Chapter 6 4. Refugees from Central Shu

When it comes to Chengguo, which rose in Shu, we have to talk about the successive natural disasters during the Yuankang period.In , if we turn to the history of the past few years, we will see the following text: Disasters occurred frequently in the past five years, and three of them involved Guanzhong. As an important area of ​​the country at that time (Chang'an in Guanzhong had always existed in such an important position as the Western Capital), it was impossible for these natural disasters not to cause a certain degree of disaster. social chaos. (So ​​I think that not only man-made disasters, but also the continuous natural disasters at the end of the third century A.D. were also a very important factor that led to the sixteen-nation melee for more than a hundred years. I will mention this again later.)

During the Great Famine in Guanzhong in the eighth year of Yuankang (297 A.D.), hundreds of thousands of refugees from six counties including Lueyang and Tianshui were forced to leave their homes and flocked to the relatively affluent Shu land at that time.There is such a group of people in the huge refugee team. They are very enthusiastic to help and take care of the old, weak, sick and disabled on the way to flee famine, and they are very popular.This group of people is Li Te, a Badi man, and his brothers Li Liu, Li Xiang and others.Ba Di was originally a tribe in Sichuan and Shu.When Zhang Lu occupied Hanzhong, the Li Te brothers' grandfather Li Wu defected to him. When Cao Cao captured Hanzhong, he moved the tribe headed by the Li family to Lueyang, Guanzhong, and named it "Badi".The father of the Li Te brothers, Li Mu, was a hunting general of the Eastern Qiang during the Cao Wei Dynasty, commanding the Di, Qiang and other tribes.

Because of bribing the officials sent by the imperial court to investigate the situation at that time, after the refugees entered their homeland, Shu, they were able to stay in large numbers.Later, the refugees scattered to various places in central Shu, and the imperial court could no longer stop them.At that time, Li Te entered the land of Shu, and after seeing the topography here, he once said such a sentence that surprised "everyone who heard it": "Liu Chan has such a land and his face is tied to others, isn't it a mediocrity?" Zhao Ben, the governor of Yizhou at that time, was the in-law of Jananfeng who gained power in the early stage of the "Eight Kings Rebellion".In the first year of Yongkang (300 A.D.), Jananfeng lost power and was abolished. The imperial court appointed Geng Teng, the governor of Chengdu, to replace Zhao as the new governor of Yizhou. Geng Teng secretly asked the court to repatriate the refugees from Shu, so he took the opportunity to incite the anger of the refugees, and raised troops to kill Geng Teng, the new governor of Yizhou who had come to take office. He called himself Yizhou Mu, General, and Governor.

But Zhao Jin was mediocre. Although he occupied Yizhou alone, he was not good at dealing with internal conflicts. Li Te's third younger brother, Li Xiang, was brave and good at fighting and had some prestige. Although Zhao Qian used him, he was jealous.In addition, a group of people around me who came up with ideas at that time added more fuel and advocacy, saying that "if you are not of my race, your heart must be different" (hehe, this is the second time this sentence has appeared, it is not a simple repetition) , He also said, "This is a betrayal and a handover, and it should be done early." Zhao Jian thought it was reasonable, so he found an excuse of intentional rebellion and treason, and killed Li Xiang.At that time, Li Te and Li Liu brothers were all surrounded by soldiers, Zhao hurriedly handed Li Xiang's body to Li Te, and sent someone to tell them: "Although Li Xiang has been convicted and killed, your brothers have nothing to do with this crime." Let them still be their Overseers. (Ms. Zhao killed Li Xiang, but returned Li Xiang’s body, and left it to the Li Te brothers for military power. I’m afraid it’s not like provocation, so why worry about Li’s rebellion? How can the word "mediocrity" really be taken for granted? !)

The Li brothers resented Zhao Qian very much, and even led troops to kill Mianzhu.At this time, several confidants of Zhao Qian's subordinates were killing each other, which eventually led to a great weakening of their internal strength.Li Te took advantage of the night to attack the army sent by Zhao Qian, and burned most of Zhao's subordinate Fei Yuan and others to death, and took advantage of the situation to attack Chengdu. Tasting the consequences, he was killed by his subordinates. After Li Te occupied Chengdu, he sent envoys to explain Zhao Yu's crimes to Luoyang.The imperial court appointed Luo Shang, the governor of Liangzhou, as the governor of Yizhou, and entered Yizhou. Luo Shang's left and right believed that the serious trouble of the Li family should be eliminated as soon as possible, but Luo Shang refused.Luo and Li seemed to live in peace, with Luo Shang serving as his governor, while Li Te stationed troops in the Mianzhu area and set up a large camp to house refugees.

But Luo Shang's task in entering Sichuan was to repatriate a large number of refugees.Li Te helped the refugees many times to ask Luo Shang to suspend their deportation. Luo Shang agreed to the request to Yan Shi, the emissary sent by Li Te, but secretly prepared to attack Li Te's refugee camp. Later, he proposed to Lite to be prepared. A few days later, one night, Luo Shang sent 30,000 troops to attack the refugee camp. The army approached the camp and saw Li Te sleeping peacefully in the camp. Seeing ambushes everywhere, an army of refugees came to kill them, and Roshan's army was beaten to pieces.

