Chapter 13 Twelve, Wu Chuan Yuwen's

The word "Yuwen" means both the surname and the tribe, and is a transliteration of the Xianbei language. "Northern History" says that "Yuwen" means "Son of Heaven", so there may be some attachments.According to Mr. Yang Xianyi's textual research, the word "Yuwen" in Xianbei has the same origin as the word Niowan (cyan) in Manchu today, and refers specifically to a river at that time——Qingshui, also called Rushui (the upper reaches of the Luanhe River today, in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia), It is the place where the Yuwen tribe originated. (Mr. Yang even asserted that Yuwen means "cyan", that is, "black", which actually corresponds to the first half of Yuwentai's Xianbei name "Black Otter". This statement is a bit exaggerated, because Xianbei people have common names It is clearly divided, not as anonymous as some ethnic groups, but it can also be regarded as the words of a family.)

The Yuwen Department galloped beyond the Great Wall, and was destroyed by the Qianyan established by the Murong Department, and the survivors moved to Changli, which we have introduced in detail in .After Houyan was defeated by the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yuwenling, the head of the Yuwen family, defected to Tuobagui with his family, and soon moved to Wuchuan Township, one of the six towns. From Yuwen Mausoleum to Yuwentai, the Yuwen family has experienced five generations in Wuchuan Town.To the west of Wuchuan Town is adjacent to Huaishuo Town, where Gao Huan is located, and the two towns were the focus of the attack. (Interestingly, in the era of the Six Towns, Yuwentai was in the east and Gao Huan was in the west; in the future when he dominates the world, the two are adjusted, Gao Huan is in the east and Yuwentai is in the west.)

Yu Wentai's father, Yu Wengong, did not follow the general trend to rebel, but organized a cavalry team with Heba Duba, the leader of Wuchuan Army, to resist.Wei Kegu, the general who broke Liuhan Baling and attacked Wuchuan, died in the surprise attack launched by Yu Wengong and Heba Duba. Yuwen Gong has four sons: the eldest son Yuwenhao, the second son Yuwenlian, the third son Yuwen Luosheng, and Yuwentai the youngest.Although Yu Wenhu is not a general, he is also a professional soldier passed down from generation to generation in the six towns. The four sons grew up on horseback since childhood, and they are all alive and well on the battlefield.

In the battle with Wei Kegu, the number of enemy troops was extremely large. After assassinating Wei Kegu, Yu Wenzhu's horse was suddenly frightened, turned over and fell off his horse accidentally, and was facing a siege.Seeing it from a distance, Yu Wenhao quickly led several horsemen and horses into the siege, invincible, and killed dozens of enemy soldiers.After he broke it himself, he covered his father's horse and escaped. The enemy cavalry regrouped and swarmed in. Yu Wenhao was outnumbered and died of exhaustion. Yu Wenjiu lost his eldest son, wishing he could turn around and take revenge immediately, but he also knew that with the little force in front of him, there might be a chance of winning a surprise attack, and if he wanted to completely defeat the anti-government armed forces everywhere, it would be like a dream In the time of war and chaos, the six towns on Saishang are no longer long-term residences.Thinking of this, he took his three sons and fled south with Heba Duba and others.

At that time, the main army of the Northern Wei court was led by Wang Yuanyuan of Guangyang and stationed in Wuyuan (now northwest of Baotou, Inner Mongolia).He Baduba asked his second son, He Basheng, to go to Wuyuan to report the news of the attack on Wei Kegu so that he could contact him.The situation is unpredictable, and as soon as He Basheng left, the tribes of He Ba Duba and Yu Wengong were attacked by Chile cavalry who rebelled against the Northern Wei Dynasty.Heba Duba died in battle, and the rest of the troops were also separated. Yu Wengong and his son fled eastward to Zhongshan, while He Baduba's other two sons, He Bayun and He Bayue, went south to Wuyuan to vote for He Basheng.

(He Basheng was talented. After arriving in Wuyuan, he was highly valued by Yuanyuan and was appointed as the military leader. Later, he was promoted to general because of his repeated military exploits. Yuwentai rose later, and the military power of the He Ba brothers was extremely critical. ) Yu Wengong and his son did not live a few days of peace in Zhongshan. Although Po Liuhan Baling was suppressed, hundreds of thousands of his Six Town Army still surrendered.The Northern Wei Dynasty resettled these people to the military mansions of the states in Hebei, meaning that I am beyond my power on the border, so let's move them to the area that I can control.

Due to the ineffective conquest and suppression by the imperial army, the rebellions in various places objectively forced the local armed forces to play a role and took the opportunity to become stronger.This is exactly the same as the Chen Sheng uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty and the Yellow Turban Army uprising at the end of the Han Dynasty, which led to the warlords' melee.Throughout the dynasties in China, almost all the dynasties that set their capitals in the north were unacceptable due to civil strife, and eventually fell apart and social reorganization. The typical ones were the Sui, Tang, Yuan, Ming, and Qing; At the end of the dynasties, almost all of them perished due to the invasion of enemy countries (or hostile forces), such as the Shu Han before, the Southern Chen, Southern Song, and Republic of China after Soochow, and so on.

It is indeed inappropriate to place the soldiers and civilians of the six towns who surrendered ("surrendered households") in the border areas, which are easy to be used by those quasi-warlords; To make matters worse, the court of the Northern Wei Dynasty believed too much in its own military power and control. When Yuan Yuan heard about the imperial court's decision, he immediately sighed: "This generation is a beggar again, and the disaster should be caused by this." He couldn't help but think of the refugee army that had an important impact on the chaos of the Sixteen Kingdoms—the begging army, He also foresees that greater disasters are about to come, but he can only wail helplessly.

