Chapter 25 24. A battlefield without gunpowder smoke

The failure of the Battle of Heqiao Mangshan made the people of Guanzhong panic.Yu Wentai almost went out in full force this time, taking away all the elite, leaving very few soldiers behind.The Eastern Wei soldiers captured in the previous two battles scattered among the people, taking the opportunity to rebel.General Li Hu and others arrived in Chang'an first. In order to prevent accidents, a group of ministers escorted Prince Yuanqin out of the city and temporarily took refuge in the north of the Weishui River.The sub-city of Chang'an and Xianyang were occupied by rebels, and scuffles broke out inside and outside Chang'an City.

Yu Wentai followed the advice of Lu Tong, the regular servant of Sanqi, "the general army is coming", and rested the exhausted army before calmly marching west to suppress the rebellion.The rebel army was originally a mob, and it was not enough to cause trouble. They were defeated when they fought against Yu Wentai's regular army.Yu Wentai quickly recaptured the two cities, beheaded the leader of the rebel army, and captured and punished the ministers who had second thoughts. After quelling the civil strife, Yu Wentai turned to building internal affairs and "practicing internal strength". Gao Huan in the east also stopped using troops against the Western Wei Dynasty, and the two families maintained superficial peace for several years.During this period, the Eastern and Western Wei fought in a battlefield that seemed to have no gunpowder—the diplomacy with Rouran.

During the Six Towns Rebellion, Rouran Khan Anagui nominally surrendered to the Northern Wei Dynasty, sent troops to help suppress it, and took the opportunity to develop and strengthen his own power.In the era of Emperor Xiaozhuang, all the ministries of Rouran prospered again, and Anagui called himself "Chi Liantou Bing Khan" (meaning "grasp the sacred" in Xianbei language), and dominated Mobei.The division of the Central Plains objectively contributed to the revival of Rouran. Anagui went west and defeated the Gaoche Kingdom established by the Chile people, and continued to send troops to harass the north of the Eastern and Western Wei.He has been to Luoyang, admired the culture of the Central Plains, and even took in and reused Chunyu Tan, a Han envoy sent by the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and set up officials with reference to the Han system.If it is said that during this period of China, the Eastern, Western Wei, and Southern Liang were the three pillars of power, then in the desert area, it was the three kingdoms of Rouran, Eastern, and Western Wei.

With the complete collapse of the defense system of the six towns, the military advantage of Wei State in the face of Rouran in the past has disappeared.When the national power is strong, use troops, and when the national power is weak, make peace with each other. This has always been the basic strategic policy of the ancient regimes in dealing with the northern nomads.Both Eastern and Western Wei adopted a gentle policy towards Rouran, competing to marry Anagui. Anagui wanted to take both left and right, so he led an army to invade the Western Wei Dynasty and demonstrate to the Western Wei Dynasty.Yu Wentai was already stretched to deal with the Eastern Wei's attack, and really couldn't stand Anagui's repeated harassment, so he agreed to marry a daughter of a royal clan as Princess Huazheng, and married Anagui's younger brother Tahan.

The Rouran people were not satisfied with this, and Anagui then put forward a new request: to ask Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty to marry his daughter and make him a queen. Anagui is very arrogant. It should be known that even in the heyday of the Huns, the Han Dynasty only married the princess to the Xiongnu Shanyu, and there was no precedent for the emperor of the Han Dynasty to marry the Xiongnu princess.What's more, Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty had already appointed a queen——Yifushi from the Tuyuhun tribe. Queen Yifu's ancestors lived in Qinghai for generations, and Beiliang perished, and her great ancestor Yifu Mogui led his troops to the Northern Wei Dynasty.Yifu's family, from Mo Gui down, had a close relationship with the Northern Wei royal family for three consecutive generations. The eldest sons were recruited as son-in-laws, and most of the daughters were married as princesses.Emperor Wen had been with Yifushi for many years, and the two had a deep relationship. Anagui's request made him in a dilemma.

