Chapter 46 10. The mystery of "serial sets"

Fu Jian was as tolerant as ever, and he was no exception when facing Murong Wei, the last monarch of the former enemy country.Murong Wei's arrogant posture reminds people of the scene when Ran Min was captured many years ago-the ending is so different.He even yelled domineeringly at Ju Wu, the former general of the Qin Dynasty who came forward to tie him up: "Where are you from, you dare to tie up the emperor!" Ju Wu replied seriously: "I am ordered to pursue the thief, where is the emperor?" Murong Wei was speechless, but he still did not forget to look coldly at Fu Jian who had met him.When Fu Jian scolded him for running away instead of surrendering, he replied: "Fox died in Shouqiu, I just want to die in front of the tomb of my ancestors." Fu Jian felt sympathetic, untied him, and let him return to Ye In the city palace, he led all the civil and military officials out of the city to surrender.

As the so-called "Thirty Years of Hedong, Thirty Years of Hexi", the last time when the north was unified, the Later Zhao in the Guandong eliminated the former Zhao in Guanzhong, but this time the situation reversed, the former Qin in Guanzhong merged with the former Yan in the Guandong, and Fu Jian realized It has been a long-cherished wish for many years to become the new overlord of the north. (If counting until the reunification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there have been two reunifications in Guandong and Guanzhong since then, that is, the Northern Zhou Dynasty in Guanzhong destroyed the Great Xia in Guanzhong 60 years later, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty in Guanzhong destroyed the Guandong Qiqi two hundred years later. The history is very interesting. A real picture of "feng shui taking turns" was created. The confrontation between the two forces of the East and the West happened to be "crisscrossed" and ended up two to two. Is this just a small accident or is there an inevitable connection? The fun of history doesn't stop there, let's look at another example -)

After careful study, there is still some mystery in the rise and fall of the sixteen northern countries, that is, the "mutual growth and mutual restraint" among the several major ethnic groups.We put together the five "Hu" ethnic groups and Han ethnic groups in the established sixteen countries. According to their origin, they can be roughly divided into four major ethnic groups, that is, the Hu ethnic group belonging to the Xiongnu, including Tu Gebu (former founder of Zhao), Jie The Hu Department (the founder of the Later Zhao Dynasty), the Lu Shui Department (the founder of Beiliang) and the Tiefu Department (the founders of Liu Hu, Liu Weichen and Daxia), etc., the Xianbei of the Eastern Hu Branch, including Murong, Tuoba, and Qifu , bald hair and other tribes (some things here will be explained later), the Diqiang tribe of the Xiqiang (that is, the ancestors of the Tibetans and the Qiang people), and the fourth tribe is of course the Han people (note that the Han people here are from before the Northern Dynasty) The southern Han people are very different from the Han people in the Sui and Tang Dynasties).

First of all, the Han people had no good fruit to eat in front of the Huns. The Western Jin Dynasty fell to the Huns, and the achievements of Liu Yu's Northern Expedition were eventually stolen by the Huns. Next, the Huns never took advantage of the Xianbei people. I had doubts about this in the previous "Yongjia Rebellion"; He also died at the hands of Xianbei and Northern Wei. But the Xianbei people had nothing to do with the Diqiang people.The death of Qianyan in the former Qin Dynasty is a good evidence. In the end, the Han people had the upper hand in the contest with the Diqiang people. Huan Wen’s first Northern Expedition almost destroyed Qin. What I am proud of is the great victory in the life-and-death battle in 383 AD.So we saw an interesting "serial set" situation, maybe it's just a coincidence, maybe there are other reasons, and I don't know which hero can solve the "mystery" here.

After a lapse of more than a thousand years, we have formed such a "serial set" formation, which inevitably includes entertainment elements, but the military encounters between these ethnic groups did not allow the slightest joke at all.In fact, such "serial sets" are quite similar to those in sports competitions, which generally reflect the differences in the cultural styles of various ethnic groups.Although the Han culture was still the mainstream culture in the land of China when the Sixteen Kingdoms were in chaos, as the marginal ethnic groups continued to integrate into the Central Plains, they also brought cultures with their own national characteristics or background characteristics. In the process of cultural exchange, as mentioned above, various conflicts and even wars are inevitable.To put it further, such conflicts are similar to today's "Chinese-Western cultural conflicts" and "Chinese-American cultural conflicts". What should never be forgotten is that conflicts are not a bad thing, and they are also part of communication and integration.Even at that time, we can see from hindsight that although Han culture eventually ruled China as the mainstream, it was already quite different from the so-called Han culture in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The essence of other nations".This kind of process may have some helplessness for both the ruler and the common people at that time, but in the end, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

