Chapter 17 Er Jing Kang shame

In the fifth year of Zhenghe (1115), the Jurchen Wanyan Aguda (also known as Wanyan Min) founded the country, the country was named Jin, and Wanyan Aguda became the founding emperor of the Jin Kingdom, that is, Jin Taizu. After the news of Jin Taizu's repeated defeats of the Liao army after the founding of the country spread to the Song Dynasty, Song Huizong conspired with Cai Jing and Tong Guan to join the Jin Dynasty to destroy the Liao Dynasty in order to collect Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures.In the seventh year of Zhenghe (1117), after the Song court failed to make Jin for the first time, Song Huizong ordered Tong Guan to continue to be in charge of the relationship with Jin.Tong Guan ordered Wang Shizhong to send another capable official to the Kingdom of Jin, and Wang Shizhong recommended Ma Zheng to Tong Guan.

Ma Zheng, a native of Taozhou (now Lintan, Gansu), lived in Muping (now Shandong).In February of the first year of Chonghe (1118), the Song court regarded Ma Zheng as a doctor of martial arts and ordered him to send gold in the name of buying horses.After full preparations, in September of this year, Ma Zheng and his entourage set out to sea, but as soon as they reached the opposite bank, they were captured by the Jin soldiers and took away their belongings. After repeated explanations, they were allowed to pass.Ma Zheng and his entourage traveled more than 3,000 miles, and after going through hardships, they finally arrived at Lalin River to meet Jin Taizu.Jin Taizu asked Ma Zheng why he came to Jin, and Ma Zheng told Song Yuan and Jin Xiuhao to join forces to attack Liao.Jin Taizu and his officials did not make a clear statement because they did not know the details.After deliberation, Jin Taizu decided to keep the envoys Wang Mei, Liu Liang, and others from Dengzhou Primary School as hostages, and sent San Xi and Li Qingshan as envoys to hold the credentials of the envoys, and brought Beizhu, Shengjin, Diaoge, Gifts such as ginseng and pine nuts accompanied Ma Zheng and others to the Song Dynasty to return, in order to explore the true and false details of the Song Dynasty.Song and Jin Tonghao started from this, and after that, Song and Jin envoys kept in touch and communicated frequently.

In February of the second year of Xuanhe (1120), the Song Dynasty sent Zhao Liangsi as an envoy to the Kingdom of Jin. In name, he still wanted to buy horses, but in fact he wanted to invite Jin to attack Liao. Zhao Liangsi, formerly known as Ma Zhi, also known as Li Liangsi, was originally from Liaoyan (now northern Hebei). Since Khitan occupied the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, Ma became the common surname of the Han people in Liao, and they have been officials in Liao for generations.At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Liangsi served as Guangluqing in the Liao Dynasty. He was despised by his colleagues because of his treachery and cunning.Ma Zhi couldn't get along in Liao, and saw that the Jurchen next door was growing stronger and posing a strong threat to Liao, while Liao was becoming more and more corrupt, so he wanted to find a way out for himself.Because he is a Han Chinese, he has high-sounding reasons to join the Song court.It happened that Song Huizong sent Zheng Yunzhong as the chief envoy and Tong Guan as the deputy envoy to Liao.Ma Zhi felt that the opportunity was not to be missed, and when Tong Guan passed by Lugou, he visited the mansion overnight and asked to see him, saying that he would present to Tong Guan the strategy of destroying the Liao Dynasty.Tong Guan thought to himself, Ma Zhi was originally from the Liao Kingdom, but he wanted to offer himself a strategy to destroy the Liao Kingdom. What kind of medicine is sold in the gourd?He ordered the little official to invite Ma Zhi in.When Ma Zhi saw Tong Guan, he made an impassioned statement, saying: "We are originally a great country in heaven, the emperor is wise, and all people are obedient. Ma Zhi has longed for it for a long time, but he has no chance to express it. Today, Emperor Zuo is licentious and innocent, and Liao is dying. Zhi put all his heart away from the dark and turned to the bright, I hope you can understand your heart!" Then he said: "Not only did the Song Dynasty want to get rid of Yan Baoguo, but the Jurchens also hated Liao to the bone, so Song Ru sent envoys across the sea from Dengzhou and Laizhou to fight with the Jin people. Form an alliance and make an appointment with him, and the north and the south will attack the Liao Kingdom together, and the Liao Kingdom will be a bright future!" After hearing this, Tong Guan was overjoyed, thinking that Ma Zhi was a "talented man" who was far-sighted and aware of current affairs, and immediately brought him back to the Song Dynasty. Solemnly recommend it to Song Huizong.Song Huizong had the intention of uniting Jin to destroy Liao, and immediately made Zhao Liangsi his guest of honor.

In April, Zhao Liangsi finally arrived in the Kingdom of Jin. Unexpectedly, Taizu Jin had already personally led an army to attack Shangjing of the Liao Kingdom.Zhao Liangsi and his entourage rushed to catch up, and met Jin Taizu on the way, and arrived at the foot of Shangjing with the Jin army, and saw with his own eyes that the Jin army captured Shangjing in only two or three hours.Zhao Liangsi held the cup for his birthday, shouted long live, and presented Song Huizong's personal letter, asking Jin to attack the Liao Kingdom together and help Song recover the old land of Yanjing (now Beijing).

After negotiation and negotiation, Jin Taizu expressed his willingness to attack the Liao State, and Song paid 500,000 coins to Jin every year.The two parties agreed that Jin would take Dading Mansion in Liaozhongjing (now Daming City West of Ningcheng, Zhaowuda League, Inner Mongolia), and Song would take Liao Yanjing Xijin Mansion (now Beijing).Jin Yuan decided to send troops to attack Liao immediately, and asked Zhao Liangsi to go back immediately and let Song also send troops immediately.But at that time, it was the midsummer heat, the Jin army fought continuously, and the cattle and horses suffered from epidemics.Jin and Zhao Liangsi changed the agreement to raise troops next year (the third year of Xuanhe), and sent Bojin and Helu to return to Song Dynasty with the letter of state.