Du Luozhou and Xianyu Xiuli gave Yuan Yuan an affirmative answer with practical actions. Du Luozhou is a Xianbei native from Rouxuan Town. Du is a single surname changed during Emperor Xiaowen's time. The Xianbei surname is "Dugu Hun".Xianyu Xiuli is from Huaishuo Town and has a lower status. "Xianyu", a surname that looks very Xianbei at first glance, actually has nothing to do with Xianbei. He is a descendant of the Dingling people who immigrated to North China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and they are close relatives of the Chile people. Xianyu Xiuli raised troops in Zuoren City in Dingzhou, and Zhongshan, where Yu Wengong and his son avoided chaos, was the seat of Dingzhou.Although Yu Wengong's men were not "resigned households", they were also incorporated into the army by Xian Yu Xiuli and attacked Dingzhou City. (In the late uprising team, there were only a few people who came here wholeheartedly like Gao Huan, and the proportion of people who obviously had no intention of rebelling like Yu Wengong and his son was quite large. It can be seen that the Northern Wei court was very concerned about the influx of people from the Six Towns into Hebei The large-scale townspeople failed to come up with an effective pension and control plan, so that the people were at a loss as to what to do. The only choice was to live with the military boss. Anyway, the world is in chaos, and it is better to die on the battlefield than to die in flight. )

Yuanyuan made a great contribution in suppressing and breaking Liuhan Baling, and he was very intimidating in the six towns who surrendered households. He was the best candidate to deal with Xianyu Xiuli.However, the court of the Northern Wei Dynasty was jealous of him (from Emperor Xuanwu to Emperor Xiaoming, there were many years of infighting, the more prestigious and capable the clan was, the less they dared to reuse it), they called him back to Luoyang, and appointed General Yang Jin of the Left Guard as the North Daoist Governor, go to support. Yang Jin is the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowen's fierce general Yang Bo (see "Ming Zhu Hun Jun"), and his demeanor is quite similar to his brother.He heard that Dingzhou was in an emergency and was not well prepared, so he sent his troops into the city to defend it.Xianyu Xiuli's army stormed the east gate and took down the outer city. The inner city was noisy and the soldiers were uneasy.Yang Jin personally opened the gate of the inner city and attacked to meet the enemy.Unexpectedly, the enemy troops in the outer city were rushed to pieces, killing and injuring hundreds of people.

Both Yuwen Gong and his second son Yuwenlian died in this battle.The two brothers Yuwen Luosheng and Yuwentai had no time to wipe away their tears of grief, so they withdrew southward with the army to the banks of the Hutuo River (now Zhengding, Hebei). Xianyu Xiuli's morale fell to a low ebb. The Northern Wei Dynasty sent Sun Zhi, the chief governor of Yangzhou, and Hejian Wang Yuanchen to go north to try to solve the problem completely, but instead gave Xianyu Xiuli's army a big gift.Changsun Zhi and Yuan Chen have personal grievances. Not only can they not cooperate with peace of mind, but they also hinder each other.On the battlefield, Changsun Zhi didn't want to attack, but Yuan Chen refused to listen and insisted on fighting.One of the two armies was in the front and the other was behind, and there was no echo.When Changsun Zhi's army reached Wulu on the north side of the Hutuo River, it was intercepted by Xian Yuxiuli, and Yuan Chen did not return to the army to rescue him, and the Wei army was defeated. Xianyu Xiuli came back from a desperate situation, rebounded from the bottom, and gained momentum. The army under his command was said to be 100,000, surpassing Du Luozhou in the north.At this time, infighting broke out within the rebel army.One of Xianyu Xiuli's subordinates named Yuan Hongye took advantage of his surprise and killed him. He wanted to coerce the people to surrender to the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the army was in chaos for a while.Another general, Ge Rong, gathered up his troops, attacked and killed Yuan Hongye, and became the new leader of the rebel army. Ge Rong is from Xianbei, his surname is He Ge, he used to be a town general in Huaishuo Town, and he knows more about war than Xian Yuxiu, who only worked as a town soldier. (In this kind of mob army, those who are capable are afraid of violence, and those who are violent are afraid of death. Those who can really fight may not have a bright future, but in the end they have to come out to clean up the mess. From Xianyu Xiuli to Ge Rong , from Ge Rong to later Gao Huan and Yu Wentai, all of them were like this, the so-called "big waves wash the sand before you see gold") As soon as he took over, the combat effectiveness of the rebel army took a qualitative leap. After the defeat of Changsun Zhi and Yuan Chen, the court of the Northern Wei Dynasty dismissed them and reappointed Wang Yuanyuan of Guangyang as the governor, Zhangwu Wang Yuanrong as the governor of the left, and Pei Yan as the governor of the right. Ge Rong avoided the main force of the Wei army, led his army back to Yingzhou in the north, and fought in Bainiuluo (now Lixian County, Hebei). He used light cavalry to deal with Yuan Rong's left army and killed Yuan Rong.Yuanyuan retreated to Dingzhou. Yang Jin in Dingzhou City suspected that he was going to rebel, not only refused to accept him into the city, but also sent the governor Mao Shi to send troops to crusade.Yuan Yuan escaped from the alley and was captured by Ge Rong's men in the border of Boling, and then beheaded. After killing the two princes of the Wei army in succession, Ge Rong was proud of himself, as if he was the overlord of Hebei.In the second year of Xiaochang (526 A.D.), he called himself the Son of Heaven, changed his country name to Daqi, and changed his name to Guang'an; then he went south again and besieged the capital city of Jizhou. Gao Huan, who failed to fulfill his wish in Du Luo Zhou's army, also switched to Ge Rong's tent at this time.