higher-end car. He suggested changing it to Citroen, and Mao Dun adopted Qu Qiubai's opinion when finalizing the draft. During the period of the Republic of China, the rickshaws in Changsha had unique characteristics: the drivers wore long robes, pulled the carts without running, and demanded a lot of money.Therefore, except for the elderly and passengers with luggage, ordinary citizens do not sit. In the autumn of 1937, in order to avoid war, Mao Dun sent his two children from Shanghai to the mainland.On the return trip, I bought a ticket from Wuhan to Hangzhou, and the train departed on October 24. I arrived in Hangzhou on November 5, and I traveled for nearly two weeks. After Hu Shi resigned as the principal of the Chinese public school, the family left Shanghai for Peking on November 28, 1930.On that day, Hu Shi’s protégé Luo Ergang took a taxi with Hu Shi’s family of four to the train station. He said, “I thought Hu Shi was acquainted with Guangzhou and had many relatives in Huizhou. Today’s platform must be full of relatives and friends to see him off. Who knows that half a shadow is also there.” No." Before the train arrived in Peiping, Luo Ergang thought that Hu Shi was the person in charge of the board of directors of the China Education and Culture Foundation and the dean of the School of Arts of Peking University. At least someone from these two units should come to pick him up. There are no shadows." Only Hu Shi's cousin hired a car, led them out of the station to the car, and then left. On May 13, 1918, the day before Xu Beihong and Jiang Biwei "eloped", Xu secretly informed Jiang Biwei that she should leave home quietly that night and hire a rickshaw to find him at the Changfa Inn on Aishuoya Road. Look for a coachman with dreadlocks, because that kind of guy is more honest and reliable. In the early years of the Republic of China, Chen Sanli lived in Zhongzheng Street, Nanjing, and there was a very short railway in front of his house.One day, Chen traveled alone, and when he came back, he took a rickshaw. The driver asked the name of the place, but Chen didn't know, so he waved the driver to go forward.After walking through the streets and alleys for a while, the coachman asked the name of the place again, but Chen still couldn't answer. Suddenly, he remembered the sound of the train and told the coachman that his house was near the train station.What the coachman is doing is running counter to the direction of his family.After finally returning home, some family members looked around, and some stood at the door and looked around.If there is no one in front of the door, Chen may not recognize that this is his home. During the period of the Republic of China, the bearers on Tianping Mountain in Suzhou were all women.One thing they often say when they are touting business is: "Madam, if you don't sit down now, if you come down from the mountain in a sedan chair, I will scold you out of the mountain gate." In the spring of 1936, Xu Beihong went south to Guangxi. In June, Jiang Biwei decided to go to Nanning to persuade Xu to return to Nanjing.She took a boat from Shanghai, went to Guangzhou via Hong Kong, and then took a ship from Sanshui to Nanning via Wuzhou.The boat from Wuzhou to Nanning was a small steamer with only one cabin, and there were six bunk beds on both sides of the cabin. After boarding the boat, Jiang Biwei found that all the 12 passengers except her were men.Jiang Biwei later recalled: "This part of the voyage took three full days. It was the extremely hot weather in the southern country. For three days, I could neither bathe nor change clothes. I could imagine the embarrassment. The one who lived in my upper bunk Sir, I have a pair of black hairy legs, and when I wake up early in the morning, I see two hairy legs hanging high on the edge of the upper bunk bed, which always makes me feel extremely disgusted and uncomfortable." At 8 a.m. on June 18, 1933, Yang Xingfo, the director-general of the Academia Sinica, and his son Yang Xiaofo boarded the car and went out. As soon as the car drove out of the gate of the Academia Sinica, four spies who had been ambushing for a long time rushed out together, drew their guns and shot randomly around the car. .The driver broke through the door after being injured. Yang Xingfo loved his son dearly and did not escape. Instead, he blocked his son with his body and died after drinking a bullet. The