In the autumn of the second year of Xuanhe (1120), Zhao Liangsi returned to the court and reported Jin's opinion to the Song court. After Liao regained them, they will be returned to Song.Song Huizong believed it to be true, and in September, he appointed Ma Zheng and Wang Yu as envoys to the Kingdom of Jin again, and sent Jin envoys Bo Jin and He Lu back to Jin. The letter of credence presented by Song to Jin held by the Ma Zheng envoy Jin said that in order to fulfill the agreement between the former (Zhao Liangsi) and Jin Suo to jointly attack the Liao Dynasty, he had ordered Tong Guan to rein in the army and waited for the return of the Ma Zheng envoy Jin. On the date, you can raise your troops to attack Liao.According to Zhao Liangsi's one-sided words, the letter of credence also asked Jin to promise the sixteen prefectures occupied by the Liao after the Five Dynasties, including You (now Beijing), Ji (now Jixian, Hebei), and the entire south of the Great Wall. Returning to the Song Dynasty, the Song and Jin sides will use the Great Wall as the boundary in the future, and the Song Dynasty will transfer the silver and silk originally tributed to the Liao Dynasty to the Jin.

After Ma Zheng arrived in Jin, he stayed in Jin for more than a month, and the dispute between the two parties remained unresolved.The main reason is that Jin disagreed with the return of Xijing to the Song Dynasty, and believed that Ping (now Lulongbei, Hebei), Luan (now Luan County, Hebei), and Yingzhou (now Changli, Hebei) were not under the control of Yanjing and could not be returned to the Song Dynasty. strong fight. At that time, Jin Taizu had already intended to replace the Liao Kingdom and invade the Song Dynasty. He said to the ministers that if the Xijing area was returned to the Song Dynasty, Jin would have to retreat to the north of the Great Wall, and would not be able to control the Song Dynasty, let alone approach the Song Dynasty. expand.However, in Jin's letter of return to Song, he only said that the last time Zhao Liang's heir came, there had been an appointment.As for the Xijing area, Song should try to collect it himself. If Song is difficult to capture, he can notify Jin.There was no clear answer to Song's request that Xijing be returned to Song Dynasty.

Zhao Liangsi went back and forth seven times before and after, and finally concluded a covenant: Song promised to transfer the Liao Sui coin to Jin after the Liao was destroyed, and Jin admitted to return the old land around Yanjing to Song; Song Dynasty attacked Yanjing (now Beijing).This is the so-called "sea alliance" in history. After the Song Dynasty signed the maritime alliance with Jin, the Song court did not actively prepare for the war against Liao in accordance with the agreement, but only wanted to take advantage of the opportunity when Jin attacked Liao.Especially when Song Huizong learned that the Liao Kingdom already knew about the alliance between Song and Jin, he was worried about being retaliated by the Liao Kingdom and regretted it very much, so he ordered the detainment of the envoy of the Jin Kingdom.This incident later left an excuse for Jin Guo to break the alliance and break the contract.But the Kingdom of Jin began to attack the Liao Kingdom, and it was unstoppable, and soon captured the Liao Shangjing (now the city of Nandu Luocheng in the Zuo Banner of Balin, Inner Mongolia), and Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao Kingdom was forced to flee to Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi).Just when the Liao Kingdom was in danger, the internal strife among the nobles of the Liao Kingdom intensified.Yelu Dashi, the royal family of the Liao Kingdom, and Li Chuwen, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, supported Yeluchun, who stayed behind in Yanjing, as the emperor, known as the Northern Liao Dynasty in history, and deposed Emperor Tianzuo as the King of Xiangyin.

Song Huizong was relieved when he saw that the Liao Kingdom was about to perish. In order to reap the benefits of the fisherman, he immediately appointed Tong Guan and Cai You as the chief and deputy commanders, and led an army of 150,000 to attack Liao.As a result, the Song army, which had an absolute advantage in numbers, was vulnerable to a blow, and was defeated by Liao Yelu Dashi, and had to retreat to Xiongzhou. At this time, there was another internal strife in Beiliao.Three months after Yeluchun became emperor, he died of a sudden illness. His wife, Concubine Xiao, became the empress dowager and began to control the government.Li Chuwen, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, saw that the situation of the Liao Kingdom was over, secretly sent people to contact the Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, intending to surrender, but was found and executed by Concubine Xiao.

When Song Huizong saw the civil strife in Liao Dynasty, he ordered Tong Guan and Cai You to send troops to make profit.Fortunately, Guo Yaoshi, the defender of Zhuozhou in Liao Dynasty, surrendered to the Song Dynasty, thus opening the way for the Song army to Yanjing.Tong Guan ordered Liu Yanqing to be in command, and the surrendered general Guo Yaoshi led an army of 100,000 to take Yanjing.As a result, the Song army once invaded Yanjing City and started street fighting with the Liao army, but was defeated by the Liao army because of lack of support. In order to avoid the responsibility of repeated defeats, Tong Guan secretly sent envoys to the Jinying, asking the Jin army to send troops to attack Yanjing.Jin Taizu went out in person and led his army to capture Yanjing in one fell swoop, but the Song army did not participate in the battle.Concubine Liao Xiao and Yelu Dashi escaped from Yanjing, but because they had nowhere to go, they had to go to Emperor Liao Tianzuo again.After Emperor Tianzuo killed Concubine Xiao, he murderously asked Yelu Dashi why he supported Yelu Chun as emperor.Yelu Dashi made an impassioned statement: "Your Majesty (referring to Emperor Tianzuo) could not resist attacking the Jin soldiers with the power of the whole country, but abandoned the country and fled far away, causing the people to suffer. Therefore, there is no fault even if ten Yeluchun are established, because they are all The descendants of Taizu, this is better than surrendering to Jin and begging for his life." Emperor Tianzuo had nothing to say, so he had to pardon Yelu Dashi.