As a monarch, there is no emotional freedom to speak of, family affairs are state affairs, and the Western Wei Dynasty has no capital to refuse.Emperor Wen chose to submit, and in the fourth year of Datong (AD 538), he ordered Yifu to retreat to another palace, become a nun, change Narouran princess Yu Jiulu as queen, and sent envoys to give Rouran a large sum of money and silk. Anagui took advantage of the people of the Western Wei Dynasty and became an enemy of the Eastern Wei Dynasty.He detained and killed Yuanzheng, an envoy sent by the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and then led his troops to loot Fanyang in Youzhou, Xiurong in Sizhou and other places. The northern border of the Eastern Wei Dynasty was not peaceful.

The Eastern Wei Dynasty had the strength to repel Rouran's small-scale attack, but it was impossible to launch several armies to take the initiative to attack as in the heyday of the Northern Wei Dynasty, so that Rouran could not find the north.Gao Huan's strategy is naturally not inferior to Yu Wentai and Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty.He sent his confidant Zhang Huizuan to Rouran as a new envoy. On the one hand, he declared to Anagui that the regime of the Eastern Wei Dynasty was the orthodox state of Wei, and that he should not help the evildoers; . Although Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty abolished Yifushi, the two still had an old relationship, and their ties were broken, which aroused the jealousy of Princess Rouran and Empress Yu Jiulu.When Anagui heard that his precious daughter was being bullied, Zhang Huizui took the opportunity to whisper in Anagui's ears, saying that Emperor Wen and Yuwentai had done a lot of evil, killed Emperor Xiaowu, and married a woman from the royal family as a fake princess. Now he wants to harm Empress Yu Jiulu again.Anagui was furious, and in the spring of the second year of Xinghe in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (the sixth year of Datong in the Western Wei Dynasty, AD 540), he led an army across the Yellow River and attacked the Western Wei Dynasty. The forward approached Xiazhou (now south of Wushen Banner, Inner Mongolia).

There was an uproar in the Western Wei Dynasty, and people rumored that Rouran's move was to punish the empress.Emperor Wen sighed: "Is there anyone who raises millions of troops because of one woman? Hey, the world is discussing this, why do I have the face to meet the generals!" This helplessness is somewhat similar to Tang Xuanzong in front of Maweipo. However, Emperor Wen, who had no real power, had even weaker voice.He ordered Bfreund to be killed in exchange for Anagui's retreat. The relationship between the Western Wei Dynasty and Rouran was on the verge of severance.However, the luck of the Western Wei Dynasty was bad enough. A few months later, Empress Yu Jiulu died of dystocia, and Anagui decided to fall to the Eastern Wei Dynasty.He sent people to pay tribute to the Eastern Wei Dynasty and ask for a marriage for his son An Luochen.The Eastern Wei Dynasty selected Princess Le'an, the younger sister of Yuanzhi, the king of Changshan, and changed her title to Princess Lanling (equivalent to being recognized as a younger sister by Emperor Xiaojing), and betrothed to An Luochen.This happened in the autumn of the second year of Xinghe. In June of the following year (541 A.D.), Gao Huan personally sent the princess and rich gifts to the north of Loufan (now Ningwu, Shanxi).It is very wrong to put this matter in 535 AD and mistakenly think that the princess married Anagui herself.The marriage between the Eastern and Western Wei and Rouran, with the Western Wei coming first and the Eastern Wei following, is described in detail in the "Northern History Zhuzhuan". The records in "Wei Shu·Zhu Zhe Zhuan" are unclear, but the "Wei Shu" is the standard, so there appeared in 535 AD that "you are Rouran no longer a bandit", and in 536 AD there was "Rouran invaded the Eastern Wei Dynasty by Wei". Three piles" contradictory statement.The real "Rou Ran is no longer a bandit" should be counted from 540 AD.