Relying on the army built on the basis of refugees from the six counties, Li Te took advantage of the momentum of victory, and soon captured Guanghan, and made three chapters with the local people. Sure enough, he made Guanghan in good order, and the songs of the local people also showed the difference. : "Li Te is OK, Luo Shang kills me." Luo Shang retreated steadily in Li Te's successive attacks, so he had to confront Li Shi according to Jiang. In the second year of Tai'an, Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty (303 A.D.), Li Te crossed the river and defeated Luo Shang and captured Shu County. Luo Shang retreated to Taicheng and asked Li Te for peace. be on guard.Because there was little food in the army at that time, Li Te scattered the refugees from the six counties to various villages to eat.Li Liu pointed out: "We have just acquired these places, and the hearts of the people have not stabilized. Now we should gather troops in one place to prevent accidents, and not disperse the troops." Li Xiong, the son of Li Te, also held this view.But Li Te misjudged the situation at that time, and said very angrily: "Now that the major event has been decided, we should only calm down the people. How can we be suspicious?" A common problem with uprisings, although Little’s refugee uprising was more like an organized rebellion than an uprising in the strict sense.)

Facts proved that Li Liu's worry was not unreasonable, and soon Luo Shang received reinforcements from Jingzhou and other places.The Jin army took advantage of Li Te's army to disperse all over the country and led troops to raid Li Te's camp. Due to the strength of the Jin army, all the villages rebelled one after another. Li Te's army was defeated and Li Te was killed in the rebellion. Li Liu, Li Xiong, and Li Te's other son, Li Dang, each retreated. However, this was a wake-up call to the refugee army.Soon, Li Liu led the troops of Li Dang and Li Xiong to attack Luo Shang's army, and they were defeated, and the morale of the refugees was revived.Li Liu took advantage of the victory and chased all the way to the city of Chengdu. Luo Shang was so frightened that he closed the city gate tightly and could not hold on. Li Dang was accidentally shot with a spear and died.

The successive deaths of Li Te and Li Dang terrified Li Liu. Seeing that Jingzhou reinforcements were coming, he actually adopted his brother-in-law Li Han's advice and took his son Li Shi and Li Han's son Li Hu as hostages, preparing to surrender to the Jin army.Li Xiong and others tried their best to admonish him, but it seemed to be of no avail. Fortunately, this plan of surrendering with a pledge angered Li Han's other son, Li Li, the prefect who was stationed in Zitong. Li Li rushed from Zitong, but failed to appeal to Li Liu in time, so he had to come to Li Xiong's camp to discuss remedial measures.

Li Xiong said: "The current solution is to raise troops to attack the reinforcements in Jingzhou; but those two old men (referring to Li Liu and Li Han) disagree, what should I do?" Li Li suggested, "Why don't we act privately?" Li Xiong got support, so he came to the refugees with Li Li, and appealed: "We have been plotting against for a long time, and killed many officers, soldiers and even the people of Shu. Only by working together to defeat Jingzhou's reinforcements can we share wealth!" Everyone was encouraged by this, and followed Li Xiong and Li Li to raid Jingzhou's reinforcements. It turned out that Jingzhou's reinforcements were no more than paper tigers, and they were repelled in the first battle.This victory also made Li Liu, who had almost gone astray, feel ashamed. He praised Li Xiong: "He must be the one who rejuvenates our family!" .

Li Liu was seriously ill that year, and before he died, he entrusted Li Xiong with the important affairs after his death.Li Liu passed away, and everyone pushed Li Xiong as the main one.With Picheng as his capital, Li Xiong called himself General, Governor, and Mu of Yizhou, and led the army to continue fighting against Luo Shang's army.He first repelled Luo Shang who came to attack Picheng, and then captured Qianwei to cut off the grain roads in Chengdu.Luo Shang, who was isolated and hungry, couldn't bear Li Xiong's continuous attacks, so he had to escape from the city by water at night. Li Xiong finally got his wish and invaded Chengdu.In the second year, that is, the first year of Yongxing when Liu Yuan started the incident, Li Xiong claimed to be the king of Chengdu, changed his name to Jianxing, abolished the laws of the Jin Dynasty, and renewed the seven chapters of the law. The interior of the Jin Dynasty had no time to look around because of the "Eight Kings Rebellion", and the middle of Shu got temporary stability.Two years later, in the first year of Emperor Hui of Jin Guangxi (306 A.D.), Li Xiong became the emperor again, changed his Yuan to Yanping, and the country's name was Dacheng. He became the first person among the sixteen countries to call himself emperor. (In fact, the division of the Three Kingdoms period had a considerable impact on the history of the next 300 years, especially the division of the Sixteen Kingdoms. Due to the existence of the Three Kingdoms, the so-called royal orthodoxy established since the Qin and Han Dynasties was seriously affected. People began to question it. The Jin Dynasty, which originally unified the country, had the conditions to re-establish an orthodox system, but because of the royal family’s own reasons, this new dynasty did not re-establish the orthodoxy. Although most historians of later generations Both recognize the orthodox status of the Jin Dynasty, but this prestige is questionable. The idea of ​​which of Wei and Shu is the orthodox has been disputed for more than a thousand years, and in the end there is no convincing point of view. At that time, many people also With the goal of achieving achievements similar to those of Liu Bei, the status of occupying Shu is not low. At the end of the Three Kingdoms period, Zhong Hui once said: "If you surrender the Shu Han, you can still be Liu Bei." This is why Li Xiong only State is an important reason for daring to proclaim the emperor. Please note that when proclaiming the emperor in the past, he paid great attention to the orthodox status, at least there must be a certificate such as a jade seal, which can be found in many examples in .)