In a series of events, the Jin people saw clearly the corruption and military weakness of the Song Dynasty, and their attitude towards the Song Dynasty became increasingly tough, and they planned to abandon the previous agreement on the land issue.In the fifth year of Xuanhe (1123), the Song Dynasty sent Zhao Liangsi many times to negotiate with Jin Guo in order to return Yanjing and other places.Jin Taizu believed that the Song Dynasty's attack on Yanjing was futile, and proposed that the Song Dynasty should add another one million yuan, called "Yanjing's rent money", in order to redeem Yanjing.In addition, the Kingdom of Jin also proposed to the Song Dynasty many additional conditions such as the repatriation of Li Chuneng and other former officials of the Liao Kingdom who had defected to the Song Dynasty, and a loan of 100,000 hu.Song Huizong unanimously agreed. In April of the same year, the Jin soldiers withdrew from Yanjing, and swept away all the gold, silk, property, officials and people in the city before leaving the city. When Tong Guan and Cai You came to receive them, Yanjing had become an empty city.However, Song Prime Minister Wang Fu and others shamelessly expressed their congratulations, saying that the recovery of Yanjing was an "unworldly achievement".Song Huizong was very proud, declared amnesty to the world, and ordered Wang Anzhong to build a "Fuyanyun Monument" in Yanshou Temple to commemorate this achievement.Wang Fu, Tong Guan, Cai You and others were also considered to have contributed to the recovery of Yanjing, so they were promoted to rank.The Song Dynasty was immersed in the illusory victory and joy. They didn't realize the price paid and the humiliation behind the empty city of Yanjing, and they didn't know that the country was about to die. In the autumn of this year, Jin Taizu Wanyan Aguda died of illness. He reigned for nine years at the age of fifty-five.After the death of Jin Taizu, his younger brother Wu Qimai (also known as Wanyan Sheng) succeeded to the throne, which was Jin Taizong.Jin Taizong continued to lead the army to attack Liao, and the Liao army was defeated steadily.In the sixth year of Xuanhe (1124), Emperor Tianzuo of Liao Dynasty decided to send troops to recover the lost land.Yelu Dashi tried his best to persuade him, saying that he should raise his troops well, wait for the opportunity, and not act rashly.Emperor Tianzuo reprimanded Yelu Dashi Yitong and decided to send troops.Yelu Dashi saw that Emperor Tianzuo was so self-willed and determined to go his own way. Knowing that the Liao Kingdom was about to perish, he took more than 200 horsemen and fled to the northwest.In the winter of this year, Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao Dynasty sent troops from Jiashan, went south to Wuzhou, and encountered the Jin soldiers. The Liao army was defeated and fled.In the spring of the following year, Emperor Tianzuo wanted to flee to Xixia, but was captured by Jin soldiers in Yingzhou (now northeast of Shanyang County, Shanxi). He was imprisoned for more than a year and died.Yelu Dashi led his troops to flee from Hetao to the northwest, and rebuilt the Liao Kingdom, which was called Xiliao in history. From the founding of Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji (Yelüyi) in 916 AD to the capture of Tianzuo Emperor Yelu Yanxi, the Liao Kingdom officially perished. There were nine emperors in total, which lasted 209 years ("Liao History" extended to Western Liao died). With the successive victories of Jin's war against Liao, Jin's military power has expanded to approach the border of Xixia, posing a serious threat to Xixia.Li Qianshun, the king of Xixia, took advantage of the situation and took refuge in the Kingdom of Jin.Jin Guo also adopted a strategy to win over Xixia.After Jin destroyed the Liao Dynasty, Li Ganshun, king of Xixia, formally sent envoys to swear to Jin to declare himself a vassal.In this way, the Kingdom of Jin would not have any worries in the west and northwest, and could concentrate its forces to invade the Song Dynasty southward. In November of the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), Jin Taizong sent troops in two directions and invaded the south on a large scale.The Jin Army was divided into two groups. The West Route Army was led by Wanyan Zonghan (Nephew of Jin Taizu, whose real name was Nian Wuhe, also known as Nianhan), and attacked Taiyuan (now Shanxi) from Yunzhong (now Datong, Shanxi); the East Route Army was led by Wanyan Zongwang. (Jin Taizu's second son, also known as Wolibu), led by Pingzhou (now Lulong, Hebei) to attack Yanjing (now Beijing). The Eastern Route Army captured Tanzhou (now Miyun, Beijing) and Jizhou (now Jixian, Hebei) one after another.Wanyan Zonghan of the West Route Army did not go to war immediately. While sending spies to secretly inquire about Song's reality, he also sent envoys to Taiyuan to ask to see Tong Guan, the commander of the Song Army, and lied that he would discuss the so-called delivery of Yunzhongdi. Paralyzed Song Jun.Tong Guan was really fooled. When he arrived in Taiyuan, he first sent Ma Kuo and Xin Xingzong to Wanyan Zonghan's army to ask for the gold to be returned to the land behind the mountain (that is, the eight states in the cloud).Wanyan Zonghan accused the Song Dynasty of accepting Zhang Jue and violated the contract, and arrogantly claimed that the states in front of the mountain and behind the mountain were all the land of the Kingdom of Jin and could not be returned.Then, Wanyan Zonghan sent envoys to Taiyuan to ask Tong Guan to cede the land of Hedong and Hebei to the Kingdom of Jin, and Song and Jin took the Yellow River as the boundary.It wasn't until this time that Tong Guan saw Jin's intention to