In the year when the princess married far away, another extremely important event happened in the Eastern Wei Dynasty: a new type of code "Lin Zhi Ge" was published in the Lin Zhi Palace. "Ge", as a complete legal form, entered the stage of Chinese history for the first time.What is a lattice?Simply put, they are practical regulations for officials to refer to and to supplement laws and regulations.The official regulations of the Northern Wei Dynasty, namely the "Northern Wei Law", its framework was born out of the "Han Law" and the subsequent "Jin Law".In order to make up for the loopholes and deficiencies of the "Laws of the Northern Wei Dynasty" and to cope with the ever-changing situation, the temporary regulations "Ge" began to be implemented in the late Northern Wei Dynasty. "Lin Zhi Ge" is named as the editor-in-chief of Gao Huan's eldest son Gao Cheng, and the editors include San Gong Lang Zhong Feng Shu, Sanqi Chang Shi Wen Zisheng, Yushi Lieutenant Cui Xian, Shi Zhong Feng Longzhi, etc. It is divided into fifteen volumes. "Linzhige" did not help the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the subsequent Northern Qi Dynasty to solve the serious problem of officials' corruption and abuse of the law in effect, but in form it laid the blueprint for the later "Northern Qi Law".The Northern Zhou Dynasty unified the north. After the Sui Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the legal system was almost copied from the Northern Qi Dynasty. The "Sui Law" issued by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty in the third year of Kaihuang (583 AD) had the same title as the "Northern Qi Law".

The Eastern Wei Dynasty had "Ge", while the Western Wei Dynasty had "Shi", that is, the official document schedule.The biggest contributor here is Su Chuo.In the few years after the Battle of Heqiao Mangshan, Yuwentai reformed the current affairs, and Su Chuo did his best to support him. Baochang is a derivative version of the Three Chiefs System in the Northern Wei Dynasty), and it was fully implemented to garrison land to fund military supplies. In the seventh year of Datong (AD 541), Su Chuo promulgated six edicts in the Western Wei Dynasty, which are as follows: 1. Treat the heart; All taxes.These edicts expound the essentials of government administration from the perspective of Confucianism, citing scriptures and fluent language.After reading it, Yu Wentai admired it very much, and asked all officials of the Western Wei Dynasty to carefully read and understand the spirit of the six imperial edicts, and conduct regular assessments. Those who cannot understand the six imperial edicts or do not understand accounting will be disqualified from being officials.Yuwentai promulgated another twelve post system to further supervise officials.The 12-job system plus the previous 24-post system, combined by Su Chuo for profit and loss, consisted of five volumes, and was implemented throughout the Western Wei Dynasty. It was called "Zhongxing Yongshi". It is called "general style". Together with "Law" and "Ling", the pair of new things "Ge" and "Style" gradually became institutionalized, and became the four major legal forms in the Tang Dynasty.

Cooperating with the political reform, Yu Wentai took another solid step in military reform.In the eighth year of Datong, he ordered the establishment of the Sixth Army and the establishment of Fubing. The system of "six armies" comes from "Zhou Li": "Where an army is ruled, there are 2,500 people in the army. The king's six armies, the three armies of a big country, the second army of a second country, and the first army of a small country." Yuwentai "backdoor listing", There is a big difference in substance: the Six Armies of the Zhou Dynasty mainly referred to military units; the Six Armies of the Western Wei Dynasty focused on organizational units. The "Six Armies" later developed into an army led by six generals of the Zhu Kingdom. Yu Wentai assigned the position of the General of the Zhu Kingdom to multiple people.Each Zhuguo general supervises two generals, and each general supervises two Kaifus, making a total of twenty-four armies.The government soldiers specialize in training and fighting. They do not have household registration and do not have to bear taxes.The separation of soldiers and civilians has greatly improved the number and quality of professional soldiers; the management of the tree structure is conducive to the coordinated operations of the army. The military system of the government has begun to take shape, and the swordsmen in the east have risen again.In order to strengthen the defense, Wang Sizheng, who guarded Hongnong, moved the town to Hedong and built a city in the difficult terrain of Yubi (southwest of Jishan, Shanxi), directly facing the southwest border of Jinzhou in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and only 700 miles away from Jinyang where Gao Huan was located. distance.Gao Huan regarded Yubi City as the number one thorn in his side. He led a large army into the Western Wei Dynasty from Fen and Jiangzhou, and set up a 40-mile company battalion, intending to take all the Hedong area of ​​​​the Western Wei Dynasty.