experience of Shi Liangcai, the owner of "Shenbao", is similar to that of Yang Xingfo. October 1934.Shi Liangcai went to Hangzhou to recuperate. On the afternoon of November 13, he returned to Shanghai by car along the Shanghai-Hangzhou Highway. There were six people including Shi's wife, son, and niece in the same car, including the driver.At about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, when the car was driving to Wengjia port near Haining, it was suddenly blocked by a car. Several gangsters jumped out of the car and shot the driver to death with guns. Shi Liangcai got out of the car one after another. Run for your life and be chased by bandits.Shi Yuan had already fled into a thatched hut, but when he fled again through the back door, he hid in a small dry pond because he didn't know his way.His son escaped. In the 1930s, Gu Jiegang was once employed by Peking University and Yenching University, and served as the dean of the History Department of Yenching University.One of the two schools is in the city and the other is in the suburbs, 30 miles apart. Gu lives at No. 5 Xihuangchenggen.Gu Jie just bought a car for this purpose, and travels between the two schools and various social activities. He pays 20 yuan for the driver and 100 yuan for gasoline every month.It can be seen that Gu Jiegang's income is not cheap. One of Liang Shuming's students once took a train with Liang Shuming and his wife. Seeing that Liang and his wife had nothing to say all the way, he said to Liang Shuming that they should chat during the journey. Why are you sitting there without saying a word?Liang Shuming said, don't think that I'm idle, you can see that the time when I'm idle may be the busiest time for me. In the 1920s, Zhou Zuoren was a professor at Peking University and a part-time lecturer at Yenching University.Therefore, he often went to the western suburbs from the city. On October 20, 1926, he said in a letter: "Yan University has been in school for more than a month, and I have to go out of the city two days a week. The Haidian road is already a little familiar. Assume that you leave at 8:00 in the morning, and your itinerary is as follows: 15 minutes to Gaoliang Bridge, 5 minutes to Cixian Temple, 10 minutes to Baixiangan South Village, 10 minutes to Yehenala’s Tomb, 5 minutes to Huangzhuang, and 15 minutes to Beilandou Bridge in Haidian. This year Autumn in Beijing is particularly beautiful, and the autumn colors in the suburbs are even more beautiful. I sat in a rickshaw in the cold wind and looked at the smoky West Mountain from a distance, and the ancient temple behind the forest and the yellowish vegetation along the river. It’s been a very long time. The most gratifying thing is the S-shaped road between Daliushu South Village and Baixiang’an South Village. It looks like a picture, and I can’t get tired of seeing it. But this is just to say that the empty place, if it’s a city street, For example, Xizhimen or Haidian Town, it is really unpleasant, especially in Haidian, the roads are damaged and dirty, every side ditch is full of rubbish and coal ash dumped by residents, it is a scene of no one managing the place On the street, I met gray people in threes and fives, and there was often a piece of red paper pasted on the door of the school or store, which said something like regiment, camp, company, etc. This situation was the worst when I first left the city, and it seems to be a little better now Yes, but still not all gone.” In the spring of 1924, Tagore came to China. After visiting Beijing, he was accompanied by Xu Zhimo and the British En Houzhi to Shanxi.In the carriage before departure, Xu Zhimo was still writing letters to Lin Huiyin, the ink was still wet, and the car started.En Houzhi noticed that Xu Zhimo was holding the letter paper with a sad expression on his face. Taking advantage of the excitement and chaos, he took the letter and put it away for the poet.This unsent letter later became a collection and was published in the 1980s. In the winter vacation of 1927, Wu Mi, who was teaching at Tsinghua University, took the train back to Shaanxi to visit relatives. On January 11th, when the car drove through Shanxi, Wu Mi wrote down his impressions in his diary that day: "In Shanxi, the fields are rehabilitated, the city walls are magnificent, there are no thieves in the wild, and there are few beggars on the way. I have to attribute it to Yan Xishan."