invade the Song Dynasty. He panicked and fled back to Tokyo in a hurry without arranging anti-jin measures.Wanyan Zonghan's West Route Army approached Taiyuan, planning to capture Taiyuan and then join the East Route Army at Kaifeng, the capital of Song Dynasty. At this time, Wanyan Zongwang of the Eastern Route Army was pressing Yanjing.At that time Yanjing was garrisoned by Song general Guo Yaoshi.Guo Yaoshi was originally a general of the Liao Kingdom. The Zhang Jue incident shocked him greatly, and he completely lost his trust in the Song Dynasty.The Song court also realized that the Zhang Jue incident had a negative impact on Guo Yaoshi, and felt that Guo Yaoshi and other Liao generals were treated badly.In order to offset the previous negative impact, the Song court tried to cater to Guo Yaoshi everywhere, and satisfied Guo Yaoshi's requirements.Guo Yaoshi took the opportunity to vigorously develop his own power, his strength greatly increased, and he dictated all the way to the military, and recruited more soldiers, claiming to be 300,000.However, the soldiers under Guo Yaoshi still wore the original Liao military uniforms, which aroused the suspicion of the Song court. The Song court named Guo Yaoshi Taiwei and wanted to take this opportunity to call him into the court.Naturally, this little trick was easily seen through by Guo Yaoshi, and he couldn't help it.Therefore, the Song court sent Tong Guan to patrol the border. Once Guo Yaoshi was found to be rebellious, he could deal with it expediently.After Tong Guan arrived in Yanjing, Guo Yaoshi personally went out to meet him in the suburbs, saluted Tong Guan as his father, and tried his best to curry favor with him.In order to completely gain Tong Guan's trust, Guo Yaoshi also carefully organized a military exercise to show off his force. Tong Guan was finally relieved and reported to Song Huizong after returning, saying that Guo Yaoshi could be trusted.Afterwards, although people continued to report that Guo Yaoshi and Jin exchanged letters, Song Huizong always turned a deaf ear to it. When Wanyan Zongwang led the army to Sanhe (now Hebei), Cai Jing, the envoy of Song Xuanfu, ordered Guo Yaoshi, Zhang Linghui, and Liu Shunren to lead 45,000 troops to the battle.As a result, the Song army was defeated in Baihe (now the upper reaches of Chaobai River).When Wanyan Zongwang entered Yanshan, Guo Yaoshi suddenly sent troops to arrest Cai Jing and other Yanshan government officials, opened the city gate and surrendered to the Jin army.In this way, the Jin army occupied all the prefectures and counties under Song Yanshan Mansion without any effort.Afterwards, with Guo Yaoshi as the guide, Jin Bing drove southward and marched straight to Tokyo. Song Huizong originally thought that after collecting Yanjing and humiliating the Jin Kingdom, he could enjoy peace.Hearing that the Jin soldiers went south, Song Huizong panicked and dismissed Hua Shigang and the Internal and External Manufacturing Bureau, which had recovered after suppressing the Fang La uprising, and issued an edict to sin himself, admitting that he appointed inhumans, credulous and false opinions, etc., thinking In order to change people's hearts.At the same time, he called on officers and soldiers from all over the country to serve the king, and ordered Xihe Jinglue envoy Yao Gu and Qin Feng Jinglue envoy Zhong Shidao to lead the troops to help. But before the reinforcements arrived, the Jin soldiers had already approached Tokyo.Song Huizong was so panicked that he wanted to flee south, but was blocked by Wu Min during the incident, and recommended Taichang Shaoqing Li Gang to preside over the overall situation.Wu Min urged Song Huizong to abdicate, saying that only by letting the prince become emperor can Weifu call on the army and the people to resist the gold.At this time, the East Road Jinbing had bypassed Zhongshan Mansion (now Ding County, Hebei Province) and headed south, only ten days away from Feng.Therefore, Wu Min asked Huizong to take the throne within three days, so that the new emperor could have time to organize the military and civilian resistance against Jin.Song Huizong was panicked and annoyed. In order to escape for his life, he had to agree to abdicate. On December 23rd in the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), Song Huizong took Cai You's hand and said, "I didn't expect the Jin people to be like this!"The ministers hurriedly poured medicine for first aid.After Song Huizong pretended to wake up, he asked for a pen and paper, and wrote an abdication edict. He was named the leader of the Taoist Emperor, called the "Taishanghuang", and lived in Longde Palace.This is also the first Supreme Emperor in Song Dynasty history.The crown prince Zhao Huan immediately ascended the throne, that is, Song Qinzong, and changed his reign name to Jingkang next year. Zhao Huan's biological mother was the queen.Queen Wang was cowardly by nature, and Song Huizong loved Concubine Zheng (later Empress Zheng) and Concubine Wang more.In the second year of Daguan (1108), Queen Wang died of illness at the age of twenty-five, leaving nine-year-old Zhao Huan alone and helpless.Although Zhao Huan later became the crown prince, he was not stable.Because Song Huizong liked Zhao Kai, the king of Yun who was born to the concubine Wang Gui.Concubine Wang Gui also has another daughter, the Roufu Emperor Ji who is famous in history because she can't tell the truth from the fake.Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty doted on Zhao Kai, the king of Yun, and broke the convention that "clans don't take office". He made an exception for King Yun to take up real positions, promoted the imperial city secretary, and was free to go in and out of the palace regardless of the morning and evening, showing signs of abolishing the establishment.In a sense, the Jin army's southward invasion helped Zhao Huan, prompting Song Huizong to pass on the throne in a hurry.In the meantime, Zhao Kai, the king of Yun, was angry and broke into the palace after hearing about it, trying to fight for the throne, but he failed when the infantry soldier Du Yuhou He Guan who was ordered to guard the gate of the palace yelled at him sharply with his sword. After Song Huizong was forced to abdicate, he immediately left a mess to his son Song Qinzong, and led Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Cai You, Cai Tao and other cronies to escape from Kaifeng and head to the south.He was afraid that the golden man would come after him, and he thought the boat was too slow, so he changed to a jiaoyu; he was also afraid that it would not go fast, so he changed to a fast boat carrying bricks and tiles.He fled to Sizhou (now Xuyi, Jiangsu Province) before he dared to stay for a while.Tong Guan and Gao Qiu led Song Huizong to cross the Huai River to Yangzhou (now Jiangsu).When Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty was crossing the pontoon bridge, the accompanying guards climbed up and wailed. Tong Guan was afraid that it would affect the escape speed, so he ordered the soldiers to shoot arrows. Many of the accompanying guards fell into the water and died.After Song Huizong arrived in Yangzhou, he still felt unsafe, so he left Queen Zheng in Yangzhou, and fled to Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) on the south bank of the Yangtze River. At this time, the anger and dissatisfaction suppressed among the army and civilians broke out rapidly, and the government and the opposition were agitated, and they wrote letters to expose the crimes of Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others.Tai student Chen Dong took the lead in writing a letter to Fu Que, asking Cai Jing and other "six thieves" to be punished and spread to all directions to thank the world.Under the strong demands of officials from the ruling and opposition parties, Song Qinzong, who had just ascended the throne, had to obey the public opinion, and successively demoted Wang Fu, Li Yan, Liang Shicheng, Tong Guan, Zhu Yu, Cai You, and Cai Sui to beheaded or exiled. Cai Jing was on the way to exile. He died of illness in Tanzhou.Due to the outbreak of the Song-Jin War, Song Qinzong shifted the blame to Zhao Liangsi, who was in charge of diplomacy, and deported him to Liuzhou to be executed. Among the "Six Thieves", the deaths of Tong Guan and Wang Fu are the most dramatic.After Song Qinzong came to the throne, Tong Guan was first demoted from the capital.Song Qinzong immediately issued an edict to count Tongguan's ten crimes, and sent the supervisory censor Zhang Chen to chase and kill Tongguan.According to historical records, Tong Guan was "burly in appearance, magnificent in appearance, with a beard of ten or so, and his skin and bones were as strong as iron, not like an eunuch."Although Zhang Cheng was ordered to pursue and kill Tong Guan, he was afraid of Tong Guan's bravery and dared not strike easily.After chasing all the way to Nanxiong Prefecture, he first sent someone to "visit" Tong Guan, pretending that there was an imperial decree to bestow tea and medicine, and asked Tong Guan to return to Beijing to serve as Hebei Xuanfu envoy.Tong Guan believed it was true, and smiled with his beard: "I still can't do without me!" The next morning, when Zhang Cheng arrived, Tong Guan greeted him happily.Although Tong Guan came to his senses, it was too late, and Zhang Cheng's entourage chopped off his head. Wang Fu had long had conflicts with Song Qinzong because he supported Yun Wang Zhao Kai and planned for him to seize the crown prince.After Chen Dong wrote the letter, Song Qinzong issued an edict to arrest Wang Fu and send him to Kaifeng Mansion for trial.Nie Chang, the prefect of Kaifeng, had a feud with Wang Fu, so he immediately sent soldiers to chase and kill Wang Fu, but lied that he was killed by bandits. On the third day of the first month of the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin army crossed the Yellow River. After the news reached Kaifeng, the capital was under martial law.The hearts of the people in the court were fluctuating, and there were different opinions about the main battle and the main escape.Song Qinzong was unbearable, cowardly and incompetent, heeded the instigation of the prime ministers Bai Shizhong and Li Bangyan, and planned to flee to Shaanxi to avoid the enemy.At that time, Li Gang, the Minister of the Anti-Japanese War faction, had been appointed as the right minister of Shangshu and stayed behind in Tokyo. ?” Song Qinzong remained silent.Prime Minister Bai Shizhong and Li Bangyan said that Kaifeng could not be defended, so they could only avoid it temporarily.Li Gang retorted: "Which city in the world can be as strong as Kaifeng? And the ancestral temple, the state, the officials, and the people are all here, how can they be thrown away easily! Today's plan should be to rectify the army and horses, unite the army and the people, and stick to the capital. Master." Song Qinzong was hesitating when he suddenly heard that the queen had left Beijing, and hurriedly stood up and said, "I can't stay here anymore. You don't want to keep me, I want to set off with the queen." Li Gang wept and begged Song Qinzong to stay, Song Qinzong Finally reluctantly agreed to stay in the capital. But that night, the prime ministers Bai Shizhong and Li Bangyan entered the palace overnight and advised Song Qinzong to leave Beijing as soon as possible.Song Qinzong was indecisive and capricious, so he decided to leave early the next