It’s a bit far-fetched, but I just want to express a point of view I have always had: culture has not changed (change), there is only cultural development (I think the word "improve" can express the meaning more accurately), and there is no absolute culture. The pros and cons of it, because it itself is a dynamic process.Understanding these is probably more meaningful than solving the puzzle itself. The vicious circle of "serial sets" is not broken by anyone.Fu Jian was one of them. He sent troops to destroy the Chou Chi Yang family who had been attached to Qin and then rebelled against Qin. (This Qiuchi is actually a branch of Di and Qiang, and its ruling area is in the west of Chengxian County, Gansu Province.) After that, Fu Jian broke the "convention" that "Di and Qiang lost to the Han people", and in the ninth year of Jianyuan (AD 373) captured Liangzhou and Yizhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and occupied the hometown of Cheng Han thirty years ago.

Three years later, he sent troops again, and this time the target was Qianliang, which once declared itself a vassal to Qin, but refused to obey orders (this is also one of the few Han regimes in the Sixteen Kingdoms). As mentioned earlier, after the tyranny of Zhang Zuo was overthrown, the child Zhang Xuanliang became the shepherd of Liangzhou, and the heroes Zhang Guan and Song Hun who supported him became the general of Wei and the other of the auxiliary state. In fact, Zhang Guan had greater power Quite a lot.Brother Song Hun was very upset, so he and his younger brother Song Cheng found an opportunity to say that Zhang Guan was plotting to usurp the throne, and they jointly attacked Zhang Guan and killed his whole family.Song Hun replaced Zhang Guan as the general. After Song Hun died of illness, Song Cheng continued to assert power.The right Sima Zhang Yong couldn't stand it anymore, so he launched a coup, killed the whole Song family, and assisted in the government with Zhang Xuanliang's uncle Zhang Tianxi.

However, Zhang Yong is not much better. He is not only arrogant, but also as lustful as Zhang Zuo, and even hooked up with that Ma Shi (I don’t know how this Ma Shi has such a great charm, and he has attracted so many people with the surname Zhang continuously.) ), Liangzhou officials and people complained about him.So Zhang Tianxi took the opportunity to lead troops to attack Zhang Yong when he was in the upper court, and shouted: "Zhang Yong has no way and disturbed the country. This is my family business. I only want the life of Zhang Yong, and the rest will not be guilty!" Zhang Yong's guards dispersed immediately, and Zhang Yong had no choice but to kill himself.Zhang Tianxi took control of the government again.In the first year of Xingning, Emperor Ai of Jin Dynasty (363 A.D.), Zhang Tianxi secretly executed Zhang Xuanliang, who was in the way, and established himself as the shepherd of Liangzhou.

After a series of killings, the resources of the once "paradise" in Liangzhou have been exhausted. Zhang Tianxi is not an inspirational master. , and started a confrontation with the former Qin Dynasty, which gave Fu Jian an excuse to conquer. Liangzhou was really too small, and Zhang Tianxi didn't judge the situation, and insisted on going his own way, causing internal divisions. His subordinates rebelled or surrendered.Zhang Tianxi had no choice but to surrender himself.Thirty-one years after Zhang Jun proclaimed the King of Liang, Qianliang was finally wiped out by the former Qin Dynasty, becoming the fifth extinct regime among the sixteen kingdoms.

In October of this year (AD 376), Liu Weichen, who had surrendered to Qin mentioned above, was persecuted by Dai Wang Shi Yiqian and asked Fu Jian for help.Fu Jian dispatched 200,000 infantry and cavalry, led by Liu Weichen, to launch a massive attack on Tuoba Xianbei. The Xianbei people couldn't escape the "strange circle" and lost consecutive battles. At this time, Shi Yiqian was already a late hero and seriously ill. He was unable to lead the army to resist, so he had to lead the main force of his subordinates to hide in the north of Yinshan Mountain.The tribes that had been conquered took the opportunity to rebel, but Shiyiqian couldn't gain a foothold, so he turned back to Monan again.However, Shi Yijian, who was still panting, was killed by his eldest son Tuoba Shijun before he had time to regroup (see Chapter 1 of "Chasing the Central Plains").The Hui army of the former Qin Dynasty approached Yunzhong, the capital of the Dai State, Tuoba's various tribes fled and collapsed, and the Dai State was declared to perish.

So far, in just six years, Fu Jian unified the north almost without bloodshed, composing a "myth" in the history of the Sixteen Kingdoms.