morning.When Li Gang entered the court early in the morning, he found that the emperor's chariots and horses had been prepared. He immediately realized that the new emperor was going to escape, so he said sharply to the soldiers escorting him, "Are you willing to defend to the death, or are you willing to go out on patrol?" They said in unison: "I wish to defend to the death!" So Li Gang went to Song Qinzong and said, "The parents and wives of the soldiers of the Sixth Army are all in Kaifeng City, how can they be willing to give up easily? In case they return halfway, who can protect His Majesty? And the enemy has already They are approaching, they know that Chengyu has not gone far, and they will definitely chase after them with fast horses, how will they resist?" Song Qinzong was a little scared when he heard this, so he agreed not to go to Shaanxi, and ordered the empress who had already set off to be recalled.In order to stabilize people's hearts, Li Gang told the army and the people: "The Holy Majesty has made up his mind and is determined to defend the city. Anyone who dares to leave the capital and disturb people's hearts will be executed!" The soldiers all shouted long live.Song Qinzong boarded the Xuande Gate again, and Wu Min and Li Gang announced to the officials and soldiers in front of the gate that the emperor decided to stick to it.The soldiers were encouraged and determined to defend Tokyo.Song Qinzong dismissed Bai Shizhong, used Li Bangyan and Zhang Bangchang as prime ministers, and ordered Li Gang to quickly deploy defenses.Li Gang was ordered in danger, and immediately organized the army and the people to prepare for the war. When Li Gang was deploying to defend the city, the Jin army arrived at Moutuogang in the northwest of Kaifeng.Moutuogang was the place where the Song army raised horses, and 20,000 army horses and a large amount of fodder easily fell into the hands of the Jin people. On the seventh day of the first month of the first year of Jingkang (1126), Wanyan Zongwang's army arrived at the city of Tokyo and immediately began to attack the city.Li Gang commanded the army and the people to fight.Jin soldiers attacked with fire boats. Li Gang commanded the Song army to hook the fire boats with hooks, and then threw large stones from the tower to sink the fire boats.The Jin soldiers attacked the city again with ladders. Li Gang ordered the soldiers to burn the ladders with fire and shoot the soldiers with arrows, finally repelling the attack of the Jin men. Wanyan Zongwang was very scheming, seeing that Kaifeng could not be captured immediately, he asked the Song Dynasty to send the prince and prime minister to the army to negotiate a peace.Li Gang took the initiative to invite Ying to negotiate a peace, but Song Qinzong still wanted to rely on Li Gang, so he did not agree, and sent Li Wei and Zheng Wangzhi.After Wanyan Zongwang saw the envoy of the Song Dynasty, the lion opened his mouth and asked for five million taels of gold, five thousand taels of silver, ten thousand heads of cattle and horses, and one million taels of satin; Only when the prime minister is a hostage can a peace be negotiated.After Li Yan and Zheng Wangzhi played back, the prime ministers Li Bangyan and Zhang Bangchang advocated accepting them all.Li Gang resolutely disagreed, and wanted to procrastinate for time to discuss peace talks after Qin Wangjun from all over the country arrived, but the prime ministers Li Bangyan and Zhang Bangchang firmly disagreed.Song Qinzong himself was timid and afraid of death, and he had no opinion, so he was at a loss.At this time, Kang Wang Zhao Gou stood up and asked for envoy Jin, saying: "The enemy will definitely ask the prince to be a hostage, and the minister is for the sake of the clan society, how can I avoid it!" So Song Qinzong sent Kang Wang Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Zhang Bangchang as envoys gold camp.Li Yan told King Kang, "The Jin army was worried about the dishonesty of the Southern Dynasty, and asked the prince to send them across the Yellow River before returning." King Kang replied solemnly, "When the country is in danger, it is right to die for the country!" This King Kang is the ninth son of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty and the half brother of Emperor Qinzong of Song Dynasty. His current performance can be described as quite impassioned.No one can imagine that when he ascended the throne as Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty shortly after, he brazenly begged for the gold man, but he was even worse than his father and brother. When Kang Wang set off for Jinying, the situation had changed subtly. General Song Zhong Shidao, Yao Pingzhong and others led the King's army to Tokyo one after another.The Song army overwhelmed the Jin army in terms of total strength and momentum, so the Jin army had no choice but to retreat northward and retreat to Moutuogang. Yao Pingzhong heard that Kang Wang Zhao Gou was a hostage in the Jinying, so he proposed to send elites to attack the Jinying at night, capture Yan Zongwang alive, and welcome Kang Wang back.Li Gang supported Yao Pingzhong's suggestion, but Song Qinzong had no opinion and agreed on the spot.But when Yao Pingzhong went to attack, the news had already leaked, and the Jin army had already been prepared.Yao Pingzhong failed to rob the camp and fled in defeat.The Jin army took the opportunity to attack Tokyo again. Fortunately, Li Gang was prepared and commanded the soldiers to repel the Jin soldiers. Wanyan Zongwang accused the Song Dynasty of robbing the camp. In order to shirk their responsibilities, Song Qinzong and Li Bangyan apologized to the Jin army by dismissing Li Gang.After the news of Li Gang's dismissal spread, the crowd was excited.On the same day, Tai student Chen Dong led hundreds of Tai students Fu Que to write a letter, demanding that Li Gang and Zhong Shidao be reinstated, and dismissed the prime ministers Bai Shizhong, Li Bangyan, Zhang Bangchang and other ministers who sought peace and flattered the enemy.Tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the city rose up in solidarity and surrounded the palace.Just when Li Bangyan retired from the court, the soldiers and civilians denounced his crimes and threw bricks and tiles at him angrily. Li Bangyan rode his horse and fled, so he was not killed.Kaifeng Yin Wang Shiyong personally led troops to suppress, and the soldiers and civilians wanted to kill him, so scared that he also fled in embarrassment.The soldiers and civilians also killed dozens of eunuchs who committed many crimes.Song Qinzong sent someone to announce that Li Gang would be restored to his post after the Jin people retreated.Tai students and soldiers and civilians demanded immediate recovery, shouted loudly, and kept beating the Dengwen drum.Song Qinzong saw that the anger of the crowd was hard to break, so he had to announce that Li Gang would be used again, and let Zhong Shidao go out in a car, and the people retreated. Song Qinzong immediately issued an edict agreeing to the terms of the peace negotiation, ceding the three towns of Taiyuan, Zhongshan, and Hejian to the Kingdom of Jin, and sending Xiao Wang Zhao Shu as a hostage in exchange for Kang Wang Zhao Gou and Zhang Bangchang.Wanyanzong saw the reinforcements of the Song army arriving one after another, and Tokyo's defense was greatly strengthened. He felt a little fearful in his heart, and because he had already gained a lot of benefits, he took advantage of the situation and retreated.After the Jin army retreated, Song Qinzong sent Li Gang to pick up the Supreme Emperor Song Huizong back to Beijing.In April of the first year of Jingkang (1126), Song Huizong returned to the capital. After the Jin army retreated, the Song court resumed the strategy of holding on to the weak and keeping things in place, and Li Gang was also demoted from Kaifeng.Song Qinzong did not make any military preparations, and even wrote a letter to Yelu Yuxuan, the general of the Jin Kingdom, in a whimsical way, trying to persuade Yeluyuyu to launch a coup in the Jin Kingdom to disrupt the political situation of the Jin Kingdom.Yelu Yuxuan was originally a general of the Liao Kingdom and was forced to surrender gold.The most naive and ridiculous thing is that Song Qinzong handed over this confidential letter to Xiao Zhonggong, the envoy of the Kingdom of Jin, and asked Xiao Zhonggong to forward it to Yelu Yuxi with a lot of money.Xiao Zhonggong agreed on the surface, returned to the Kingdom of Jin, and immediately handed the letter to Jin Taizong.Jin Guo was angered again. In August of the first year of Jingkang (1126), Jin Taizong once again launched a large army to attack the Song Dynasty.The Jin army took Wanyan Zonghan as the left deputy marshal and Wanyan Zongwang as the right deputy marshal, and marched in two routes from east to west.At the beginning of September, the Jin army led by Wanyan Zonghan broke through Taiyuan.Then he joined forces with Wanyan Zongwang and captured Zhending Mansion (now Anyang, Henan) in early October. Panicked, Song Qinzong had no choice but to renew his hope in ceding land to seek peace. He sent Kang Wang Zhao Gou and Wang Yun as envoys to Jinying to seek peace.When Zhao Gou and his party came to Cizhou, Zong Ze, the magistrate of Cizhou, was leading the army and the people to prepare for the war. There is the story of "a mud horse crossing King Kang". In late November, when the Jin army arrived in Tokyo, Kaifeng was in critical condition.Song Qinzong appointed Zhang Shuting, the general manager of Nantong Metropolis who led Qin Wang's soldiers into Beijing, as the signing office, and led the army and the people to defend the city.He also issued an edict to make Kang Wang Zhao Gou the Grand Marshal of the World's Soldiers and Horses, and called Hebei soldiers to quickly enter Tokyo to defend.At the same time, Song Qinzong, Prime Minister He Li and others were all ready to seek peace.At this time, Guo Jing, a rogue and godly man, appeared at the right time, and an extremely ridiculous scene was staged. Guo Jing claimed that he knew the "Liujia method" spells, and he could summon the heavenly soldiers and generals, easily capture the enemy's marshal alive, and destroy the enemy's army.The Liujia method is to select 7779 men, and after casting the spell, they can be invulnerable.Song Qinzong was convinced of this, so Song Qinzong decided that Guo Jing's "heavenly soldiers and generals" would fight the enemy to the death.The day of Guo Jing's power came, and he ordered the withdrawal of all the defenders in the city, lest someone peep and cause the spell to fail.After casting the spell, Guo Jing ordered the National People's Congress to open the city gate and sent his "invulnerable" magic soldiers to attack.As a result, these divine soldiers were not invulnerable, but were all wiped out by the Jin army.Fortunately, the Song soldiers guarding the city gate closed the city gate in time, otherwise the Jin army could take advantage of the momentum and rush in.Seeing the defeat in the first battle, Guo Jing said: "It seems that I have to go out in person." Then he led the remaining soldiers down the city, but after leaving the city, he fled south without looking back.At this time, the Jin army took advantage of the heavy snow to attack the city, climbed up the city, and found that there were no defenders on the city, and the outer city of Kaifeng fell. After the outer city of the capital was broken, the Song court was in chaos.Song Qinzong hurriedly sent Prime Minister He Li to Jinying to seek peace. Wanyan Zonghan and Zongwang said: "Since ancient times, there has been South and North, and both are indispensable. As long as you agree to cede land, you can negotiate a peace. However, the Supreme Emperor must come to negotiate in person. "It means that Song Huizong should come to discuss peace in person.After He Li reported back, Song Qinzong said: "The Supreme Emperor was disturbed and fell ill. He must go. I will go in person." After Song Qinzong and He Li arrived at Jinying, they sent the surrender form and knelt down in humiliation.Because he didn't get Jin Taizong's edict, Wanyan Zonghan just said a few words of comfort, and let Song Qinzong retreat.Song Qinzong stayed in Jinying for two days, but did not discuss any results, and returned to Tokyo in early December.When Song Qinzong returned to Tokyo, ministers and common people lined up to greet him.Song Qinzong couldn't help crying in public when he thought that the king of a country would personally go to the enemy's camp to seek peace, and his prestige would be swept away. At this time, Tokyo was completely defenseless.Although the Jin army did not enter the city, they sent people to ask for 10 million ingots of gold, 20 million ingots of silver, and 10 million bolts of silk, claiming that if they were not delivered in time, they would send troops into the city.According to the will of the Jin Army, Song Qinzong ordered the collection of gold and silver from the people, and at the same time dispatched courtiers to various places in Hedong, Hebei, and ordered Kaesong to surrender gold. At that time, the city of Kaifeng had been searched and exhausted.In order to please the Jin people, Song Qinzong ordered the dignitaries, wealthy families, and businessmen to contribute funds to reward the army.The so-called funding to reward the army is actually an open robbery, and anyone who resists will be locked up by the government.The city of Kaifeng was in a mess.Even so, the gold and silver were still not enough, so Mei Zhili and other ministers responsible for the gold and silver were killed.The Jin people asked for another 1,500 young girls. Song Qinzong sent people to search for young girls everywhere, and if the number was not enough, he used his concubines to make up for it.Many women were unwilling to be humiliated and committed suicide. In the first month of the second year of Jingkang (1127), Song Qinzong went to Jinying for the second time to negotiate. When he left the court, he agreed to return within five days, but he was detained when he arrived at Jinying.Jin Jun said that he would release it after the gold and silver had been handed over.Song Qinzong had no choice but to issue an edict to send 24 more officials to carry out a thorough search, twice, for a month, and obtained a total of 278,000 taels of gold, 7.14 million taels of silver, and 100 taels of silk. Zero forty thousand horses. In addition to asking for gold, silver and silk, the Jin army also snatched the emperor's jade seal, ceremonial guards, maps of the world's state capitals, musical instruments, sacrificial vessels, and various treasures and playthings. , prostitutes and princes, grandsons, concubines, emperors (princess), princes and other nobles, even the Supreme Emperor Song Huizong were escorted to Jinying.It is said that Song Huizong didn't care when he heard that gold, silver and other treasures were robbed, and he sighed a few times when he heard that the royal collection was also robbed. In April of the second year of Jingkang (1127), Jin generals Wanyan Zongwang and Wanyan Zonghan took Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and Zhao's princes, grandsons, concubines, empresses, court ladies and ministers to more than 3,000 people who were captured and detained in Jinying. And a large amount of gold and silver treasures looted returned to the Kingdom of Jin.Among them, Wanyan Zongwang took Song Huizong and the Empress Dowager, princes, grandsons, sons-in-law, princesses, concubines, Concubine Wei, Zhao Gou's mother of King Kang, and Zhao Gou's wife Xing from Huazhou (now Henan) to the North of the Yellow River. Taking Song Qinzong, Qinzong's queen, prince, concubine, He Li, Sun Fu, Zhang Shuye, Chen Guoting, Sima Pu, Qin Hui and other ministers, he crossed the Yellow River North from Zhengzhou (now Henan).Among the captured Song Dynasty monarchs and ministers, only Zhang Shuye and He Li died of hunger strike halfway.Others live in humiliation. So far the Northern Song Dynasty perished.Therefore, it happened during the Jingkang period, which is known as the "Jingkang Change" in history.皇室成员中，逃脱大难的除了当时不在开封的康王赵构，就只有居住在民间的宋哲宗废后孟氏。 徽、钦二宗被掳到金国后，先被迫换了白色的丧服，去拜谒金太祖完颜阿骨打的庙，意为金主向祖先献俘。尔后，两个受尽屈辱的皇帝一个被封为昏德公，一个被封为重昏侯，关押在韩州（今辽宁昌图），后被迁到五国城（今黑龙江依兰）。宋徽宗因为受不了金人的折磨，将衣服剪成条，结成绳，准备悬梁自尽，结果被宋钦宗发现，抱了下来，父子俩抱头痛哭。 在被囚禁期间，宋徽宗写了许多悔恨哀怨的诗句，如： 不过，他的悔恨只限于“社稷山河都为大臣所误”，并没有认识到是由于他本人的昏庸奢侈才导致了亡国为囚的下场。当然，他念念不忘有朝一日能够重回故土，他曾派臣子曹勋从金偷偷逃回宋朝，临行前交给他一件背心，背心上写着：“你（指宋高宗赵构）快来援救父母。”宋徽宗哭着叮嘱曹勋，切记要转告宋高宗“不要忘了我北行的痛苦”。一边说着，一边取出白纱手帕拭泪。又将手帕也交给曹勋，说：“让皇上（宋高宗）深知我思念故国而哀痛泪下的情景。” 宋徽宗和宋钦宗还日夜盼望宋高宗能接他们回去，其实宋高宗表面高喊要迎回徽、钦二帝，但内心却生怕父兄回来后威胁自己的皇位，巴不得他们早些客死他乡。绍兴五年（1135年），宋徽宗无望而悲惨地死去，时年五十三岁，有遗言想归葬中原，未得金主允许。宋徽宗尸体被发现时，已经完全僵硬。金人将尸体架到石坑上焚烧，烧到半焦烂时，用水浇灭火，将尸体扔到坑中。据说，这样坑里的水就能做灯油。宋钦宗悲伤至极，也要跳入坑中，却被人拉住。 绍兴十二年（1142年）三月，宋金和议谈成，赵构生母韦氏由五国城归宋。她离开时，宋钦宗挽住她的车轮，请她转告宋高宗，若能归宋，自己当一太乙宫主足矣。可见宋钦宗也很清楚弟弟宋高宗不思恢复中原的根本原因。然而，宋高宗终生都在与金人议和，根本无心迎回兄长。 绍兴二十六年（1156年），宋钦宗的悲惨命运也走到了尽头，金人将其纵马踩死，时年五十七岁，在帝位仅仅两年。直到绍兴三十一年（1161年），宋钦宗死讯才传到中原。宋高宗表面上悲伤不已，内心却暗自高兴，因为他皇位中最大的威胁被清除了。 而宋徽宗的情人李师师早在国破前出家为女道士，之后辗转流落在湖广一带。只是此时时过境迁，历经离乱之苦的绝代名妓已经容颜憔悴，不复有昔日的丽色。因为生活艰难，无以谋生，李师师不得不重操旧业，以卖唱度日。南渡的士大夫们仰慕其昔日盛名，时常邀她出席宴会。据说在宴席上，李师师唱得最多的一首歌是：“辇彀繁华事可伤，师师垂老遇湖湘；缕衫檀板无颜色，一曲当年动帝王。”